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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultratrail'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 13 April 2023

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1

Vernillo, Gianluca, Adrien Mater, Gregory Doucende, Johan Cassirame, and Laurent Mourot. "Effect of a Fatiguing Ultratrail on the Graded Energetically Optimal Stride Frequency." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 9 (October 1, 2020): 1340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0666.

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Purpose: To study the consequences of a fatiguing ultratrail run of 6 hours on self-optimizing capability during uphill and downhill (DR) running. Methods: The authors collected temporal stride kinematics and metabolic data in 8 (experimental group) male runners before and after the ultratrail run and in 6 (control group) male ultramarathon runners who did not run but stayed awake and performed normal, daily physical activities avoiding strenuous exercises over the 6-hour period. For each subject, preferred and optimal stride frequencies were measured, where stride frequency was systematically varied above and below the preferred one (±4% and ±8%) while running 3 conditions on level, 5% uphill, or 5% DR in a randomized order. Results: Preferred and optimal stride frequencies across grade, group, and time showed no significant differences (P ≥ .184). Metabolic cost and the energetically optimum metabolic cost showed a grade × group × time interaction (P ≥ .011), with an ∼11% increase in the 2 variables only during the DR bouts (P ≥ .037). Conclusions: Despite maintaining similar dynamics of stride frequency adjustments during the DR bout, the experimental group was not able to optimize its gait. This suggests that the DR section of ultratrail runs can introduce a perturbing factor in the runners’ optimization process, highlighting the need for incorporating DR bouts in the training programs of ultratrail runners to minimize the deleterious effects of DR on the energetically optimal gait.

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Willis, Sarah J., Jules Gellaerts, Benoît Mariani, Patrick Basset, Fabio Borrani, and Grégoire P. Millet. "Level Versus Uphill Economy and Mechanical Responses in Elite Ultratrail Runners." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 7 (August 1, 2019): 1001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0365.

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Purpose: To examine the net oxygen cost, oxygen kinetics, and kinematics of level and uphill running in elite ultratrail runners. Methods: Twelve top-level ultradistance trail runners performed two 5-min stages of treadmill running (level, 0%, men 15 km·h−1, women 13 km·h−1; uphill, 12%, men 10 km·h−1, women 9 km·h−1). Gas exchanges were measured to obtain the net oxygen cost and assess oxygen kinetics. In addition, running kinematics were recorded with inertial measurement unit motion sensors on the wrist, head, belt, and foot. Results: Relationships resulted between level and uphill running regarding oxygen uptake (), respiratory exchange ratio, net energy, and oxygen cost, as well as oxygen kinetics parameters of amplitude and time delay of the primary phase and time to reach steady state. Of interest, net oxygen cost demonstrated a significant correlation between level and uphill conditions (r = .826, P < .01). Kinematics parameters demonstrated relationships between level and uphill running, as well (including contact time, aerial time, stride frequency, and stiffness; all P < .01). Conclusion: This study indicated strong relationships between level and uphill values of net oxygen cost, the time constant of the primary phase of oxygen kinetics, and biomechanical parameters of contact and aerial time, stride frequency, and stiffness in elite mountain ultratrail runners. The results show that these top-level athletes are specially trained for uphill locomotion at the expense of their level running performance and suggest that uphill running is of utmost importance for success in mountain ultratrail races.

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Vernillo, G., A. Savoldelli, A. La Torre, S. Skafidas, L. Bortolan, and F. Schena. "Injury and Illness Rates During Ultratrail Running." International Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 07 (April 26, 2016): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1569347.

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4

Desamparados Bernat-Adell, María, Rania Achouak Hafsi, Pablo-Salas Medina, Ana Folch-Ayora, Carlos Hernando-Domingo, Ignacio Martínez-Navarro, and Eladio Joaquín Collado-Boira. "Hematological variability analysis after road marathon vs ultratrail." Kinesiology 52, no. 2 (2020): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.52.2.2.

