Journal articles on the topic 'Ultrasound'
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He, Yina, and Tiantian Zhao. "Ultrasound Evaluation of the Diaphragm in Clinical Anesthesia." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (March 3, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2163225.
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When the human body is anesthetized, the human nerve tissue will be greatly affected, which also affects the breathing of the human body. The respiration during anesthesia is a lack of initiative, and the energy efficiency of the diaphragm in the lungs is very important to the safety of anesthesia. In this paper, the application of the ultrasound evaluation of the diaphragm in clinical anesthesia was studied. In this paper, 24 patients who underwent lung examination under medical anesthesia at our hospital were evaluated by the ultrasound vertical mixed echo method. Through patient voluntary selection and consent, 16 patients were examined with B-mode ultrasound and the other 8 patients with M-mode ultrasound to compare the effects of different ultrasounds on diaphragm image quality. In addition, this paper also analyzes the differences between different ultrasounds and the strengths and weaknesses of diaphragmatic ultrasound evaluation in clinical anesthesia. The suggestions of using different ultrasounds in ultrasonic evaluation are given. The study showed that 16 cases of B-mode ultrasound evaluation of the diaphragm obtained ultrasound images which showed a large field of vision, acoustic frequency between 7 and 18 MHz, and thickness difference between 0.35 and 0.52 cm. In 8 patients with the diaphragm evaluated by M-mode ultrasound, the local features of M-mode ultrasound images were clearer than those of B-mode ultrasound images, but the visual field area was smaller, the acoustic frequency was between 10 and 15 MHz, and the thickness difference was between 0.12 and 0.18 cm. Based on the above data, this paper suggests that, in the ultrasonic evaluation of the diaphragm, B-mode ultrasound should be used to check the patients first, and then M-mode ultrasound should be used to check the parts with poor quality so that the accurate diaphragm quality of patients can be obtained in the vast majority of patients.
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Rocca, Eduardo, Christian Zanza, Yaroslava Longhitano, Fabio Piccolella, Tatsiana Romenskaya, Fabrizio Racca, Gabriele Savioli, Angela Saviano, Andrea Piccioni, and Silvia Mongodi. "Lung Ultrasound in Critical Care and Emergency Medicine: Clinical Review." Advances in Respiratory Medicine 91, no. 3 (May 17, 2023): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arm91030017.
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Lung ultrasound has become a part of the daily examination of physicians working in intensive, sub-intensive, and general medical wards. The easy access to hand-held ultrasound machines in wards where they were not available in the past facilitated the widespread use of ultrasound, both for clinical examination and as a guide to procedures; among point-of-care ultrasound techniques, the lung ultrasound saw the greatest spread in the last decade. The COVID-19 pandemic has given a boost to the use of ultrasound since it allows to obtain a wide range of clinical information with a bedside, not harmful, repeatable examination that is reliable. This led to the remarkable growth of publications on lung ultrasounds. The first part of this narrative review aims to discuss basic aspects of lung ultrasounds, from the machine setting, probe choice, and standard examination to signs and semiotics for qualitative and quantitative lung ultrasound interpretation. The second part focuses on how to use lung ultrasound to answer specific clinical questions in critical care units and in emergency departments.
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Sola, Richard, Blair A. Wormer, William E. Anderson, Thomas M. Schmelzer, and Graham H. Cosper. "Predictors and Outcomes of Nondiagnostic Ultrasound for Acute Appendicitis in Children." American Surgeon 83, no. 12 (December 2017): 1357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481708301218.
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Ultrasound assessments of children with possible acute appendicitis (AA) are often nondiagnostic. We aimed to identify the predictors of nondiagnostic ultrasound and to investigate the outcomes. A retrospective review was conducted on children aged 4 to 17 years evaluated in 2013 for AAwith ultrasound at a tertiary hospital pediatric emergency department. Demographics, clinical data, and outcomes were analyzed. Of 528 children, 194 (36.7%) had diagnostic ultrasounds and 334 (63.3%) had nondiagnostic ultrasounds. Nondiagnostic ultrasounds were more common after-hours (7 pm–7 am weekdays and on weekends, 70.7%) than during business hours (7 am–7 pm weekdays; 29.3%). After-hours timing and female sex were identified as independent predictors of non-diagnostic ultrasounds (P < 0.05 for both). AA was diagnosed in 35 children with a nondiagnostic ultrasound (10.5%; P < 0.05). No child who underwent a nondiagnostic ultrasound was found to have AA with laboratory values of white blood cell < 11 x 103/μL and c-reactive protein (CRP) < 5 mg/dL. Children with nondiagnostic ultrasounds have a low likelihood of AA if white blood cell < 11 and CRP < 5. We propose a management algorithm that we hope will help reduce admissions and decrease the use of computed tomography scans.
