Relevant bibliographies by topics / Unconscious

Academic literature on the topic 'Unconscious'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Unconscious"

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Popoli, Paolo. "Consciousness and Unconsciousness in Outsourcing: A Conceptual Integrated Model." Journal of Business and Economics 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2019): 621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/07.10.2019/004.

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This paper aims to highlight the role of unconsciuos factors in outsourcing choices, with particular reference to the strategic outsourcing, in which some cultural dimensions play a significant role, conditioning the decision-making process even unconsciously. In fact, even though managers always claim to be able to manage outsourcing relationships based on rational and conscious factors, they are inevitably affect by their personal and organizational culture, and in particular by some irrational or unconscious factors which affect their evaluations and decisions. That is, the aim of this paper is to identify these factors and to provide a conceptual framework to highlight these factors’ interdependence outsourcing choices. Methodologically, this paper is conceptual in nature, based on reviewing existing research, and strives to contribute to existent literature putting together the theoretical concerns about both organizational culture and strategic outsourcing. The findings of this study showed that, along with the rational factors involved in making outsourcing choices, there are some cultural factors affecting attitudes and evaluations towards outsourcing unconsciously; this study contributes to the advancement of knowledge and provides a conceptual integrated model underlining how consciuos and unconscious factors interact in outsourcing choices.
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Dijksterhuis, Ap, Maarten W. Bos, Andries van der Leij, and Rick B. van Baaren. "Predicting Soccer Matches After Unconscious and Conscious Thought as a Function of Expertise." Psychological Science 20, no. 11 (November 2009): 1381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02451.x.

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In two experiments, we investigated the effects of expertise and mode of thought on the accuracy of people's predictions. Both experts and nonexperts predicted the results of soccer matches after conscious thought, after unconscious thought, or immediately. In Experiment 1, experts who thought unconsciously outperformed participants in all other conditions. Whereas unconscious thinkers showed a correlation between expertise and accuracy of prediction, no such relation was observed for conscious thinkers or for immediate decision makers. In Experiment 2, this general pattern was replicated. In addition, experts who thought unconsciously were better at applying diagnostic information than experts who thought consciously or who decided immediately. The results are consistent with unconscious-thought theory.
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van Gaal, Simon, Lionel Naccache, Julia D. I. Meuwese, Anouk M. van Loon, Alexandra H. Leighton, Laurent Cohen, and Stanislas Dehaene. "Can the meaning of multiple words be integrated unconsciously?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1641 (May 5, 2014): 20130212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0212.

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What are the limits of unconscious language processing? Can language circuits process simple grammatical constructions unconsciously and integrate the meaning of several unseen words? Using behavioural priming and electroencephalography (EEG), we studied a specific rule-based linguistic operation traditionally thought to require conscious cognitive control: the negation of valence. In a masked priming paradigm, two masked words were successively (Experiment 1) or simultaneously presented (Experiment 2), a modifier (‘not’/‘very’) and an adjective (e.g. ‘good’/‘bad’), followed by a visible target noun (e.g. ‘peace’/‘murder’). Subjects indicated whether the target noun had a positive or negative valence. The combination of these three words could either be contextually consistent (e.g. ‘very bad - murder’) or inconsistent (e.g. ‘not bad - murder’). EEG recordings revealed that grammatical negations could unfold partly unconsciously, as reflected in similar occipito-parietal N400 effects for conscious and unconscious three-word sequences forming inconsistent combinations. However, only conscious word sequences elicited P600 effects, later in time. Overall, these results suggest that multiple unconscious words can be rapidly integrated and that an unconscious negation can automatically ‘flip the sign’ of an unconscious adjective. These findings not only extend the limits of subliminal combinatorial language processes, but also highlight how consciousness modulates the grammatical integration of multiple words.
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Quilty-Dunn, Jake. "Unconscious perception and phenomenal coherence." Analysis 79, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/any022.