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The practice of long- and medium-distance races has exponentially increased the number of participants in recent years. They are carried out under extreme conditions that cause both biochemical and anthropometric changes in athletes and, in addition, have serious risks associated, such as dehydration, thermal disorders, or hypoglycemia. Knowledge regarding alterations at hematological level after this type of effort is limited. The objectives of this pre-post analytical descriptive observational study were: to describe and compare hematological values in amateur runners pre and post road marathon and ultratrail races, and to compare the hematological parameters between the groups in the two times analyzed by means of univariate descriptive statistical analyses, intra-group pre-post comparisons (Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test), and comparisons between the groups (Mann-Whitney U Test). Effect size was calculated using Cohen’s D. An explanatory model (Multiple Logistic Regression) was created. Statistical significance was set at p<.05. The Wilcoxon test for marathon runners observed significant differences (p≤.001) in the white series. In ultratrail runners, the results were similar, with significant differences (p≤.001) in the platelet series. The Mann-Whitney U test showed the same pre-race hematological conditions for both groups, except for hematocrit and corpuscular values (p≤.001). Significant differences (p≤.001) were also found in the post-race leukocyte and neutrophil values. Significant differences in hematological parameters have been observed both between and within the groups. The differences with greater significance corresponded to the leukocyte series.

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5

Vernillo, Gianluca, Alfredo Brighenti, Eloisa Limonta, Pietro Trabucchi, Davide Malatesta, Grégoire P. Millet, and Federico Schena. "Effects of Ultratrail Running on Skeletal-Muscle Oxygenation Dynamics." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 4 (April 2017): 496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0745.

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Purpose:To quantify changes in skeletal-muscle oxygenation and pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇O2) after an extreme ultratrail running bout.Methods:Before (PRE) and after (POST) the race (330-km, 24000 D±), profiles of vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation (ie, oxyhemoglobin [O2Hb], deoxyhemoglobin [HHb], and tissue oxygenation index [TOI]) and V̇O2 were determined in 14 athletes (EXP) and 12 control adults (CON) during two 4-min constant-load cycling bouts at power outputs of 1 (p1) and 1.5 (p1.5) W/kg performed in randomized order.Results:At POST, normalized [HHb] values increased (p1, +38.0%; p1.5, +27.9%; P < .05), while normalized [O2Hb] (p1, –20.4%; p1.5, –14.4%; P < .05) and TOI (p1, –17.0%; p1.5, –17.7%; P < .05) decreased in EXP. V̇O2 values were similar (P > 0.05). An “overshoot“ in normalized [HHb]:V̇O2 was observed, although the increase was significant only during p1.5 (+58.7%, P = .003). No difference in the aforementioned variables was noted in CON (P > .05).Conclusions:The concentric and, particularly, the eccentric loads characterizing this extreme ultratrail-running bout may have led to variations in muscle structure and function, increasing the local muscle deoxygenation profile and the imbalance between O2 delivery to working muscles and muscle O2 consumption. This highlights the importance of incorporating graded training, particularly downhill bouts, to reduce the negative influence of concentric and severe eccentric loads to the microcirculatory function and to enhance the ability of runners to sustain such loading.

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TEMESI, JOHN, THOMAS RUPP, VINCENT MARTIN, PIERRICK J. ARNAL, LÉONARD FÉASSON, SAMUEL VERGES, and GUILLAUME Y. MILLET. "Central Fatigue Assessed by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Ultratrail Running." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46, no. 6 (June 2014): 1166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000207.

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7

Collado Andrés, Claudia, Bárbara Hernando, Carlos Hernando, and Conrado Martínez Cadenas. "¿Qué repercusión a nivel fisiológico puede tener realizar una carrera de ultratrail? Análisis de la alteración de biomarcadores de daño cardíaco y muscular en corredores amateurs de ultratrail." Àgora de salut VII (2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/agorasalut.2020.7.6.

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8

Bernardo, Paul Palomero, Christoph Gerum, Adrian Frischknecht, Konstantin Lubeck, and Oliver Bringmann. "UltraTrail: A Configurable Ultralow-Power TC-ResNet AI Accelerator for Efficient Keyword Spotting." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 39, no. 11 (November 2020): 4240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2020.3012320.

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9

André, C., J. Girard, S. Gautier, P. Derambure, and M. Rochoy. "Training modalities and self-medication behaviors in a sample of runners during an ultratrail." Science & Sports 35, no. 1 (February 2020): 48.e1–48.e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2019.04.007.

