Journal articles on the topic 'Umbel inflorescence'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Umbel inflorescence.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 30 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Umbel inflorescence.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ochoa, Oswaldo, Vince D’Antonio, and Carlos F. Quiros. "Techniques for Water Emasculation and Cut Seedstalk Pollination in Celery." HortScience 21, no. 6 (December 1986): 1455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.6.1455.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Hybridization in celery is a difficult task faced by the breeder due to the complex floral biology. Celery flowers are hermaphroditic but protandrous and are arranged in compound inflorescences or umbels, formed by small groups of flowers or umbellets disposed in whorls (3). The different developmental stages of the flowers in the umbel makes it difficult to control pollinations effectively. Pollen from young flowers will pollinate old ones that have receptive stigmas in the same inflorescence or anywhere else on the plant. Honma (4) reported a useful technique for celery hybridization, which is the standard procedure used today by breeders. The accuracy of this method depends on the faithful drop of stamens before any of the stigmas become receptive; otherwise, accidental self-pollinations will occur.
2
Morales, J. Francisco. "Two new remarkable Dendropanax (Araliaceae) from Costa Rica." Darwiniana, nueva serie 10, no. 2 (2022): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2022.102.1060.
Full textAbstract:
Two new species of Dendropanax (Araliaceae) endemic to Costa Rica are described. Dendropanax aberrans J.F. Morales resembles D. grandiflorus but differs by the inflorescence structure (panicle of umbels vs. single umbel), and the smaller sizes of both the hypanthium and the petals. Dendropanax zarratu J.F. Morales is unique among Central America and West Indian taxa. It is recognized by its panicle of umbels, with the peduncles agglomerate, flowers 8-9-merous, hypanthium 7-8 mm long, and fruits 1.2-1.4 cm long. Illustrations of the new species and a key to the four Dendropanax having elongated hypanthia (≥ 4 mm long) in Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and Colombia are provided.
3
Kandakoor, Subhash B., and Jitendra Kumar S. Hilli. "Influence of bee pollination on quality and quantity of onion (Allium cepa L.) seed." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION 13, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijpp/13.2/200-204.
Full textAbstract:
The activity of bees pollination in onion was observed throughout the day. Numerically maximum activity was observed during afternoon hours (12.00 to 2.00 PM) with 7.00 numbers in rock bee, 5.40 in Indian bees, 11.60 in little bees and 7.80 in case of dammer be, respectively. Among the four species of bees, little bees were more in entire day with highest of 111.60 bees/10 inflorescence/ minute followed by dammer bee with 9.40 bees/10 inflorescence/ minute, Among the bees major contributor was little bee, this may be due to more colonies of little bees in that area and destruction of rock bee colonies. Also, the bee acitivty was observed maximum number at 100 per cent flowering stage. The observations on number of seeds per umbel, 1000 seed weight and per cent germination under the laboratory conditions. The results clearly indicated that, maximum number of seeds per umbel was observed in open pollinated flowers with 339.30 ± 60.27 seeds per umber where all the four species of bees were made visits regularly followed by in case of pollination in mesh cloth cage with bees with 330.00±35.80 and very least number of seed set was observed in case of pollination in mesh cloth cage without bees with only 60.70 seeds/umbel. Similarly, 1000 seed weight also differed significantly in case of pollination with bees and without bees. In case of with bees it weighed around 3.37 g/1000 seeds followed by 3.10 g/1000 seeds in onion with bee cage and least in case of control with only 1.97 g/1000 seeds.
4
Khamraeva, D. T. "Structural peculiarities of the flower-bearing shoot of some Apiaceae Lindl. species." Проблемы ботаники южной сибири и монголии 20, no. 1 (September 22, 2021): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2021092.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the synflorescence structure of five little-studied and endemic representatives ofUmbelliferae (Apiaceae Lindl.) from Central Asia. Among the taxa studied, Komarovia anisosperma is distinguished bya special organization of the inflorescence, and which is represented by the type of storey raceme from open double umbels collected 2–6 in whorls. The remaining species are characterized by one type of inflorescence – this is a panicle ofclosed double umbels. Belonging to the same tribe Komarovieae J. Zhou et S. R. Downie, species Komarovia anisosperma and Sphaerosciadium denaense, have some similar features in the structure of the synflorescence. So, the first specieshas 5 lateral axes of the I order around the main axis assembled in whorls, while in the second species they are locatedwith a whorl under the central umbel , in addition, both species do not have involucres and involucels. The revealedfeatures of branching of the inflorescence and flower arrangement, signs of involucres and involucels, the length of therays of the umbels and pedicels, as well as the characteristic of the formation of various types of flowers in the umbeland synflorescence can be used in keys and diagnoses, and also for the conservation of rare and endemic species, forthe collection of made seeds from plants in natural conditions with further introduction to the botanical gardens or onthe protected areas.
5
Suwanphakdee, Chalermpol, Kwanjai Khammongkol, David J. Middleton, and Somran Suddee. "Thunbergia amphaii (Acanthaceae) a new species from Thailand." Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 49 (2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2021.49.1.06.
Full textAbstract:
Thunbergia amphaii, a new species from North-Eastern Thailand is described and illustrated. The pseudo-umbel inflorescence is diagnostic for this species. The pollen morphology, especially the size and the pericolpate aperture arrangement, further support this species as new to science.
6
Suwanphakdee, Chalermpol, Kwanjai Khammongkol, David J. Middleton, and Somran Suddee. "Thunbergia amphaii (Acanthaceae) a new species from Thailand." Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 49 (2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20531/tfb2021.49.1.06.