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Paczesny, Łukasz, Matthias Lorkowski, Tomasz Pielak, Rafał Wójcicki, Gazi Huri, and Jan Zabrzyński. "The Role of Ultrasound Guidance in Mini-Invasive Musculoskeletal Surgery—A Pictorial Essay." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2023): 10900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910900.
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In this article, the authors review the role of ultrasound guidance in MSK mini-invasive surgery. Ultrasound imaging has become an important tool in the field of musculoskeletal examination and has advantages over the X-ray guidance traditionally used by orthopaedic surgeons. Ultrasound provides the 3D localization of the area where the instruments are being used, does not require X-ray’s certified personnel, and poses less of a health risk to the patient and the medical staff. This article explores the development and application of ultrasound navigation in mini-invasive surgery, including the use of ultrasound during different stages of arthroscopic procedures or for the entire operation. Ultrasounds can assist in setting access points around the joint, localize the pathology and assure its complete resection, identify vessels and nerves, establish access to and constant control of difficult operating areas with a high potential for neurovascular complications. In this paper, the authors also acknowledge that there are some disadvantages, including the need for additional equipment and personnel, a long learning curve, and the potential elongation of the procedure. To identify all of the essential studies that report relevant information and data concerning the ultrasounds navigation in mini-invasive MSK surgery, an extensive search of the major and significant electronic databases was performed by two authors. An investigation was conducted in January 2023 using the following key terms: ultrasounds navigation, ultrasounds in arthroscopy, ultrasounds in MSK, with no limits regarding the year of publication. The authors focused both on the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound navigation in MSK mini-invasive surgery, and also on particular techniques in mini-invasive and arthroscopic surgeries. The described techniques are the application of ultrasound in arthroscopy (knee, hip, and shoulder), hallux rigidus surgery, mini-invasive Achilles tendon surgery, gastrocnemius recession, carpal tunnel release, and hematoma evacuation.
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Roberts, C., T. Oyedokun, B. Cload, and L. Witt. "P108: Characterizing use of next-day ultrasound from the emergency department." CJEM 21, S1 (May 2019): S103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.299.
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Introduction: Formal ultrasound imaging, with use of ultrasound technicians and radiologists, provides a valuable diagnostic component to patient care in the Emergency Department (ED). Outside of regular weekday hours, ordering formal ultrasounds can produce logistical difficulties. EDs have developed protocols for next-day ultrasounds, where the patient returns the following day for imaging and reassessment by an ED physician. This creates additional stress on ED resources – personnel, bed space, finances – that are already strained. There is a dearth of literature regarding the use of next-day ultrasounds or guidelines to direct efficient use. This study sought to accumulate data on the use of ED next-day ultrasounds and patient oriented clinical outcomes. Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of 150 patients, 75 from each of two different tertiary care hospitals in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. After a predetermined start date, convenience samples were collected of all patients who had undergone a next-day ultrasound ordered from the ED until the quota was satisfied. Patients were identified by an electronic medical record search for specific triage note phrases indicating use of next-day ultrasounds. Different demographic, clinical, and administrative parameters were collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 150 patients, the mean age was 35.9 years and 75.3% were female. Median length of stay for the first visit was 4.1 hours, and 2.2 hours for the return visit. Most common ultrasound scans performed were abdomen and pelvis/gyne (34.7%), complete abdomen (30.0%), duplex extremity venous (10.0%). Most common indications on the ultrasound requisition were nonspecific abdominal pain (18.7%), vaginal bleeding with or without pregnancy (17.3%), and hepatobiliary pathology (15.3%). Ultrasounds results reported a relevant finding 56% of the time, and 34% were completely normal. After the next-day ultrasound 5.3% of patients had a CT scan, 10.7% had specialist consultation, 8.2% were admitted, and 7.3% underwent surgery. Conclusion: Information was gathered to close gaps in knowledge about the use of next-day ultrasounds from the ED. A large proportion of patients are discharged home without further interventions. Additional research and the development of next-day ultrasound guidelines or outpatient pathways may improve patient care and ED resource utilization.
