Relevant bibliographies by topics / Undefined

Academic literature on the topic 'Undefined'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Undefined"

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YALÇIN, Barış, Mehmet Burak SELEK, Bayhan BEKTÖRE, Tuğrul HOŞBUL, and Mustafa ÖZYURT. "undefined." TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 44 (2014): 1136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/sag-1310-17.

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ATAMANALP, Sabri Selçuk, Abdulmecit KANTARCI, Bülent AYDINLI, Gürkan ÖZTÜRK, Şükrü ARSLAN, Ercan KORKUT, Metehan GÜMÜŞ, and Abdullah BÖYÜK. "undefined." TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 44 (2014): 1134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/sag-1312-100.

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CRAINE, JOSEPH. "PARADIGMS UNDEFINED." BioScience 56, no. 5 (2006): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0447b:pu]2.0.co;2.

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Davis, M. "Undefined Borders." Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 43, no. 1 (April 1, 2010): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/dialjmormthou.43.1.0135.

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Jones, Chris. "Undefined Terms." Medieval History Journal 20, no. 2 (September 25, 2017): 319–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945817718646.

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Between 1200 and 1350, the meaning attributed to the terms ‘emperor’ and ‘empire’ evolved in France to reflect the growth in power of the Capetian-Valois kings and a concomitant decline in the authority exercised by contemporary Romano-German rulers. Both terms were ubiquitous in France in this period. The fact that neither was adopted to describe the expansion of royal power was because, as this article will demonstrate, its growth was considered a consolidation of existing rights and was limited by deep-seated concerns for legitimacy, neither of which fostered imperial comparisons. At the same time, a multi-layered understanding of imperial terminology developed in France. On one level, ‘empire’ and ‘emperor’ became interchangeable with ‘kingdom’ and ‘king’. Yet imperial vocabulary remained highly malleable. Philip IV’s conflict with the papacy led to the development of specific arguments intended to undermine any subordination of French royal authority to external parties. However, far from becoming irrelevant, the terminology of empire became integral to contemporary French political discourse. It offered solutions to otherwise insoluble problems. The article establishes the way in which the office of emperor came to be understood as, simultaneously, a limited form of temporal kingship but one that encompassed a universal role disassociated from government. Imperial terms were transmuted in French thought from an association with the exercise of universal temporal authority to signify a specialised function. This function was usually, but not exclusively, understood as leadership of the crusade.
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Trenouth, M. J. "Undefined relationships." British Dental Journal 202, no. 11 (June 2007): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bdj.2007.485.

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Budanov, V. M. "Undefined Frequencies Method." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 253, no. 6 (February 27, 2021): 796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-021-05270-0.

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Laurier, Eric, and Chris Philo. "Ethnoarchaeology and Undefined Investigations." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 36, no. 3 (March 2004): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3659.

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Kangas, Antero, and Antti Valmari. "Verification with the Undefined." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 80 (August 2003): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(04)80813-2.

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Cree, I. A., A. J. E. Foss, P. J. Luthert, and Peter McCulloch. "Undefined high-power fields." Lancet 347, no. 8996 (January 1996): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90455-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Undefined"

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Schuett-Hall, Clare A. "Addressing Sexuality: Organizations in Undefined Space." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1027.