Full textAbstract:
Thunbergia amphaii, a new species from North-Eastern Thailand is described and illustrated. The pseudo-umbel inflorescence is diagnostic for this species. The pollen morphology, especially the size and the pericolpate aperture arrangement, further support this species as new to science.
7
FERRER-GALLEGO, PEDRO PABLO, Raúl FERRER-GALLEGO, Emilio LAGUNA LUMBRERAS, and Miguel GUARA-REQUENA. "Allium moly subsp. glaucescens (Asparagaceae), a new subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula." Phytotaxa 192, no. 1 (January 7, 2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.192.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
Allium moly subsp. glaucescens is described as a new subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula. Different morphological characters from populations located in Valencia (Spain) are evidenced. Lower size of plants, smaller and narrower leaves, of noticeably bluish-green color (glaucous-pruinose), smaller and less flowers in the umbel-inflorescence are characteristic of the new subspecies. Ecology, habitat, cultivation and chemotaxonomy have also been considered and discussed in this work.
8
TROVÓ, MARCELO. "“Species imperfecte cognita”—enlightening Paepalanthus cordatus (Eriocaulaceae): nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on an endangered species from central Brazil." Phytotaxa 527, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.527.2.7.
Full textAbstract:
Paepalanthus cordatus is an endangered species described from a single collection which lacks fully developed inflorescences and flowers. Despite the absence of these characters, the species was unambiguously placed in P. sect. Diphyomene, one of the few groups of Paepalanthus with dimerous flowers and which is mainly distributed in central Brazil. In this manuscript, I provide a full description of the species, detailing and illustrating the fully developed inflorescences and flowers for the first time. The spherical umbel-shaped inflorescence is composed of sets of capitula bearing dimerous flowers; the pistillate flowers have dolabriform sepals and bifid stigmatic branches; the staminate ones have an elongated fleshy anthophore. These characters fully match the current circumscription of P. sect. Diphyomene. Based on the specimens recently collected and additional data, the new conservation status for the species is Endangered instead of Critically Endangered, as previously assessed. I also clarify the inadvertent lectotype selection and previous interpretations of the type specimens. Comments on the species distribution, morphology, and ecology, as well as a geographic distribution map, photos, and a detailed illustration are also provided.
9
Ménard, L., P. E. Brandeis, P. Simoneau, P. Poupard, I. Sérandat, J. Detoc, L. Robbes, et al. "First Report of Umbel Browning and Stem Necrosis Caused by Diaporthe angelicae on Carrot in France." Plant Disease 98, no. 3 (March 2014): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-13-0673-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
In 2011, carrot (Daucus carota L.) seed production occurred on 2,900 ha, which accounts for approximately 25% of the area devoted to the production of vegetable fine seeds. Since 2007, symptoms of umbel browning have been regularly observed in carrot production areas located in the central region. Initially, triangular necrotic lesions appeared on carrot umbels that later spread to the entire umbels and often progressed to the stems. Diseased umbels became dried prematurely, compromising seed development. The loss in seed production was estimated at approximately 8% of the harvested carrot umbels during the cropping seasons of spring and summer 2007 and 2008 in France. In collaboration with seed companies, diseased carrot stems were collected from seven fields of seed production (eight plants per field) and a fungus was isolated from the tissue. The cultures were grown on malt (2%) agar (1.5%) medium and incubated for 2 weeks at 22°C in darkness. Young fungal colonies were white and a brownish green pigmentation developed when the colonies became older. The same color was observed from the top and on the reverse of the colonies. To induce sporulation, isolates were grown on water agar (1.5%) medium in the presence of carrot stem fragments for 1 week at 22°C in darkness, followed by 1 week at 22°C in white light under a 16-h photoperiod. Pycnidia were produced on stem fragments and contained alpha and beta conidia typical of the genus Diaporthe (2). Alternatively, pycnidia were also obtained on malt agar medium after 2 weeks of culture at 25°C in white light under a 12-h photoperiod. The size of alpha and beta conidia was 6.3 ± 0.5 × 2.3 ± 0.4 μm and 23.3 ± 1.8 × 0.9 ± 0.2 μm, respectively (n = 170). In order to confirm the identification at the genus level and determine the species, DNA was extracted from the mycelium of three representative isolates and the ITS regions of the ribosomal DNA were amplified using universal primers (1). The sequences of the amplified products (GenBank Accession Nos. KF240772 to KF240774) were 100% identical with the ITS sequence of a Diaporthe angelicae isolate deposited in the NCBI database (CBS 111592 isolate, KC343027). To confirm pathogenicity, the three isolates of D. angelicae were inoculated on carrot umbels in the greenhouse. A total of nine plants were inoculated (three plants per isolate). Using a micropipette, 10 μl of a conidial suspension containing alpha and beta conidia (105 conidia mL–1) were deposited at the base of the primary umbel and two secondary umbels, which were wounded before inoculation using a scalpel blade. Seven inoculated plants developed triangular, necrotic lesions that were typical umbel browning. D. angelicae was re-isolated on malt agar medium from the inoculated diseased carrot umbels. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. angelicae in carrot cultivated for seed production in France. The disease resembles the lesions described in the Netherlands in 1951 on carrot inflorescence caused by Phomopsis dauci (3). In future experiments, it would be crucial to precisely determine if D. angelicae could be transmitted to the seeds. References: (1) M. A. Innis et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990. (2) J. M. Santos and A. J. L. Philips. Fungal Divers. 34:111, 2009. (3) J. A. von Arx. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 57:44, 1951.
