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1

Śpiewak, Radosław. "Ultraviolet radiation." Dermatopedia 2 (2013): 011. http://dx.doi.org/10.14320/dermatopedia.pl.2013.011.

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2

Gallagher, Richard P., Tim K. Lee, Chris D. Bajdik, and Marilyn Borugian. "Ultraviolet radiation." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 29, Supplement 1 (2010): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.29.s1.04.

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3

Schwarz, Thomas. "Ultraviolette Strahlung - Immunantwort. Ultraviolet radiation - Immune response." Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 3, s2 (September 2005): S11—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1610-0387.2005.04393.x.

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4

Kumar, Sunil, and Priyanka Kumari. "High intensity ultraviolet radiation induced changes in aquatic arthropod with retene and riboflavin." Environment Conservation Journal 12, no. 3 (December 22, 2011): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2011.120316.

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Ozone depletion is resulting into increase in ultraviolet radiation level in the world. Exposure to UV radiation has been found to have negative effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Adverse effect of natural solar and artificial ultraviolet-B and UV-A radiations was observed in crustacean species Daphnia magna in presence of retene and riboflavin. Daphnia magna exposed to artificial ultraviolet-B with retene causes maximum physiological changes and mortality, indicating that enhanced solar UV-B exposure could be lethal to aquatic fauna. Artificial UV-B had a stronger damaging effect than solar radiation and become highly toxic in presence of retene. Riboflavin is slightly phototoxic in presence of solar and artificial UV radiation. Results on mortality rate indicated highest mortality in retene + ultraviolet-B exposed group followed by riboflavin + artificial ultraviolet - B radiation. A dose and intensity dependent change in mortality rate was observed. Retene and riboflavin photoproducts with ultraviolet radiation generate reactive oxygen species leading to cell injury and mortality thus are threat to aquatic biodiversity.
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5

Yaji, Tamaki. "Ultraviolet Radiation Sensors." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 78, no. 3 (1994): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.78.3_113.

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6

Henry, Richard C., and Jayant Murthy. "Ultraviolet Background Radiation." Astrophysical Journal 418 (November 1993): L17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/187105.

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7

Henry, Richard C. "Ultraviolet Background Radiation." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 29, no. 1 (September 1991): 89–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.29.090191.000513.

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8

Parmegiani, Lodovico, Graciela Estela Cognigni, and Marco Filicori. "Ultraviolet radiation dose." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 22, no. 5 (May 2011): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.12.010.

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9

Kerr, J. B., and V. E. Fioletov. "Surface ultraviolet radiation." Atmosphere-Ocean 46, no. 1 (January 2008): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3137/ao.460108.

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10

Stanojevic, Milenko, Zorica Stanojevic, Dragan Jovanovic, and Milena Stojiljkovic. "Ultraviolet radiation and melanogenesis." Archive of Oncology 12, no. 4 (2004): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0404203s.

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Light radiation is a part of the electromagnetic radiation, and it consists of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation. UV radiation energy is absorbed in the form of photons in biomolecules (chromophores) and induces various cellular reactions, out of which photochemical and photosensitizing are the most significant. In contact with the skin UV radiation incites protection mechanisms: the most important are stratum corneum thickening and melanin synthesis (melanogenesis). Basic role of melanin is absorption and scattering of UV rays and neutralization of free radicals. In this review physical characteristics of UV radiation, its biological effects, and relation to melanogenesis and carcinogenesis are discussed.
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11

Levchenko, O. G., A. T. Malakhov, and A. Yu Arlamov. "Ultraviolet radiation in manual arc welding using covered electrodes." Paton Welding Journal 2014, no. 6 (June 28, 2014): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2014.06.33.

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12

Henry, Richard C. "Diffuse Ultraviolet Background Radiation." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 171 (1999): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100054567.

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AbstractDiffuse ultraviolet background radiation may contain important information concerning the dark matter of the universe. I briefly review new Voyager observations of the diffuse background, which give a very low upper limit on the background radiation shortward of Lyman α, and I review the capabilities for detection and characterization of diffuse radiation that will be provided by a proposed new NASA mission. Low-surface-brightness radiation remains largely an unexplored frontier, particularly in the ultraviolet.
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13

Ohotani, Fumio. "Measurement of Ultraviolet Radiation." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 70, no. 4 (1986): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.70.4_177.

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14

Gefeller, Olaf, and Katharina Diehl. "Children and Ultraviolet Radiation." Children 9, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9040537.

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15

Midelfart, Anna. "Ultraviolet radiation and cataract." Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica 83, no. 6 (November 28, 2005): 642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00595.x.

