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Journal articles on the topic 'Underclass'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 February 2023

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1

Dixon, John, Kerry Carrier, and Rhys Dogan. "On Investigating the ‘Underclass’: Contending Philosophical Perspectives." Social Policy and Society 4, no. 1 (January 2005): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746404002155.

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The concept of ‘underclass’ evokes a multiplicity of attitudes and beliefs about its meaning, existence, causation and, therefore, its resolution. This paper draws upon the philosophy of the social sciences to explicate the contending philosophical perspectives on the ‘underclass's’ causation and resolution by reference to a taxonomy of methodologies, so enabling the articulation of each methodology's analytical strengths and weaknesses when used to investigate the ‘underclass’. The conclusion drawn is that policy analysts must be critically reflective before they seek to describe, explain, understand, judge and address ‘underclass’-related problems and issues by drawing upon any theories and methods grounded in anyone of these contending methodological families.

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2

Jianrong, Yu. "China's Underclass." Contemporary Chinese Thought 45, no. 4 (July 2014): 18–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csp1097-1467450401.

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3

Morgan, Patricia. "The Underclass." Criminal Justice Matters 18, no. 1 (December 1994): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627259408552629.

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4

Strong, Samuel. "Underclass ontologies." Political Geography 42 (September 2014): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.07.008.

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5

Little, Daniel. "Marxism and Popular Politics: The Microfoundations of Class Conflict." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 15 (1989): 163–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1989.10716796.

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A particularly important topic for Marxist theory is that of popular politics: the ways in which the underclasses of society express their interests and values through collective action. Classical Marxism postulates a fundamental conflict of interest among classes. It holds that exploited classes will come to an accurate assessment of their class interests, and will engage in appropriate collective actions to secure those interests. The result is a predicted variety of forms of underclass collective action: boycotts, rent strikes, tax and food riots, rebellion, and revolution. Underclass members of society instigate and support such protests because it is in their material class interest to do so. It will emerge, however, that this account is too schematic to provide a basis for explanation of popular politics. The microfoundations approach to Marxist theory will prove useful in this context because it directs us to some of the resources needed to provide a more adequate account of popular collective action.

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6

Martiniello, Marco. "Bestaat er een stedelijke onderklasse in België ?" Res Publica 37, no. 2 (June 30, 1995): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v37i2.18679.

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This article makes first a critical review of the different definitions in the scientific literature of the 'underclass' concept. It is argued that the American and British concept of underclass is not necessarily transportable to Europe. The next part adresses the question of a possible emerging urban underclass in Belgium.It is concluded that although Belgium has to fight against social problems associated with underclass formation in the US and Britain, it has until now no clearcut underclass. The main reasons for this are that economic marginality is not permanent and stable, and that economic marginality, deviant values and criminal behaviour are not systematically coinciding.

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7

Bremer, Peter, and Norbert Gestring. "Urban Underclass - neue Formen der Ausgrenzung auch in deutschen Städten?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 27, no. 106 (March 1, 1997): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v27i106.888.

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The essay discusses the question whether there are signs for the development of an underclass in Gerrnany. The essay is subdivided into four parts: Firstly, some results and controversies of the research of underclass in the USA are summarized. In the second part, the criteria for a definition of underclass are deterrnined, in the third part, the thesis is discussed that the development of an underclass in Gerrnany would most likely appear in parts of the foreign population, since the social situation of this group is below average according to all indicators. Finally, some conclusions are named.

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8

Bullen, Elizabeth, and Jane Kenway. "Bourdieu, subcultural capital and risky girlhood." Theory and Research in Education 3, no. 1 (March 2005): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878505049834.