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10

Picco, José, Sebastián Wolff, Emanuel González Dávila, and David Wolff. "Sex differences between pre and post effort ultra marathon athletes." Revista Argentina de Cardiologia 89, no. 1 (February 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7775/rac.v89.ia.19245.

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Background: The presence of women in ultramarathon competitions has become increasingly frequent. Physiological adaptations and response to maximum exercise are influenced differently according to gender. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences observed in ultramarathon or ultratrail athletes (mountain races over 42 km), at rest (physiological adaptations) and post-endurance exercise [exercise-induced cardiac fatigue (EICF)], stratified by training parameters. Methods: Twenty-five athletes (6 women) who participated in the Mendoza crossing race (55 km in the mountains) were evaluated before and after the end of the race using Doppler echocardiography and myocardial deformation techniques (post-processing). Training and running parameters were documented with sports watches. Immediate post-endurance exercise blood withdrawal was performed to document variables associated with cardiac fatigue. Results: The race was completed by 24 athletes, 19 men (42±12 years) and 5 women (38±4 years). Women and men presented similar training loads and completed the race with no difference in time. Decreased left myocardial function parameters (EICF) were observed in 50% of men and 5% of women. Conclusions: Despite no differences in training characteristics were found, less baseline physiological adaptation and a lower incidence of EICF was observed in women.

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Dawadi, Suvash, Bikash Basyal, and Yogesh Subedi. "Morbidity Among Athletes Presenting for Medical Care During 3 Iterations of an Ultratrail Race in the Himalayas." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 31, no. 4 (December 2020): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2020.08.001.

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12

Le Goff, Caroline, Jean-François Kaux, Jordi Farre Segura, Violeta Stojkovic, Arnaud Ancion, Laurence Seidel, Patrizio Lancellotti, and Etienne Cavalier. "Evolution of the slopes of ST2 and galectin-3 during marathon and ultratrail running compared to a control group." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 58, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2019-0555.

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AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that exercising may induce cardiac damage. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) are very interesting biomarkers for heart failure and myocardial fibrosis. We aimed to compare the kinetics of emerging fibrosis cardiac biomarkers as Gal-3 and ST-2 in endurance runners, and recreational runners before and after a running event represented by a marathon and an ultratrail event.MethodsBlood samples were taken from 19 healthy non-elite marathon runners (42 km), 27 ultratour runners (67 km), and 14 recreational runners who represented the control group (10 km) just before the run (T0), just after (T1) and 3 h after (T2), in order to analyze Gal-3, ST2, hsTnT, NT-proBNP, CKMB and hsCRP. We compared the percentage of evolution and the slopes obtained from T0 to T1 (pT0T1) and from T1 to T2 (pT1T2), between the different groups of runners participating in three different races.ResultsPlasma cardiac biomarker concentrations increased significantly from baseline to immediately post-exercise and most of the time decreased over the subsequent 3-h period. For pT0T1 and pT1T2, the markers Gal-3 and ST2 showed a significant difference between types of run (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001, respectively). During the recovery time, Gal-3 returned to the baseline values but not ST2 which continued to increase.ConclusionsGal-3 and ST2 are considered as a reflection of cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. The evolution of both was different, particularly after the recovery time. ST2 values exceeding cutoff values at any time.

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Picco, José. "Diferencias de sexo entre deportistas de ultramaratón preesfuerzo y posesfuerzo." Revista Argentina de Cardiologia 89, no. 1 (February 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7775/rac.es.v89.i1.19245.

