Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ultravioletto

Academic literature on the topic 'Ultravioletto'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ultravioletto"

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Schwarz, Thomas. "Ultraviolette Strahlung - Immunantwort. Ultraviolet radiation - Immune response." Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 3, s2 (September 2005): S11—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1610-0387.2005.04393.x.

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Correa, Melissa, Sabrina Mera, Fabián Guacho, Elio Villarreal, and Sebastián Valencia. "Desinfección mediante el uso de luz UV-C germicida en diferentes medios como estrategia preventiva ante la COVID-19." Minerva 1, no. 2 (August 9, 2020): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/minerva.v1i2.11.

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En este trabajo se presentan criterios que permiten estimar parámetros de desinfección mediante el uso de luz ultravioleta UV-C de onda corta, en agua, aire y superficies. Se indican métodos para evaluar la dosificación en función de la potencia de la lámpara empleada. Este tipo de estrategia permiten resultados de hasta 99.9% de desinfección, inactivando diferentes tipos de microorganismos. Estas referencias sirven de base para el diseño de dispositivos de utilidad en la presente emergencia por COVID-19, cuyo origen, al ser viral, es susceptible al mismo método de desinfección debido al proceso de dimerización del ADN, donde el daño producido en la estructura celular, afecta la capacidad de reproducción y de funcionalidad. Palabras Clave: luz UV-C o germicida, desinfección UV, dimerización del ADN. Referencias [1]R. Wallace, M. Ouellette and J. Jean, "Effect of UV‐C light or hydrogen peroxide wipes on the inactivation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Clostridium difficile spores and norovirus surrogate", Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 586-597, 2019. [2]J. Vargas, "Efecto de la radiación gamma sobre las características físico - químicas, sensoriales y microbiológicas en páprika en polvo (Capsicum annuum L.)", Revista ECIPeru, pp. 68-71, 2019. [3]M. Ángeles García y P. Fernández, "Luz ultravioleta e inmunidad", Piel, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 367-368, 2016. [4]W. Pachuau y R. Tiwari, "(Invited) Deep Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes: Physics, Performance, and Applications", ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2014. [5]W. Kowalski, Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Handbook, 5th ed. Berlin: Springer Berlin, 2014, pp. 1-13. [6]W. Kowalski, Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Handbook, 5th ed. Berlin: Springer Berlin, 2014, pp. 17-47. [7]"Germicidal Ultraviolet (GUV)", Media.ies.org, 2020. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://media.ies.org/docs/standards/IES%20CR-2-20-V1a-20200507.pdf. [Último acceso: 16 de junio de 2020]. [8]J. Bolton y C. Cotton, The ultraviolet disinfection handbook, 3rd ed. Denver, Colo.: American Water Works Association, 2008, pp. 13-33. [9]W. Kowalski, Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Handbook, 5th ed. Berlin: Springer Berlin, 2014, pp. 8-9. [10]P. Aguirre, J. García y R. Mujeriego Sahuquillo, "Desinfección con cloro y luz UV en un proceso convencional de regeneración de agua", Ingeniería del agua, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 75, 2004.
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A, Usman, Sunday J.A, and Olaore K.O. "Variation Characteristic of Ultraviolet Light and Air Temperature at A Tropical Location in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science 07, no. 12 (2022): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2022.71203.

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In this study, characteristic variation of ultraviolent light and air temperature were observed, this research work critically analyses some specific days with field data at an experimental site near the Physics/Electronics Unit Laboratory Ilorin, Nigeria between ultraviolet light and air temperature. For the field observations, an instrumented Meteorological Weather Smart System was set up at an experimental site near the Physics/Electronics Unit Laboratory Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin for a period of two weeks (18th March-1st April, 2019). The ultraviolet light and air temperature measurement from the Weather Smart System were recorded every 10 seconds and averaged over 2 minutes interval. The sampled data was then stored in the datalogger storage module. After the removal of spurious measurement values, the data stored was further reduced to hourly averages using the Microcal Origin (version 7.0) data analysis software. The results showed that the measured ultraviolent light, UV during the daytime increases until 1200 hrs with maximum value of about 450 Wm-2 and minimum value of about 9 Wm-2 at 800 hrs (DOY 85). The measured air temperature, Ta value of 32.6 0C observed at 1200 hrs (DOY 85), represented the maximum value for the entire period of the study. The value of 193 Wm-2 was observed at1100 hrs (DOY 81), represented the minimum value for the entire period of the study due to the cloudy condition of the sky which reduces the amount of incoming solar radiation reaching the earth surface.
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Woo, Hyuk-Je, Ji-Hoon Kang, and Kyung Bin Song. "Comparison between Ultraviolet-A and Ultraviolet-C Irradiation on the Microbial Safety and Quality of Cherry." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 49, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2020.49.3.316.