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It is a contention of the culturalist strand of underclass theory that the growth of the underclass is not a function of social and economic change, but of features intrinsic to underclass culture. Children born into disadvantaged communities, it is argued, are socialized into the ‘deviant’ culture of their families, families typically headed by single mothers. According to the underclass thesis, daughters of such families will face a heightened risk of leaving school early and teenage pregnancy. An unanticipated correlation between claims of the underclass thesis and the cohort of mothers and daughters with whom we are working on a current project has led us to ask, ‘how do we acknowledge the culture of disadvantaged communities and their generational synergies, whilst avoiding the pernicious implications of the underclass thesis?’ To answer this question, this article assesses the merits of bringing Bourdieu’s ideas on cultural capital together with Sarah Thornton’s concept of subcultural capital. The article concludes with two examples of how we might draw on these ideas as a way of exploring the means by which girls in difficult economic circumstances understand and pursue their school lives.

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9

Watts, Harold W., Christopher Jencks, and Paul E. Peterson. "The Urban Underclass." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 45, no. 4 (July 1992): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2524605.

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10

Hogan, Dennis P., and William Julius Wilson. "An Entrenched Underclass." Family Planning Perspectives 21, no. 1 (January 1989): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2135427.

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11

Vincent, Joan. "Framing the Underclass." Critique of Anthropology 13, no. 3 (September 1993): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x9301300302.

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12

Macnicol, John. "Reconstructing the Underclass." Social Policy and Society 16, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746416000403.

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In late 2011, the Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition government announced the launch of a new programme on ‘troubled families’ – a term used to describe the estimated 120,000 most behaviourally anti-social families in England and Wales. To many social scientists, this appeared to be yet another reconstruction of the broad ‘underclass’ concept that has run like a thread of analysis through UK poverty discourses over the last 150 years. The symbolic nature and coded meanings of this particular concept of poverty are very interesting, as is the way it has been reconstructed periodically. This paper summarises these reconstructions, and the analytical issues raised by them: the ‘residuum’ concept of the 1880–1914 period; the ‘social problem group’ of the inter-war years; the ‘problem family’ of the 1940s and 1950s; the ‘cycle of deprivation’ of the 1970s; and the ‘underclass’ of the 1980s and 1990s.

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13

Marks, Carole. "The Urban Underclass." Annual Review of Sociology 17, no. 1 (August 1991): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.17.080191.002305.

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14

Harvey, Trevor. "Nurturing an underclass?" British Journal of Healthcare Management 10, no. 3 (March 2004): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2004.10.3.18687.

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15

Morris, Lidia. "The Notion of Underclass." Journal of Economic Sociology 1, no. 1 (2000): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2000-1-67-91.

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16

Lessenich, Stephan. "Du bist Unterschicht." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 36, no. 145 (December 1, 2006): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v36i145.540.

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The current debate in German politics about “Underclass” is critically commented: not the social facts, but naming the facts counts as a scandal. People who belong to the underclass are made responsible for their bad situation.

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17

Welshman, John. "The cycle of deprivation and the concept of the underclass." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 10, no. 3 (October 2002): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/fuhn5601.

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In drawing on the concept of social exclusion, New Labour has been keen to distance itself from the longer-term ‘underclass’ discourse. At the same time, phrases such as ‘cycle of deprivation’ and ‘problem families’ are used with little sense of their earlier history. This article examines Sir Keith Joseph’s theory of the ‘cycle of deprivation’ with regard to the longer-term history of the idea of an underclass. It argues that the cycle of deprivation can be seen as a chronological stepping-stone between related ideas. Nevertheless there are also important differences between the problem family, cycle of deprivation, and underclass formulations.

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18

Stuckey, Mary E., Christopher Jencks, and Paul E. Peterson. "Exploring the Urban Underclass." Public Administration Review 52, no. 3 (May 1992): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/976929.

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19

McCoy, Candace, Thomas G. Blomberg, Stanley Cohen, Chris Clarkson, Rod Morgan, Todd R. Clear, and Michael Tonry. "Sentencing (and) the Underclass." Law & Society Review 31, no. 3 (1997): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3054047.

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20

Sawhill, Isabel V. "What about America’s Underclass?" Challenge 31, no. 3 (May 1988): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05775132.1988.11471249.

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21

CROWTHER, CHRIS. "Thinking about the `Underclass':." Theoretical Criminology 4, no. 2 (May 2000): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480600004002002.