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Abstract It is an orthodoxy in cognitive science that perception can occur unconsciously. Recently, Hakwan Lau, Megan Peters and Ian Phillips have argued that this orthodoxy may be mistaken. They argue that many purported cases of unconscious perception fail to rule out low degrees of conscious awareness while others fail to establish genuine perception. This paper presents a case of unconscious perception that avoids these problems. It also advances a general principle of ‘phenomenal coherence’ that can insulate some forms of evidence for unconscious perception from the methodological critiques of Lau, Peters and Phillips.
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Jensen, Anthony K. "The Unconscious in History: Eduard von Hartmann among Schopenhauer, Schelling, and Hegel." Journal of the Philosophy of History 16, no. 3 (December 28, 2022): 271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341481.

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Abstract This article exams the philosophy of history of the now mostly-forgotten 19th Century philosopher, Eduard von Hartmann. Hartmann inverts Hegel’s rational teleology by his reliance on a notion of ‘unconscious ideas’. Purposes are a species of idea. All natural things, including unintelligent natural things, will purposes of which they are often not conscious. These unconscious ideas cannot be held by natural beings that lack intellect, so there must be some supra-naturalistic being, which Hartmann names the Metaphysical Unconscious, that imposes purposes on unconsciously-acting agents. The course of human history is the gradual becoming-conscious of the ends posited by the Metaphysical Unconscious. Insofar as nature always achieves the purposes of the Metaphysical Unconscious this is the best of all possible worlds. Insofar as those purposes are realized irrespective of human happiness, historical progress becomes the gradual assurance of human misery.
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Hu, Xiao Tao. "A Study of Sustainable Design Based on Unconscious Behavior." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 1920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.1920.

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Nowadays, a lot of people engage in unsustainable daily behavior unconsciously, although most of them worry about the state of our natural environment. Designers can find ideas in people’s unconscious saving behavior and wasting behavior, and then realize these ideas into design. Based upon the case studies, the paper gives hints how to realize ideas derived from unconscious behavior into sustainable design.
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Stern, Donnel B. "Unconscious Fantasy versus Unconscious Relatedness." Contemporary Psychoanalysis 46, no. 1 (January 2010): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107530.2010.10746041.

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Wachtel, Paul L. ""The unconscious" and unconscious processes." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 28, no. 2 (April 1987): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079896.

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Emmanouil, Tatiana Aloi, Philip Burton, and Tony Ro. "Unconscious Processing of Unattended Features in Human Visual Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 3 (March 2013): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00320.

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Unconscious processing has been convincingly demonstrated for task-relevant feature dimensions. However, it is possible that the visual system is capable of more complex unconscious operations, extracting visual features even when they are unattended and task irrelevant. In the current study, we addressed this question by measuring unconscious priming using a task in which human participants attended to a target object's shape while ignoring its color. We measured both behavioral priming effects and priming-related fMRI activations from primes that were unconsciously presented using metacontrast masking. The results showed faster RTs and decreases in fMRI activation only when the primes were identical to the targets, indicating that primes were processed both in the attended shape and the unattended color dimensions. Reductions in activation were observed in early visual areas, including primary visual cortex, as well as in feature-responsive areas for shape and color. These results indicate that multiple features can be unconsciously encoded and possibly bound using the same visual networks activated by consciously perceived images.
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Eppert, Nicholas. "(Black) Non-Analysis: From the Restrained Unconscious to the Generalized Unconscious." Labyrinth 19, no. 2 (March 14, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25180/lj.v19i2.96.