10
Wilder, George J. "Morphology and symmetry of the vegetative parts of Smilax auriculata (Smilacaceae)." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 14, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v14.i1.899.
Full textAbstract:
Smilax auriculata produces a subterranean rhizome system and an aerial vegetative branching system. Three intergrading types of stems (types 1, 2, and 3) compose the aerial branching system; these types are identified primarily according to prickle concentration, but also differ from one another in additional ways. Type-3 stems are determinate and either proleptic or precocious. Between growing seasons a foliage leaf of a type-3 stem may subtend either a solitary vegetative bud (or an expanded vegetative branch) or an inflorescence superposed over a vegetative bud (or expanded vegetative branch). Occasionally, an inflorescence terminates a type-3 stem. Whereas, rhizomes exhibit solely scale leaves, the aerial vegetative branching system manifests scale leaves, transitional leaves, and foliage leaves. On many type-3 stems the foliage leaves become oriented skyward, by bending of their leaf sheaths and petioles. The aerial vegetative branching system manifests bilateral symmetry and mirror-image symmetry. The inflorescence is a pedunculate umbel. The peduncle culminates in a torus which bears a peripheral whorl of bracts, centripetally situated bracteoles, and pedicellate flowers. Type-1 stems exhibit numerous prickles, which vary from unbranched to branched and from solitary to basally connate in rows.
11
ANDRINO, CAROLINE OLIVEIRA, MARCELO TROVÓ, and PAULO TAKEO SANO. "A field full of green stars: Paepalanthus multistellaris (Eriocaulaceae), a new species from Minas Gerais, Brazil." Phytotaxa 278, no. 1 (October 5, 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.1.6.
Full textAbstract:
We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus multistellaris, a remarkable new species of Eriocaulaceae from the northern Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The species is known from a single population growing between the campos rupestres and veredas in the municipality of Botumirim. This new species is placed into P. subsect. Actinocephaloides, and is characterized by its long, ascending stem, scapes arranged in a fasciculate, umbel-shaped inflorescence, and green involucral bracts surpassing the flowers. Illustrations, photos, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The species is considered Critically Endangered, according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria.
12
Schluter, Cayetana, and Zamir K. Punja. "Floral Biology and Seed Production in Cultivated North American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 125, no. 5 (September 2000): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.125.5.567.
Full textAbstract:
Morphological characteristics of flowers, duration of flowering, degree of self-pollination, and extent of berry and seed production in North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) were studied under controlled environmental conditions as well as under field conditions. A comparison was also made between plants of 3 and 4 years of age at two field locations. The duration of flowering was ≈4 weeks and was similar in plants of both age groups grown in the two environments; however, 4-year-old plants produced an average of 40% more flowers (≈100 per plant in total) compared to 3-year-old plants. Flowers were comprised of five greenish-colored petals, five stamens, and an inferior ovary consisting of predominantly two fused carpels and stigmatic lobes. Anthers dehisced in staggered succession within individual flowers, and flowering began with the outermost edge of the umbel and proceeded inwards. At any given time during the 4-week flowering period, ≈10% of the flowers in an umbel had recently opened and were producing pollen. Stigma receptivity was associated with separation of the stigmatic lobes; this occurred at some time after pollen release. Growth of pollen tubes through the style in naturally pollinated flowers was most evident when the stigmatic lobes had separated. The proportion of flowers that developed into mature berries (pollination success rate) was in the range of 41% to 68% for both 3-year-old and 4-year-old plants. However, when the inflorescence was bagged during the flowering period, berry formation was increased by 13% to 21% in 4-year-old plants, depending on location. A majority of the berries (92% to 99%) contained one or two seeds in an almost equal frequency, with the remaining berries containing three seeds. In 4-year-old plants, the frequency of two-seeded berries was increased by ≈13% by bagging the inflorescence. These observations indicate that P. quinquefolius is highly self-fertile and that several physiological and environmental factors can affect seed production.
13
Magee, Anthony R., Ben-Erik van Wyk, and Patricia M. Tilney. "A Taxonomic Revision of the Woody South African Genus Notobubon (Apiaceae: Apioideae)." Systematic Botany 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 220–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364409787602294.
Full textAbstract:
A comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus Notobubon (Apiaceae) is presented. Twelve woody evergreen species are recognised, all (with the exception of N. laevigatum) endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. The taxonomy of these prominent, though poorly collected, species has until now been problematic. They are distinguished from one another by their habit (size and branching pattern), the overall shape, size, and colour of the ultimate leaflet segments, the inflorescence structure (peduncle length, number, and length of rays in the primary umbel), the fruit morphology (fruit size, presence or absence of wings), and the fruit anatomy (symmetry of the mericarps, presence or absence of additional rib vittae, size of commissural vittae). Species relationships are assessed in the form of a cladistic analysis of 26 morphological characters, resulting in a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis. A comprehensive key to the species, their correct nomenclature, and typification, together with descriptions and known geographical distribution for all the species are presented and illustrated.
14
Dalvi, Vijayendra S., Yogesh A. Patil, Bal Krishna, Prafullachandra V. Sane, and Aniruddha P. Sane. "Indeterminate growth of the umbel inflorescence and bulb is associated with increased expression of the TFL1 homologue, AcTFL1, in onion." Plant Science 287 (October 2019): 110165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110165.
