Journal articles: 'Ultrathin Membrane'

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Shimidzu, Takeo. "Ultrathin Conducting Polymers Membranes." membrane 17, no. 5 (1992): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.17.292.

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Kim, Dongsu, Yeonghwan Jang, Eunho Choi, Ji Eon Chae, and Segeun Jang. "Reinforced Nafion Membrane with Ultrathin MWCNTs/Ceria Layers for Durable Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Membranes 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111073.

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For further commercializing proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, it is crucial to attain long-term durability while achieving high performance. In this study, a strategy for modifying commercial Nafion membranes by introducing ultrathin multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/CeO2 layers on both sides of the membrane was developed to construct a mechanically and chemically reinforced membrane electrode assembly. The dispersion properties of the MWCNTs were greatly improved through chemical modification with acid treatment, and the mixed solution of MWCNTs/CeO2 was uniformly prepared through a high-energy ball-milling process. By employing a spray-coating technique, the ultrathin MWCNTs/CeO2 layers were introduced onto the membrane surfaces without any agglomeration problem because the solvent rapidly evaporated during the layer-by-layer stacking process. These ultrathin and highly dispersed MWCNTs/CeO2 layers effectively reinforced the mechanical properties and chemical durability of the membrane while minimizing the performance drop despite their non-ion-conducting properties. The characteristics of the MWCNTs/CeO2 layers and the reinforced Nafion membrane were investigated using various in situ and ex situ measurement techniques; in addition, electrochemical measurements for fuel cells were conducted.

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KIM, Jedeok, Kazuya Yamasaki, Hitoshi Ishimoto, and Yusuke Takata. "Ultrathin Electrolyte Membranes with PFSA-Vinylon Intermediate Layers for PEM Fuel Cells." Polymers 12, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081730.

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We prepared ultrathin PFSA/PFSA-vinylon/PFSA laminated electrolyte membranes (thickness = 10 μm) for fuel cells without using a reinforcing material. Nafion and Aquivion solutions were used as PFSA polymers. Vinylon was synthesized by formalizing polyvinyl alcohol. From the current-voltage measurements using ultrathin PFSA/PFSA-vinylon/PFSA membranes; the cell resistances are significantly lower than that using a 50 μm Nafion membrane. A high current density was obtained under both low- and high-humidity conditions. Ultrathin PFSA/PFSA-vinylon/PFSA laminated membranes will help to further improve the performance of PEMFCs.

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Fazullin, D. D., L. I. Fazullina, G. V. Mavrin, I. G. Shaikhiev, and V. O. Dryakhlov. "Composite membranes with cellulose acetate surface layer for water treatment." Perspektivnye Materialy 2 (2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2021-2-32-40.

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Microporous composite membranes containing from one to three ultrathin layers were obtained by multistage immersion of a paper base in a solution of cellulose acetate in acetone. The physicochemical properties of membranes have been studied and the parameters of membrane separation of heavy metal ions from tap water have been determined. An increase in the particle size and a decrease in the absolute value of the ζ-potential with an increase in the concentration of cellulose acetate in acetone were revealed. It was found that the porosity of the membranes increased from 47 % to 51 % depending on the number of ultrathin cellulose acetate layers on the substrate surface. A decrease in the moisture absorption of composite membranes and an increase in the contact angle of wetting with distilled water from 30.0° to 68.8°, depending on the number of ultrathin layers, were noted. Microscopic examination of the membrane surface showed that the ultrathin layer consists of many pores with sizes less than 1 micron. The absorption bands in the IR spectra of cellulose acetate and the surface of the composite microporous cellulose acetate (MAC) membrane are identical. The retention capacity of MAC composite membranes, determined by iron ions from an iron (III) chloride solution, ranged from 47.5 to 97.4 % depending on the number of cellulose acetate layers on the substrate surface with a specific productivity of 27.9 to 7399 dm3/(m2·h) and a pressure of 0.35 MPa. A high selectivity of a microporous membrane of three layers of cellulose acetate (MAC3) with respect to heavy metal ions contained in tap water was established: Cr3+ (96 %) > Cu2+ (92 %) > Fe3+ (90 %) > Mn2+ (45 %).

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Cao, Zishu, Shixuan Zeng, Zhi Xu, Antonios Arvanitis, Shaowei Yang, Xuehong Gu, and Junhang Dong. "Ultrathin ZSM-5 zeolite nanosheet laminated membrane for high-flux desalination of concentrated brines." Science Advances 4, no. 11 (November 2018): eaau8634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8634.