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This paper is a contribution to the ongoing studies revolving around the fields of Afro-Pessimism and Non-Philosophy. It is focused mostly on a short essay that Francois Laruelle wrote in 1989 called "The Concept of Generalized Analysis or 'Non-Analysis" that eventually became part of a larger work called Theorie des Etrangers, while also drawing on the latter for support. The focus is set not in terms of exegesis or commentary but in tandem with the work of Frank Wilderson III to borrow from both of their works and formulate a move from the "White restrained Unconscious" to the "(Black) generalized Unconscious". In the first section I articulate Laruelle and Wilderson's critiques of the common-sense image of the Unconscious. And in the second section I make the move from the White restrained Unconscious to the (Black) generalized Unconscious by arguing that the former is embedded within a metaphysical sovereignty of desires that excludes (Black) desires. The "White restrained Unconscious" is constituted by what Laruelle calls a "half loss" or a loss which loses itself. For this reason the (Black) generalized Unconscious cannot appear within it, for it is an absolute loss, or what Laruelle calls the Joui-sans-Jouissance. The White generalized Unconsicous blocks (Black) loss out by a transference mechanism. The opening up of the White restrained Unconscious to the (Black) generalized Unconscious which is its Identity in the last instance can only be done by "ending the World". Using Jared Sexton's notion of the "social life of social death" I show that this desire to end the world allows for a seeing from perspective of the "One" which is the subject position of the (Black) Non-Analyst and allows for a dualysis of the desires of the White restrained Unconscious. Â
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Unconscious"

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Barbosa, Leonardo S. "The predictive unconscious : how predictions shape unconscious perception." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE029.

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L’un des phénomènes naturels probablement des plus communs et pourtant des moins compris, la conscience, s’est longtemps trouvé restreint à des considérations purement philosophiques et métaphysiques. Ces dernières décennies, scientifiques et philosophes ont pu s’atteler à son étude, en l’opérationnalisant.Dans le même temps, une quantité croissante de données suggère que notre cerveau est constamment en train de prédire des entrées sensorielles, et que chaque niveau de l’organisation hiérarchique du cortex génère en continu les représentations de telles prédictions, ainsi que le décalage entre ces prédictions et l’entrée réelle.Dans ma thèse, j’ai exploré comment cette capacité surprenante de notre cerveau à générer des prédictions est connectée à notre expérience consciente.Plus spécifiquement, j’ai étudié comment ces prédictions peuvent impacter les traitements inconscients, et la différence par rapport aux traitements conscients. Ce travail montre que la latéralisation de l’activité électrophysiologiqueoscillatoire du cerveau peut être un marqueur important; et comment les prédictions affectent le traitement inconscient. De plus,il montre que les attentes peuvent entrainer un traitement inconscient au point d’impacter un comportement orienté vers un but. Il souligne également que les prédictions affectant les traitements conscient et inconscientemploient différents mécanismes neuronaux.J’avance l’idée que la conscience pourrait être nécessaire pour le développement de nouvelles prédictions. Finalement, je montre que les prédictions peuvent changer la qualité du traitement inconscient. Intégrant ces résultats à la littérature existante, je discute les caractéristiques d’une possible théorie prédictive de la conscience
During the last decades, philosophical and scientific developments allowed the flourishing of the scientific study of consciousness. Probably one of the most common and yet least understood of natural phenomena, until last century consciousness was mainly restricted to pure philosophical and metaphysical accounts. Through the operationalization of consciousness, scientists have been able to endeavor in the seemingly elusive investigation of the cognitive function of consciousness.At the same time, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that our brain is constantly predicting its sensory inputs. Each level in the hierarchical organization of the cortex is continuously generating representations of such predictions and also the mismatch between predictions and actual input.The highly structured regularity of sensory information would allow our brain to make predictions about its environment and help it to make sense of the world.In my thesis I explored how the surprising ability of our brains to generate predictions is connected to our conscious experience. More specifically, I investigated how predictions can impact unconscious processes, and the corresponding contrast with respect to conscious processes. In my experimental contributions, I tried to to delineate how behavioral and neural responsesto unconscious stimuli can be affected by predictions. In my first study, I investigated how neural markers of predictive mechanisms can index unconscious behavior, and how predictions can impact unconscious stimulus processing. I show that the lateralization of oscillatory electrophysiological brain activity can be an important marker of how predictionsaffect unconscious processing. Moreover, I show that expectations can drive unconscious processing up to the point of goal-directed behavior.In my second and third studies I investigated the behavioral and electrophysiological responses of unconscious processing under predictive contexts, and how they differ from the conscious ones. I demonstrate that predictions affecting conscious and unconscious processing engage different neural mechanisms. I push forward the idea that consciousness might be necessary for the development of new predictions. Finally, I show that predictions can change the quality of unconscious accumulation of evidence.I discuss how predictions can help to understand the cognitive function of consciousness in the light of these results and other recent developments in the literature. I discuss possible constraints for this contribution under the light of current theories of consciousness
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Cravenho, David M. "Conscious/Unconscious /." Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11514.