Full text
15
Jafari, Sajad, Mohammad Reza Hassandokht, Mahdi Taheri, and Abdolkarim Kashi. "Genetic Diversity and Taxonomic Studies of Allium Akaka and A. Elburzense Native to Iran Using Morphological Characters." Journal of Horticultural Research 25, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johr-2017-0011.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTwo Allium species (A. akaka S.G. Gmelin and A. elburzense W.) native to Iran are used locally as the fresh vegetables and in medical therapy. They are not cultivated, but are collected from the wild, thus, will soon be threatened with extinction. In this study, the diversity of 15 wild accessions (4 accessions of A. elburzense endemic of Iran and 11 accessions of A. akaka) collected from the north-western part of Iran were evaluated with the use of 16 qualitative and 16 quantitative characteristics. The morphological characters with high heritability included leaf length, flower number in umbel, inflorescence diameter, leaf dry weight, bulb fresh weight, weight of 100 seeds, seed length and seed length/width. Results of the principal component analysis indicated that 92.52% of the observed variability was explained by the first six components. The first two components explained about 64.74% of the total observed variability. The first and third hierarchical cluster analysis included all accessions of A. akaka. The accessions of A. elburzense, except one, were placed in a separate cluster. These morphological descriptors can successfully apply for evaluating morphological diversity of Allium wild accessions and can help in horticultural usage.
16
Wiendi, Ni Made Armini, Nessa Maulida, and Krisantini Krisantini. "Biology and bulb production of Eleutherine bulbosa (Iridaceae), a native species from Borneo, Indonesia." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 2 (June 2021): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i2.2269.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Eleutherine bulbosa is a known ornamental plant of the Iris family, which originated from Central Borneo, Indonesia. The bulbs of E. bulbosa have long been used as a medicinal source by the local people of Borneo. Despite its known medicinal and other values, studies on the morphology and efficiency in bulb production of this species are limited. The aims of our study are to examine the vegetative and reproductive morphology of E. bulbosa, and to determine the effect of various dosages of NPK fertilizer on flowering and bulb production. The plants were grown in pots using potting mix consists of equal volume of burnt rice hulls, cocopeat, and organic manures (1:1:1). Our study showed that E. bulbosa has a cymose rhipidium inflorescence with 25-50 mm long peduncles, have 3-4 umbel on the secondary axis, each consists of 10-12 florets that opens in turn every day. Florets are 20-30 mm long, 20 mm in diameter, 10-15 mm pedicels, and short-lived. The perianth is white, about 25 mm wide with yellow anthers and stigma. Fruits were not formed during the duration of the study. NPK fertilizer application at the lowest dose of 1 g per pot had promoted earlier shoot emergence and vegetative growth, including plant height, leaf number, leaf size, number of tillers, and bulb production compared to control (no fertilizer). Application of fertilizer at 1 and 2 g per plant significantly promoted earlier flowering, whereas application at 3 g per plant delayed and reduced the proportion of flowering plants. The results of this study can aid in taxonomic identification and efficient cultivation of this plant for uses as potted flowering ornamentals or bulb production for different purposes. Higher cultivation and reduced wild harvesting can result in the conservation of this species.
17
Anderson, W. R., and C. Anderson. "SIX NEW SPECIES OF TETRAPTERYS (MALPIGHIACEAE)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 74, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428616000251.
Full textAbstract:
Six new species of the Neotropical genus Tetrapterys (Malpighiaceae) are described and illustrated: T. amazonica C.E.Anderson (Brazil, Colombia and Peru), T. andersonii C.E.Anderson (Mexico), T. callejasii W.R.Anderson (Colombia), T. molinae W.R.Anderson (Honduras), T. rzedowskii W.R.Anderson (Mexico) and T. steyermarkii W.R.Anderson (Colombia and Venezuela). All have 4(–6)-flowered umbels as the ultimate inflorescence units, glabrous yellow petals, and samaras with a small dorsal wing in addition to the four large lateral wings.
18
Adhikari, Bhaskar, Julian Harber, and Marco Kreuzer. "BERBERIS EXTENSIFLORA (BERBERIDACEAE): A NEW RANK FOR BERBERIS CONCINNA VAR. EXTENSIFLORA." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 79 (November 18, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/ejb.2022.389.
Full textAbstract:
The new rank and combination Berberis extensiflora (Ahrendt) Bh.Adhikari & Harber is proposed based on morphological and molecular studies of the Himalayan species of Berberis (Berberidaceae). Morphologically, Berberis extensiflora differs from B. concinna Hook.f. by its much longer (3–4 cm) inflorescence with 2 or 3 flowers in umbels (vs < 2 cm long solitary flowers) and 10- to 13-seeded berries (vs 5- to 9-seeded berries). A detailed taxonomic description, notes on habitat and ecology, and colour photographs are provided.
19
Martínez-Fort, Javier, Maela León, and Maria P. Donat-Torres. "A new subspecies of Peucedanum officinale L. subsp. album (Apiaceae) from the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula." PhytoKeys 131 (September 2, 2019): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.32173.
Full textAbstract:
We describe Peucedanum officinale L. subsp. album Martínez-Fort & Donat-Torres subsp. nov., in which we grouped the thermomediterranean populations scattered along the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The characters that differentiate this new subspecies from other infraspecific taxa in Peucedanum officinale are its canaliculated leaflet, the inflorescences much branched and lack of dominant terminal umbels, the umbels are few rayed, sometimes sessile and lateral, the petals are white and the fruit pedicels short, the same or shorter in length than the fruit. We provide here a full description of the new subspecies based on herbarium specimens and field measurements, as well as providing dichotomous keys to the subspecies within P. officinale. In addition, we provide a comparison of the ITS sequences of nrDNA with the most closely related taxons.