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Guo Xudong, 郭旭东, 杨国强 Yang Guoqiang, and 李嫕 Li Yi. "极紫外（EUV）光刻胶的研发." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 59, no. 9 (2022): 0922004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202259.0922004.

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Maria Schmidt, Amanda, Daniela Hoffmann Zibetti, Nathan Carvalho Pinheiro, and Viviane de Lima. "PELÍCULA REFLETORA DE ELEVADA FREQUÊNCIA ULTRAVIOLETA." Scientia Prima 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18010/sp.v1i1.7.

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Li Zhaohui, 李召辉, 申光跃 Shen Guangyue, 庞程凯 Pang Chengkai, and 吴光 Wu Guang. "日盲紫外单光子成像." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, no. 10 (2021): 1011023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.1011023.

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Chen Guodong, 陈国栋, 张子南 Zhang Zinan, 李思坤 Li Sikun, and 王向朝 Wang Xiangzhao. "深紫外计算光刻技术研究." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 59, no. 9 (2022): 0922007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202259.0922007.

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Chao-yi LI, 李超逸, 陶保全 Bao-quan TAO, 郭祥帅 Xiang-shuai GUO, and 匡尚奇 Shang-qi KUANG. "极紫外多层膜技术的研究进展." Acta Sinica Quantum Optica 26, no. 4 (2020): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/jqo20202604.1001.

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Min Zhang, Min Zhang, Pengfei Luo Pengfei Luo, Xiaoxue Guo Xiaoxue Guo, Xiang Zhang Xiang Zhang, Dahai Han Dahai Han, and Qing Li Qing Li. "Spread spectrum-based ultraviolet communication with experiments." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 10 (2014): 100602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.100602.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ultravioletto"

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SAMPARISI, FABIO. "Strumentazione per polarimetria e spettroscopia nell'estremo ultravioletto." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3444329.

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La disponibilità sempre maggiore di sorgenti ottiche nel range spettrale dell’estremo ultravioletto (XUV) e dei raggi X soffici richiede lo sviluppo di tecnologie e strumentazione ottica per il condizionamento di questo tipo di radiazione. Questa tesi tratta dello studio, la realizzazione, e la caratterizzazione di diversi strumenti ottici per la manipolazione della radiazione XUV e dei raggi X soffici. La radiazione polarizzata nell'estremo ultravioletto costituisce uno strumento eccezionale per una grande varietà di esperimenti, per questo motivo è di fondamentale importanza essere in grado di analizzare lo stato di polarizzazione della luce prima e dopo l'interazione con il campione in analisi. L'analisi della polarizzazione nel range del visibile e dell'UV vicino è facilmente realizzabile con polarizzatori in trasmissione come, ad esempio, le lamine a \(\lambda/4\). Nell'estremo ultravioletto l'assenza di materiali trasmissivi complica questo processo. Per manipolare e misurare la polarizzazione della luce in questo range spettrale, è richiesto un approccio diverso, basato sul cambio di ampiezza e fase della luce a seguito di una riflessione. La prima attività di questa tesi tratta dello sviluppo e la realizzazione di un polarimetro a riflessione con ottiche di oro e rutenio. Una serie di esperimenti con radiazione di sincrotrone ha permesso una sistematica analisi dei parametri di Stokes della radiazione, in un ampio range di energie. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che il polarimetro sviluppato costituisce un ottimo strumento per l'analisi dello stato di polarizzazione della luce e permette, inoltre, di eseguire misure ellissometriche su film sottili. La seconda attività consiste nello sviluppo e la realizzazione di un sistema a basso costo per reticoli di diffrazione deformabili, pensato per essere installato in un monocromatore per la selezione spettrale di impulsi XUV ultrabrevi all'interno di una linea di luce per la generazione di armoniche superiori (HHG). Una serie di misure ci ha permesso di concludere che il sistema proposto è una soluzione valida ed efficace, oltre che a basso costo, risultando molto vantaggioso soprattutto per laboratori con budget limitati. La terza attività riguarda l'aggiornamento e il potenziamento di un monocromatore compensato nel tempo installato in una linea di luce HHG a Milano. Lo strumento è stato caratterizzato dal punto di vista dell'efficienza e della risposta temporale, dimostrando che il sistema è adatto per il condizionamento di impulsi XUV ultrabrevi (nel range dei femtosecondi), presentando inoltre un buon flusso di fotoni per esperimenti a valle del sistema.
With the increasing availability and performance of laser-driven high harmonic sources operating in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range, there is an ever-increasing demand of optical technologies suitable for the photon handling and conditioning of this radiation sources. For this reason, this thesis describes the activities carried out for the design, realization, and characterization of different optical instruments for the conditioning of XUV and soft x-ray sources. Polarized radiation in the XUV spectral range is a powerful tool for many experiments and investigations of light-matter interaction. Therefore, it is of great importance to analyze the polarization of light before and after interaction with the sample under investigation. The ellipticity of visible and near ultraviolet radiation can easily be determined with transmission polarizers and phase shifters, for example \(\lambda/4\) plates. In the extreme ultraviolet spectral region a lack of transmitting materials complicates this task. In order to produce polarized light or to analyze the polarization of light in this spectral region a different approach based on changes in the amplitudes and phases of light upon reflection must be used. The first contribution reports the activity carried out for the design and the development of a reflection polarimeter, using gold and ruthenium optics. An extensive and systematic set of measurements of the Stokes parameters has been performed on a synchrotron beamline, with a wide range of photon energies. The results indicate the capability of the proposed reflection polarimeter to effectively analyze the polarization state of the incoming radiation and to enable ellipsometric measurements on thin films. The second contribution consists of the design and the development of a low-cost deformable grating system to be installed as part of a monochromator for the spectral selection of ultrafast XUV pulses in a High-Harmonic Generation (HHG) beamline. We demonstrate the effectiveness and the good performance of the system, while keeping it a cheap solution for many laboratories on tight budgets. The third activity regards the upgrade of a time-delay compensated monochromator installed in a HHG beamline in Milan. The instrument has been characterized in terms of its efficiency (throughput) and its temporal performance, demonstrating the ability to handle ultrashort (femtosecond regime) XUV pulses with a good photon flux for subsequent experiments.
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Romanhole, Rodrigo Collina 1979. "Estudo da fotoestabilidade de filtros solares comerciais quando expostos a radiação ultra-violeta artificial e lâmpadas fluorescentes comerciais." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312999.