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Meendering, Joshua. "The unconscious Everest." Thesis, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10244701.

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This two-rater study sought to identify psychological defense mechanisms in the climbers of the 1996 Mount Everest climbing disaster through two sources documenting the event, a biographical interview documentary titled “Storm Over Everest,” (Breashears, 2008) and a written autobiography titled “Into Thin Air” (Krakauer, 1997). The two raters’ objectives were to locate and identify defense mechanisms in the material through verbal excerpts or descriptions of behaviors. Once the researchers coded the data and reached consensus, the defense mechanisms were ordered using Vaillant’s (1993) hierarchy of defense mechanisms. The current study identified high levels of psychotic defenses (i.e., Psychotic Denial) in the 1996 Mount Everest climbers prior to the storm and disaster striking. The climbers who continued to use denial after the storm hit were negatively impacted, while the climbers who used more adaptive defenses were positively impacted. This study’s results suggest that the 1996 Mount Everest climbers’ defense mechanisms became more flexibly adaptive once the climbers were caught in the storm. This in turn suggests that the more adaptive a person’s unconscious defense mechanisms, the more likely he or she may be able to adjust to the internal and external environment.

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Freer, Alexander William. "The Wordsworthian unconscious." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709519.

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Brams, Janis A. "Writing and the unconscious." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/409.

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Rebello, J. P. "Unconscious reasons : the explanation of human actions and the idea of an unconscious mind." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375984.

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Mealor, Andrew D. "Conscious and unconscious : passing judgment." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45262/.

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The extent to which conscious and unconscious mental processes contribute to our experiences of learning and the subsequent knowledge has been subject to great debate. Dual process theories of implicit learning and recognition memory bear many resemblances, but there are also important differences. This thesis uses subjective measures of awareness to explore these themes using the artificial grammar learning (AGL) and remember/know (R/K) procedures. Firstly, the relationship between response times associated with intuition and familiarity based responding (conscious judgment of unconscious structural knowledge) compared to rule and recollection based responding (conscious structural knowledge) in AGL were found to be strikingly similar to remembering and knowing; their R/K analogues. However, guessing (unconscious judgment knowledge) was also distinct from intuition and familiarity based responding. Secondly, implicit learning in AGL was shown to occur at test, which would not be expected in R/K. Finally, wider theories of cognition, unconscious thought and verbal overshadowing, were shown to have measurable effects on AGL and R/K respectively. The approach used in this thesis shows the merits of both in-depth analysis within a given method combined with the synthesis of seemingly disparate theories. This thesis has built upon the important distinction between conscious and unconscious structural knowledge but also suggests the conscious-unconscious division for judgment knowledge may be as important. Implicit learning and recognition memory tasks differ in the kinds of mental processes that subjective measures are sensitive toward; particularly so in situations where judgment knowledge is unconscious. Different theories and methods divide nature in different ways; the conscious-unconscious judgment distinction may prove an important one.
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Gray, Katie L. H. "Unconscious processing of emotional faces." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/341583/.