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The tremendous potential of zeolite membranes for efficient molecular separation via size-exclusion effects is highly desired by the energy and chemical industries, but its practical realization has been hindered by nonselective permeation through intercrystalline spaces and high resistance to intracrystalline diffusion in the conventional zeolite membranes of randomly oriented polycrystalline structures. Here, we report the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite nanosheets with very large aspect ratios and nanometer-scale thickness in the preferred straight channel direction. We used these ZSM-5 nanosheets to fabricate ultrathin (<500 nm) laminated membranes on macroporous alumina substrates by a simple dip-coating process and subsequent consolidation via vapor-phase crystallization. This ultrathinb-oriented ZSM-5 membrane has demonstrated extraordinary water flux combined with high salt rejection in pervaporation desalination for brines containing up to 24 weight % of dissolved NaCl. The ZSM-5 nanosheets may also offer opportunities to developing high-performance battery ion separators, catalysts, adsorbents, and thin-film sensors.

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Jugade, Sanket S., Anuj Aggarwal, and Akshay K. Naik. "Nanomechanical spectroscopy of ultrathin silicon nitride suspended membranes." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 94, no. 2 (May 2021): 20301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2021210068.

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Mechanical properties of a nanomechanical resonator significantly impact the performance of a resonant Nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) device. We study the mechanical properties of suspended membranes fabricated out of low-pressure chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride thin films. We fabricated doubly-clamped membranes of silicon nitride with thickness less than 50 nm and length varying from 5 to 60 μm. The elastic modulus and stress in the suspended membranes were measured using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)-based nanomechanical spectroscopy. The elastic moduli of the suspended membranes are significantly higher than those of corresponding on-substrate thin films. We observed a reduction in net stress after the fabrication of suspended membrane, which is explained by estimating the thermal stress and intrinsic stress. We also use a mathematical model to study the stress and thickness-dependent elastic modulus of the ultrathin membranes. Lastly, we study the capillary force-gradient between the SiNx suspended membrane-Si substrate that could collapse the suspended membrane.

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Park, Sung-Joon, Won-Gi Ahn, Wansuk Choi, Sang-Hee Park, Jong Suk Lee, Hyun Wook Jung, and Jung-Hyun Lee. "A facile and scalable fabrication method for thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes: dual-layer slot coating." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 14 (2017): 6648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00891k.

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Lu, Zhengmao, Kyle L. Wilke, Daniel J. Preston, Ikuya Kinefuchi, Elizabeth Chang-Davidson, and Evelyn N. Wang. "An Ultrathin Nanoporous Membrane Evaporator." Nano Letters 17, no. 10 (September 27, 2017): 6217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02889.

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Shin, Min-Gyu, Wansuk Choi, and Jung-Hyun Lee. "Highly Selective and pH-Stable Reverse Osmosis Membranes Prepared via Layered Interfacial Polymerization." Membranes 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020156.

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Ultrathin and smooth polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have attracted significant interest due to their potential advantages of high permeance and low fouling propensity. Although a layered interfacial polymerization (LIP) technique aided by the insertion of a polyelectrolyte interlayer has proven effective in fabricating ultrathin and uniform membranes, the RO performance and pH stability of the fabricated LIP membrane remain inadequate. In this study, a poly(piperazineamide) (PIPA) layer prepared via interfacial polymerization (IP) was employed as an interlayer to overcome the limitations of the prototype LIP method. Similar to the control polyelectrolyte-interlayered LIP membrane, the PIPA-interlayered LIP (pLIP) membrane had a much thinner (~20 nm) and smoother selective layer than the membrane fabricated via conventional IP due to the highly surface-confined and uniform LIP reaction. The pLIP membrane also exhibited RO performance exceeding that of the control LIP and conventional IP-assembled membranes, by enabling denser monomer deposition and a more confined interfacial reaction. Importantly, the chemically crosslinked PIPA interlayer endowed the pLIP membrane with higher pH stability than the control polyelectrolyte interlayer. The proposed strategy enables the fabrication of high-performance and pH-stable PA membranes using hydrophilic supports, which can be applied to other separation processes, including osmosis-driven separation and organic solvent filtration.

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Li, Hang, Zhuonan Song, Xiaojie Zhang, Yi Huang, Shiguang Li, Yating Mao, Harry J. Ploehn, Yu Bao, and Miao Yu. "Ultrathin, Molecular-Sieving Graphene Oxide Membranes for Selective Hydrogen Separation." Science 342, no. 6154 (October 3, 2013): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1236686.