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Baker, Daniel E., Laura Nolting, and Heather A. Brown. "Impact of point-of-care ultrasound on the diagnosis and treatment of patients in rural Uganda." Tropical Doctor 51, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475520986425.
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Ultrasound is increasingly used by physicians at the bedside to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions and is particularly useful in the resource-limited setting. The purpose of this study was to determine whether point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed by physicians changed the diagnosis or treatment of patients in mobile clinics in rural Uganda. Patients presenting to mobile clinics in Uganda were assessed by physicians and, when appropriate, POCUS was performed. When available, a radiologist reviewed ultrasound images in real time. A de-identified questionnaire was completed for each ultrasound and reviewed retrospectively. A total of 177 ultrasounds were performed. A radiologist reviewed 50% of the ultrasounds. In 73% of patients, the findings either confirmed (50%) or changed (23%) a diagnosis. In 53% of patients, the ultrasound findings changed the treatment plan. POCUS positively impacted patient care in rural Ugandan clinics by improving diagnostic capabilities and influencing treatment plans.
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Bwanga, Osward, Gabriel Mwase, and Happiness Chanda Kaunda. "Midwives' experiences of performing obstetric ultrasounds in maternity care: a systematic review." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 15, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2020.0033.
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Background/aims Ultrasound scans, often performed by midwives, play a vital role in the management of pregnancy, but there is a lack of literature on midwives' experience of this task. This study aimed to systematically review the experiences of midwives when performing obstetrical ultrasounds in maternity care. Methods Online databases, journals and cited references were searched, with no date limit. Thematic analysis was used to synthesise the findings. Results A total of eight studies were included. The five themes identified were 1) the benefits of ultrasound in maternity care, 2) access to and performing an obstetric ultrasound, 3) the relationship between midwives and ultrasound experts, 4) ethical and legal issues and 5) education and training for midwives. Midwives' positive experiences were usually a result of access to obstetric ultrasound and adequate support from obstetricians and radiologists. Negative experiences were caused by ethical and legal complications, as well as a lack of ultrasound equipment and training. Conclusions There is a need to support midwives in performing basic obstetric ultrasounds, through education and training, to improve maternity care.
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Drover, Anne. "Which Clinical Exam findings are most predictive of an abnormal hip ultrasound in the newborn? A chart review from a Canadian pediatric hospital." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e42-e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.109.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Developmental dysplasia of the hips is a condition that if not detected early and managed properly can lead to lifelong morbidity. The incidence of DDH in most developed countries is reported to be 1.5 to 20 cases per 1000 births. The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care reports fair evidence to include a serial clinical examination of the hips by a trained clinician in the periodic health examination of all infants until they are walking independently. The indications for ultrasound examination are less clear. Guidelines for the clinical exam cite indications of imaging to be unstable hip, hip laxity, hip click and asymmetric skin folds. Given that some of these findings are extremely common it is likely that a large number of normal hips are being imaged unnecessarily. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this project is to determine which clinical findings are most predictive of an abnormal hip on ultrasound. It is hoped that this will assist the paediatrician or family doctor to balance unnecessary testing with the fear of missing an abnormal hip. DESIGN/METHODS All hip ultrasounds performed at a Canadian children’s hospital during 2016/17 on infants less than one year were reviewed for indication and outcome. The birth rate for the same year was 2,861. A total of 528 hip ultrasounds were performed. 156 ultrasounds were ordered by Paediatric Orthopaedic specialists and thus were not reviewed, leaving 372 ultrasounds for review. Ultrasounds were classified by age category at the time of imaging: <14 days, 14–28 days, 29–60 days, 61 days-6 months, 6 months-1 year. Tests were ordered by paediatricians, neonatologists, family doctors and nurse practitioners. The indications for ultrasound were categorized into 9 categories; hip click, hip laxity, unstable hip (positive Barlow, dislocatable hip), asymmetric skin folds, breech presentation, family history of DDH, hip click + breech, hip laxity + breech, or no indication given. When multiple terms were noted on requisition a hierarchy was followed with hip laxity>hip click>asymmetric skin folds. Ultrasound reports reported as normal or abnormal. RESULTS The primary indication for hip ultrasound was asymmetric skin folds, (N-132); followed by Hip laxity (N-101), Hip click (N-72), Unstable hip (positive Barlow, dislocatable hip) (N-31), no indication noted (N-23), Breech presentation (N-8), Family History of DDH (N-3) and other (N-2). The ultrasound findings with asymmetric skin folds revealed 100% of tests were normal (132/132) on first ultrasound regardless of baby’s age at imaging. For Hip laxity, 93% (94/101) ultrasounds were normal following second ultrasound and for hip click, 99% (71/72) were normal following second ultrasound. For those ultrasounds that were performed for hip click and hip laxity (N-173), only one ultrasound would have been required if performed at greater than 8 weeks of age. In the unstable hip, 82% (28/34) were normal following second ultrasound. None of the ultrasounds performed for risk factors such as family history or breech presentation were abnormal but when combined with a lax hip exam 3 were reported as abnormal. In our study, a diagnosis of DDH was given to 15/2,861 newborns. Of these 15; the clinical finding was 7/16 hip laxity alone, 6/16 unstable hip, 3/16 hip laxity + breech. CONCLUSION Though practitioners must continue to be vigilent in clinical hip surveillance, symmetric skin folds and isolated hip click are low yield indications for hip ultrasound in the newborn. For hip laxity or unstable hip, waiting until 8 weeks improves the reliability of the ultrasound result and thus reducing unnecessary retesting. The breech presentation alone did not increase diagnosis but when combined with exam was predictive.