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Due to capacity limits, the brain must select important information for further processing. Evolutionary-based theories suggest that emotional (and specifically threat-relevant) information is prioritised in the competition for attention and awareness (e.g. Ohman & Mineka, 2001). A range of experimental paradigms have been used to investigate whether emotional visual stimuli (relative to neutral stimuli) are selectively processed without awareness, and attract visual attention (e.g. Yang et al., 2007). However, very few studies have used appropriate control conditions that help clarify the extent to which observed effects are driven by the extraction of emotional meaning from these stimuli, or their low-level visual characteristics (such as contrast, or luminance). The experiments in this thesis investigated whether emotional faces are granted preferential access to awareness and which properties of face stimuli drive these effects. A control stimulus was developed to help dissociate between the extraction of emotional information and low-level accounts of the data. It was shown that preferential processing of emotional information is better accounted for by low-level characteristics of the stimuli, rather than the extraction of emotional meaning per se. Additionally, a robust ‘face’ effect was found across several experiments. Investigation of this effect suggested that it may not be driven by the meaningfulness of the stimuli as it was also apparent in an individual that finds it difficult to extract information from faces. Together these findings suggest that high-level information can be extracted from visual stimuli outside of awareness, but the prioritisation afforded to emotional faces is driven by low-level characteristics. These results are particularly timely given continued high-profile debate surrounding the origins of emotion prioritisation (e.g. Tamettio & de Gelder, 2010; Pessoa & Adolphs, 2010).
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黃淸華 and Ching-wa Wong. "On Freud's theory of the unconscious." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3121471X.

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The Best MPhil Thesis in the Faculties of Architecture, Arts, Business& Economics, Education, Law and Social Sciences (University of HongKong), Li Ka Shing Prize, 1995-1997
published_or_final_version
Philosophy
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Blue, Ruth Isabel Victoria. "Circles and repetitions : habit and unconscious." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271819.

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Books on the topic "Unconscious"

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Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice. Unconscious truths. New York: Avon Books, 1998.

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Sennett, Richard, 1943- writer of added commentary, Sennett Richard 1943-, and Sennett Richard 1943-, eds. Unconscious places. München: Schirmer/Mosel, 2012.

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Easthope, Anthony. Unconscious. Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.

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Sauvayre, Pascal, and David Braucher. Unconscious. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Williams, Terry. Unconscious. Lulu Press, Inc., 2016.

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Mollon, Phil. Unconscious. Icon Books, Limited, 2000.

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Easthope, Anthony. Unconscious. Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.

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Easthope, Anthony. Unconscious. Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.

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Easthope, Anthony. Unconscious. Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.

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Unconscious. Routledge, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Unconscious"

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Sayers, Janet. "Unconscious." In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, 2025–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_321.

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Boeving, Nicholas Grant. "Unconscious." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 2413–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_718.

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Boeving, Nicholas Grant. "Unconscious." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 1838–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_718.

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Boeving, Nicholas Grant, Daniel E. Tyler, and John Eric Killinger. "Unconscious." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 933. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71802-6_718.

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Berressem, Hanjo. "The Unconscious of the Unconscious (of the Unconscious)." In Therapie der Dinge?, 147–72. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839464762-008.

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Merchant, John. "Collective Unconscious." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 761–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1367.

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Merchant, John. "Personal Unconscious." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 3527–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1409.

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Longhofer, Jeffrey. "Collective unconscious." In A-Z of Psychodynamic Practice, 39–40. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-03387-1_13.

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Haule, John Ryan. "Collective Unconscious." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 465–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_119.

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Dincer, Duygu. "Existential Unconscious." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 850–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_200189.

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Conference papers on the topic "Unconscious"

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Tosa, Naoko. "Unconscious flow." In ACM SIGGRAPH 99 Electronic art and animation catalog. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/312379.312408.

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Cristani, Marco, Alessandro Vinciarelli, Cristina Segalin, and Alessandro Perina. "Unveiling the multimedia unconscious." In the 21st ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2502081.2502280.

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Karashima, Mitsuhiko, and Yuko Ishibashi. "Unconscious transmission of human feelings." In 2006 SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sice.2006.315601.

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Ruijten, Peter A. M., Cees J. H. Midden, and Jaap Ham. "Unconscious persuasion needs goal-striving." In the 6th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2467803.2467807.

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Dark, S. M. "The unconscious mind rulesin absentia." In SUSTAINABLE CITY 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sc160501.

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Uehira, Kazutake, and Hirotsugu Yamamoto. "New display technology for unconscious information." In 2011 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ias.2011.6074365.

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Johnson, Tiffani J. "Unconscious Racial Bias in Academic Pediatrics." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.370.