20
MERT, Cevriye. "Studies on the Structure of Flowers and Inflorescences of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.)." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 40, no. 2 (September 24, 2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4027914.
Full textAbstract:
This study reports on the arrangement of flower buds and structure of floral organs of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) cultivars local to Turkey. The local cultivars were investigated under stereo microscope, light microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that each node has two oppositely positioned buds on 1-year-old shoot. Inflorescences resembled the umbel structure that enclosed four (two sets of oppositely oriented) bud scales. The mean flower number varied between 16.3 and 19.9 per cluster among the cultivars. The flowers resembled the hermaphrodite type and one flower was found to have four rudimentary sepals, four petals, four stamens, and one pistil. The stamens were noted to be arranged around the base of the ovary. Each normal anther was observed to have two pollen-producing theca, and each theca was found to have two locules. The number of pollen grains per anther varied between 1380 and 4240 among the genotypes. The pistil was noted to have a deeply hollowed papillate stigmatic surface, and the central part of the style had conducting tissue. The ovarium part of the pistil was found to be surrounded by the nectary tissue, inferior type, and had two atropous ovules. The fruit resembled single-seeded, stone fruit type. This study is the first detailed study on the flower morphology and inflorescences of the cornelian cherry cultivars in Turkey.
21
Ramcharan, Christopher. "860 PB 539 GROWTH RESPONSES OF CULANTRO (Eryngium foetidum L.) TO GIBBERELLIC ACID SPRAYS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 556g—557. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.556g.
Full textAbstract:
Culentro, an umbelliferous aromatic saponin-containing biennial herb native of Central America and the West Indies is a major ingredient of many West Indian and Latin American dishes. Although closely related to the Asian culinary herb - cilantro or coriander, culantro is mainly prized for its green serrate spatulate-shaped leaves the main source of its oil. Like many other umbelliferoids under high temperatures and long summer days of the tropics culantro produces large umbel inflorescences and seedheads which are labor-intensive to remove, retard leaf growth and hence decrease the market value of the plant. Preliminary studies using ProGibb sprays from 50 to 200 ppm to 3- to 4-month old culantro plants grown under 53% shade showed increased leaf growth and chlorophyll content response to increasing levels of ProGibb. Maximum leaf length, fresh leaf weight, chlorophyll content and decreased flower growth were obtained at 100 ppm spray application. Treated plants remained in a vegetative phase for almost two years when vegetative side shoots were established. Postharvest observations showed no apparent decrease in shelf life nor loss of characteristic leaf aroma in leaves harvested from GA-treated plants. Inflorescences from sprayed plants were highly reduced in size, had leaf-like appearance and produced characteristic culantro aroma Indicating that they may also be utilized in culanto cuisines.
22
PELSER, PIETER B., SHIELLA MAE B. OLIMPOS, PETER O’BYRNE, and JULIE F. BARCELONA. "A new species of Amyema (Loranthaceae) and a new Gastrodia (Orchidaceae) record for the Philippines from Negros Island." Phytotaxa 371, no. 1 (September 25, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.3.
Full textAbstract:
Our recent fieldwork in the island of Negros, Philippines resulted in the discovery of a species new to science, Amyema lisae (Loranthaceae), and a new record for the Philippines, Gastrodia sabahensis (Orchidaceae), which we describe and report here. Amyema lisae differs from similar species with verticillate phyllotaxy and inflorescences of simple umbels by having relatively smaller leaves and 5-merous flowers that are yellow and tomentose. This new species is named in honor of Lisa J. Paguntalan, a champion of biodiversity conservation in the Philippines. In the same island, we also collected Gastrodia sabahensis, previously only known to occur in Borneo. Our specimens differ from typical plants of this species by having larger flowers with column bases that are slightly broader and stelidia that are broad with blunt apices.
23
Anderson, C., and W. R. Anderson. "REVISION OF MEZIA (MALPIGHIACEAE)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 75, no. 3 (July 23, 2018): 321–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096042861800015x.
Full textAbstract:
The Neotropical genus Mezia (Malpighiaceae) comprises 15 species of lianas (except M. huberi W.R.Anderson, a shrub or small tree). All have multibranched, densely brown-sericeous inflorescences with the ultimate unit a 4-flowered umbel of bilaterally symmetrical flowers. The distinctive pair of large cymbiform bracteoles subtends a rudimentary pedicel and encloses the floral bud. The flowers contain elongate sepals, the lateral four biglandular, yellow petals, the posterior often splotched with red, a heteromorphic androecium, and a tricarpellate gynoecium. The three styles are all free; the posterior pair is lyrate in five species but erect in the others. The samaras have an orbicular to oblate lateral wing and a much smaller dorsal wing; in most species, additional winglets and/or crests are present between the lateral and dorsal wings. Only Mezia mariposa W.R.Anderson has butterfly-shaped samaras lacking additional ornamentation. Four new species are proposed: Mezia andersonii C.E.Anderson, M. bahiana C.E.Anderson, M. fanshawei C.E.Anderson and M. sericea C.E.Anderson. One variety is elevated to species level and provided with a new name, Mezia peruviana C.E.Anderson; a lectotype is chosen for Diplopterys involuta var. ovata Nied. Full descriptions and synonymies are provided, as well as a distribution map. All species are illustrated.
24
Zych, Marcin. "Diurnal activity of the key pollinators of Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae)." Acta Agrobotanica 59, no. 1 (2012): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2006.029.