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Chavan, Prasad, Pallavi Sharma, Sajeev Rattan Sharma, Tarsem Chand Mittal, and Amit K. Jaiswal. "Application of High-Intensity Ultrasound to Improve Food Processing Efficiency: A Review." Foods 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11010122.
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The use of non-thermal processing technologies has grown in response to an ever-increasing demand for high-quality, convenient meals with natural taste and flavour that are free of chemical additions and preservatives. Food processing plays a crucial role in addressing food security issues by reducing loss and controlling spoilage. Among the several non-thermal processing methods, ultrasound technology has shown to be very beneficial. Ultrasound processing, whether used alone or in combination with other methods, improves food quality significantly and is thus considered beneficial. Cutting, freezing, drying, homogenization, foaming and defoaming, filtration, emulsification, and extraction are just a few of the applications for ultrasound in the food business. Ultrasounds can be used to destroy germs and inactivate enzymes without affecting the quality of the food. As a result, ultrasonography is being hailed as a game-changing processing technique for reducing organoleptic and nutritional waste. This review intends to investigate the underlying principles of ultrasonic generation and to improve understanding of their applications in food processing to make ultrasonic generation a safe, viable, and innovative food processing technology, as well as investigate the technology’s benefits and downsides. The breadth of ultrasound’s application in the industry has also been examined. This will also help researchers and the food sector develop more efficient strategies for frequency-controlled power ultrasound in food processing applications.
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Vlazny, Danielle, Damon E. Houghton, Ryan Meverden, Paul Daniels, Matthew Bartlett, Gina Hesley, Thanila Macedo, Alexander Lekah, and Waldemar E. Wysokinski. "Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis and Association with Popliteal Fossa (Baker's) Cysts in Patients with Lower Extremity Duplex Ultrasound Examination." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-134231.
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Background: Popliteal fossa cysts (PFCs aka Baker's cysts) are synovial cysts of the knee joint that can be symptomatic or asymptomatic and incidentally identified on ultrasound. Whether PFCs are associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is unknown. Possible mechanisms for an association include direct compression of the popliteal vein, indirect compression on the popliteal vein with leg flexion, adjacent inflammation of the cyst, or relative immobility due to underlying joint disease itself. Methods: Lower extremity venous Duplex ultrasound radiology reports from the inception of electronic archiving through 11/14/2019 were evaluated across the Mayo Clinic Enterprise (Rochester MN, Jacksonville, FL, Scottsdale AZ, and Mayo Clinic Health System) in patients >18 years of age. Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms were created and validated to identify acute DVT (proximal or distal) and PFCs. A random sample of 1,752 ultrasound reports underwent manual review to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the NLP algorithm. Cases (ultrasounds with acute DVT) were compared to controls (ultrasound without acute DVT) to examine the frequency of PFCs. IRB approval was obtained and patients lacking Minnesota research authorization were excluded. Results: A total of 332,016 lower extremity venous ultrasounds were performed in 223,035 patients; 156,846 unilateral and 175,170 bilateral lower extremities exams. The mean age at ultrasound was 63.3 (SD 16.5) and 54.7% were female. Ultrasound reports were available for analysis starting in 1992 with a significant increase in the number of ultrasounds performed over the study period across the enterprise (Figure 1). Overall, acute DVT was identified in 24,179 (7.3%) of ultrasounds, and PFCs were identified in 32,427 (9.8%) of ultrasounds. The sensitivity and specificity of the NLP algorithm in the full dataset to identify acute DVT was 86.0% and 97.2%, respectfully. The sensitivity and specificity of the NLP algorithm to identify PFCs was 97.8% and 99.5%, respectively. PFCs were present in 9.3% of ultrasounds with acute DVT and 9.8% of ultrasounds without acute DVT (p=0.007), OR 0.94 (95% CI 0.90-0.98). In a multivariate logistic regression model, after adjusting for age and sex, results remained significant (aOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.995). Comparing ultrasounds before and after 2010, there was a higher percentage of PFCs and acute DVT reported after 2010 (p<0.001 for both). Sensitivity analyses comparing results before or after 2010, by sex, and only in the first ultrasound performed per person, demonstrated similar results. Conclusions: PFCs are negatively associated with the presence of acute DVT on lower extremity venous Duplex ultrasound. This data does not support PFCs as a contributing or causative factor in the development of lower extremity DVT. Figure 1 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Metselaar, Roos. "“A Wonderful Movie!”: The Appropriation of Entertainment Ultrasound Technology in The Netherlands." Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography 12, no. 2 (July 6, 2022): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/jue.v12i2.11408.