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Orientadores: Priscila Gava Mazzola, Patrícia Moriel
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T05:30:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romanhole_RodrigoCollina_M.pdf: 2407995 bytes, checksum: a3fd76e8329a74f761c010fad33c4377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Filtros solares são moléculas com capacidade de absorver e/ou refletir a radiação UVA e UVB, evitando assim que esta radiação alcance a epiderme ou até mesmo a derme, porém alguns filtros podem apresentar instabilidade quando absorvem a radiação, com consequente perda desta função. A fotoinstabilidade após a exposição à radiação UV é bem conhecida e descrita, porém não existem muitos dados relacionando a estabilidade destes filtros após a irradiação de luz fluorescente emitida pelas lâmpadas comerciais presentes em lares e escritórios. O presente estudo propõe avaliar a fotoestabilidade de produtos comerciais com FPS 30, após irradiação UV e também após a irradiação fluorescente, correlacionando o comportamento de cada produto frente aos diferentes tipos de radiação. A metodologia aplicada é in vitro, sendo que os produtos testados foram aplicados em duas diferentes placas de polimetilmetacrilato Polimetil metacrilato (PMMA) e irradiados por um simulador solar com filtros específicos para UVA/B e por uma fonte de luz fluorescente comercial. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi observado que a placa de PMMA utilizada pode influenciar nos resultados e todas as amostras testadas apresentaram um comportamento fotoestável quando expostos à radiação ultravioleta ou fluorescente, ou seja, não apresentaram redução na sua capacidade de absorção da radiação UVA/B mesmo após doses de radiação bem elevadas. Estes resultados demonstram que as amostras testadas apresentaram um comportamento bastante estável em diversas situações em que a população está exposta no dia a dia
Abstract: Sunscreens are molecules with ability to absorb and/or reflect the UVA and UVB radiation, thereby preventing radiation that reaches the epidermis or dermis even though some filters can be unstable when they absorb radiation, with consequent loss of its function. The photostability after exposure to UV radiation is well known and described, but there are not many data correlating the stability of these filters after fluorescent light irradiation, emitted by commercial lamps present in homes and offices. This study proposes to assess the photostability of commercial products SPF 30 after artificial UV irradiation and also after the fluorescent radiation, correlating the behavior of each product against different types of radiation. The methodology applied was in vitro, and the products tested were applied on two different plates of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and irradiated by a solar simulator with specific filters for UVA/B and a fluorescent light source commercial. According to the results, the plate can play an important role in the photostability data and all samples tested presented a similar photostable behavior when exposed to UV or fluorescent light, or showed no reduction in its capacity for absorption of UVA/B even after higher doses of radiation. These results demonstrate that the samples tested presented a very stable behavior in various situations in which the population is exposed on a daily basis
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestre em Ciências Médicas
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Zhang, Zhipeng. "Ultraviolet Photodiodes Based on (Mg,Zn)O and (In,Ga)2O3 Thin Films." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-213220.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Untersuchung von Metall-Halbleiter-Metall ultravioletten Photodioden basierend auf Dünnschichten der weitbandlückigen Halbleitern Magnesiumzinkoxid (Mg,Zn)O und Galliumindiumoxid (In,Ga)2O3. Die Arbeit behandelt zwei inhaltliche Schwerpunkte. Der erste Schwerpunkt liegt auf Herstellung, Entwicklung und Charakterisierung der wellenlängenselektiven (Mg,Zn)O-Photodioden bei Erhaltung der Wurtzitstruktur in UVA und UVB Spektralbereichen. Dabei wurde eine integrierte optische Filterschicht mit einem höheren Mg-Gehalt verwendet, die einen Teil der von der Rückseite einfallende Strahlung absorbieren kann. Um die Selektivität der Absorptionskante und die Bandbreite des Detektoren abzustimmen, wurden unterschiedliche Kombinationen der Mg-Gehalte in den Schichten untersucht. Weiterhin wurde der Ansatz eines kontinuierlichen Kompositionsgradienten mittels großflächig gepulster Laserabscheidung genutzt, um monolithisch mehrkanalig schmalbandige Photodioden zu realisieren. Dadurch konnten die kontinuierliche Verschiebung der Absorptionskante von beiden Activ- und Filterschichten sowie die Photodetektion mit minimierter und einheitlicher spektraler Auflösung innerhalb von einem 2 inch im Durchmesser Wafer ermöglicht werden. Der zweite Schwerpunkt konzentriert sich auf die Untersuchung der wellenlängenselektiven Photodioden basierend auf Si-dotierten (In,Ga)2O3 Dünnschichten mittels der kontinuierlichen Kompositionsgradienten durch unterschiedliche Variation des Indium-Gehaltes. Die Absorptionskante der (In,Ga)2O3 Dünnschichten konnte von UVA bis zum UVC Spektralbereich abgestimmt werden. Die chemische und strukturelle Eigenschaften der Dünnschichten wurden mittels Kathodolumineszenzmikroskop, energiedispersive Röntgenspektroskopie and Röntgenbeugung studiert. Die elektrischen Eigenschaften der Schottky-Kontakte wurden mit hochpräzisen Strom-Spannungs-Messung bestimmt. Die Untersuchung der Absorptionskante sowie der Effzienz der Photodioden geschieht mittels spektralaufgelöster Photostrommessungen.
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Abu-Kassem, Issam. "Réalisation et qualification métrologique d'une échelle d'éclairement energétique spectrique dans le proche ultraviolet." Paris, CNAM, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CNAM0414.