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Ultrathin, molecular-sieving membranes have great potential to realize high-flux, high-selectivity mixture separation at low energy cost. Current microporous membranes [pore size < 1 nanometer (nm)], however, are usually relatively thick. With the use of current membrane materials and techniques, it is difficult to prepare microporous membranes thinner than 20 nm without introducing extra defects. Here, we report ultrathin graphene oxide (GO) membranes, with thickness approaching 1.8 nm, prepared by a facile filtration process. These membranes showed mixture separation selectivities as high as 3400 and 900 for H2/CO2 and H2/N2 mixtures, respectively, through selective structural defects on GO.

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Castro-Muñoz, Roberto, Kumar Varoon Agrawal, and Joaquín Coronas. "Ultrathin permselective membranes: the latent way for efficient gas separation." RSC Advances 10, no. 21 (2020): 12653–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra02254c.

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This review focuses on the application of ultrathin membranes for gas separation, describing the membrane preparation protocols applied. This includes atomic layer deposition, in situ crystal formation, interfacial polymerization and Langmuir–Blodgett technique.

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Ji, Yufan, Yuyang Song, Yiping Huang, Hao Zhu, Changhai Yue, Fujian Liu, and Jing Zhao. "One-Step Synthesis of Ultrathin Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-8 (ZIF-8) Membrane on Unmodified Porous Support via Electrophoretic Deposition." Membranes 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111062.

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are regarded as the next-generation, disruptive membrane materials, yet the straightforward fabrication of ultrathin MOF membranes on an unmodified porous support remains a critical challenge. In this work, we proposed a facile, one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method for the growth of ultrathin zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) membranes on a bare porous support. The crystallinity, morphology and coverage of ZIF-8 particles on support surface can be optimized via regulating EPD parameters, yet it is still difficult to ensure the integrity of a ZIF-8 membrane with the constant voltage mode. In contrast, the constant current mode is more beneficial to the growth of a defect-free ZIF-8 membrane due to the steady migration rate of colloid particles toward the electrode. With a current of 0.65 mA/cm2 and deposition time of 60 min, a 300 nm thick ZIF-8 membrane was obtained, which exhibits a CO2 permeance of 334 GPU and a CO2/CH4 separation factor of 8.8, evidencing the defect-free structure.

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Park, Sunghwan, Kie Yong Cho, and Hae-Kwon Jeong. "Enhancing the propylene/propane separation performances of ZIF-8 membranes by post-synthetic surface polymerization." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 4 (2022): 1940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta08705c.

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The microstructural defects of ZIF-8 membranes were effectively sealed with sub-10 nm thick ultrathin PMMA layers by post-synthetic surface polymerization, significantly improving their C3H6/C3H8 separation performances and membrane reproducibility.

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Neklyudova, M., A. K. Erdamar, L. Vicarelli, S. J. Heerema, T. Rehfeldt, G. Pandraud, Z. Kolahdouz, C. Dekker, and H. W. Zandbergen. "Through-membrane electron-beam lithography for ultrathin membrane applications." Applied Physics Letters 111, no. 6 (August 7, 2017): 063105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4986991.

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Ahn, Myeong-Su, Jaehun Jeon, Kyung-Won Jang, and Ki-Hun Jeong. "Large-Area and Ultrathin MEMS Mirror Using Silicon Micro Rim." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070754.

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A large-area and ultrathin MEMS (microelectromechanical system) mirror can provide efficient light-coupling, a large scanning area, and high energy efficiency for actuation. However, the ultrathin mirror is significantly vulnerable to diverse film deformation due to residual thin film stresses, so that high flatness of the mirror is hardly achieved. Here, we report a MEMS mirror of large-area and ultrathin membrane with high flatness by using the silicon rim microstructure (SRM). The ultrathin MEMS mirror with SRM (SRM-mirror) consists of aluminum (Al) deposited silicon nitride membrane, bimorph actuator, and the SRM. The SRM is simply fabricated underneath the silicon nitride membrane, and thus effectively inhibits the tensile stress relaxation of the membrane. As a result, the membrane has high flatness of 10.6 m−1 film curvature at minimum without any deformation. The electrothermal actuation of the SRM-mirror shows large tilting angles from 15° to −45° depending on the applied DC voltage of 0~4 VDC, preserving high flatness of the tilting membrane. This stable and statically actuated SRM-mirror spurs diverse micro-optic applications such as optical sensing, beam alignment, or optical switching.

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Huang, Xinyi, Wenlai Jiang, Jianfeng Zhou, Deng-Guang Yu, and Hui Liu. "The Applications of Ferulic-Acid-Loaded Fibrous Films for Fruit Preservation." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 4947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224947.