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It is now almost impossible to imagine a pregnancy in The Netherlands without one or two fetal ultrasounds. In contrast to the biomedical view of seeing ultrasound technology as a transparent window into the womb, much scholarly research in the social sciences highlights that the technology is not neutral, but has different meanings and applications depending on the context. Feminist anthropologists have mostly criticized ultrasound technology for invading the intimate experience of pregnancy and making women “invisible.” This article focuses on socalled “entertainment” ultrasounds to explore how pregnant women in The Netherlands use ultrasound technology for new, unintended purposes. Using semi-structured interviews and discourse analysis of websites of commercial ultrasound clinics, I demonstrate that many pregnant women in The Netherlands consider the ultrasound scan a positive and valuable experience that they can consciously use to feel less insecure and to relax during their pregnancy. It is argued that, in looking so closely at the structural power relations that limit women’s agency, feminist anthropologists often downplay the possible leeway that expectant mothers have. These women are not forced into doing “entertainment” ultrasound scans but are active agents appropriating the technology.
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Liao, Kaili, Jijiang Ge, Guicai Zhang, and Lipei Fu. "Multiple Frequency Ultrasounds Assisted Oil Sands Separation Technology." Archives of Acoustics 42, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2017-0080.
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Abstract Ultrasound has a wide range of applications in oil sands separation industry due to its green and nopolluting characteristics. The combined ultrasounds technology has been widely used in many industries by virtue of the synergistic effect of cavitation effect; meanwhile, dual-frequency ultrasounds have been reported being used in lotion oil sands technology. Based on this idea, this study focuses on the application of multiple frequency ultrasounds in oil sands separation, and a comparative study has been conducted between the combined ultrasounds systems with the difference in the number of the ultrasound. The results show that the oil production rate of the samples treated by the lotion of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and assisted by multiple frequency ultrasounds (96%) is significantly higher than that of the single frequency ultrasound (76%); the bigger the number of the ultrasound participating in the combination is, the higher the oil production rate of the oil sands is; the lower the frequency of the ultrasounds employed in the combined system is, the higher the oil production rate is. The optimum treating conditions for tri-frequency ultrasounds assisted technology are as follow: the treating time is 10-15 min, the treating temperature is 20-30°C, the concentration of surfactant in the lotion is 1.5 g/l, and the mass ratio of the lotion to oil sands is 1.8. In short, the use of multiple frequency ultrasounds can improve the oil production rate of oil sands, reduce the energy consumption during the separation process, and reduce the environmental contamination; therefore, multiple frequency ultrasounds assisted oil sands separation technology is a promising technology for oil sands resources exploitation with high efficiency.
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Surace, Alessandra, Alessia Ferrarese, Valentina Gentile, Marco Bindi, Jacopo Cumbo, Mario Solej, Stefano Enrico, and Valter Martino. "Learning curve for endorectal ultrasound in young and elderly: lights and shades." Open Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2016-0074.