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People with disabilities are often desexualized and excluded from many aspects of society. In America, historical and societal conditions contributed to the development of Surrogate Partner Therapy, designed to build client self-awareness and skills in the areas of physical and emotional intimacy. Surrogate Partner Therapists are certified through the International Professional Surrogates Association (IPSA). IPSA and other organizations work in a highly stigmatized field providing sexual education and experiences for marginalized people, including people with disabilities.
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Wang, Xi Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A differential approach to undefined behavior detection." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93071.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-65).
This thesis studies undefined behavior arising in systems programming languages such as C/C++. Undefined behavior bugs lead to unpredictable and subtle systems behavior, and their effects can be further amplified by compiler optimizations. Undefined behavior bugs are present in many systems, including the Linux kernel and the Postgres database. The consequences range from incorrect functionality to missing security checks. This thesis proposes a formal and practical approach, which finds undefined behavior bugs by finding "unstable code" in terms of optimizations that leverage undefined behavior. Using this approach, we introduce a new static checker called STACK that precisely identifies undefined behavior bugs. Applying STACK to widely used systems has uncovered 161 new bugs that have been confirmed and fixed by developers.
by Xi Wang.
Ph. D.
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Gil, Ronald M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The undefined quest for full memory safety." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119551.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-64).
In this thesis, we explore full memory safety and the various intricacies involved. We analyze existing memory safety techniques in both hardware and software and their many different goals. This task involves determining the limits of the protections guaranteed by these different protection systems, regardless of whether they were explicitly or implicitly stated. It is demonstrated that the common software technique of protecting only allocation bounds does not provide nearly enough of a barrier for attackers. Then, we go beyond particular schemes and examine the limitations of languages, C in particular. We discover many corner cases and ambiguities that prevent even the best possible protection system from providing full memory safety in the context of the C language specification. We also collect some results for the prevalence of these issues, present approaches to further analyze them, and consider how they might extend into other languages or systems.
by Ronald Gil.
M. Eng.
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Frick, Jonas. "The Qualities and Aesthetics of Undefined Spaces : in Housing." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129179.

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This project represents a continuous process, where the spaces of the home are being investigated and questioned. The ambition of the project is to analyse the image and the idea of the home, convinced that there is not an objective truth about how we are supposed to live within the home. The concept of the home is a social construction, where the nuclear family is the norm. The reality shows something different. How can we create spaces that are more flexible and generous in their use? The process is an investigation of how architectural objects can generate a housing-typology that is more free and open for the residents to interpret. A vast area divided by architectural components creates a continuous embroidery of specific spatial situations, zones and compositions. The aesthetics of everyday life arises against an abstract background.
Projektet representerar en oavslutad arbetsprocess där hemmet och bostadens rum undersöks och ifrågasätts. Projektets ambition är att analysera och utvärdera idén om bostaden, med en övertygelse om att det inte finns någon objektiv sanning för hur vi ska leva. Bostaden som vi ser den är en social konstruktion, där kärnfamiljen är normen för bostadens utformning. Verkligheten visar något annat. Hur kan vi skapa rum som är mer generella i sin användning? Processen är en undersökning kring hur arkitektoniska objekt generar en bostads-typologi som är mer öppen för tolkning. En öppen yta definierad av arkitektoniska komponenter, skapar ett oavslutat broderi av specifika rumsliga situationer, zoner och kompositioner. Det vardagliga livets estetik uppstår mot en abstrakt bakgrund.
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Cruz, Pedro M. Rodríguez. "Undefined myasthenias : clinical and molecular characterisation and optimised therapy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:90f1b53c-a5ec-4fe3-8589-8ea076fc4cbf.

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Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a group of heterogeneous disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding for proteins that are essential for neuromuscular transmission. All CMS share the clinical feature of fatigable muscle weakness. The differential diagnosis of CMS is wide, with a range of diseases going from autoimmune myasthenia gravis to muscle disorders. In this thesis, it was shown that measuring antibodies to clustered acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) by cell-based assay is helpful in the differential diagnosis of CMS. The findings of the current investigations showed that mutations in COL13A1, encoding the Collagen Type XIII α1 chain, were responsible for the symptoms of several patients with previously undefined myasthenias. In addition, this work described the clinical and complementary features of a novel CMS subtype due to mutations in the glycosylation pathway gene GMPPB. Investigations on a novel MUSK missense mutation (p.Ala617Val) uncovered previously unrecognised mechanisms of how levels of MuSK phosphorylation are critical to maintain synaptic structure, and guided suitable treatment for the patient. The study on the clinical and molecular basis of stridor, a novel clinical feature recently identified in patients with DOK7-CMS, prompted the identification of a novel DOK7 isoform, which warrants further investigation to elucidate its role in AChR clustering. Finally, the therapy of patients with severe AChR-deficiency was optimised thanks to a case series study that showed a robust improvement following the addition of β2-adrenergic agonists to their long-term treatment regime that included pyridostigmine.
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PAPA, RICCARDO. "Diagnosis and treatment of patients with undefined autoinflammatory diseases." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1080199.