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The aim of this study was to develop a novel ultrathin fibrous membrane with a core–sheath structure as an antioxidant food packaging membrane. The core–sheath structure was prepared by coaxial electrospinning, and the release of active substances was regulated by its special structure. Ferulic acid (FA) was incorporated into the electrospun zein/polyethylene oxide ultrathin fibers to ensure their synergistic antioxidant properties. We found that the prepared ultrathin fibers had a good morphology and smooth surface. The internal structure of the fibers was stable, and the three materials that we used were compatible. For the different loading positions, it was observed that the core layer ferulic-acid-loaded fibers had a sustained action, while the sheath layer ferulic-acid-loaded fibers had a pre-burst action. Finally, apples were selected for packaging using fibrous membranes to simulate practical applications. The fibrous membrane was effective in reducing water loss and apple quality loss, as well as extending the shelf life. According to these experiments, the FA-loaded zein/PEO coaxial electrospinning fiber can be used as antioxidant food packaging and will also undergo more improvements in the future.

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Ye, J., G. Dan, and Q. Yuan. "The Preparation of Ultrathin Palladium Membrane." Key Engineering Materials 61-62 (January 1992): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.61-62.437.

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Dragoman, Mircea, Ion Tiginyanu, Daniela Dragoman, Tudor Braniste, and Vladimir Ciobanu. "Memristive GaN ultrathin suspended membrane array." Nanotechnology 27, no. 29 (June 13, 2016): 295204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/29/295204.

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Xie, Jian Fei. "An Electrospun Polyimide Ultrathin Fiber Membrane for Particle Filtration of Hot Gas." Advanced Materials Research 1048 (October 2014): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1048.489.

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Electrospun membrane filters used to remove particles from hot gases were highly desired to meet the requirement of application in high temperature. Polyimide is a kind of high performance polymer, especially for excellent thermal stability and chemical resistance. In this paper, the polyimide precursor poly (amic acid) (PAA) was synthesized from 3,3’,4,4’-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and 4,4’-methylenedianiline (MDA), the polyimide (PI) ultrathin fiber membrane was fabricated by electrospinning and followed by thermal imidization. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectrometry (IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for the characterizations of the polyimide ultrathin fiber Membrane, the tests show that the diameter of ultrathin fiber is uniform with an average size of around 400nm and the membrane is thermally stable at a high temperature of 500°C.

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Dimitropoulos, Marinos, George Trakakis, Nikolaus Meyerbröker, Raphael Gehra, Polina Angelova, Albert Schnieders, Christos Pavlou, Christos Kostaras, Costas Galiotis, and Konstantinos Dassios. "Nanomechanics of Ultrathin Carbon Nanomembranes." Nanomaterials 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2023): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13020267.

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Ultrathin carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) are two−dimensional materials (2DM) of a few nm thickness with sub−nm intrinsic pores that mimic the biofiltration membranes found in nature. They enable highly selective, permeable, and energy−efficient water separation and can be produced at large scales on porous substrates with tuned properties. The present work reports the mechanical performance of such CNMs produced by p−nitrobiphenyl phosphonic acid (NBPS) or polyvinylbiphenyl (PVBP) and their composite membranes of microporous supporting substrates, which constitute indispensable information for ensuring their mechanical stability during operation. Measuring the nanomechanical properties of the ultrathin material was achieved by atomic force microscopy (AFM) on membranes both supported on flat substrates and suspended on patterned substrates (“composite membrane”). The AFM analysis showed that the CNMs presented Young’s modulus in the range of 2.5–8 GPa. The composite membranes’ responses were investigated by tensile testing in a micro−tensile stage as a function of substrate thickness and substrate pore density and diameter, which were found to affect the mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to investigate the thermal stability of composite membranes at high temperatures. The results revealed the structural integrity of CNMs, while critical parameters governing their mechanical response were identified and discussed.

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Nguyen, Hang Thi, Lisa A. O’Donovan, Henrietta Venter, Cecilia C. Russell, Adam McCluskey, Stephen W. Page, Darren J. Trott, and Abiodun D. Ogunniyi. "Comparison of Two Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods to Visualize Drug-Induced Alterations of Gram-Negative Bacterial Morphology." Antibiotics 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030307.

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In this study, we optimized and compared different transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods to visualize changes to Gram-negative bacterial morphology induced by treatment with a robenidine analogue (NCL195) and colistin combination. Aldehyde-fixed bacterial cells (untreated, treated with colistin or NCL195 + colistin) were prepared using conventional TEM methods and compared with ultrathin Tokuyasu cryo-sections. The results of this study indicate superiority of ultrathin cryo-sections in visualizing the membrane ultrastructure of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a clear delineation of the outer and inner membrane as well as the peptidoglycan layer. We suggest that the use of ultrathin cryo-sectioning can be used to better visualize and understand drug interaction mechanisms on the bacterial cell membrane.