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22

Cameron, Abigail E., Emily R. Cabaniss, and Stephanie M. Teixeira-Poit. "Revisiting the Underclass Debate." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 34, no. 1 (January 4, 2012): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986311428812.

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23

MacDonald, Robert, and Phil Cohen. "A new youth underclass?" Criminal Justice Matters 28, no. 1 (June 1997): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627259708553122.

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24

Bagguley, Paul. "Desperately Seeking the Underclass." Work, Employment & Society 12, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017098012004012.

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25

Bagguley, Paul. "Desperately Seeking the Underclass." Work, Employment and Society 12, no. 4 (December 1998): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017098124012.

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26

REISCHAUER, ROBERT D. "Immigration and the Underclass." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 501, no. 1 (January 1989): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716289501001008.

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27

Bagguley, Paul. "Desperately Seeking the Underclass." Work, Employment and Society 12, no. 4 (December 1998): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950017098000257.

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28

Hoeft, Christoph, Johanna Klatt, Julia Kopp, and Sören Messinger. "Protesting without the ‘Underclass’." Journal of Civil Society 10, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2014.984972.

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29

Wadsworth, Michael E. J. "The emerging British underclass." Social Science & Medicine 32, no. 9 (January 1991): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(91)90169-d.

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30

Gordon, R. R. "Green star and underclass." Lancet 336, no. 8706 (July 1990): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)91575-u.

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31

Young, Alford A. "Herbert Gans and the Politics of Urban Ethnography in the (Continued) Age of the Underclass." City & Community 6, no. 1 (March 2007): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2007.00195.x.

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In his criticism of scholarly and public utilization of the term underclass, Herbert Gans helped to initiate new and more complex thinking about both the kinds of people that constitute America's most disenfranchised urban constituency and the ways in which more privileged Americans have striven to make sense of them. In forwarding his criticism of the term, Gans helped establish a template for ethnographic and qualitative explorations of America's urban poor that breaks with a rigid and vulgar social problems framing and, instead, invites more provocative and more accurate assessments of the agency of such people. In doing so, he has encouraged recent efforts to offer new framings of this population, which have facilitated new cultural projects in qualitative studies of the African American urban poor. This article briefly reviews Gans's criticism of the term underclass, and then elucidates how that criticism relates to some contemporary scholarly efforts to consider people who would be characterized as underclass as more complex cultural actors—and, indeed, who often are more complicated social beings—than is implied by the label underclass.

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32

Minle, SUN. ""Underclass Literature":Imagination,Manifestation,and Structure of the"Underclass"." Critical Theory 2, no. 2 (2018): 90–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.47297/wspctwsp2515-470203.20200202.

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33

Bullen, Elizabeth, and Jane Kenway. "Subcultural capital and the female ‘underclass’? A feminist response to an underclass discourse." Journal of Youth Studies 7, no. 2 (June 2004): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1367626042000238686.

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34

Thomas, William B. "Mental Testing and Tracking for the Social Adjustment of an Urban Underclass, 1920-1930." Journal of Education 168, no. 2 (April 1986): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205748616800203.

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This essay examines the mechanisms used by the public school for socially adjusting an underclass of Italian, Polish, and southern black children who immigrated to Buffalo, New York, in the 1920s. It describes in some detail the activities and goals associated with the institutionalization of mental testing and tracking programs in those public schools serving these young members of an underclass. This essay suggests that as a tool of social control, testing and tracking into special education classes may have discriminated against the unassimilated newcomers who teachers and administrators feared were destined for a life of crime. Finally, the essay illustrates the reactions of interest groups to the school's tracking program, in order to show that members of and advocates for this underclass did not all passively accept the school's treatment of these pupils.

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35

Tyler, Imogen. "The Riots of the Underclass?: Stigmatisation, Mediation and the Government of Poverty and Disadvantage in Neoliberal Britain." Sociological Research Online 18, no. 4 (November 2013): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3157.