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Introducción: La presencia de mujeres en las competencias de ultramaratón se observa cada vez con más frecuencia. Las adaptaciones fisiológicas y la respuesta al máximo esfuerzo se diferencian influenciados por el sexo. Objetivos: Evaluar las diferencias observadas en los deportistas de ultramaratón o ultratrail (carreras de montaña de más de 42 km) en reposo (adaptaciones fisiológicas) y en el posesfuerzo (fatiga cardíaca inducida por el ejercicio [FCIE]), estratificado por parámetros de entrenamiento. Material y métodos: Se reclutaron veinticinco deportistas (mujeres n 6) que participaron de la carrera cruce Mendoza (55 km en montaña); fueron evaluados antes y después de la finalización de la carrera mediante ecocardiografía Doppler y técnicas de deformación miocárdica (posprocesamiento). Mediante relojes deportivos se documentaron parámetros durante el entrenamiento y la carrera. Se realizó extracción de sangre posesfuerzo inmediato para documentar variables asociadas con fatiga cardíaca. Resultados: Completaron la carrera 24 deportistas, 19 hombres (42 ± 12 años) y 5 mujeres (38 ± 4 años). Las mujeres presentaban parámetros similares de entrenamiento y completaron la prueba sin diferencia en tiempos respecto a los hombres. Se observó disminución de los parámetros de función miocárdica izquierda (fatiga cardíaca inducida por el ejercicio) en el 50% de los hombres y el 5% de las mujeres. Conclusiones: A pesar de no encontrar diferencias en las características del entrenamiento, se observó en las mujeres menos adaptación fisiológica basal y menor incidencia de fatiga cardíaca inducida por el ejercicio

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14

Mashal, Mohammad Shafiq, Marie Nalin, Fabien Bevalot, Pierre Sallet, Jérôme Guitton, and Christelle Machon. "Simultaneous quantification of 19 nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in oral fluid by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry: Application on ultratrail runner's oral fluid." Drug Testing and Analysis 14, no. 4 (January 19, 2022): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.3216.

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15

Skalny, Anatoly, Alexey Tinkov, Andrey Skalny, Yulia Medvedeva, Irina Alchinova, Olga Ajsuvakova, Mikhail Karganov, and Alexandr Nikonorov. "Ultratrace element contents in rat tissues: Comparative analysis of serum and hair as indicative matrices of the total body burden." Archives of Biological Sciences 68, no. 3 (2016): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs150929053s.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of ultratrace elements in rat tissues and to perform a comparative analysis of hair and serum as potential bioindicators of the total ultratrace element content. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow containing 0.006?0.000, 0.001?0.000, 0.017?0.002, 0.382?0.031, 0.168?0.014, 3.211?0.134, 0.095?0.006, 0.000?0.000, 6.675?0.336, 15.327?0.564, 0.002?0.000, and 1.185?0.202 ?g/g of silver (Ag), gold (Au), cesium (Cs), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), lanthanum (La), niobium (Nb), platinum (Pt), rubidium (Rb), titanium (Ti), thallium (Tl)and zirconium (Zr), respectively, from weaning to 3 months old. The ultratrace element content in the liver, kidney, muscle, heart, serum and hair was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The obtained data indicate that the highest concentrations of most of the studied elements (Ti, Zr, Ge, Nb, tungsten (W), La, uranium (U), Ag, Au, Pt) are in hair, whereas the lowest were observed in the serum. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between concentrations in the hair and other tissues for Cs, Ti, Nb, Tl, La, U and Au. At the same time, serum Cs, Rb, Ti, Ge, Nb, W, Ga, Tl and La concentrations significantly correlated with the tissue content of the respective ultratrace elements. It can be concluded that hair may be used as a potential bioindicator for certain ultratrace element content in the mammalian organism.

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Fernandes de Oliveira, Aline, Milan Svoboda, Oldřich Benada, and Jan Kratzer. "Ultratrace determination of arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry with preconcentration on gold nanoparticles." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 37, no. 3 (2022): 620–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ja00014h.

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17

Lee, Yih Hong, Hiang Kwee Lee, Jonathan Yong Chew Ho, Yijie Yang, and Xing Yi Ling. "Assembling substrate-less plasmonic metacrystals at the oil/water interface for multiplex ultratrace analyte detection." Analyst 141, no. 17 (2016): 5107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6an01239f.

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18

Hu, Tao, Wen Sang, Ke Chen, Hongxi Gu, Zhonghua Ni, and Shaoqin Liu. "Simple and sensitive colorimetric detection of a trace amount of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) with QD multilayer-modified microchannel assays." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 2 (2019): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00430g.