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16

COCKELL, CHARLES S., and JOHN KNOWLAND. "Ultraviolet radiation screening compounds." Biological Reviews 74, no. 3 (January 11, 2007): 311–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185x.1999.tb00189.x.

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17

Sliney, D. H. "Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure Criteria." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 91, no. 1 (September 2, 2000): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033204.

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18

Roy, C. R., and H. P. Gies. "Ultraviolet Radiation Protection Methods." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 91, no. 1 (September 2, 2000): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033209.

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19

Seckmeyer, G. "Coordinated Ultraviolet Radiation Measurements." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 91, no. 1 (September 2, 2000): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a033243.

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20

Murphy, G. M. "Ultraviolet radiation and immunosuppression." British Journal of Dermatology 161 (November 2009): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09455.x.

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21

BALASUBRAMANIAN, D. "Ultraviolet Radiation and Cataract." Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 16, no. 3 (June 2000): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jop.2000.16.285.

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22

Joseph, Lireka. "Ultraviolet Radiation and Melanoma." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 14, no. 4 (December 1997): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689701400419.

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23

Hu, Howard. "Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation." Medical Clinics of North America 74, no. 2 (March 1990): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30576-4.

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24

Kanavy, Holly E., and Meg R. Gerstenblith. "Ultraviolet Radiation and Melanoma." Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 30, no. 4 (December 2011): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sder.2011.08.003.

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25

COCKELL, CHARLES S., and JOHN KNOWLAND. "Ultraviolet radiation screening compounds." Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 74, no. 3 (August 1999): 311–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0006323199005356.

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26

Charman, W. N. "Ultraviolet radiation and cataract." British Journal of Ophthalmology 79, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.79.2.196.

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27

Choo, Vivien. "Ultraviolet radiation and carcinogenesis." Lancet 344, no. 8935 (November 1994): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90311-5.

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28

Grosset, Anne M., and Wei Fang A. Su. "Ultraviolet radiation curable paints." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development 24, no. 1 (March 1985): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i300017a021.

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29

Rastogi, Rajesh Prasad, Rajeshwar P. Sinha, Sang Hyun Moh, Taek Kyun Lee, Sreejith Kottuparambil, Youn-Jung Kim, Jae-Sung Rhee, et al. "Ultraviolet radiation and cyanobacteria." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 141 (December 2014): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.09.020.

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30

Anevskii, S. I., Yu M. Zolotarevskii, V. S. Ivanov, V. N. Krutikov, O. A. Minaeva, and R. V. Minaev. "Spectroradiometry of Ultraviolet Radiation." Measurement Techniques 58, no. 11 (February 2016): 1216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-016-0873-9.

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31

Elwood, J. Mark. "Melanoma and ultraviolet radiation." Clinics in Dermatology 10, no. 1 (January 1992): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-081x(92)90056-5.

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32

Löfgren, Stefan. "Solar ultraviolet radiation cataract." Experimental Eye Research 156 (March 2017): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2016.05.026.

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33

Bayunov, V. I., G. A. Volkova, O. V. Levina, and A. M. Pukhov. "Vacuum ultraviolet radiation source." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 3 (March 1991): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00673435.

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34

Schwarz, T. "Ultraviolet radiation-induced tolerance." Allergy 54, no. 12 (December 1999): 1252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00105.x.

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35

RINGVOLD, AMUND. "CORNEA AND ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION." Acta Ophthalmologica 58, no. 1 (May 27, 2009): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1980.tb04566.x.

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36

Klein, Richard M. "Failure of Supplementary Ultraviolet Radiation to Enhance Flower Color under Greenhouse Conditions." HortScience 25, no. 3 (March 1990): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.3.307.

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In order to determine whether the concentration of floral petal anthocyanin pigments could be increased, ultraviolet radiations in the UV-A and UV-B wavelength bands were presented to a variety of flowering plants to partly restore those wavelengths filtered out by greenhouse glass. In no tested plant did the supplementary ultraviolet radiation enhance floral anthocyanin content. Supplementary UV radiation has no economic value in greenhouse production of flowering plants.
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37

Lipponen, Antti, Simone Ceccherini, Ugo Cortesi, Marco Gai, Arno Keppens, Andrea Masini, Emilio Simeone, Cecilia Tirelli, and Antti Arola. "Advanced Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone Retrieval for Applications—Surface Ultraviolet Radiation Products." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2020): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040324.