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Pour répondre à la demande croissante des utilisateurs du rayonnement ultraviolet, le BNM-INM a entrepris la réalisation d'une échelle d'éclairement énergétique spectrique dans le proche ultraviolet (200-400 nm) basée sur l'utilisation des radiomètres étalons. Un radiomètre est constitué par trois éléments essentiels, un détecteur optique de sensibilité connue, un filtre interéférentiel à bande étroite et un diaphragme d'une surface determinée. La caractérisation de nouvelles photodiodes à large cap et de filtre interéférentiels montre qu'il est possible de réaliser des radiomètres à filtre étalons à bande spetrale étroite de 10 à 20 nm de largeur régulièrement réparties entre 200 et 400 nm. L'utilisation de ces radiomètres permet d'étudier le spectre des sources de rayonnement émettant dans l'ultraviolet et d'améliorer leur étalonnage en éclairement. Ce travail présente d'abord les études accomplies pour sélectionner les meilleurs éléments pour la réalisation des radiomètres à filtre dans le proche ultraviolet, ensuite la réalisation des radiomètres complets et leur étalonnage par rapport au radiomètre cryogénique
To satisfy the requirements of ultraviolet radiation user, the BNM-INM has undertaken the realization of irradiance scale in the bear ultraviolet (200-400 nm) bases on the use of standard radiometers. A radiometer is composed by tree main components, an optical detector of known responsivity, a narrow band interference filter and an aperture of identified surface. The charactization of new wide-band gap photodiodes and of interference filters shows that it is possible to realize narrow spetral band filter radiometres of 10 to 20 nm of width regularly distributed between 200 and 400 nm. The use of these radiometers allows studying the spectrum of ultraviolet sources sources and also omprving their irradiance calibration. Firstly, this work presents acomplished studies carried out to select the best elements for realizing near ultraviolet filter radiometers ; then, it presents the realization and the characterization of completed filter radiometers and their calibration against cryogenic radiometer
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Sarroukh, Ouassima. "Caractérisation d'une source de rayonnement extrême-ultraviolet (EUV) par décharge capillaire : mise en évidence du seuil d'ablation des parois." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2009.