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Sterile inflammation characterizes a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiency disorders named autoinflammatory diseases (AID). Less than 30% of AID patients are molecularly defined. To increase the diagnostic rate and treatment outcome in patients with undefined AID, "omics" technologies, as the next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry, and clinical data registries analysis are applied. During the last three years, I described patients with undefined and known rare AID (i.e. RAS-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disease and SAMD9L-associated AID), the first 100 genes and related pathways associated with AID, the actin-related AID, the syndrome of undifferentiated recurrent fever (SURF) and the proteomic signature of monocytes in hereditary recurrent fever. Furthermore, I analyzed the efficacy of the interleukin 1 inhibitors in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome and refractory hyperferritinemic syndromes. Finally, I developed a metadata registry called MeRITA in order to increase the interoperability and data sharing among clinical registries of the European Reference Network on Rare Immunological Disorders (ERN-RITA).
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Kuo, Chia-Li. "Probabilistic reasoning with undefined properties in ontologically-based belief networks." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45338.

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This thesis concerns building probabilistic models with an underlying ontology that defines the classes and properties used in the model. In particular, it considers the problem of reasoning with properties that may not always be defined. Furthermore, we may even be uncertain about whether a property is defined for a given individual. One approach is to explicitly add a value "undefined" to the range of random variables, forming (what we call) extended belief networks. Adding an extra value to a random variable's range, however, has a large computational overhead. In this work, we propose an alternative, ontologically-based belief networks, where properties are only used when they are defined. We show how probabilistic reasoning can be carried out without explicitly using the value "undefined" during inference. This, in general, requires that we perform two probabilistic queries to determine (1) the probability that the hypothesis is defined and (2) the probabilities of the hypothesis given it is defined. We prove this is equivalent to reasoning with the corresponding extended belief network and empirically demonstrate on synthetic models that inference becomes more efficient.
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Pazderka, Julie. "An Undefined Race: The Growth Debate between China and India." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194534.

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In an effort to define which country will succeed in being the first of the two, I have given much attention to the East India Trade Company (EIC) and its influence on both India and China and the impact it has had on the social, political and economic change in both countries. While both countries have started off the same in the first half of the 20th century, their economic difference began with Xiaopings' rule in the late 70's of the 20th century. He is the one responsible for the opening of China, allowing it to have a steady takeoff and accelerate post-Cold War. India on the other hand has been in fear of foreign exploitation due to the EIC, making their development substantially slower. Religious and regional issues are a reason for India to not have enough focus on their human capital and their multi-party government, resulting in an inability to focus on the necessary reformation of the 'red tapes'. Another domestic policy missing in India, but strong in China is human capital, which is a private matter in India, while China has highly invested in it since The Great Leap Forward. Understanding the governance and economic policies of both countries provides an insight to both countries and supports my reasoning as to why I believe that China will - despite its' slowdown, be ahead of the race.
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Foster, Danielle. "Public diplomacy's undefined role policies and themes shaping a new paradigm /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/442931139/viewonline.

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Salami, Yunus. "Risk Management in Reservoir Operations in the Context of Undefined Competitive Consumption." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5478.