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19

YOKOI, KATSUHIKO. "Ultratrace Element Nutrition." Journal for the Integrated Study of Dietary Habits 13, no. 4 (2003): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2740/jisdh.13.226.

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20

Zhang, Hui, Xian Wu, Qianwen Deng, Leiming Zhang, Xuewu Fu, and Xinbin Feng. "Extraction of ultratrace dissolved gaseous mercury and reactive mercury in natural freshwater for stable isotope analysis." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 36, no. 9 (2021): 1921–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ja00212k.

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Wang, Hongyan, Jinmei Fang, Jifei Xu, Fan Wang, Bai Sun, Shengnan He, Guoping Sun, and Honglin Liu. "A hanging plasmonic droplet: three-dimensional SERS hotspots for a highly sensitive multiplex detection of amino acids." Analyst 140, no. 9 (2015): 2973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an00232j.

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22

Trziszka, Tadeusz, Zbigniew Dobrzański, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Anna Bubel, Halina Beń, Mariusz Korczyński, Damian Konkol, and Wojciech Tronina. "Assessment of Macro-, Micro-, Trace, and Ultratrace Element Concentration in Green-Legged Partridge Hens’ Eggs from a Free-Range System." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060473.

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The goal of this research was to determine the concentration of macro-, micro-, trace, and ultratrace elements in egg albumen and yolk of Green-Legged Partridge (GLP) hens (Polish native breed) maintained in a free-range system. The hens received two feed mixtures (FM), which differed in mineral content (Gr-1 and Gr-2). Analyses of 57 chemical elements were performed using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy by ICP-OES and ICP-MS techniques. FM from Gr-2 were characterized by a significantly (p < 0.05 or 0.01) higher concentration of macro- and microelements (Al, Ba, Ca, K, P, S, Si) than that from Gr-1. Among the trace and ultratrace elements there were significantly higher levels of Co, Cr, Li, Nb, Ni, Pb, Ru, Sn, and Zr, and significantly lower levels of Cs, Pd, and Te in Gr-2 compared with Gr-1. Egg albumen from hens from the Gr-2 group contained a significantly higher Ba concentration. In the case of trace and ultratrace elements, significantly greater Au, Co, Cr, Mo, Nb, Ru, and Se, and less As were recorded in the albumen from Gr-2. No significant differences were observed in the concentrations of macro- and microelements in the egg yolk. Among the examined trace and ultratrace elements, substantial differences were observed in the level of Co, Cr, Ni, Se, Sn, and Y (more in Gr-2), and Au, Hf, Hg, Nb, Nd, and Rb (less in Gr-2). Only in the case of Co and Cr concentrations in the feed (Gr-2) was a significant increase found in the albumen and yolk. Gr-2 also showed a significantly greater concentration of Ba, Nb, and Ru in the albumen, and Ni and Sn in the yolk.

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Sahoo, S., A. K. Satpati, and A. V. R. Reddy. "Electrodeposited Bi-Au nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode for the simultaneous determination of copper and mercury." RSC Advances 5, no. 33 (2015): 25794–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02977e.

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Zhan, Ping-Ping, Wen-Jie Gong, and Yong-Gang Zhao. "Use of core–shell nanoring amino-functionalized superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for matrix solid phase dispersion extraction and preconcentration of ultratrace levels of BPA from water samples." Anal. Methods 6, no. 15 (2014): 5546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00696h.

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Wang, Yuelong, Lingling Lin, Jixin Liu, Xuefei Mao, Jianhua Wang, and Deyuan Qin. "Ferric ion induced enhancement of ultraviolet vapour generation coupled with atomic fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of ultratrace inorganic arsenic in surface water." Analyst 141, no. 4 (2016): 1530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an02489g.

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Zavar Mousavi, Kobra, Yadollah Yamini, and Shahram Seidi. "Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using magnetic room temperature ionic liquid for extraction of ultra-trace amounts of parabens." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 12 (2018): 9735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj01154k.

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In this work, a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method using methyltrioctylammonium tetrachloroferrate was employed for the extraction of ultratrace amounts of parabens in water, beer and beverage samples.

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Minaberry, Yanina Susana, Jorge Stripeikis, and Mabel Tudino. "Composite materials based on hybrid mesoporous solids for flow-through determination of ultratrace levels of Cd(ii)." Analytical Methods 10, no. 26 (2018): 3144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay00879e.