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Ce travail concerne l'étude et la caractérisation d'une source de rayonnement Extrême Ultraviolet (EUV) pouvant répondre à diverses applications scientifiques et industrielles en particulier celles liées à la nouvelle génération de la lithographie EUV. Cette source pulsée nommée CAPELLA consiste en une décharge dans un capillaire en alumine où circule un gaz. Ce type de décharge produit un plasma chaud, dense et fortement ionisé émettant dans l'EUV. Les échanges thermiques entre le plasma et la paroi peuvent être suffisamment importants pour que la paroi se trouve ablatée. L'utilisation d'un modèle thermique qui détermine l'évolution temporelle de la température de la paroi permet de calculer le seuil d'ablation. Des mesures spectroscopiques du plasma dans plusieurs plages spectrales ont confirmé la présence de ce seuil pour une densité d'énergie injectée de 350 J. Cm-3. Les résultats des mesures spectroscopiques ont été comparés aux résultats issus du modèle.
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Oliveira, Bruno Pereira de. "Concepção de uma nova plataforma instrumental para esterilização fotônica, química e térmica de instrumento e materiais de uso na saúde." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-21102016-102526/.

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A grande maioria das infecções causadas em ambientes médicos-odontológicas é proveniente de contaminações cruzadas, quando se tem contato entre diferentes instrumentos e /ou aparelhos contaminados após procedimentos médicos. Atualmente o padrão aceito e amplamente utilizado para esterilização de instrumental são os equipamentos chamados de autoclaves, em que é reconhecido e aceito pelos órgãos legisladores. Porém alguns tipos de instrumental e material não podem ser esterilizados utilizando este método tendo uma outra vertente que é aplicação de agentes químicos. Esses criam problemas socioambientais relacionados a sua utilização e descarte. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma autoclave multifuncional com a utilização de gás ozônio, ultravioleta e calor úmido, em que se testou e analisou microbiológica os protocolos de esterilização, obtendo entendimento e otimização do mesmo. Os resultados mostraram-nos que a configuração desenvolvida atingiu aspectos de esterilidade nos protocolos de esterilização avaliados. Entretanto tem a necessidade de aprofundar estudos aplicando o baixo vácuo para o entendimento quanto a utilização quanto os protocolos do funcionamento e uma futura otimização para produção em larga escala.
Most of infection in the medical-dental office is prevenient of cross-contamination, when have the contact with different instrumental and materials without basic control after the process and contact on patient. This point have the standard protocol was accept and described in literature, its utilizing for instrumental sterilizing is the autoclave, it is recognized by organs legislators. However, some instrumental and materials not be accept in this method, on this is necessary one method second in this case is chemical on the instrumentation, but created environmental problem in relation its application. Therefore, this research made the proof of conception in the multifunctional autoclave with the option ozone, ultraviolet and moist heat, what it is analyzing the microbiological protocols of the sterilizing, understanding and optimization the sterilizing process. This results show us which this constructive configuration in this work reached aspects of the sterilizing in the protocols, describe in this text. In the future research in this subject could be study the strongly aspects about the vacuum process before the sterilizing process with ozone gas and development and optimization the prototype for make the scaling up.
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Dias, Virgínia Dantas. "Radiação ultravioleta e ozônio aplicados como métodos alternativos de desinfecção de efluentes secundários de esgoto sanitário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-26012017-104753/.

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A cloração é largamente utilizada para a desinfecção de águas de abastecimento e residuárias, porém o potencial de toxicidade da cloração por seus subprodutos torna o processo menos atrativo. O dióxido de cloro surge como alternativa de desinfecção, porém a sua geração envolve reações bastante dependentes das concentrações de reagentes, das condições físico-químicas, podendo gerar também subprodutos prejudiciais à saúde humana. Outras tecnologias alternativas, como o ozônio e a radiação ultravioleta apareceram como processos tecnicamente viáveis. Neste trabalho buscou-se realizar revisão crítica da literatura existente sobre a desinfecção realizada com radiação ultravioleta e ozônio, bem como investigar e interpretar os aspectos relevantes do desempenho da desinfecção de efluentes de esgoto sanitário com ozônio e com radiação ultravioleta na inativação de coliformes totais e coliformes fecais. Na parte experimental avaliou-se as doses de 80, 95 e 120 mg/L e tempos de contato de 20, 30 e 35 minutos para a desinfecção com ozônio. Na desinfecção com radiação ultravioleta, utilizou-se de tempos de exposição de 10, 30, e 60 segundos, mantendo-se a mesma intensidade média de radiação e variando-se a espessura de lâmina líquida. Nos aspectos observados no decorrer desta pesquisa, verificou-se que para as condições analisadas, a desinfecção com radiação ultravioleta mostrou-se como técnica mais simples e eficaz para a inativação de coliformes fecais e coliformes totais quando comparada à ozonização, apresentando assim vários aspectos favoráveis no que concerne ao modo de operação, a influência da qualidade do efluente bruto, ao controle do processo, entre outros.
The Chlorinate is widely used for the disinfection of waste and drinking water, however the toxicity potential by the by-products of chlorinate renders the process less attractive. The chlorine dioxide comes up as a disinfection alternative, but its production involves highly reagent concentration and physical-chemical condition dependant reactions, also being able to create human health hazardous by-products. Other alternative technologies, like ozone and ultraviolet radiation have risen as technically viable processes. It this work, is has been attempted to review critically the existing literature about the effluent disinfection of sanitary waste, using a comparative approach between the disinfection in which ozone and ultraviolet radiation were used, as well as to investigate and interpret the relevant aspects of sanitary waste effluents disinfection with ozone and ultraviolet radiation on the inactivation of otal and fecal coliforms. In the experimental part doses of 80, 95 and 120 mg/L and contact times of 20, 30 and 35 minutes have been evaluated for the ozone disinfection process. For the ultraviolet method, exposure times of 10, 30 and 60 seconds have been used, keeping the same mean intensity of radiation and varying water layer thickness. With regard to the observed of thios research, is has been verified that, for the analyzed conditions, the ultraviolet disinfection has showed the simplest and most effective method of the inactiviation of fecal andtotal coliforms when compared the ozone method, thus showing several favorable aspects concerning the operation mode, the wal effuent quality influence, the process control, among others.
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8