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Dams and reservoirs with multiple purposes require effective management to fully realize their purposes and maximize efficiency. For instance, a reservoir intended mainly for the purposes of flood control and hydropower generation may result in a system with primary objectives that conflict with each other. This is because higher hydraulic heads are required to achieve the hydropower generation objective while relatively lower reservoir levels are required to fulfill flood control objectives. Protracted imbalances between these two could increase the susceptibility of the system to risks of water shortage or flood, depending on inflow volumes and operational policy effectiveness. The magnitudes of these risks can become even more pronounced when upstream use of the river is unregulated and uncoordinated so that upstream consumptions and releases are arbitrary. As a result, safe operational practices and risk management alternatives must be structured after an improved understanding of historical and anticipated inflows, actual and speculative upstream uses, and the overall hydrology of catchments upstream of the reservoir. One of such systems with an almost yearly occurrence of floods and shortages due to both natural and anthropogenic factors is the dual reservoir system of Kainji and Jebba in Nigeria. To analyze and manage these risks, a methodology that combines a stochastic and deterministic approach was employed. Using methods outlined by Box and Jenkins (1976), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were developed for forecasting Niger river inflows at Kainji reservoir based on twenty-seven-year-long historical inflow data (1970-1996). These were then validated using seven-year inflow records (1997-2003). The model with the best correlation was a seasonal multiplicative ARIMA (2,1,1)x(2,1,2)12 model. Supplementary validation of this model was done with discharge rating curves developed for the inlet of the reservoir using in situ inflows and satellite altimetry data. By comparing net inflow volumes with storage deficit, flood and shortage risk factors at the reservoir were determined based on (a) actual inflows, (b) forecasted inflows (up to 2015), and (c) simulated scenarios depicting undefined competitive upstream consumption. Calculated high-risk years matched actual flood years again suggesting the reliability of the model. Monte Carlo simulations were then used to prescribe safe outflows and storage allocations in order to reduce futuristic risk factors. The theoretical safety levels achieved indicated risk factors below threshold values and showed that this methodology is a powerful tool for estimating and managing flood and shortage risks in reservoirs with undefined competitive upstream consumption.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
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Books on the topic "Undefined"

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Strategic Foresight Group (Bombay, India) and International Centre for Peace Initiatives., eds. Shifting sands: Instability in undefined Asia. Mumbai: Strategic Foresight Group, 2003.

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le-demoḳraṭyah, Makhon ha-Yiśreʼeli, ed. Tafḳido shel ḥaver ha-Keneset: Tafḳid le-lo hagdarah = The job of the Knesset member : an undefined job. Yerushalayim: ha-Makhon ha-Yiśreʼeli le-demoḳraṭyah, 2019.

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1948-, John Samuel G., Selvalakshmi G, Thomas D, and Institute of Asian Studies (Madras, India), eds. The beatitude undefiled =: Nīlacuvāmi katai. Chennai: Institute of Asian Studies, 1999.

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Maluste, Mridula. An undefiled heritage: The Cathedral & John Connon School. Edited by Doshi Viral, Banerji Mandira, Simões Gita, Mehta Niyati, Cathedral & John Connon School (Bombay, India), and Anglo-Scottish Education Society (Bombay, India). Mumbai: Anglo-Scottish Education Society, 2010.

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Kidkis, UAB. undefined: Undefined. Independently published, 2018.

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Rheinheimer, Madeleine. Undefined. Lulu Press, Inc., 2016.

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Undefined. Anonymous, 2016.

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Verde, Luigi M. Undefined. Blurb, 2013.

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Undefined. Anonymous, 2017.

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unidentified. Undefined. Anonymous, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Undefined"

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Weik, Martin H. "undefined record." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1857. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20373.

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Ariola, Zena, Richard Kennaway, Jan Willem Klop, Ronan Sleep, and Fer-Jan Vries. "Syntactic definitions of undefined: On defining the undefined." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 543–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57887-0_114.

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Daniels, Charles B. "Undefined Definite Descriptions." In Existence and Explanation, 39–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3244-2_4.

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Hintikka, Jaakko. "Truth Defined and Undefined." In The History and Philosophy of Polish Logic, 131–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137030894_7.

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Daňková, Martina. "Quantification over Undefined Truth Values." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 199–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91479-4_17.

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Gries, David, and Fred B. Schneider. "Avoiding the undefined by underspecification." In Computer Science Today, 366–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0015254.

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Murinová, Petra, Michal Burda, and Viktor Pavliska. "Undefined Values in Fuzzy Logic." In Advances in Fuzzy Logic and Technology 2017, 604–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66824-6_53.

