Relevant bibliographies by topics / Uncooled EGR

Academic literature on the topic 'Uncooled EGR'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Uncooled EGR"

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This, Hervé. "The uncooked egg challenge." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 398, no. 1 (July 10, 2010): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3960-9.

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Bayrakdaroğlu, Ezgi, Şeyma Karatekin, İlknur Kurt, Rengin Şiraneci, Tarık Yıldırım, and Kazım Okan Dolu. "Nadir Bir Akut Hepatit Nedeni: Çiğ Yumurta Kaynaklı Salmonella Sepsisi." Journal of Pediatric Infection 13, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/ced.67601.

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This, Hervé. "Solution to the uncooked egg challenge." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 399, no. 1 (November 11, 2010): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4293-4.

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Martín-Esparza, ME, A. Raga, C. González-Martínez, and A. Albors. "Micronised bran-enriched fresh egg tagliatelle: Significance of gums addition on pasta technological features." Food Science and Technology International 24, no. 4 (January 7, 2018): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013217750683.

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The aim of the work was to produce fibre-enriched fresh pasta based on micronised wheat bran and durum wheat semolina with appropriate techno-functional properties. Wheat semolina was replaced with fine particle size (50% below 75 µm) wheat bran – up to 11.54% (w/w). A Box–Behnken design with randomised response surface methodology was used to determine a suitable combination of carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum and locust bean gum to improve pasta attributes: minimum cooking loss, maximum values for water gain and swelling index, as well as better colour and texture characteristics before and after cooking. The proximate chemical composition of wheat semolina and bran was determined and the microstructure of uncooked pasta was observed as well. From the response surface methodology analysis, it is recommended to use: (i) xanthan gum over 0.6% w/w as it led to bran-enriched pasta with a better developed structure and superior cooking behaviour, (ii) a combination of xanthan gum (0.8% w/w) and carboxymethylcellulose (over 0.6% w/w) to enhance uncooked pasta yellowness.
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Williams, Kristina M., Carmen D. Westphal, and Lisa C. Shriver-Lake. "Determination of Egg Proteins in Snack Food and Noodles." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 1485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.6.1485.

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Abstract Egg is one of the 5 major allergenic foods that are responsible for more than 3/4 of food allergies in children. Food-allergic responses can be controlled by avoidance of the offending foods. The applicability of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for the detection of egg in food products such as cookies, crackers, pretzels, salad dressings, and raw and cooked noodles was evaluated. A preliminary evaluation of an antibody-based biosensor was also performed. A National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) whole dried egg powder reference material, SRM 8415, was used as a standard. A homogeneous and stable aqueous egg suspension was prepared for the evaluation of the performance of the Veratox for Egg Allergen Test (Neogen Corp., Lansing, MI). This test does not detect egg yolk proteins. Each gram of the aqueous dried egg suspension contained 643 μg whole dried egg, 0.5 mg thimerosal, and 2.5 mg bovine serum albumin. When cookies, crackers, salad dressings, noodles, and ice cream were spiked at a level of 24 mg/kg SRM 8415, recoveries for whole egg averaged about 28%. All foods containing egg as indicated on the ingredient label were found positive by the Veratox test. No false positives occurred in samples that did not contain eggs. Similar results were obtained using the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) array biosensor, an evanescent wave fluoroimmunosensor. Results for cooked noodles showed that they contained <1% of the egg found in uncooked noodles. A comparison of extracts from cooked and uncooked noodles by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed differences in protein profiles. The boiling of the noodles could have reduced the immunoreactivity of the egg proteins to the antibodies used in the kit or rendered the egg proteins nonextractable.
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Bayrakdaroğlu, Ezgi, Şeyma Karatekin, İlknur Kurt, Rengin Şiraneci, Tarık Yıldırım, and Kazım Okan Dolu. "A Rare Cause of Acute Hepatitis: Salmonella Sepsis Due to Uncooked Egg." Journal of Pediatric Infection 13, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/ced.201923.

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Clark, A., S. Islam, Y. King, J. Deighton, S. Szun, K. Anagnostou, and P. Ewan. "A longitudinal study of resolution of allergy to well-cooked and uncooked egg." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 41, no. 5 (April 13, 2011): 706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03697.x.

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Vazquez-Ortiz, M., M. Pascal, R. Jiménez-Feijoo, J. Lozano, M. T. Giner, L. Alsina, M. A. Martín-Mateos, and A. M. Plaza. "Ovalbumin-specific IgE/IgG4 ratio might improve the prediction of cooked and uncooked egg tolerance development in egg-allergic children." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 44, no. 4 (March 26, 2014): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.12273.