Sadi, Roberta Kalil. "Estudo da compatibilização e da degradação de blendas polipropileno/poli (3-hidroxibutirato) (PP/PHB)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-23082010-092455/.

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O presente trabalho desenvolveu um estudo sobre a blenda polimérica Polipropileno/Poli(3-hidroxibutirato) (PP/PHB). Os principais objetivos desta pesquisa foram estudar a compatibilização da blenda PP/PHB, a influência da prévia fotodegradação sobre a biodegradação da blenda e o comportamento individual do PHB frente a fotodegradação. As blendas PP/PHB foram obtidas nas composições 90/10, 80/20, 70/30 e 60/40 (em peso) numa extrusora dupla-rosca. O estudo da compatibilização foi feito para a blenda PP/PHB 80/20 contendo ou não 10% dos seguintes compatibilizantes: polipropileno grafitizado com anidrido maleico (PP-g-MAn), poli(etileno-co-acrilato de metila) (P(E-co-MA)), poli(etileno-co-metacrilato de glicidila) (P(E-co-GMA)) e poli(etileno-co-acrilato de metila-co-metacrilato de glicidila) (P(E-co-MA-co-GMA)). A caracterização dos materiais foi realizada através de análises morfológicas, químicas e ensaios mecânicos (tração e impacto). Os resultados obtidos permitiram classificar a eficácia dos compatibilizantes na seguinte ordem: P(E-co-MA-co-GMA) >> P(E-co-MA) > P(E-co-GMA) PP-g-MAn. A fotodegradação do PHB foi investigada expondo-se este material numa câmara de envelhecimento artificial por 3, 6, 9 e 12 semanas. O efeito da radiação UV no PHB foi monitorado através de mudanças na sua massa molar, estruturas química e cristalina, bem como nas suas propriedades térmicas, morfológicas, óticas, mecânicas e de biodegradação. A radiação UV causou uma série de mudanças em todas as propriedades analisadas. Estes efeitos, entretanto, não se mostraram muito severos e um dos motivos apontados para isso foi a baixa transmitância da radiação UV apresentada pela amostra de PHB estudada, o que gerou um perfil de degradação muito pronunciado neste material. As blendas PP/PHB em todas as suas composições foram submetidas à radiação UV por 2 e 4 semanas e tiveram a sua biodegradabilidade avaliada por ensaios de perda de massa e de respirometria de Bartha (medida da produção de CO2). Os materiais antes e após as diferentes degradações foram caracterizados através de análises químicas, térmicas, morfológicas e de massa molar. Primeiramente, observou-se que, antes de qualquer degradação, a biodegradação da fase PHB foi suprimida dentro das blendas, o que foi atribuído ao PHB constituir a fase dispersa das misturas. A prévia fotodegradação retardou a biodegradação do PHB e acelerou a biodegradação do PP e de todas as blendas PP/PHB. A maior capacidade biodegradativa do PP e das blendas foi relacionada à cisão de cadeia e formação de grupos funcionais oxidados durante a exposição à radiação ultravioleta.
In this work Polypropylene/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PP/PHB) blend was studied. In particular the compatibilization and the influence of a previous photodegradation on the biodegradation of the blend were investigated. In order to understand the photodegradation of the blends it was also necessary to study the photodegradation of PHB. The compositions of the PP/PHB blends studied ranged from 90/10 to 60/40 (by weight). These blends were obtained using a twin screw extruder. The compatibilization was evaluated using a PP/PHB blend 80/20 containing or not 10% of the following compatibilizers: maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH), poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) (P(E-co-MA)), poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(E-co-GMA)) and poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(E-co-MA-co-GMA)). The blends obtained were characterized through their morphological, chemical and mechanical properties (tensile and impact tests). The results obtained enabled the classification of the compatibilizers efficiency in the following order: P(E-co-MA-co-GMA) >> P(E-co-MA) > P(E-co-GMA) PP-g-MAH. PHB photodegradability was investigated through its exposure to artificial UV radiation in a weathering chamber for 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks. The photodegradation effect was followed by changes of molecular weight, of chemical and crystalline structures, of thermal, morphological, optical and mechanical properties, as well as of biodegradability. UV radiation caused several changes in all the properties evaluated, however, these effects were not very severe. These results could be explained in light of the low UV radiation transmittance of the PHB sample studied, which caused a strong degradation profile for this material. PP/PHB blends in all compositions were exposed to UV radiation for 2 and 4 weeks and had their biodegradability evaluated using the weight loss and the Bartha respirometer tests (CO2 production measurement). The materials before and after the different degradations were characterized by chemical, thermal, morphological and molar mass analysis. First, it was observed that, before any degradation, the biodegradation of the PHB phase was suppressed in the blends, most likely due to the fact that PHB was the dispersed phase within the mixtures studied. Previous photodegradation delayed PHB biodegradation and sped up the biodegradation of PP and all PP/PHB blends. The greater biodegradability of PP and blends was attributed to the chain scission and formation of oxidized functional groups taking place during ultraviolet radiation exposure.
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Chambord, Sylvain. "Haute résolution spectrale dans l'ultra-violet lointain : simulation et évaluation expérimentale d'un spectrographe protoype pour l'instrument spatial "FUSE"." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30033.