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Boelens, Luuk, and Marleen Goethals. "Planning tactics of undefined becoming." In Actor Networks of Planning, 186–202. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, 2016. |: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315714882-12.

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Burda, Michal, Martina Daňková, and Viktor Pavliska. "Sugeno Integral Extended to Undefined Inputs." In Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, 25–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08971-8_3.

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Tenne, Yoel, Kazuhiro Izui, and Shinji Nishiwaki. "Handling Undefined Vectors in Expensive Optimization Problems." In Applications of Evolutionary Computation, 582–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12239-2_60.

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Conference papers on the topic "Undefined"

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Wang, Xi, Haogang Chen, Alvin Cheung, Zhihao Jia, Nickolai Zeldovich, and M. Frans Kaashoek. "Undefined behavior." In the Asia-Pacific Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2349896.2349905.

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Magoulas, K. G. "Characterization of Heavy Undefined Fractions." In SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/64996-ms.

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Pikuleva, N. I., A. Sh Khafizova, and D. A. Gashigullin. "Event Correlation with Undefined Data." In 2021 International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icieam51226.2021.9446460.

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Lee, Juneyoung, Yoonseung Kim, Youngju Song, Chung-Kil Hur, Sanjoy Das, David Majnemer, John Regehr, and Nuno P. Lopes. "Taming undefined behavior in LLVM." In PLDI '17: ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3062341.3062343.

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Al-Dulaimi, Anwer, Nazar Radhi, and H. S. Al-Raweshidy. "Cyclostationary Detection of Undefined Secondary Users." In 2009 Third International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies (NGMAST). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ngmast.2009.101.

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Polito, Guillermo, Stéphane Ducasse, and Luc Fabresse. "First-Class Undefined Classes for Pharo." In IWST '17: International Workshop on Smalltalk Technologies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3139903.3139914.

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Fieback, Moritz, Guilherme Cardoso Medeiros, Anteneh Gebregiorgis, Hassen Aziza, Mottaqiallah Taouil, and Said Hamdioui. "Intermittent Undefined State Fault in RRAMs." In 2021 IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ets50041.2021.9465401.

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Davis, Bob, Larry Gooch, Jamie Foster, Matt Bille, Tony Williams, Lisa Reed, Chris Andrews, and Vic Villhard. "RLV 2000: Planning for the Undefined." In AIAA Space 2003 Conference & Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-6393.

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Utkin, A. V., and V. A. Utkin. "Tracking in parametrically undefined linear systems." In 2014 12th International Conference on Actual Problems of Electronics Instrument Engineering (APEIE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apeie.2014.7040817.

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Borie, Richard B., and Allen S. Parrish. "Improving strategies for handling undefined variables." In the 30th annual Southeast regional conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/503720.503795.

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Reports on the topic "Undefined"

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Núñez Ladevéze, L., T. Vázquez Barrio, and I. Álvarez de Mon Pan de Soraluce. From "deception of the masses" of the critical theory to the "undefined neighborhood" of Bauman. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2019-1374en.

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López-Valverde, Nansi, Antonio López-Valverde, and Jose Antonio Blanco-Rueda. Efficacy of metronidazole on peri-implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0015.

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Review question / Objective: In patients with peri-implantitis, is adjuvant local or systemic treatment with metronidazole effective on signs of inflammation and bone destruction? Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria: a) RCTs (single or double-blind) performed in patients with peri-implantitis defined as bleeding and/or suppuration on peri-implant probing (≥ 4 mm).b) Studies comparing the efficacy of local/systemic metronidazole adjuvant therapy vs. single surgical or non-surgical treatmentc) Articles published in English.Exclusion criteria: a) Less than five patients per treatment group.b) Lack of clinical data on bone destruction.c) Case series or clinical casesd) Undefined cases and non-relevant studies.
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Соловйов, Володимир Миколайович, V. Saptsin, and D. Chabanenko. Financial time series prediction with the technology of complex Markov chains. Transport and Telecommunication Institute, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1145.