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Qin, Junjie, Bohua Dong, Lixin Cao, and Wei Wang. "Photonic hydrogels for the ultratrace sensing of divalent beryllium in seawater." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 15 (2018): 4234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc00242h.

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Kumar, G. Kiran, P. S. Sharma, Suvarna Sounderajan, D. Datta, R. K. Singhal, and A. C. Udas. "Optimization of the preconcentration of selenium iv on palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs), using multivariate analysis for the inorganic speciation of selenium in environmental water samples." Analytical Methods 7, no. 19 (2015): 8262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02023a.

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A simple method for the characterization and quantification of ultratrace quantities of Se(iv) in environmental water samples by preconcentration of selenium(iv) on PdNPs was optimized by employing the multivariate strategy.

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Akkaya, Erhan, Nursu Aylin Kasa, Gülten Çetin, and Sezgin Bakirdere. "A new method for the determination of cadmium at ultratrace levels using slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration with stearic acid coated magnetite nanoparticles." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 32, no. 12 (2017): 2433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ja00303j.

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A combination of slotted quartz tube attached flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS) and stearic acid coated magnetite nanoparticle based solid phase microextraction (SPME-MNP) was used for the determination of ultratrace amounts of cadmium.

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Marguí, Eva, Alexandra de Fátima Marques, Maria de Lurdes Prisal, Manuela Hidalgo, Ignasi Queralt, and Maria Luisa Carvalho. "Total Reflection X-ray Spectrometry (TXRF) for Trace Elements Assessment in Edible Clams." Applied Spectroscopy 68, no. 11 (November 2014): 1241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/13-07364.

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The present contribution presents a preliminary investigation of the chemical composition with respect to major, minor, trace, and ultratrace elements in several clam species that are frequently used for human consumption in Portuguese markets and worldwide. In order to use a simple and rapid analytical methodology for clam analysis, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry were selected as analytical techniques. The analytical capabilities of TXRF spectrometry were evaluated for the determination of minor and trace elements in commercial edible clams. We compared the direct analysis of powdered suspensions (using different sample amounts and dispersant agents) with the analysis of the digested samples for trace element determination. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of clam digests was also performed to evaluate the analytical possibilities of TXRF spectrometry for trace and ultratrace analysis.

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32

Gohshi, Yohichi. "Ultratrace analysis by synchrotron radiation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 303, no. 3 (June 1991): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(91)90291-w.

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33

Ortner, Hugo M. "Ultratrace analysis ? Facts and fiction." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 343, no. 9-10 (1992): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00633545.

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34

Purdešová, Andrea, and Milena Dömötorová. "MSPD as sample preparation method for determination of selected pesticide residues in apples." Acta Chimica Slovaca 10, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acs-2017-0007.

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Abstract A method for extraction and fast gas chromatographic (GC) determination of twenty pesticide residues of different volatility and polarity at ultratrace concentration level in apples is presented. Apples as representatives of non-fatty food were chosen as a matrix; they are also a common raw material for baby food production. Under fast GC conditions employing a mass spectrometric detector (MSD), several parameters of the MSPD procedure were optimised. Samples were homogenised with sorbent Florisil, pesticides were eluted with the optimised volume of etylacetate. After solvent evaporation to dryness, reconstitution of the rest to toluene follow and the final extract was injected. Recoveries obtained at three selected concentration levels were determined. The optimised procedure led to recoveries ≥ 90 % for the majority of the studied pesticides and the limits of quantification (LOQs) < 5 μg.kg-1. Repeatability of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurements of the matrix matched standards, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD [%]), was in most cases acceptable for ultratrace concentration levels of pesticide residues.

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Morgan, C. A., C. L. Davis, B. W. Smith, and J. D. Winefordner. "Evaluation of a Microcavity Hollow Cathode Discharge Emission Source." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 2 (February 1994): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702944028452.

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A microcavity hollow cathode discharge emission source has been designed and evaluated for ultratrace analysis of sub-μL samples of solution residues. It was found that sample drying time and cathode precondition had a significant effect on the signal-to-background and signal-to-noise ratios. Detection limits for Cu and Pb were determined to be 10 pg and 210 fg, respectively.