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Le travail de these presente ici est une etude numerique et pratique de la faisabilite des solutions optiques qui permettront au satellite fuse (far ultra-violet spectroscopic explorer) de la nasa d'accomplir sa mission de spectroscopie a haute resolution dans l'ultraviolet lointain (900-1200 a). Ces solutions font appel a des reseaux de diffraction concaves a tres haute densite de traits, dont les aberrations sont corrigees par holographie. Une simulation numerique detaillee de l'image du spectrographe est presentee ; elle est ensuite utilisee pour contribuer a la definition des reseaux. On expose egalement l'evaluation experimentale des performances de deux reseaux prototypes, de technologies differentes. La methodologie des mesures, ainsi que la mise en place d'un spectrographe de test sous vide ayant permis d'observer la resolution spectrale de 30 000 exigee, sont detaillees. L'analyse des resultats obtenus permet de valider la simulation instrumentale, de conclure a la faisabilite du concept, et de donner un premier apercu des performances du satellite fuse
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Dauer, Véronique. "Spectroscopie à haute résolution dans l'ultraviolet lointain : étude des performances des réseaux du spectrographe spatial FUSE (Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic explorer) ; amélioration de l'efficacité de ces réseaux par usinage ionique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30117.

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Le spectrographe fuse (far ultraviolet spectroscopic explorer) de la nasa a pour but d'etudier la bande ultraviolette 90-120 nm avec une haute resolution spatiale ( de 0. 003 nm). Pour atteindre cette performance, des reseaux de diffraction holographiques, spheriques, de haute densite de traits (6000 traits/mm), corriges de certaines aberrations et de dimensions de 3030 cm 2 ont ete choisis. Une partie du travail de these presente ici consiste en l'etude des performances en resolution, efficacite et lumiere parasite des six reseaux de diffraction du spectrographe fuse. Le banc de test et la procedure adoptee pour aligner chaque reseau sont presentes. Les spectres experimentaux sont compares aux spectres theoriques obtenus avec un logiciel de simulation. Une simulation numerique basee sur la theorie electromagnetique des reseaux de diffraction et destinee a ameliorer l'efficacite des reseaux de l'experience fuse a permis l'optimisation des parametres d'enregistrement. Le taux de lumiere parasite de ces reseaux est tres faible, de l'ordre de 10 - 5 a 1 nm de la raie d'emission. Afin d'augmenter encore l'efficacite de diffraction, un programme de recherche et technologie en vue de modifier le profil sinusoidal de reseaux holographiques de 6000 traits/mm par usinage ionique est en cours. Dans le cadre de cette action, un programme de simulation d'erosion directionnelle a notamment ete elabore dans le but de prevoir l'evolution de la topographie de profils usines et d'obtenir un profil dissymetrique optimise pour la mission fuse. Ce programme de recherche et technologie a abouti a l'augmentation significative de l'efficacite des reseaux de type fuse.
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Books on the topic "Ultravioletto"

1

B, Holberg J., ed. Extreme ultraviolet astronomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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Ultraviolet (Ultraviolet, #1). Minneapolis: Carolrhoda Lab, 2011.