Full textAbstract:
Although umbels of common hogweed (<i>Heracleum sphondylium</i>) are visited by numerous insect species, only about 2-3 taxa pollinate its flowers. This paper presents two-seasonal observations of diurnal activity of the major insect visitors to inflorescences of <i>H. sphondylium</i> and its key pollinators. The results obtained for two <i>H. sphondylium</i> subspecies occurring naturally in Poland show that insect activity is the highest in the first part of the day and decreases towards the evening. This is mainly implicated by the behavior of dipterans, which intensively feed on hogweed flowers. Other insect orders (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera), but also the dipteran key pollinators (<i>Eriozona syrphoides</i> and <i>Lucilia</i> spp.) do not express any statistically significant preferences for any part of the day.
25
Wang, Yun-wen, Bruce L. Dunn, Daryl B. Arnall, and Pei-sheng Mao. "Use of an Active Canopy Sensor and SPAD Chlorophyll Meter to Quantify Geranium Nitrogen Status." HortScience 47, no. 1 (January 2012): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.1.45.
Full textAbstract:
This research was conducted to investigate the potentials of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter, and leaf nitrogen (N) concentration [% dry matter (DM)] for rapid determination of N status in potted geraniums (Pelargonium ×hortorum). Two F1 cultivars were chosen to represent a dark-green leaf cultivar, Horizon Deep Red, and a light-green leaf cultivar, Horizon Tangerine, and were grown in a soilless culture system. All standard 6-inch (15.24-cm) pots filled with a medium received an initial top-dress application of 5 g controlled-release fertilizer (15N–9P–12K), then plants were supplemented with additional N in the form of urea at 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg·L−1 N every few days to produce plants ranging from N-deficient to N-sufficient. The NDVI readings of individual plants from a NDVI pocket sensor developed by Oklahoma State University were collected weekly until the flowering stage. Data on flower traits, including number of pedicels (NOP), number of full umbels per pot (NOFU), total number of flowers per pot (TNF), number of flowers per pedicel (NOF), and inflorescences diameter (IFD), were collected 3 months after initial fertilizer treatment. After measuring flower traits, pedicels were removed from each pot, and SPAD value, NDVI, and leaf N concentration (g·kg−1 DM) were measured simultaneously. Cultivar and N rate significantly affected all but two flower and one N status parameters studied. The coefficient of determination R2 showed that NOP, NOFU, and TNF traits were more related to the N rates and the status parameters studied for ‘Horizon Tangerine’ than for ‘Horizon Deep Red’. For the latter cultivar, NOP and TNF traits were highly related to NDVI and SPAD values than N rates and leaf N content parameters. Correlation analysis indicated that the NDVI readings (R2 = 0.848 and 0.917) and SPAD values (R2 = 0.861 and 0.950) were significantly related to leaf N content (g·kg−1 DM) between cultivars. However, sensitivity of the NDVI and chlorophyll values to N application rate in geranium was slightly less than leaf N content. Strong correlations (R2 = 0.974 and 0.979, respectively) between NDVI and SPAD values were found within cultivars. The results demonstrated NDVI and SPAD values can be used to estimate N status in geranium. Because the pocket NDVI sensor will be cheaper than the SPAD unit, it has an advantage in determining N content in potted ornamentals.
26
Makukha, O., and M. Fedorchuk. "Peculiarities of common fennel inflorescences forming (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) depending on the agrotechnical measures in the condition of South Ukraine." Agroecological journal, no. 2 (June 17, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2016.249064.
Full textAbstract:
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is a well-known medicinal plant. It has abundant applications in medicine and pharmacology. The article highlights the features of generative development of fennel at the following levels: sowing, one plant, one inflorescence and individual flower buds, flowers, fruits. It also specifies the duration of the main phases of generative development, the peculiarities of formation of fennel inflorescence in the arid conditions of Southern Ukraine. The research findings show that the duration of generative development of the crop is 73 days or 57% of the growing season, the productive inflorescences are central umbel and two top umbels of the first row. The article analyzes the influence of nutrition background, dates of sowing, row spacing on the seed productivity of certain compound umbels and plants in the South of Ukraine. The results of research show that the most favourable conditions for seed formation within the productive umbels and fennel plants on the dark chestnut soils in the South of Ukraine are ensured by the interaction of early spring sowing in the third decade of March, row spacing of 45 cm, nitrogen fertilizers of 60 kg reactant/ha. In this version the mass of seeds per plant amounted on the average to 2.25 gm, the mass of seeds per central umbel and top umbel of the first order being equal to 0.93 and 0.66 gm, respectively. Under the background of N90 there was insignificant increase of this characteristics in comparison with the variant of application of N60.
27
Németh, É., and G. Székely. "Floral biology of medicinal plants I. Apiaceae species." International Journal of Horticultural Science 6, no. 3 (June 6, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.31421/ijhs/6/3/120.
Full textAbstract:
The Apiaceae family consists of several species which are well known for their therapeutical use and also as spice plants. Although fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), caraway (Carton carvi L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), angelica (Angelica archangelica L.) and lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.) are also economically considerable cultures, data on their flowering biology are rather scarce. This review supports data on the characteristic constitution of flowers and inflorescences, flowering dynamics, pollination mechanism and crossability of some of the most significant medicinal and spice species.