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Tanaka, Motomu. "Polymer-Supported Membranes: Physical Models of Cell Surfaces." MRS Bulletin 31, no. 7 (July 2006): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2006.135.

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The functional modification of solid surfaces with plasma membrane models has been drawing increasing attention as a straightforward strategy to bridge soft biological materials and hard inorganic materials. Planar model membranes can be deposited either directly on solid substrates (solid-supported membranes), or on ultrathin polymer supports (polymer-supported membranes) that mimic the generic role of the extracellular matrix and the cell surface. The first part of this review provides an overview of advances in the fabrication of polymer-supported membranes. The middle section describes how such thin polymer interlayers can physically modulate the membrane–substrate contact. The last section introduces several methods to localize membranes and membrane proteins. Finally, some ideas are presented on combining supported membrane concepts with semiconductor technology toward applications in materials science.

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Chisca, Stefan, Valentina-Elena Musteata, Wen Zhang, Serhii Vasylevskyi, Gheorghe Falca, Edy Abou-Hamad, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Mustafa Altunkaya, and Suzana P. Nunes. "Polytriazole membranes with ultrathin tunable selective layer for crude oil fractionation." Science 376, no. 6597 (June 3, 2022): 1105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm7686.

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The design of materials and their manufacture into membranes that can handle industrial conditions and separate complex nonaqueous mixtures are challenging. We report a versatile strategy to fabricate polytriazole membranes with 10-nanometer-thin selective layers containing subnanometer channels for the separation of hydrocarbons. The process involves the use of the classical nonsolvent-induced phase separation method and thermal cross-linking. The membrane selectivity can be tuned to the lower end of the typical nanofiltration range (200 to 1000 gram mole −1 ). The polytriazole membrane can enrich up to 80 to 95% of the hydrocarbon content with less than 10 carbon atoms (140 gram mole −1 ). These membranes preferentially separate paraffin over aromatic components, making them suitable for integration in hybrid distillation systems for crude oil fractionation.

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Wood, O. R., W. J. Trybula, J. Greschner, S. Kalt, T. Bayer, S. Shimizu, H. Yamamoto, et al. "Ultrathin membrane masks for electron projection lithography." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 22, no. 6 (2004): 3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1802911.

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Han, Yi, Zhen Xu, and Chao Gao. "Ultrathin Graphene Nanofiltration Membrane for Water Purification." Advanced Functional Materials 23, no. 29 (February 26, 2013): 3693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201202601.

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Liu, Hao, Runmin Tian, Chunxu Liu, Jinghan Zhang, Mingwei Tian, Xin Ning, Xingyou Hu, and Hang Wang. "Precise Control of the Preparation of Proton Exchange Membranes via Direct Electrostatic Deposition." Polymers 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 3975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193975.

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In this work, we reported a novel preparation method for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) named, the direct electrostatic deposition method. In theory, any required thickness and size of PEM can be precisely controlled via this method. By direct electrostatic spraying of Nafion solution containing amino modified SiO2 nanoparticles onto a metal collector, a hybrid membrane of 30 μm thickness was fabricated. The DMFC assembled with a prepared ultrathin membrane showed a maximum power density of 124.01 mW/cm2 at 40 °C and 100% RH, which was 95.29% higher than that of Nafion. This membrane formation method provides potential benefits for the preparation of ultrathin PEMs.

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Jian, Meipeng, Ruosang Qiu, Yun Xia, Jun Lu, Yu Chen, Qinfen Gu, Ruiping Liu, et al. "Ultrathin water-stable metal-organic framework membranes for ion separation." Science Advances 6, no. 23 (June 2020): eaay3998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay3998.

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Owing to the rich porosity and uniform pore size, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer substantial advantages over other materials for the precise and fast membrane separation. However, achieving ultrathin water-stable MOF membranes remains a great challenge. Here, we first report the successful exfoliation of two-dimensional (2D) monolayer aluminum tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin framework (termed Al-MOF) nanosheets. Ultrathin water-stable Al-MOF membranes are assembled by using the exfoliated nanosheets as building blocks. While achieving a water flux of up to 2.2 mol m−2 hour−1 bar−1, the obtained 2D Al-MOF laminar membranes exhibit rejection rates of nearly 100% on investigated inorganic ions. The simulation results confirm that intrinsic nanopores of the Al-MOF nanosheets domain the ion/water separation, and the vertically aligned aperture channels are the main transport pathways for water molecules.

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Foisal, A. R. M., T. Dinh, A. Iacopi, L. Hold, E. W. Streed, and D. V. Dao. "Optical and Electrical Characterizations of Nanoscale Robust 3C-SiC Membrane for UV Sensing Applications." Key Engineering Materials 775 (August 2018): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.775.278.