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Pacquette, Lawrence H., Joseph J. Thompson, M. Farrow, M. Feller, Y. Fenpeng, M. Gray, I. Malaviole, et al. "Determination of Chromium, Selenium, and Molybdenum in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritional Products by Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry: Collaborative Study, Final Action 2011.19." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 6 (November 1, 2015): 1702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.15-139.

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Abstract AOAC First Action Method 2011.19: Chromium, Selenium, and Molybdenum in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritional Products, was collaboratively studied. This method uses microwave digestion of samples with nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and internal standard followed by simultaneous detection of the elements by an inductively coupled plasma (ICP)/MS instrument equipped with a collision/ reaction cell. During this collaborative study, nine laboratories from four different countries, using seven different models of ICP/MS instruments, analyzed blind duplicates of seven infant, pediatric, and adult nutritional formulas. One laboratory's set of data was rejected in its entirety. The method demonstrated acceptable repeatability and reproducibility and met the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs®) for almost all of the matrixes analyzed. The Cr, Mo, and Se SPIFAN requirement for repeatability was ≤5% RSD. The SMPR called for a reproducibility of ≤15% RSD for products with ultratrace element concentrations above the targeted LOQ of 20 μg/kg Cr/Mo and 10 μg/kg Se (as ready-to-feed). During this collaborative study, RSDr ranged from 1.0 to 7.0% and RSDR ranged from 2.5 to 13.4% across all three ultratrace elements.

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Hu, Hongzhi, Ying Liang, Shuo Li, Qing Guo, and Chancui Wu. "A Modifiedo-Phthalaldehyde Fluorometric Analytical Method for Ultratrace Ammonium in Natural Waters Using EDTA-NaOH as Buffer." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/728068.

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In the existence of appropriate amount of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), precipitation would not occur in seawater and other natural waters even if the sample solution was adjusted to strong basicity, and the NH3-OPA-sulfite reaction at the optimal pH range could be used to determine ammonium in natural waters. Based on this, a modifiedo-phthalaldehyde fluorometric analytical method has been established to determine ultratrace ammonium in natural waters. Experimental parameters, including reagent concentration, pH, reaction time, and effect of EDTA, were optimized throughout the experiments based on univariate experimental design. The results showed that the optimal pH range was between 10.80 and 11.70. EDTA did not obviously affect the fluorometric intensity. The linearity range of the proposed method was 0.032–0.500 µmol/L, 0.250–3.00 µmol/L, and 1.00–20.0 µmol/L at the excitation/emission slit of 3 nm/5 nm, 3 nm/3 nm, and 1.5 nm/1.5 nm, respectively. The method detection limit was 0.0099 µmol/L. Compared to the classical OPA method, the proposed method had the advantage of being more sensitive and could quantify ultratrace ammonium without enrichment.

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38

Ahuja, S. "Trace and Ultratrace Analysis by HPLC." Journal of Liquid Chromatography 11, no. 9-10 (July 1988): 2175–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01483918808069048.

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Nielsen, Forrest H. "Nutritional Significance of the Ultratrace Elements." Nutrition Reviews 46, no. 10 (April 27, 2009): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1988.tb05356.x.

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Tondeur, Yves, and Jerry Hart. "Ultratrace extraction of persistent organic pollutants." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 28, no. 10 (November 2009): 1137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2009.07.009.

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41

Bayol, A. "Trace and Ultratrace Analysis by HPLC." Biochimie 74, no. 6 (June 1992): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(92)90161-7.

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42

Ahuja, S., G. Thompson, and J. Smith. "Trace/ultratrace analyses of unstable compounds." Journal of Chromatography A 471 (June 1989): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94192-x.

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43

van Zoonen, Piet. "Trace and ultratrace analysis by HPLC." Journal of Chromatography A 637, no. 1 (May 1993): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)83109-6.

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Haddad, PaulR. "Trace and Ultratrace Analysis by HPLC." Analytica Chimica Acta 268, no. 2 (October 1992): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(92)85233-v.