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Shimada, Michihiro, Takashi Minato, Shoji Itakura, and Hiroshi Ishiguro. "Evaluation of Android Using Unconscious Recognition." In 2006 6th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichr.2006.321378.

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Nakanishi, Isao. "Unconscious Biometrics for Continuous User Verification." In the 8th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3015166.3015180.

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Wang, Wanying. "Curriculum, Poetic Inquiry, and the Unconscious." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1690609.

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Reports on the topic "Unconscious"

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Laureys, Steven. Communicating with seemingly unconscious patients. Edited by Tasha Wibawa. Monash University, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/6c7d-24dc.

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Martin, Eric D. Unconscious Provocations - America and Japan Before 1941. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada561362.

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Julia Mossbridge & Garret Moddel, Julia Mossbridge &. Garret Moddel. Can our unconscious minds predict the stock market? Experiment, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/3356.

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Великодна, Мар’яна Сергіївна. Psychoanalytic Study on Psychological Features of Young Men «Millionaires» in Modern Provincial Ukraine. Theory and Practice of Modern Psychology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3873.

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The article is based on three cases of private psychoanalytic work with successful businessmen from central and northern parts of Ukraine. The research methodology was psychoanalytic theories devoted to the unconscious meanings of money and the role of money in the psychoanalytic setting, including object theory, drive theory, psychosexual development theory, narcissism theory, Oedipus complex, transference and resistance. What presents the interest of this study are the cases when those who grew up in poverty finally obtains such a desired object — money, wealth, however, something unconscious hinders this person to get satisfied by it and even to admit obtaining it. The presented clinical work was conducted as classic psychoanalysis in person with different duration: 5, 10 and 46 months. Men were asked to tell whatever comes to mind: thoughts, memories, dreams, phantasies, feelings etc. The role of psychoanalyst was to hear specific connections between patient’s stories and to analyze them together with the patient. The cases presented highlight several psychological features of young men «millionaires» who suffer from their own success. 1. Sensitivity to Father’s (real or symbolic) acceptance of their business and financial success. 2. Activation of unconscious Oedipus complex and Complex of castration because of the risk to dethrone the Father in reality, with experiences of guilt, fear and expectation of punishment. 3. Projection of their own envy, hate, wish to avenge and killing phantasies into external objects (friends, partners, psychoanalyst) with building individual defensive strategies from them. These psychological features were associated not only with suffering and psychopathological symptoms but also with impossibility to continue business development. In addition, the cases analyzed in the article show some difficulties in building business connected with the generations gap. Fathers from the USSR or the 90s teach their sons to act in the way that is not relevant for successful careers nowadays. This latent or manifested struggle between generations may be an important factor in abovementioned psychological features.
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Gallinari, Luciano. Between Mythopoiesis, Stereotypes and unconscious Projections. Some case studies of the Historiography on medieval Sardinia (19th-21st centuries). Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/itma.2019.13.03.

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Corscadden, Louise, and Arpaporn Sutipatanasomboon. What Is Operant Behavior And How To Study It. Maze Engineers, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/me2022127.

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Operant behavior describes a type of voluntary goal-directed actions in animals based on the repercussions of previous occurrences. It develops when animals learn to specifically respond to recurring situations based on the outcome of their past experience. American psychologist B.F. Skinner was the first to use operant to describe the behaviors he observed in his landmark experiments in laboratory animals. Operant behavior and conditioning refine the nuance between conscious and unconscious behavioral responses, which influence psychology, and applied behavior analysis, and improve our understanding of addiction, substance dependence, child development, and decision-making.
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Duryea, Suzanne, Jaime Millán-Quijano, Judith Morrison, and Yanira Ovideo Gil. Measuring Racial Bias in Employment Services in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012870.