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This paper presents the fabrication and optical characterization of an ultrathin 3C-SiC membrane for UV light detection. SiC nanoscale film was grown on Si substrate and subsequently released to form a robust membrane with a high aspect ratio of about 5000. Transmission measurements were performed to determine the thickness of the film with a high accuracy of 98%. We also employed a simple and highly effective direct wirebonding technique to form electrical contacts to the SiC membrane. The considerable change in the photocurrent of the SiC membrane was observed under UV illumination, indicating the potential of using 3C-SiC membranes for UV detection.

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Liu, Ming, Xun Zhu, Qiang Liao, Rong Chen, Dingding Ye, Gang Chen, and Kun Wang. "Catalytic Membrane Microreactors with an Ultrathin Freestanding Membrane for Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 8 (February 5, 2020): 9806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b22345.

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Kawakami, Hiroyoshi. "Gas Transport Properties of Fluorinated Polyimide Ultrathin Membranes and Their Application in Medicine." membrane 24, no. 4 (1999): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.24.200.

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Bucher, Thomas, Juliana Isabel Clodt, Clarissa Abetz, Barbara Bajer, and Volkan Filiz. "Spraying of Ultrathin Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes—A Story about Challenges and Limitations." Membranes 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120404.

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Isoporous membranes can be prepared by a combination of self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers and the non-solvent induced phase separation process. As the general doctor-blade technique suffers from high consumption of expensive block copolymer, other methods to reduce its concentration in the casting solution are sought after. Decreasing the block copolymer concentration during membrane casting and applying the block copolymer solution on a support membrane to obtain ultrathin isoporous membrane layers with e.g., spraying techniques, can be an answer. In this work we focused on the question if upscaling of thin block copolymer membranes produced by spraying techniques is feasible. To upscale the spray coating process, three different approaches were pursued, namely air-brush, 1-fluid nozzles and 2-fluid nozzles as generally used in the coating industry. The different spraying systems were implemented successfully in a membrane casting machine. Thinking about future development of isoporous block copolymer membranes in application it was significant that a continuous preparation process can be realised combining spraying of thin layers and immersion of the thin block copolymer layers in water to ensure phase-separation. The system was tested using a solution of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer. A detailed examination of the spray pattern and its homogeneity was carried out. The limitations of this method are discussed.

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Yang, Kaijie, Tingting Pan, Seunghyun Hong, Kun Zhang, Xiaoying Zhu, and Baoliang Chen. "Ultrathin graphene oxide membrane with constructed tent-shaped structures for efficient and tunable molecular sieving." Environmental Science: Nano 7, no. 8 (2020): 2373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0en00401d.

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Ma, Teng, Madoka Sato, Daisuke Tadaki, Xingyao Feng, and Ayumi Hirano-Iwata. "Development of Multifunctional Ultrathin Films Based on Lipid Bilayer Structures Formed on Microfabricated Chips." MEMBRANE 45, no. 3 (2020): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.45.121.

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Ding, Ji-Heng, Hong-Ran Zhao, Dong Ji, Bei-Yu Xu, and Hai-Bin Yu. "Ultrafast molecular sieving through functionalized graphene membranes." Nanoscale 11, no. 9 (2019): 3896–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr00356h.

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Ayala-Bribiesca, Erik, Mario Boucher, and Laurent Bazinet. "Ultrathin Sicopion Composite Cation-Exchange Membranes: Characteristics and Electrodialytic Performance following a Conditioning Procedure." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/932723.

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The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of Sicopion membranes: an ultrathin (≈20 μm) composite cation-exchange membrane (CEM) made from sulphonated poly(ether-ether-ketone) (SPEEK) containing different levels of sulphonic-functionalized silica particles (SFSPs). Sicopion membranes were conditioned according to the French Normalization Association procedure, consisting in a series of acid and alkaline washes, and their electrodialytic characteristics were compared to an existent commercial food-grade membrane (CMX-SB). Electrical conductivity of Sicopion membranes was higher than that of CMX-SB membranes (9.92 versus 6.98 mS/cm), as well as their water content (34.0 versus 27.6%). As the SFSP level was reduced, the ion-exchange capacity (IEC) of Sicopion membranes increased. Concerning their electrodialytic performances, Sicopion membranes presented a lower demineralization rate than CMX-SB membranes (35.9 versus 45.5%), due to an OH−leakage through the pores created by dislodging the SFSP particles during the conditioning procedure.