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AbstractAim of the study is to highlight difficulties faced by an inexperienced surgeon in approaching endorectal-ultrasound, trying to define when learning curve can be considered complete.A prospective analysis was conducted on endorectal-ultrasound performed for subperitoneal rectal adenocarcinoma staging in the period from January 2008 to July 2013, reported by a single surgeon of Department of Oncology, Section of General Surgery, “San Luigi Gonzaga” Teaching Hospital, Orbassano (Turin, Italy); the surgeon had no previous experience in endorectal-ultrasound. Fourty-six endorectal-ultrasounds were divided into two groups: early group (composed by 23 endorectal-ultrasounds, made from January 2008 to May 2009) and late group (composed by 23 endorectal-ultrasound, carried out from June 2009 to July 2013).In our experience, the importance of a learning curve is evident for T staging, but no statystical significance is reached for results deal with N stage.We can conclude that ultrasound evaluation of anorectal and perirectal tissues is technically challenging and requires a long learning curve. Our learning curve can not be closed down, at least for N parameter.
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Lu, Jiong Yuan, San Fan Wang, and Jin Feng Zhu. "Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon Using Dual-Frequency Ultrasound." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1707.
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The saturate granular activated carbon(GAC) which adsorbed Ni2+ is regenerated using dual-frequency ultrasound. The individual frequency is 45KHz, 80KHz and 100KHz respectively. The experimental results show that the regeneration efficiency using dual-frequency ultrasound is better than that using single- frequency ultrasound under the same experimental condition. When the two ultrasound’s frequency is 45KHz, the regeneration efficiency is 81.03%, comparing single- frequency ultrasound it increase by 40% and it is the best in six group dual-frequency ultrasound. In conclusion, the dual-frequency ultrasound regeneration showed a possibility as an alternative to chemical and thermal regeneration of GAC.
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Shahzad, Varisha, Lynn Redahan, and Katherine McDonald. "An audit of renal ultrasounds for new referrals to the nephrology outpatients service." Journal of Kidney Care 7, no. 5 (September 2, 2022): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jokc.2022.7.5.232.
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Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2021) guidelines for the assessment and management of chronic kidney disease set out indications for ordering renal ultrasounds. Aim: The aim of this audit was to identify the number of renal ultrasounds ordered for new referrals to a nephrology outpatient service, whether the reason for these ultrasounds met the NICE guidelines, how many ultrasounds were ordered for each indication and whether the outcome of the scan was normal or abnormal. Findings: There were 287 referrals to the nephrology outpatient service, which were reviewed as to whether the ultrasound request met the guidelines. From the 278 new referrals, 139 had a renal ultrasound ordered. Of these, 57 met the criteria for having an ultrasound, while 82 requests did not meet the guidelines. Conclusion: This audit highlights the frequency with which inappropriate ordering occurs, as well as the ongoing need for education amongst clinicians on appropriate indications and the potential cost deficits involved.
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Bhandari, Nikesh, Binay Thakur, Shashank Shrestha, and Ashish Kharel. "Ultrasound of Lung." Nepalese Journal of Cancer 6, no. 2 (October 6, 2022): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njc.v6i2.48770.
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Ultrasound (US) is a very common tool in today’s clinical practice. Lung ultrasound was popularized by Daniel Lichtenstein, a French intensivist. He noted that sonographic artifacts during lung ultrasound could differentiate between various lung diseases and subsequently noted the ultrasound’s ability to differentiate various diseases. He also popularized the points of probe placement and various signs and lines in lung ultrasound, which includes the A line, B-lines, Lung sliding sign, seashore sign etc. based upon which the BLUE protocol was introduced. Lung ultrasound has rapidly gained popularity over the past 10 years, mainly due to its wide availability in emergency and trauma settings, lack of radiation exposure, easy availability and cost effectiveness. Although there are limitation to Lung ultrasound, like being user dependent, limited role in surgical emphysema, in severely obese patients, and CT still remains a gold standard for diagnosis of lung pathologies, ultrasound has shown to be equally effective or even better in diagnosis and management of patients in critically ill patients, where obtaining CT scan or other imaging technique is not feasible. Hence, lung ultrasound is a must have tool and knowledge and skills related to lung ultrasound should not only be limited to Radiologist, but also to all thoracic surgeons and physicians involved in managing critically ill patients.
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Bermudez-Aguirre, Daniela, and Brendan A. Niemira. "Pasteurization of Foods with Ultrasound: The Present and the Future." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2022): 10416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010416.