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In this research the technology of complex Markov chains, i.e. Markov chains with a memory is applied to forecast financial time-series. The main distinction of complex or high-order Markov chains [1] and simple first-order ones is the existing of after effect or memory. The high-order Markov chains can be simplified to first-order ones by generalizing the states in Markov chains. Considering the “generalized state” as the sequence of states makes a possibility to model high-order Markov chains like first-order ones. The adaptive method of defining the states is proposed, it is concerned with the statistic properties of price returns [2]. According to the fundamental principles of quantum measurement theories, the measurement procedure impacts not only on the result of the measurement, but also on the state of the measured system, and the behaviour of this system in the future remains undefined, despite of the precision of the measurement. This statement, in our opinion, is general and is true not only for physical systems, but to any complex systems [3].
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4

Dorsey, Jessica, and Nilza Amaral. Military drones in Europe. Royal Institute of International Affairs, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784134556.

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The use of armed drones, particularly to conduct targeted killings outside formal war zones, is highly contentious. In the contemporary context, where conflict has moved beyond the theatres of traditional warfare to take place in undefined battle zones, and is chiefly characterized by counterterrorism and counter-insurgency operations, drone use has brought to the fore critical questions on civilian casualties, the rule of law, secrecy and lack of accountability, among others. This paper has been developed as part of a project focusing on the policy implications for the UK and the EU of the use of armed drones. The analysis draws on discussions that took place at two research workshops and a simulation exercise held at Chatham House in 2019. The authors argue that the troubling questions raised by armed drone use should not just be a concern for countries that may use them in permissive ways. The EU and the UK, with a shared interest in upholding democratic values, need to work together on developing guidance on best practice for improving transparency and accountability around the use of armed drones.
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5

Hadlari, T. Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program: activities in the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic Islands. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326088.

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Advancements in the establishment of the geological framework of the Sverdrup Basin resulting from the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program can be grouped under the main topics of tectonostratigraphy, crosslinking of biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, integration of igneous records with newly refined stratigraphy, and effects of global climatic environments on hydrocarbon source rocks in geological time. New discoveries of volcanic ash beds throughout much of the Triassic stratigraphic section required new tectonic interpretations involving a magmatic arc northwest of the basin that was likely involved in the opening of the Amerasia Basin. Modern approaches to biostratigraphy calibrated by radiometric age dating of volcanic ash beds made global correlations to chronostratigraphic frameworks and tectonic models possible. Correlation of the stratigraphy and recent geochronology of the High Arctic large igneous province (HALIP) places the main pulse of mafic magmatism in a postrift setting. Finally, the depositional setting of source rocks in the Sverdrup Basin is explained in terms of oceanographic factors that are related to the global environment. All of these advancements, including hints of undefined and relatively young structural events, lead to the conclusion that the hydrocarbon potential of the Sverdrup Basin has not been fully tested by historical exploration drilling.
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Yan. PR-261-123602-R01 Evaluation of the Corrosiveness of Glycol-Water Mixtures in Dry Gas Transmission Lines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010009.

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This report provides a review of the state-of-the-art knowledge on glycol-water mixtures carried over to dry gas transmission pipelines, i.e., physical properties, the causes of entry, and the corrosiveness. Findings obtained from literature include: Glycol-water mixtures can be potentially accumulated in dry gas transmission pipelines. Operation conditions of the dehydration unit should be optimized to control the amount and corrosiveness of glycol-water being carried over into transmission lines. The glycol-water hold-up in dry gas transmission pipelines contain high glycol content, i.e., greater than 95%. The accumulated glycol-water requires removal by direct drain from liquid traps, or by pigging either with methanol or water. For transmission pipelines transporting natural gas containing CO2, the most likely corrosion mechanism associated with glycol-water mixtures is general corrosion. The corrosion rate has been proven to be low, i.e., much lower than 0.1mm/year. For sour gas transmission pipelines, although general corrosion has been ruled out as a major concern, localized corrosion and HIC can occur in glycol-water mixtures. The rate of localized corrosion and HIC remains undefined. The list of recommendations to minimize the amount of glycol-water mixtures being carried over to dry gas transmission lines and to reduce the corrosion risks is developed. More research is required to study the potential corrosion mechanisms, i.e., pitting and HIC, of pipeline steels in glycol-water mixtures with high glycol content ( greater than 95%) under sour gas conditions.
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7

Cantor, Amy, Heidi D. Nelson, Miranda Pappas, Chandler Atchison, Brigit Hatch, Nathalie Huguet, Brittny Flynn, and Marian McDonagh. Effectiveness of Telehealth for Women’s Preventive Services. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer256.