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AURORA (Advanced Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone Retrieval for Applications) is a three-year project supported by the European Union in the frame of its H2020 Call (EO-2-2015) for “Stimulating wider research use of Copernicus Sentinel Data”. The project addresses key scientific issues relevant for synergistic exploitation of data acquired in different spectral ranges by different instruments on board the atmospheric Sentinels. A novel approach, based on the assimilation of geosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO) and low Earth orbit (LEO) fused products by application of an innovative algorithm to Sentinel-4 (S-4) and Sentinel-5 (S-5) synthetic data, is adopted to assess the quality of the unique ozone vertical profile obtained in a context simulating the operational environment. The first priority is then attributed to the lower atmosphere with calculation of tropospheric columns and ultraviolet (UV) surface radiation from the resulting ozone vertical distribution. Here we provide details on the surface UV algorithm of AURORA. Both UV index (UVI) and UV-A irradiance are provided from synthetic satellite measurements, which in turn are based on atmospheric scenarios from MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2) re-analysis. The UV algorithm is implemented in a software tool integrated in the technological infrastructure developed in the context of AURORA for the management of the synthetic data and for supporting the data processing. This was closely linked to the application-oriented activities of the project, aimed to improve the performance and functionality of a downstream application for personal UV dosimetry based on satellite data. The use of synthetic measurements from MERRA-2 gives us also a “ground truth”, against which to evaluate the performance of our UV model with varying inputs. In this study we both describe the UV algorithm itself and assess the influence that changes in ozone profiles, due to the fusion and assimilation, can cause in surface UV levels.
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38

Masnavi, Majid, and Martin Richardson. "Spectroscopic Studies of Laser-Based Far-Ultraviolet Plasma Light Source." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 6919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156919.

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A series of experiments is described which were conducted to measure the absolute spectral irradiances of laser plasmas created from metal targets over the wavelength region of 123–164 nm by two separate 1.0 μm lasers, i.e., using 100 Hz, 10 ns, 2–20 kHz, 60–100 ns full-width-at-half-maximum pulses. A maximum radiation conversion efficiency of ≈3%/2πsr is measured over a wavelength region from ≈125 to 160 nm. A developed collisional-radiative solver and radiation-hydrodynamics simulations in comparison to the spectra detected by the Seya–Namioka-type monochromator reveal the strong broadband experimental radiations which mainly originate from bound–bound transitions of low-ionized charges superimposed on a strong continuum from a dense plasma with an electron temperature of less than 10 eV.
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39

Mujahid, A. M. "Correlation Between Ultraviolet Radiation and Global Radiation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930067.

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The global ultraviolet and global radiation were measured and recorded on an hourly basis in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (lat. 24.6°N, long. 46.7°) during the period 1984–1989. Global radiation, G, was measured by an Eppley PSP pyranometer (0.285≤λ≤2.8 μm) and an Eppley TUVR radiometer (0.29≤λ≤0.385 μm) was used for the measurement of the ultraviolet radiation, UV. Both instruments were mounted on a horizontal surface. The results showed that the monthly average daily ultraviolet radiation was 197.6 Whm−2. The ratio of the monthly average daily ultraviolet radiation to the monthly average daily global radiation (Ku) varied between 0.031 to 0.037, with a mean value of 0.034. Comparison with results obtained in Kuwait, Dhahran, and Makkah showed that the data of Riyadh are in good agreement with those of Makkah and Dhahran; however, it underestimates Kuwait data. A regression correlation between Ku and KT (the ratio of the monthly average daily values of global radiation to extraterrestrial radiation) is developed. Another regression correlation between ultraviolet and global radiation on an hourly basis is also developed.
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40

Jianhui, Bai, and Wang Gengchen. "Establishing a ultraviolet radiation observational network and enhancing the study on ultraviolet radiation." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 20, no. 5 (September 2003): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02915401.

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41

Maraveas, Chrysanthos, Ioannis Vasileios Kyrtopoulos, Konstantinos G. Arvanitis, and Thomas Bartzanas. "The Aging of Polymers under Electromagnetic Radiation." Polymers 16, no. 5 (March 3, 2024): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16050689.

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Polymeric materials degrade as they react with environmental conditions such as temperature, light, and humidity. Electromagnetic radiation from the Sun’s ultraviolet rays weakens the mechanical properties of polymers, causing them to degrade. This study examined the phenomenon of polymer aging due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The study examined three specific objectives, including the key theories explaining ultraviolet (UV) radiation’s impact on polymer decomposition, the underlying testing procedures for determining the aging properties of polymeric materials, and appraising the current technical methods for enhancing the UV resistance of polymers. The study utilized a literature review methodology to understand the aging effect of electromagnetic radiation on polymers. Thus, the study concluded that using additives and UV absorbers on polymers and polymer composites can elongate the lifespan of polymers by shielding them from the aging effects of UV radiation. The findings from the study suggest that thermal conditions contribute to polymer degradation by breaking down their physical and chemical bonds. Thermal oxidative environments accelerate aging due to the presence of UV radiation and temperatures that foster a quicker degradation of plastics.
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42

Dudenkova, Natalya Anatolievna, and Olga Sergeevna Shubina. "The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the reproductive function of male white rats." Samara Journal of Science 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2022113103.