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Cowden, J. M., D. Chisholm, M. O'Mahony, D. Lynch, S. L. Mawer, G. E. Spain, L. Ward, and B. Rowe. "Two outbreaks of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection associated with the consumption of fresh shell-egg products." Epidemiology and Infection 103, no. 1 (August 1989): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880003034x.

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SUMMARYIn 1988 there were two outbreaks of infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in adjacent local authorities. The first affected 18 of 75 helpers and guests who attended a private function. Investigations revealed that home-made vanilla ice-cream containing uncooked eggs was the vehicle of infection and the causative organism was identified at the premises of the egg producer. The second affected 84 of 422 delegates attending a conference dinner, and 12 of 50 hotel staff at risk. A dessert made with lightly-cooked egg yolk and raw egg white was associated with infection, and the epidemic strain was cultured from the shell of an egg and an environmental sample from the producer's farm. It is of interest that one outbreak involved free-range and one battery-produced eggs, and that in one the vehicle was prepared at home and in the other in commercial premises. In neither incident was any deficiency in standards of egg production or catering practice discovered.
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Armitage, D. B., N. S. Hettiarachchy, and M. A. Monsoor. "Natural Antioxidants as a Component of an Egg Albumen Film in the Reduction of Lipid Oxidation in Cooked and Uncooked Poultry." Journal of Food Science 67, no. 2 (March 2002): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb10650.x.

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Books on the topic "Uncooled EGR"

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Nithikathkul, Choosak, Prasert Saichua, Louis Royal, and John H. Cross. Capillariosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0065.

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Capillaria species are members of the superfamily Trichinelloidae. These worms have a filamentous thin anterior end and a slightly thicker oesophagus which is surrounded by glandular cells or stichocytes. This oesophageal pattern is called stichosomal oesophagus. Capillaria species are parasites which are found in many vertebrate animals. More than two hundred species have been reported in several vertebrate species, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals (Cross 1992; Chitwood et al. 1968), but only three species infect humans. These are Capillaria hepatica , C. aerophila and C. philippinensis (McCarthy and Moore 2000). Of these intestinal capillariosis, a fish-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by C. philippinensis , is the most important. Humans acquire the parasite, C. philippinensis, by eating uncooked or raw freshwater fish (Cross and Basaca-Sevilla 1991). The disease is endemic mainly in Philippines and Thailand where there are many reported fatalities.Although C . hepatica is found in rodents worldwide, only a few cases of hepatic capillariosis have been reported in humans from Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America. The infection is acquired by the ingestion of embryonated eggs from the soil. Female worms deposit eggs in the liver tissue and granulomas develop around the egg. The eggs are released after the rodent is eaten and the liver digested. Eggs pass in the faeces and are deposited in the soil where they embryonate. Avoidance of contaminated soil would prevent human infection and destruction of rodents would control animal infections.Only 12 cases of human infection caused by Capillaria aerophila have been reported, the majority from Russia. The parasite is found within tissue of the respiratory passages of canines and felines worldwide.Anatrichosoma cutaneum (Nematoda, Trichosomoididae), also included in this chapter, is primarily a subcutaneous parasite of monkeys, but there are two reports of cutaneous infections in humans resulting in serpiginous lesions in the skin of the soles, palms, and nasal passages. In addition there is a further suspected case isolated from a breast nodule and a possible case of mucosal lesions in the mouth reported. Whole monkey colonies can be infected with this parasite and control is difficult.
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Book chapters on the topic "Uncooled EGR"

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This-Benckhard, Hervé. "Can a Cooked Egg White Be “Uncooked”?" In Culture of Chemistry, 71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7565-2_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Uncooled EGR"

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Miklánek, L'ubomír, Vojtěch Klír, Miloslav Emrich, and Luděk Pohořelský. "Thermal Balance Method for EGR Rate Determination Usable for Real Engine with Uncooled EGR System." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1114.

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Boot, M. D., C. C. M. Luijten, L. M. T. Somers, U. Eguz, D. D. T. M. van Erp, A. Albrecht, and R. S. G. Baert. "Uncooled EGR as a Means of Limiting Wall-Wetting under Early Direct Injection Conditions." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0665.

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Simescu, Stefan, Thomas W. Ryan, Gary D. Neely, Andrew C. Matheaus, and Bapiraju Surampudi. "Partial Pre-Mixed Combustion with Cooled and Uncooled EGR in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine." In SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0963.

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Botros, K. K., M. J. de Boer, and G. Kibrya. "One-Dimensional Model to Quantify NOx Reduction in Gas Turbines Using EGR." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-270.