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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness, use, and implementation of telehealth for women’s preventive services for reproductive healthcare and interpersonal violence (IPV), and to evaluate patient preferences and engagement for telehealth, particularly in the context of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Data sources. Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases (July 1, 2016, to March 4, 2022); manual review of reference lists; suggestions from stakeholders; and responses to a Federal Register Notice. Review methods. Eligible abstracts and full-text articles of telehealth interventions were independently dual reviewed for inclusion using predefined criteria. Dual review was used for data abstraction, study-level risk of bias assessment, and strength of evidence (SOE) rating using established methods. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to heterogeneity of studies and limited available data. Results. Searches identified 5,704 unique records. Eight randomized controlled trials, one nonrandomized trial, and seven observational studies, involving 10,731 participants, met inclusion criteria. Of these, nine evaluated IPV services and seven evaluated contraceptive care, the only reproductive health service studied. Risk of bias was low in one study, moderate in nine trials and five observational studies, and high in one study. Telehealth interventions were intended to replace usual care in 14 studies and supplement care in 2 studies. Delivery modes included telephone (5 studies), online modules (5 studies), and mobile applications (1 study), and was unclear or undefined in five studies. There were no differences between telehealth interventions to supplement contraceptive care and comparators for rates of contraceptive use, sexually transmitted infection, and pregnancy (low SOE); evidence was insufficient for abortion rates. There were no differences between telehealth IPV services versus comparators for outcomes measuring repeat IPV, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, fear of partner, coercive control, self-efficacy, and safety behaviors (low SOE). The COVID-19 pandemic increased telehealth utilization. Barriers to telehealth interventions included limited internet access and digital literacy among English-speaking IPV survivors, and technical challenges and confidentiality concerns for contraceptive care. Telehealth use was facilitated by strategies to ensure safety of individuals who receive IPV services. Evidence was insufficient to evaluate access, health equity, or harms outcomes. Conclusions. Limited evidence suggests that telehealth interventions for contraceptive care and IPV services result in equivalent clinical and patient-reported outcomes as in-person care. Uncertainty remains regarding the most effective approaches for delivering these services, and how to best mobilize telehealth, particularly for women facing barriers to healthcare.
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Roye, Thorsten. Unsettled Technology Areas in Deterministic Assembly Approaches for Industry 4.0. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021018.

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Increased production rates and cost reduction are affecting manufacturing in all sectors of the mobility industry. One enabling methodology that could achieve these goals in the burgeoning “Industry 4.0” environment is the deterministic assembly (DA) approach. The DA approach is defined as an optimized assembly process; it always forms the same final structure and has a strong link to design-for-assembly and design-for-automation methodologies. It also looks at the whole supply chain, enabling drastic savings at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) level by reducing recurring costs and lead time. Within Industry 4.0, DA will be required mainly for the aerospace and the space industry, but serves as an interesting approach for other industries assembling large and/or complex components. In its entirety, the DA approach connects an entire supply chain—from part manufacturing at an elementary level to an OEM’s final assembly line level. Addressing the whole process of aircraft design and manufacturing is necessary to develop further collaboration models between OEMs and the supply chain, including addressing the most pressing technology challenges. Since all parts aggregate at the OEM level, the OEM—as an integrator of all these single parts—needs special end-to-end methodologies to drastically decrease cost and lead time. This holistic approach can be considered in part design as well (in the design-for-automation and design-for-assembly philosophy). This allows for quicker assembly at the OEM level, such as “part-to-part” or “hole-to-hole” approaches, versus traditional, classical assembly methods like manual measurement or measurement-assisted assembly. In addition, it can increase flexibility regarding rate changes in production (such as those due to pandemic- or climate-related environmental challenges). The standardization and harmonization of these areas would help all industries and designers to have a deterministic approach with an end-to-end concept. Simulations can easily compare possible production and assembly steps with different impacts on local and global tolerances. Global measurement feedback needs high-accuracy turnkey solutions, which are very costly and inflexible. The goal of standardization would be to use Industry 4.0 feedback and features, as well as to define several building blocks of the DA approach as a one-way assembly (also known as one-up assembly, or “OUA”), false one-way assembly, “Jig-as-Master,” etc., up to the hole-to-hole assembly approach. The evolution of these assembly principles and the link to simulation approaches are undefined and unsolved domains; they are discussed in this report. They must be discussed in greater depth with aims of (first) clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needs and (second) prioritizing the issues requiring standardization. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
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9