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The riots in England in August 2011 comprised one of the most significant events of civil unrest in recent British history. A consensus rapidly emerged, notably within political commentary, print journalism, television and online news media coverage of these five nights of rioting, that these were the riots of the underclass. This article explores how and why the conceptual and perceptual frame of the underclass – a frame through which child poverty and youth unemployment are conceived as consequences of a cocktail of ‘bad individual choices’, an absence of moral judgement, poor parenting, hereditary or genetic deficiencies, and/or welfare dependency – was mobilised as a means of explaining and containing the meaning of these riots. It briefly traces the longer cultural and political history of the underclass as an abjectifying category and then examines how this framing of the riots was used to generate public consent for the shift from protective liberal forms of welfare to penal neoliberal ‘workfare’ regimes. In his response to the riots, Paul Gilroy argued that ‘one of the worst forms of poverty that's shaped our situation is poverty of the imagination’ ( Gilroy 2011 ). Following Gilroy's call for alternative political aesthetics and in order to engender critical sociological perspectives that might contest the downward social mobility and deepening inequalities which neoliberal social and economic policies are affecting, the aim of this article is to fracture the consensus that these were the riots of the underclass. By exposing the underclass as a powerful political myth, it is possible to transform public understandings of poverty and disadvantage and vitalise understandings of neoliberalism as class struggle.

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36

Cox, Craig. "Can Business Help the Underclass?" Business Ethics: The Magazine of Corporate Responsibility 5, no. 2 (1991): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bemag19915271.

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37

Rose, Harold M. "THE UNDERCLASS DEBATE GOES ON." Urban Geography 12, no. 6 (November 1, 1991): 491–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.12.6.491.

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38

Gans, Herbert J. ""Underclass": Problems with the Term." Science 248, no. 4962 (June 22, 1990): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.248.4962.1472.a.

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39

Mountford, Roxanne, Eileen E. Schell, and Theresa Enos. "Gender and the Teaching Underclass." College English 61, no. 5 (May 1999): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/378984.

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40

AOKI, Hideo. "Homeless People as Japan's Underclass." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 16, no. 4 (2011): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.16.4_28.

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41

Kasinitz, P. "Facing up to the Underclass." Telos 1988, no. 76 (July 1, 1988): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3817/0688076170.

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42

Robinson, Fred, and Nicky Gregson. "The 'Underclass': a class apart?" Critical Social Policy 12, no. 34 (June 1992): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026101839201203403.

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43

Mayer, Susan E. "The Underclass Question.Bill E. Lawson." American Journal of Sociology 99, no. 3 (November 1993): 780–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/230331.

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44

Chamberlain, Sara. "Gender, race, and the underclass'." Gender & Development 5, no. 3 (November 1997): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/741922527.

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45

Horan, Cynthia. "Putting Class in the “Underclass”." Labor Studies Journal 41, no. 3 (August 2016): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x16652307.

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46

Macnicol, John. "In Pursuit of the Underclass." Journal of Social Policy 16, no. 3 (July 1987): 293–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400015920.

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ABSTRACTThe 1970s saw a wide ranging debate in Britain, initiated by Sir Keith Joseph, on the apparent existence of a ‘cycle of deprivation’. Most participants viewed this debate as having originated in the 1960s, but in fact versions of the general concept of an inter-generational ‘underclass’ have figured prominently in social debates during the past one hundred years. In particular, in the inter-war period there were several investigations of an hereditary ‘social problem group’, investigations which were crucial to a wider conservative social reformist strategy. These investigations produced inconclusive results, however, because ultimately the underclass is a statistical artefact, the existence of which can only be argued by the use of several serious methodological contradictions.

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47

Dakwar, Jamil. "Underclass Citizens: Palestinians in Israel." Journal of Palestine Studies 35, no. 3 (January 1, 2006): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2006.35.3.62.

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48

Mincy, R. B., I. V. Sawhill, and D. A. Wolf. "The Underclass: Definition and Measurement." Science 248, no. 4954 (April 27, 1990): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.248.4954.450.

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49

Gans, H. J. ""Underclass": Problems with the Term." Science 248, no. 4962 (June 22, 1990): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.248.4962.1472.

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50

MORRIS, L. D. "Is There a British Underclass?" International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 17, no. 3 (September 1993): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1993.tb00229.x.

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