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Nizet, Stéphane. "Improving Membrane Staining of Cultured Cells Using Ferrocyanide as a Post-Fixative." Microscopy Today 15, no. 2 (March 2007): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500051014.

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Lack of contrast is a common problem encountered when doing TEM of cultured cells, especially of membranes. Using ferrocyanide as a post-fixative can greatly improve membrane fixation and staining. This protocol has been used to study Caco-2 cells grown on PET membranes (the “Caco model”). Caco-2 is a colon cancer cell line that differentiates upon reaching confluency. This allows permeability studies on a cell model, which is reasonably similar to the human intestine.Basically, the protocol is classical, the only peculiarity consisting in including ferrocyanide in post-fixation. I describe how I prepare and embed the membrane in order to obtain transverse sections of a cell monolayer because I find this is the only way to obtain regular sections with the cells sticking to the membrane (otherwise the ultrathin section splits between the cell and membrane).

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Ghis, Anne, Sébastien Thibert, and Marc Delaunay. "Ultrathin Amorphous Carbon as Active Part of Vibrating MEMS." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (December 4, 2018): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130818.

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Amorphous carbon in ultra-thin thicknesses shows amazing mechanical properties that make it particularly interesting for MEMS, especially as a vibrating membrane. We present the experimental results obtained on devices comprising composite membranes of a few nanometers thick suspended above cavities of 1 to 2 μm in width. The behaviors in quasi-static mode—at low frequency—and also in resonant mode were observed and measured. Resonances frequencies of 20 MHz to 110MHz depending on the geometry were measured.

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Liu, Guozhen, Jie Shen, Quan Liu, Gongping Liu, Jie Xiong, Jian Yang, and Wanqin Jin. "Ultrathin two-dimensional MXene membrane for pervaporation desalination." Journal of Membrane Science 548 (February 2018): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.11.065.

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Li, Yanyang, Can Li, Shuxuan Li, Baowei Su, Lihui Han, and Bishnupada Mandal. "Graphene oxide (GO)-interlayered thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes with high solvent resistance for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN)." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 21 (2019): 13315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01915d.

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Yuan, Jinqiu, Mengyuan Wu, Hong Wu, Yanan Liu, Xinda You, Runnan Zhang, Yanlei Su, Hao Yang, Jianliang Shen, and Zhongyi Jiang. "Covalent organic framework-modulated interfacial polymerization for ultrathin desalination membranes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 44 (2019): 25641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta08163a.

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Lock, S. S. M., K. K. Lau, A. M. Shariff, Y. F. Yeong, and M. A. Bustam. "Computational insights on the role of film thickness on the physical properties of ultrathin polysulfone membranes." RSC Advances 7, no. 70 (2017): 44376–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra07277e.

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42

Zhao, Jun, Li Na Yu, Xiong Li, Yin Yang, and Xue Fen Wang. "Bioenabled Interfacial Polymerized on Nanofibrous Scaffold as Composite Nanofiltration Membrane." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.565.

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Thin-film nanofiltration composite (TFNFC) membrane consisting of polyethersulfone (PES) nanofibrous support layer modified by 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenethylamine (dopamine) and interfacial polymerization (IFP) polyamide selective barrier layer was obtained in this study. The hydrophilicity of PES nanofibrous membrane was tremendously improved as the water static contact angle changed from 81.6° to 26.83° by dopamine modification. An ultrathin selective layer was produced by IFP reaction between solutions of piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the dopamine modified porous PES membrane. The TFNFC membrane presented relatively high permeate flux (~59.9 L/m2h) and high salt rejection (~98.9%) to divalent anion solutions (1000mg/L, Na2SO4) at a low pressure of 0.6 MPa. It could be believed that dopamine modification would be very efficient to fabricate the composite membranes with stable structure and high filtration performance.

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Ciobanu, Vladimir, Giacomo Ceccone, Irina Jin, Tudor Braniste, Fei Ye, Francesco Fumagalli, Pascal Colpo, Joydeep Dutta, Jan Linnros, and Ion Tiginyanu. "Large-Sized Nanocrystalline Ultrathin β-Ga2O3 Membranes Fabricated by Surface Charge Lithography." Nanomaterials 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12040689.

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Large-sized 2D semiconductor materials have gained significant attention for their fascinating properties in various applications. In this work, we demonstrate the fabrication of nanoperforated ultrathin β-Ga2O3 membranes of a nanoscale thickness. The technological route includes the fabrication of GaN membranes using the Surface Charge Lithography (SCL) approach and subsequent thermal treatment in air at 900 °C in order to obtain β-Ga2O3 membranes. The as-grown GaN membranes were discovered to be completely transformed into β-Ga2O3, with the morphology evolving from a smooth topography to a nanoperforated surface consisting of nanograin structures. The oxidation mechanism of the membrane was investigated under different annealing conditions followed by XPS, AFM, Raman and TEM analyses.