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Ritsche, Paul, Oliver Faude, Martino Franchi, Taija Finni, Olivier Seynnes, and Neil Cronin. "DL_Track - Automated analysis of muscle architecture from B-mode ultrasonography images using deep learning." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 088. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss088.

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B-mode ultrasound is commonly used to image musculoskeletal tissues, but one major bottleneck is data analysis. Manual analysis is commonly deployed for assessment of muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length in muscle ultrasonography images. However, manual analysis is somewhat subjective, laborious and requires thorough experience. We provide an openly available algorithm (DL_Track) to automatically analyze muscle architectural parameters in ultrasonography images or videos of human lower limb muscles. We trained two different neural networks (classic U-net [Ronneberger et al., 2021] and U-net with VGG16 [Simonyan & Zisserman, 2015] pretrained encoder) one to detect muscle fascicles and another to detect muscle aponeuroses using a set of labelled musculoskeletal ultrasound images. We included images from four different devices of the vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis, tibilias anterior and soleus. In total, we included 310 images for the fascicle model and 570 images for the aponeuroses model, which we augmented to about 1,700 images per set. Each dataset was randomly split into a training and test set for model training, using a common 80/20 train/test split. We determined the best performing model based on intersection-over-union and loss metrics calculated during model training. We compared neural network predictions on an unseen test set consisting of 35 images to those obtained via manual analysis and two existing semi/automated analysis approaches (SMA and Ultratrack). Across the set of 35 unseen images, the mean differences between DL_Track and manual analysis were for fascicle length -2.4 mm (95% compatibility interval (CI) = -3.7 to -1.2), for pennation angle 0.6° (-0.2 to 1.4), and for muscle thickness -0.6 mm (-1.2 to 0.002). The corresponding values comparing DL_Track with SMA were for fascicle length 5.2 mm (1.3 to 9.0), for pennation angle -1.4° (-2.6 to -0.4) and for muscle thickness -0.9 mm (-1.5 to -0.3) respectively. ICC values between DL_Track and Ultratrack were 0.19 (0.00 to 0.35) for medial gastrocnemius passive contraction, 0.79 (0.77 to 0.81) for medial gastrocnemius maximal voluntary contraction, 0.88 (0.87 to 0.89) for calf raise, 0.67 (0.07 to 0.86) for medial gastrocnemius during walking, 0.80 (0.79 to 0.82) for tibialis passive plantar and dorsiflexion, and 0.85 (0.83 to 0.86) for tibialis anterior maximum voluntary contraction. Our method is fully automated and can estimate fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness from single images or videos in multiple superficial muscles. For single images, the method gave results that are in agreement with those produced by SMA or manual analysis. Similarly, for videos, there was overlap between the results produced with Ultratrack and our method. In contrast to Ultratrack, DL_Track analyzes each frame independently of the previous frames, which might explain the observerd variability. References Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., & Brox, T. (2021). U-Net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1505.04597 Simonyan, K., & Zisserman, A. (2015). Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1409.1556

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OKOCHI, Haruno, Takeshi KOBAYASHI, and Shinji ITOH. "Ultratrace Chemical Analysis-State of the Art." Tetsu-to-Hagane 77, no. 11 (1991): 1889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.77.11_1889.

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He Shengnan, 贺胜男, 马永梅 Ma Yongmei, 李丹丹 Li Dandan, 武帅 Wu Shuai, 刘锦淮 Liu Jinhuai, and 刘洪林 Liu Honglin. "Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy for Ultratrace Hg2+Detection." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 50, no. 7 (2013): 073005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop50.073005.

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Simm, Andrew O., Craig E. Banks, and Richard G. Compton. "Sonically Assisted Electroanalytical Detection of Ultratrace Arsenic." Analytical Chemistry 76, no. 17 (September 2004): 5051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac049331a.

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Ortner, Hugo M., and Peter Wilhartitz. "Ultratrace and microdistribution analysis in material sciences." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 337, no. 6 (1990): 686–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00323102.

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50

Martin, Michael W., and Russel A. Giacofei. "Ultratrace anion analysis of high-purity water." Journal of Chromatography A 644, no. 2 (August 1993): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80716-l.

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