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Ultraviolet radiation is an area of electromagnetic radiation that is not perceived by the eye, which occupies the middle range between visible and X-ray radiation. Scientists and doctors have proven that ultraviolet radiation in moderate doses has a rather positive effect on the human and animal body, as well as on their health. The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the skin, blood and immune system has been well studied. However, there is practically no information about the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the reproductive system, and in particular on the male, which is most susceptible to the thermal effect received from it. Our experiment indicates that exposure to ultraviolet radiation adversely affects the reproductive function of the male gonads (testes). So, with short-term exposure to long-wave ultraviolet radiation, the protective resources of the body are first activated and active replenishment of the spent resources of the body begins, which affects a slight increase in the total concentration of epididymal spermatozoa, and their viability indicators increase slightly. With a longer exposure to long-wave ultraviolet radiation, in particular due to the thermal effect caused by it, there is a decrease in the total concentration of epididymal spermatozoa, as well as a decrease in their viability.
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43

Hodoki, Yoshikuni, and Kako H. Ohbayashi. "Species-specific responses of freshwater diatoms to solar ultraviolet radiation." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 162, no. 4 (April 25, 2005): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-9136/2005/0162-0431.

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44

Meshalkina, Nataliya, and Alexander Altyntsev. "Bright ultraviolet knots as possible sources of coherent microwave radiation." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 9, no. 4 (December 28, 2023): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-94202302.

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A distinctive feature of the September 6, 2012 event was that sources of narrow-band (2–4 GHz) sub-second pulses (SSP) were observed in small areas of flare loops with so-called bright ultraviolet knots with high plasma density up to 1011 10¹¹ cm⁻³. Time profiles of hard X-rays of the flare, although similar to microwave light curves, do not have structures corresponding to SSP. Analysis of microwave, X-ray, and ultraviolet data has shown that the observable pulses of microwave radiation with a narrow spectral band are coherent in nature and are generated by electrons with energies of several tens of kiloelectronvolt in bright knots at a double plasma frequency. The results of the observations suggest that the appearance of bright knots is associated with local processes of energy release due to interaction of flare loops.
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45

De Fabo, Edward C., Frances P. Noonan, Thomas Fears, and Glenn Merlino. "Ultraviolet B but not Ultraviolet A Radiation Initiates Melanoma." Cancer Research 64, no. 18 (September 15, 2004): 6372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1454.

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46

Jordan, Rebecca, David Howe, Francis Juanes, Jay Stauffer, and Ellis Loew. "Ultraviolet radiation enhances zooplanktivory rate in ultraviolet sensitive cichlids." African Journal of Ecology 42, no. 3 (September 2004): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2004.00494.x.

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47

Berg, Hermann. "Non-ionising radiation (Microwaves, Ultraviolet and Laser Radiation)." Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 29, no. 3 (February 1993): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(93)85017-n.

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48

Hamouda, Samir A., Najla K. Alshawish, Yasin K. Abdalla, and Maqboula K. Ibrahim. "Ultraviolet Radiation: Health Risks and Benefits." Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 10 (November 18, 2022): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjet.2022.v07i10.001.

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Recent studies have shown that the incidence of melanoma skin cancer and deaths has been increased globally, where the rate of melanoma skin cancer deaths reaches 75% among the white-skinned population. However, Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is the only known risk factor for developing melanoma skin cancer. In this study, the main concepts about the electromagnetic spectrum are introduced. The visible light bands and wavelengths are presented. The energy classifications of ultraviolet radiation are discussed. Sources of ultraviolet radiation are discussed. The optics of the skin and the interaction mechanisms of light with human skin are discussed. The relationship between ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer is discussed. And the applications and beneficial effects of ultraviolet radiation in many desplines are summarized. However, the main objectives of this study are to gain and provide knowledge about solar radiation exposure risks, benefits, and to identify factors influencing practices that increase the risk for developing melanoma.
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49

MURAYAMA, R. "Ultraviolet Radiation and Ozone Sterilization." JAPANES JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 57, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4286/ikakikaigaku.57.3_127.

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50

OHNAKA, Tadakatsu. "Health Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation." Annals of physiological anthropology 12, no. 1 (1993): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2114/ahs1983.12.1.

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