The inflorescence is a compound umbel. Flowers are hermaphrodite, however also monoeceous, mainly male flowers are turning up too. In blooming of a plant individual, a strict sequence is observed. The main umbel is the first to bloom, followed by the different range umbels in order of their range. In their pollination, both wind and insects are considered to be active. For each species, proterandry is characteristic. Although autogamy is considered to be almost unpossible, and geintonogamy as well as xenogamy to be the most characteristic ways of fertilization, several cases of self-fertilization proved to be also successful. Crossability among cultivars or species is depending on the genotype combination and usually produces less seed set than the above forms of fertiliiation.
28
Chao, Chien-Ti, Chu-Chia Kuo, Jui-Tse Chang, Min-Wei Chai, and Pei-Chun Liao. "Evolution of floral characters and biogeography of Heloniadeae (Melanthiaceae): an example of breeding system shifts with inflorescence change." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (November 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01049-0.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHeloniadeae (Melanthiaceae) presents an East Asia–North America disjunct distribution. Different molecular and morphological data nevertheless support the tribe as a monophyletic group. However, their phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history, together with the character evolution, are not clear. Therefore, we constructed a Bayesian phylogenetic tree for Heloniadeae using cpDNA and inferred the historical biogeography and floral character evolution. The results revealed that Heloniadeae was distributed in high-latitudes of East Asia and North America, originating since 22.2 mya. The East Asia clade migrated into southwest China, and subsequently colonized the Korean Peninsula, Taiwan, the Ryukyus, and spread northward to Japan and southern Sakhalin. The evolution of the inflorescence and number of flowers were phylogenetically conserved, associated with the historical biogeography of Heloniadeae. The inflorescences transferred from raceme to sub-umbel, and the number of flowers decreased during the dispersal process, which may be accompanied by changes in the breeding system. Besides, the anthesis period was more affected by the habitat environment than phylogenetic constraints. The flowering temperature of Heloniadeae was below 20 °C in most species, except H. kawanoi. Such a low temperature might not be conductive to pollinator activities, but it could be compensated by sustaining seed production with long-lasting flowers.
29
Марчишин, С. М., Т. М. Гонтова, and Е. А. Панасюк. "МОРФОЛОГО-АНАТОМІЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ БЕДРИНЦЮ ЛОМИКАМЕНЕВОГО (PIMPINELLA SAXIFRAGA L.)." Фармацевтичний часопис, no. 2 (July 11, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/2312-0967.2015.2.4825.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL RESEARCH </strong></p><p><strong>OF </strong><strong>P</strong><strong>IMPINELLA SAXIFRAGA</strong><strong> L.</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong>S.M.Marchyshyn, T.M. Hontova, E.A. Panasiuk</strong></p><p> </p><p>“I.Ya.HorbachevskyTernopilStateMedicalUniversityof the Ministry of Health ofUkraine” higher educational establishment</p><p>NationalPharmaceuticalUniversity</p><p><strong>Summary.</strong> The morphological and anatomical research of the herb and rhizome of pimpinella saxifrage l. has been made. Basic macro- and microscopic have been established to identify the raw material.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>pimpinella saxifrage l., herb, rhizome, macro- and microscopic features.</p><p><strong>Introduction. </strong>Pimpinella saxifraga L. Is a perennial herbaceous glabrous or puberulent plant of the Apiaceae family. It grows scattered on slopes, grass hills, forest glades, among the shrubs and along the roads on the entireterritory ofUkraine. For a long time pimpinella saxifrage l. has been used in folk medicine as an anti-spastic, ant-inflammatory, uretic, expectorant, anti-tussic, photosensitizing drug. The plant inUkraine is considered as non-officinal.</p><p><strong>The purpose</strong> of the research is to make a macro- and microscopic analysis of the herb and rhizome of pimpinella saxifrage l.</p><p><strong>Methods of the research. </strong>The micro-preparations were made of freshly collected raw material in the mixture of 96% ethanol – glycerol – purified water (1:1:1). The diagnostic microscopic features were studied by means of the microscope “Granum” with magnification power of x40, x100, x400. The photographs were taken with a camera Sony DSC-W80.</p><p><strong>Findings of the research. </strong>The macroscopic features of the rhizome of pimpinella saxifrage l. Spindle-shaped, longitudinally-wrinkled rhizomes up to5 cm in length and 2 –5 mm. in thickness. Grey-brown in colour, with uneven bend, yellowish-brown in colour, with yellow-brown spots. Strong, fragrant and acrid odour. Strong, bittersweet flavor.</p><p><strong>Microscopic features of the rhizome. </strong>The rhizome is covered with a thick layer of periderm. The cortical parenchyma is composed of parenchymal cells, small cells (phloem elements) are located lower. The phloem spreads evenly, in wide primary rays. The upper part of the cortical parenchyma contains oblong air vessels. The cortical parenchyma may have small schizogenous spaces; the parenchyma cells surrounding them contain starch. The central cylinder is clearly separated by the layer of cambium. The vessels are lined in oblong chains. The wood parenchyma accumulates starch. The rhizome center has a distinct lacune. </p><p><strong>Microscopic features of the herb. </strong>The stalks are thin-ribbed, branched and puberulent. The leaves are pinnated and macropodous; the margin is <a href="http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?t=3157693_1_2&s1=%EF%E8%EB%FC%F7%E0%F2%EE-%E7%F3%E1%F7%E0%F2%FB%E9">serrate-dentate</a>. The flowers are small, pentapetalous and in compound umbel inflorescence. The fruit are small, egg-shaped mericarps. The blade is green on the upper part and light green on the lower part; the flowers are white. The odour is faint and pleasant. The flavor is spicy and bitterish.</p><p><strong>Microscopic analysis if herb. </strong>The stalk is multi-ribbed. The stalk epiderm is small-celled; the cellular membrane has straight and slightly thickened walls. The stomata are oval, large and rare. The stomatal mechanism is anomocytic and anysocytic. The epiderm is unevenly puberulent. The trichomes are long, bent and many-celled, with a small basilar cell and oblong main cells, cone-shaped, 2-celled, long 3-celled straight, erect with oblong apical cell.</p><p>The leaf is dorsiventral. Palisade mesophile, bilarious, cancellate mesophile – tetrastichous. The cells of the palisade mesophile are small, not distinct, cylinder-shaped or oval; the second-row cells of the inner layer are loose. The cells of the cancellate mesophile are small, round or horizontally oblong. The stomata on the lower epiderm are protruding. The upper epiderm is represented by the parenchymal cells of various shape – starting with multi-angled ones and finishing with isodiametric-shaped ones. The cells of the lower epiderm are parenchymal, thin-walled and with rather sinuated membranes. The stomata are multiple, they are large and oval. The stomatal mechanism is anomocytic and paracytic. The leaf is unevenly puberulent. There are more trichomes on the lower side.</p><p><strong>Conclusions. </strong>The morphological and anatomical features of pimpinella saxifrage l. have been studied, and the main macro- and microscopic diagnostic features of rhizome, stalks, flowers and leaves have been defined to be later used for standardization of the medical raw material and design of the project “Pimpinella herb” and “Pimpinella rhizome”.</p>
30
Li, Saini, Liqiong Xu, and Weimin Zhang. "First Report of Postharvest Stem End Rot of mango Fruit (Mangifera indica) Caused by Diaporthe pseudomangiferae in China." Plant Disease, June 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-22-0878-pdn.