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In the last two decades, much research has been carried out using ultrasound as an alternative for pasteurization. Cavitation, the main effect of ultrasound, can disrupt and perforate cell membranes, generate free radicals, and produce sonoluminescence. Ultrasound in combination with additional hurdles such as temperature, pressure, or antimicrobials can achieve a 5-log reduction. Pathogens, spoilage microorganisms, yeast, and molds have been successfully inactivated by this novel technology. Currently, ultrasound is investigated as an option to reduce the content of aflatoxins during pasteurization. Ultrasound can inactivate those enzymes related to the stability of pasteurized food products, extending the shelf-life of the products. New uses of sonication are surging; for example, ultrasound has been studied as an option for pasteurizing plant-based foods. An important area of research is ultrasound’s effect on food’s bioactive compounds. Results exhibit an increase in the concentration of phenolics, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and other nutrients after the use of ultrasound because of an extractive effect. Finally, an area of concern in the early ages of ultrasound has been studied, food quality. In most cases, sonicated products have similar quality parameters to raw products. Lastly, there are some areas of opportunity in ultrasound’s future, such as the equipment improvement, regulation, and toxicology of sonicated products.
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Matthews, Lawrence, Krysta Contino, Charlotte Nussbaum, Krystal Hunter, Christa Schorr, and Nitin Puri. "Skill retention with ultrasound curricula." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0243086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243086.
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Background Implementation of a point of care ultrasound curricula is valuable, but optimal integration for internal medicine residency is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a structured ultrasound curriculum vs. structured ultrasound curriculum plus supervised thoracic ultrasounds would improve internal medicine residents’ skill and retention 6 and 12 months from baseline. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled study evaluating internal medical residents’ skill retention of thoracic ultrasound using a structured curriculum (control, n = 14) vs. structured curriculum plus 20 supervised bedside thoracic ultrasounds (intervention, n = 14). We used a stratified randomization based on program year. All subjects attended a half-day course that included 5 lectures and hands-on sessions at baseline. Assessments included written and practical exams at baseline, immediately post-course and at 6 and 12 months. Scores are reported as a percentage for the number of correct responses/number of questions (range 0–100%). The Mann Whitney U and the Friedman tests were used for analyses. Results Twenty-eight residents were enrolled. Two subjects withdrew prior to the 6-month exams. Written exam scores for all subjects improved, baseline median (IQR) 60 (46.47 to 66.67) post-course 80 (65 to 86.67), 6-month 80 (66.67 to 86.67) and 12-month 86.67 (80 to 88.34), p = <0.001. All subjects practical exam scores median (IQR) significantly improved, baseline 18.18 (7.95 to 32.95), post-course 59.09 (45.45 to 70.45), 6 month 71.74 (60.87 to 82.61) and 12-month 76.09 (65.22 to 88.05), p = <0.001. Comparing the control group to the intervention group, there were statistically significant higher scores, median (IQR), in the intervention group on the practical exam at 6 months 63.05 (48.92 to 69.57) vs. 82.61(72.83 to89.13), p = <0.001. Conclusion In this cohort, internal medicine residents participating in a structured thoracic ultrasound course plus 20-supervised ultrasounds achieved higher practical exam scores long-term compared to controls.
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N’timon, B., P. Gbande, M. Dagbe, T. Dossouvi, M. Tchaou, A. Amadou, L. Sonhaye, L. K. Agoda-Koussema, and K. V. Adjenou. "Echographie Pédiatrique En Pratique Hospitaliere Au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) De Kara Au Togo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n6p443.
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Purpose: To list pediatric ultrasound exams performed at Kara University Hospital Center in Togo and the pathologies observed. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study of the results of pediatric ultrasound examinations performed in the Department of Radiology and Imaging of Kara University Hospital Center. The study ran from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016, over a period of 3 years. Results: The frequency of pediatric ultrasounds was 5.1%. The average age of the patients was 2.16 years with extremes of 1 day to 15 years. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.4. Abdomino-pelvic ultrasound were the most represented, 92%, followed by cervical ultrasound in 2.6% of cases. Abdominal ultrasound indications were dominated by abdominal pain in 33.6% of cases, followed by palpation of abdominal mass in 15.7%. Cervical ultrasounds were motivated in 5 out of 8 cases by the cervical swelling. Abdomino-pelvic ultrasonography was pathological in 70.1% of cases. Hepatic affections were the most common abdominal abnormality in 37.8% of cases followed by splenic disorders. Hepatic lesions were dominated by European Scientific Journal February 2018 edition Vol.14, No.6 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 444 homogeneous hepatomegaly with 63.2% of cases. Cervical ultrasound was pathological in 6 out of 8 cases. The lesions observed were mainly cervical lymphadenopathy (4 cases out of 6). Conclusion: Ultrasound is a very useful tool in the exploration of pediatric diseases. The abdominal ultrasound is the most performed and hepatic pathologies are the most common.