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A one dimensional model based on fundamental principles of gas turbine thermodynamics and combustion processes was constructed to quantify the principle of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) for NOx reduction. The model utilizes the commercial process simulation software ASPEN PLUS®. Employing a set of 8 reactions including the Zeldovich mechanism, the model predicted thermal NOx formation as function of amount of recirculation and the degree of recirculate cooling. Results show that addition of sufficient quantities of uncooled recirculate to the inlet air (i.e. EGR>∼4%) could significantly decrease NOx emissions but at a cost of lower thermal efficiency and specific work. Cooling the recirculate also reduced NOx at lower quantities of recirculation. This has also the benefit of decreasing losses in the thermal efficiency and in the specific work output. Comparison of a ‘rubber’ and ‘non-rubber’ gas turbine confirmed that residence time is one important factor in NOx formation.
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Johnson, Derek, Marc Besch, Nathaniel Fowler, Robert Heltzel, and April Covington. "Addition of Exhaust Gas Recirculation Onto a Large-Bore, Two-Stroke Natural Gas Engine, and its Effects on Fuel Consumption, Emissions, and Combustion." In ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2016-9457.

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The focus of this research was to examine the effects of adding exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on a large bore 2-stroke, lean-burn natural gas (2SLB) engine in its stock configuration, using a previously determined optimal spark plug. EGR has been a common emissions reduction technology used for on-road gasoline, natural gas, and diesel fueled vehicles. EGR — both cooled and uncooled — is found in nearly all on-road and many off-road engines. The optimal spark plug was found in other research and it was tested with various rates of EGR. The test platform was a 1971 Cameron AJAX-E42 single-cylinder engine — common to the natural gas industry. The engine had a bore and stroke of 8.5 × 10 inches, respectively. The engine displacement was 567 cubic inches with a trapped compression ratio of 6:1. The engine was modified to include electronic spark plug timing capabilities along with a mass flow controller to ensure accurate fuel delivery. Each EGR configuration was examined at spark timings of 14, 11, and 8 CAD BTDC. Tests were conducted using an air-cooled, eddy-current power absorber at an engine speed of 525 RPM and load of 400 1b.-ft. of torque. Due to its large thermal inertia, the engine was operated for three hours prior to data collection to ensure representative and operation. In-cylinder pressure data were collected using a piezoelectric pressure transducer at increments of 0.25 CAD. Various levels of EGR and spark timing conditions were evaluated against engine performance including both regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions. Volumetric EGR rates of 2.5% showed reduced NOx emissions and improved fuel efficiency while rates of 5% did not yield NOx reductions.
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d’Ambrosio, Stefano, Alessandro Mancarella, Andrea Manelli, and Nicolò Salamone. "Effect of the application of an uncooled high-pressure EGR strategy in low-load diesel PCCI operation." In SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5138788.

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Bharath, Anand Nageswaran, Nitya Kalva, Rolf D. Reitz, and Christopher J. Rutland. "Use of Early Exhaust Valve Opening to Improve Combustion Efficiency and Catalyst Effectiveness in a Multi-Cylinder RCCI Engine System: A Simulation Study." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5534.

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Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) strategies such as Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) can result in significant improvements of fuel economy and emissions reduction. However, they can produce significant carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions at low load operating conditions due to poor combustion efficiencies at these operating points, which is a consequence of the low combustion temperatures that cause the oxidation rates of these species to slow down. The exhaust gas temperature is also not high enough at low loads for effective performance of turbocharger systems and diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC). The DOC is extremely sensitive to exhaust gas temperature changes and lights off only when a certain temperature is reached, depending on the catalyst specifications. Uncooled EGR can increase combustion temperatures, thereby improving combustion efficiency, but high EGR concentrations of 50% or more are required, thereby increasing pumping work and reducing volumetric efficiency. However, with early exhaust valve opening, the exhaust gas temperature can be much higher, allowing lower EGR flow rates, and enabling activation of the DOC for more effective oxidization of unburnt hydrocarbons and CO in the exhaust. In this paper, a multi-cylinder engine system simulation of RCCI at low load operation with early exhaust valve opening is presented, along with consideration of the exhaust aftertreatment system. The combustion process is modeled using the 3D CFD code, KIVA, and the heat release rates obtained from this combustion are used in a GT-Power model of a turbocharged, multi-cylinder light-duty RCCI engine for a full system simulation. The post-turbine exhaust gas is fed into GT-Power’s aftertreatment model of the engine’s DOC to determine the catalyst response. It is confirmed that opening the exhaust valve earlier increases the exhaust gas temperature, and hence lower EGR flow rates are needed to improve combustion efficiency. It was also found that exhaust temperatures of around 457 K are required to light off the catalyst and oxidize the unburnt hydrocarbons and CO effectively. Performance of the DOC was drastically improved and higher amounts of unburnt hydrocarbons were oxidized by increasing the exhaust gas temperature.
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Reports on the topic "Uncooled EGR"

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Koenig, J. F., and R. M. Lell. Prediction of temperature in an uncooled EBR-II subassembly heated by fission product decay. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/714610.

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