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Yan, Fei, Lina Yao, Kenxin Chen, Qian Yang, and Bin Su. "An ultrathin and highly porous silica nanochannel membrane: toward highly efficient salinity energy conversion." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 5 (2019): 2385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta10848j.

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Mireles, Marcela, Cody W. Soule, Mehdi Dehghani, and Thomas R. Gaborski. "Use of nanosphere self-assembly to pattern nanoporous membranes for the study of extracellular vesicles." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 10 (2020): 4427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00142b.

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Yu, Qianqian, Xinda You, Hong Wu, Yanlei Su, Runnan Zhang, Yanan Liu, Chao Yang, Jianliang Shen, Jinqiu Yuan, and Zhongyi Jiang. "Ultrathin fluorinated self-cleaning membranes via coordination-driven metal-bridging assembly for water purification." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 8 (2020): 4505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta13957e.

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Coordination-driven metal-bridging assembly between polyphosphate ligands and perfluorosulfonate polymeric ligands generates an ultrathin fluorine-based membrane with superior permeance and self-cleaning properties.

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Sharma, Ashok K., Adam Juelfs, Connor Colling, Saket Sharma, Stephen P. Conover, Aishwarya A. Puranik, John Chau, Lydia Rodrigues, and Kamalesh K. Sirkar. "Porous Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic Composite Hollow Fiber and Flat Membranes Prepared by Plasma Polymerization for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation." Membranes 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020120.

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High water vapor flux at low brine temperatures without surface fouling is needed in membrane distillation-based desalination. Brine crossflow over surface-modified hydrophobic hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) yielded fouling-free operation with supersaturated solutions of scaling salts and their precipitates. Surface modification involved an ultrathin porous polyfluorosiloxane or polysiloxane coating deposited on the outside of porous polypropylene (PP) HFMs by plasma polymerization. The outside of hydrophilic MicroPES HFMs of polyethersulfone was also coated by an ultrathin coating of porous plasma-polymerized polyfluorosiloxane or polysiloxane rendering the surface hydrophobic. Direct contact membrane distillation-based desalination performances of these HFMs were determined and compared with porous PP-based HFMs. Salt concentrations of 1, 10, and 20 wt% were used. Leak rates were determined at low pressures. Surface and cross-sections of two kinds of coated HFMs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The HFMs based on water-wetted MicroPES substrate offered a very thin gas gap in the hydrophobic surface coating yielding a high flux of 26.4–27.6 kg/m2-h with 1 wt% feed brine at 70 °C. The fluxes of HFMs on porous PP substrates having a long vapor diffusion path were significantly lower. Coated HFM performances have been compared with flat hydrophilic membranes of polyvinylidene fluoride having a similar plasma-polymerized hydrophobic polyfluorosiloxane coating.

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Zhou, Sheng, Yanying Wei, Libo Li, Yifan Duan, Qianqian Hou, Lili Zhang, Liang-Xin Ding, Jian Xue, Haihui Wang, and Jürgen Caro. "Paralyzed membrane: Current-driven synthesis of a metal-organic framework with sharpened propene/propane separation." Science Advances 4, no. 10 (October 2018): eaau1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau1393.

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Metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes show great promise for propene/propane separation, yet a sharp molecular sieving has not been achieved due to their inherent linker mobility. Here, zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-8–type membranes with suppressed linker mobility are prepared by a fast current–driven synthesis (FCDS) strategy within 20 min, showing sharpened molecular sieving for propene/propane separation with a separation factor above 300. During membrane synthesis, the direct current promotes the metal ions and ligands to assemble into inborn-distorted and stiffer frameworks with ZIF-8_Cm (a newly discovered polymorph of ZIF-8) accounting for 60 to 70% of the membrane composition. Molecular dynamics simulations further verify that ZIF-8_Cm is superior to ZIF-8_I 4¯3m (the common cubic phase) for propene/propane separation. FCDS holds great potential to produce high-quality, ultrathin MOF membranes on a large scale.

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Tang, Ning, Yang Si, Jianyong Yu, and Bin Ding. "Leaf vein-inspired microfiltration membrane based on ultrathin nanonetworks." Environmental Science: Nano 7, no. 9 (2020): 2644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0en00644k.

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Ghosh, Sujit Kumar, Mohammed Ali, and Samiran Garain. "Nanoparticle-Decorated Ultrathin Membrane at the Water-Toluene Interface." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2014.1484.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultrathin Membrane'

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