Full textAbstract:
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is considered one of the most important tropical or subtropical fruit crops (Nelson et al.2008). China is the second-largest producer of mango (Kuhn et al. 2017). In June 2021, postharvest stem-end rot disease was observed on Narcissus mango (about 20% of the fruits showed similar symptoms of infections) in local agricultural market of Guangzhou, China. Black rot symptomatic lesions were observed on the fruit surface, which initially started from the stem end and progresses into decay, turning brown. To isolate and identify the pathogen, small pieces (3-5 mm2) were excised from the lesion margins of the fruits (n=54), which were surface sterilized by 1% NaOCl (1 min), 70% ethanol (30 s) and then washed twice with sterile distilled water. After sterilization, the tissues were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Three morphologically similar isolates (SXM-1/2/3) were obtained and the representative isolate SXM-1 was analyzed. Colonies surface initially had white-gray moderate aerial mycelia, in reverse umber with patches of pale luteous to luteous. On malt extract agar (MEA) surface dirty white, reverse greyish sepia with patches of sienna. Conidiomata pycnidia, black, erumpent to superficial on PDA, globose with neck, ostiole exuding cream conidial droplets; Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, 1–3-septate, branched, densely aggregated, cylindrical, straight to sinuous, 22–42 × 2.8–3.7 µm. Alpha conidia (n = 50) aseptate, hyaline, smooth, fusiform to somewhat short cylindrical, 3.2–11 ×1.3–3.5 µm. Beta conidia (n = 30) hyaline, smooth, curved or hamate 14.8–33.6 × 1.1–2.6 μm. According to morphological characterization, the representative isolate SXM-1 was similar to Diaporthe pseudomangiferae CBS 101339 (Gomes et al. 2013). For molecular identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, histone H3 (HIS) and β-tubulin (TUB) genes (White et al. 1990; Carbone et al. 1999; Glass et al.1995) were amplified and sequenced, which were deposited in GenBank (ON243823, ON254656, ON254655). BLASTN analysis revealed that DNA sequences of the isolates (SXM-1/2/3) showed 99% identity with those of D. pseudomangiferae (MG576128.1, KC344149, MN329124.1), respectively. A phylogenetic tree analysis based on the concatenated sequences confirmed the isolates as D. pseudomangiferae. Pathogenicity tests were made with the representative isolate SXM-1. Healthy fruits were inoculated with 5 mm mycelial discs of the representative isolate SXM-1 after being wounded with a needle or non-wounded, control fruits were inoculated with sterilized PDA plugs. All inoculated and control fruits were incubated in the dark at 26°C for 7 days post-inoculation. Control fruits remained asymptomatic, whereas inoculated fruits were dark brown necrotic lesions with a roughly circular shape around the inoculation sites. Pathogenicity tests were performed in triplicate. The pathogenic isolates were successfully reisolated, thus confirming Koch’s postulates. D. pseudomangiferae was associated with fruit peel of mango in Mexico and the Dominican Republic, and it has also been reported to cause inflorescence rot, rachis canker, and flower abortion in mango (Gomes et al. 2013; Serratodiaz et al. 2014). To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. pseudomangiferae causing postharvest stem-end rot of mango fruits in China. This finding suggests that D. pseudomangiferae is a potential problem for mango fruit production in China, and it is important to establish an adequate and effective control management of this disease. References: Nelson, S. C. 2008.Mango Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes). Publication PD-48. Cooperative Extension Service, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, U.S.A. Kuhn, D. N., et al. 2017. Front. Plant Sci. 8:577. White, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego. Carbone, I., et al. 1999. Mycologia. 91:553. Glass, N. L., et al. 1995. Appl. Environ. Gomes R. R., et al. 2013. Persoonia. 1:31. Serratodiaz, L. M., et al. 2014. Plant Dis. 98:1004. * These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Keywords: Stem-end rot, Diaporthe pseudomangiferae, Mango, China