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1922-, Urbach Frederick, Gange Richard W, International Photobiology Association, American Society for Photobiology, and International Congress on Photobiology (9th : 1984 : Philadelphia, Pa.), eds. The Biological effects of UVA radiation. New York, NY: Praeger, 1986.

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Anderson, R. J. Ultraviolet. London: Orchard, 2011.

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Beyse, Jochen. Ultraviolett: Eine Erzählung. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1990.

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Attwood, David T. Soft x-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation: Principles and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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1931-, Huffman Robert E., and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Ultraviolet technology. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1986.

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Ehret, Marie-Florence. La catastrophe ultraviolette: Roman. [Paris]: Editions de La Différence, 1989.

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R, Samson James A., and Ederer D. L, eds. Vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy. [San Diego, Calif: Academic, 2000.

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Zhang, Zi-Hui, Chunshuang Chu, Kangkai Tian, and Yonghui Zhang. Deep Ultraviolet LEDs. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6179-1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ultravioletto"

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Plewig, Gerd, and Albert M. Kligman. "Ultraviolette Strahlung." In Akne und Rosazea, 674–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57960-8_73.

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Bockelmann, Werner D. "Ultraviolett-Strahlung." In Auge — Brille — Auto, 117–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93316-5_12.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Ultraviolet." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 779. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12308.

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Weik, Martin H. "ultraviolet." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1854. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20332.

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Krause, Rolfdieter, and Rainer Stange. "Ultraviolettes Spektrum." In Lichttherapie, 79–154. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16939-7_5.

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Kuzmany, Hans. "Ultraviolett- und Röntgenspektroskopie." In Festkörperspektroskopie, 222–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74692-5_13.

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Lin, S. Y. "Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry." In Methods in Lignin Chemistry, 217–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74065-7_15.

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Fukazawa, K. "Ultraviolet Microscopy." In Methods in Lignin Chemistry, 110–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74065-7_8.

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Lago, M. T. V. T. "Ultraviolet Observations." In Formation and Evolution of Low Mass Stars, 209–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3037-7_13.

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Krueger, Arlin. "Ultraviolet Sensors." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 860–69. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_186.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ultravioletto"

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Matthews, Jerrid, Farnoosh Javadi, Gauresh Rane, Jason Zheng, Giovanni Pau, and Mario Gerla. "Ultraviolet guardian - real time ultraviolet monitoring." In the 2nd ACM international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2248341.2248350.

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Sliney, David H. "Dosimetry for ultraviolet radiation exposure of the eye." In Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.180811.

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Belkin, Michael. "Ultraviolet eye damage: the epidemiological evidence." In Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.180812.

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Cleaver, James E. "Genetics of human sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation." In Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.180813.

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Perera, Sharmila C., and Anthony P. Cullen. "Sunlight and human conjunctival action spectrum." In Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.180814.

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Coroneo, Minas T. "Ophthalmohelioses and peripheral light focusing by the anterior eye." In Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.180815.

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Maloof, Anthony J., Arthur Ho, and Minas T. Coroneo. "Peripheral light focusing by the anterior segment." In Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.180816.

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Lund, David J., Harry Zwick, Donald A. Gagliano, and Bruce E. Stuck. "Comparison of solar and laser macula retinal injury using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy spectral imaging." In Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.180817.

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Szabo, Laszlo D., Sandor Ferenczi, Z. Nagy, I. Horkay, Jozsef S. Bakos, G. Bazsa, T. Szalay, et al. "Ultraviolet radiation and skin disorders in Hungary." In Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.180818.

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Lapina, Victoria A., and Alexander E. Dontsov. "Action of UV-A and blue light on enzymes activity and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in attached and detached frog retinas." In Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.180819.

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Reports on the topic "Ultravioletto"

1

Hargis, P. J. Jr, B. L. Preppernau, and B. P. Aragon. Ultraviolet fluorescence monitor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/481480.

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Goldberg, Kenneth A. Extreme ultraviolet interferometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658173.

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Gangl, Michael, Michael Bullinger, Richard Cundiff, Jack McKay, and John Middlestadt. Ultraviolet Array Detector Research. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada312113.

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Canfield, L. Randall, and Nils Swanson. Far ultraviolet detector standards. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.sp.250-2.

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Tsai, Yuhsin. Infrared Constraint on Ultraviolet Theories. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1127958.

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Simons, John C. High Resolution Ultraviolet Filter Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada184183.

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Boysen, Dane. Characterization of Extreme Ultraviolet Coatings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1615928.

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Cross, Lee. Ultraviolet Communication for Medical Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada601826.

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Cross, Lee W. Ultraviolet Communication for Medical Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada601962.

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Early, E. A., and Ambler Thompson. Report on USDA ultraviolet spectroradiometers. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5871.

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