Bennett, Alan B., Arthur A. Schaffer, Ilan Levin, Marina Petreikov, and Adi Doron-Faigenboim. Manipulating fruit chloroplasts as a strategy to improve fruit quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598148.bard.

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The Original Objectives were modified and two were eliminated to reflect the experimental results: Objective 1 - Identify additional genetic variability in SlGLK2 and IPin wild, traditional and heirloom tomato varieties Objective 2 - Determine carbon balance and horticultural characteristics of isogenic lines expressing functional and non-functional alleles of GLKsand IP Background: The goal of the research was to understand the unique aspects of chloroplasts and photosynthesis in green fruit and the consequences of increasing the chloroplast capacity of green fruit for ripe fruit sugars, yield, flavor and nutrient qualities. By focusing on the regulation of chloroplast formation and development solely in fruit, our integrated knowledge of photosynthetic structures/organs could be broadened and the results of the work could impact the design of manipulations to optimize quality outputs for the agricultural fruit with enhanced sugars, nutrients and flavors. The project was based on the hypothesis that photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic plastid metabolism in green tomato fruit is controlled at a basal level by light for minimal energy requirements but fruit-specific genes regulate further development of robust chloroplasts in this organ. Our BARD project goals were to characterize and quantitate the photosynthesis and chloroplast derived products impacted by expression of a tomato Golden 2- like 2 transcription factor (US activities) in a diverse set of 31 heirloom tomato lines and examine the role of another potential regulator, the product of the Intense Pigment gene (IP activities). Using tomato Golden 2-like 2 and Intense Pigment, which was an undefined locus that leads to enhanced chloroplast development in green fruit, we sought to determine the benefits and costs of extensive chloroplast development in fruit prior to ripening. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter, coding and intronicSlGLK2 sequences of 20 heirloom tomato lines were identified and three SlGLK2 promoter lineages were identified; two lineages also had striped fruit variants. Lines with striped fruit but no shoulders were not identified. Green fruit chlorophyll and ripe fruit soluble sugar levels were measured in 31 heirloom varieties and fruit size correlates with ripe fruit sugars but dark shoulders does not. A combination of fine mapping, recombinant generation, RNAseq expression and SNP calling all indicated that the proposed localization of a single locus IP on chr 10 was incorrect. Rather, the IP line harbored 11 separate introgressions from the S. chmielewskiparent, scattered throughout the genome. These introgressions harbored ~3% of the wild species genome and no recombinant consistently recovered the IP parental phenotype. The 11 introgressions were dissected into small combinations in segregating recombinant populations. Based on these analyses two QTL for Brix content were identified, accounting for the effect of increased Brix in the IP line. Scientific and agricultural implications: SlGLK2 sequence variation in heirloom tomato varieties has been identified and can be used to breed for differences in SlGLK2 expression and possibly in the green striped fruit phenotype. Two QTL for Brix content have been identified in the S. chmielewskiparental line and these can be used for increasing soluble solids contents in breeding programs.
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