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In this paper, we document de facto, implicit, and explicit racial biases within the public employment service in Colombia. By combining administrative data about job seekers and job openings with direct surveys to job counselors, including a Race Implicit Association Test, we compute different types of racial bias. We find that while job counselors do not self-report biased attitudes against Afro-descendant individuals, the majority exhibit high levels of implicit bias, which also correlates strongly with observed lower referral rates of Afro-descendants to job openings. In addition, we randomly provide information to job counselors about their implicit bias and test if this information changes their referral behavior. While we demonstrate that the implicit bias of counselors is a major contributor to racial gaps in labor outcomes, we do not find that providing feedback on this unconscious bias changes their referral behavior.
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Balza, Lenin, Lina M. Díaz, Nicolás Gómez Parra, and Osmel Manzano. Are We Missing Something When Measuring Citizens' Perceptions of the Extractive Industry? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005304.

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We study individual preferences and public beliefs surrounding extractive industries in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region using a metaphor elicitation technique instead of standard stated self-reported questions. Combining qualitative one-on-one interviews in Guyana and Venezuela with national surveys in 12 LAC countries, we uncover deep metaphors and narratives shaping citizens views. The findings reveal key narratives centered around environmental, economic, and social impacts, as well as governance and local participation. Sentiment analysis indicates polarized opinions on extractive industries. The study highlights the importance of considering emotional and unconscious mental models in shaping individual preferences, which is often overlooked in traditional survey-based methodologies. Our findings could contribute to more nuanced policy interventions and conflict resolution strategies in the extractive sector. Broadly, alternative tools to stated preference surveys are valuable for researchers and policymakers to understand public sentiment across various issues and contexts.
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Linehan, Margaret, and Corina Sheerin. The Black Ceiling: Employment Experiences of Women of Colour in Southwest Ireland. Munster Technological University, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34719/vuzy6228.

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This report presents valuable insights of the lived experiences of women of colour in the labour market in southwest Ireland. Their voices articulate a perceived double challenge of being both female and persons of colour, challenges not shared by male persons of colour or generally by white persons in organizations. Some of these challenges arise from misunderstandings, unwarranted preconceptions, conscious and unconscious biases, but sometimes from an insensitive blending of racist and misogynist attitudes. The importance of educating the wider labour market, and society in general, to the sensitivities of these employees is apparent from this report. Proactive implementation of positive organizational policies was also espoused by the interviewed employers. These employers recounted how they make extra efforts to make their workplaces more inviting for these employees. As well as reaching out with extra supports to genuinely support the wellbeing of these employees, the employers acknowledge that a better and happier work environment contributes to improved work outcomes, including greater staff retention. This report provides a positive contribution to stakeholders in the overall labour market by highlighting first-hand perspectives of women of colour in employment contexts. As well as contributing to the literature and providing practice-led policy recommendations, this report can usefully be shared by talent management staff and human resource managers during induction training and as a contribution to continual personal development.
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Aremu, Fatai. Donor Action for Empowerment and Accountability in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.015.

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Multiple development actors are interested in stimulating more inclusive fiscal governance. Efforts to generate greater budget transparency, citizen participation in resource allocation, and public oversight of government spending are commonplace. How can development donors and lenders support such efforts, and what are their limitations? How do their attempts to do so interact? Exploring the outcomes of two projects in the Nigerian States of Jigawa and Kaduna provide some answers to these questions. The projects pursue overlapping goals, but with different approaches. The Partnership to Engage, Reform and Learn (PERL) programme funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office works in a granular and contextually adapted way in each state to construct joint government and civil initiatives that test and embed citizen engagement and oversight approaches. The World Bank States Financial Transparency Accountability and Sustainability (SFTAS) initiative offers financial incentives to states if they meet a set of common public financial management benchmarks. Their actions have been complementary in several ways, despite significant contextual differences between the states in terms of conflict dynamics and prevailing citizen–state relations. The projects also reinforced each other’s efforts on public procurement reform in Kaduna State. However, in Jigawa State, SFTAS incentives to pass a procurement law following a standard template failed to codify and may indeed reverse gains from longstanding PERL efforts supporting transparency. This illustrates how donors with similar reform objectives in the same contexts can unconsciously undermine existing efforts towards overarching public accountability goals.
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