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Yang, Jenn-Ming, and Wen-Chen Huang. "Ultrasound in Female Urinary Incontinence." Journal of Medical Ultrasound 32, no. 1 (August 3, 2023): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jmu.jmu_25_23.
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Abstract Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common health condition that may interfere with the quality of life. A comprehensive evaluation of female UI helps with effective and safe treatments. Ultrasound has gained popularity to explore UI recently because it can collect crucial information for treatment planning and counseling. Translabial and introital approaches are commonly and reliably applied to ultrasound. The images can be obtained using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasounds. Ultrasound is the only modality capable of confirming the presence or absence of a mid-urethral sling (MUS) and is able to demonstrate bulking agents as well. Although some of the ultrasound findings may only be incidental or supplementary to the patient’s symptoms, ultrasound benefits for investigating the pathophysiology of UI and surgical outcomes of MUS procedures. It is anticipated that standardization in terminology, measurement techniques, and reporting can be established in the near future.
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Kwarcinski, Thomas, Matthew Paul Clemons, David Gorrell, Chad C. Griesbach, Wesley Hejl, Alastair Moore, and Amy Haberman. "Carotid Doppler Ultrasound: Beyond Stenosis." Journal for Vascular Ultrasound 45, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15443167211030316.
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Carotid Doppler ultrasound is frequently used to evaluate for stenosis when a patient presents with stroke-like symptoms. This article aims to increase awareness of various sonographic findings associated with less common scenarios encountered when interpreting carotid Doppler examinations, such as aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, cardiac assist devices, and carotid-internal jugular fistula. Ultimately, carotid Doppler ultrasound is a useful tool in diagnosis and subsequent management of a multitude of clinical scenarios that may be encountered when interpreting carotid ultrasounds.
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Deslandes, Alison. "How to Perform a Baseline Ultrasound for Subfertility." Fertility & Reproduction 05, no. 04 (December 2023): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318223740213.
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The presentation, “How to Perform a Baseline Ultrasound for Subfertility,” delves into the crucial role of ultrasound in assessing and diagnosing subfertility in female patients. This educational session aims to equip healthcare professionals with essential knowledge and skills to perform baseline ultrasounds effectively. The presentation will emphasise the value of ultrasound as a non-invasive and informative diagnostic tool. Attendees will gain insights into the specific indications for baseline ultrasound, including assessment of pelvic structures, antral follicle counting, and evaluation for common pathologies contributing to subfertility. The presentation will then explore the step-by-step procedure for performing a baseline ultrasound, focusing on patient preparation, transducer selection, and image acquisition techniques. Furthermore, the session will delve into common ultrasound findings associated with subfertility, enabling practitioners to recognise and interpret potential abnormalities accurately. Through this presentation, healthcare professionals will enhance their proficiency in baseline ultrasound, empowering them to contribute significantly to the diagnosis and management of subfertility, ultimately supporting their patients on their journey towards achieving successful pregnancies.
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Zalud, Ivica, Marguerite Lisa Bartholomew, Steve Shaha, and Lynnae Millar. "Repeat Detailed Second Trimester Ultrasound: Hawaii Experience." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4, no. 1 (2010): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1126.
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Abstract This review is about clinical value of repeat second trimester ultrasound performed in a tertiary center in the detection of fetal anomalies. A retrospective record review was performed on all of the second trimester obstetrical ultrasounds (15 to 22 weeks) performed during a four month period. The ultrasound reports were reviewed to determine if repeat studies resulted in a change of diagnoses with respect to fetal anomalies. Ultrasound diagnoses were compared to newborn records to determine the accuracy of ultrasound diagnoses. 1,470 ultrasound examinations were performed on 1,344 patients. The rate of repeat examination was 8.41% after the exclusion of 13 patients with suboptimal views as the indication for the repeat ultrasound. 943 (70.16%) newborn birth records were available for analysis. Fifty six (6%) of the newborns were coded as having an anomaly at birth. 55% of these anomalies were detected by ultrasound, 36% were not detectable by ultrasound, and 9% were not detected by ultrasound. The overall fetal anomaly rate was 3.8%. The overall detection rate was 86.1%. There were no diagnosis changes nor additional anomalies identified after repeat second trimester ultrasound. Objectives Describe the role of comprehensive ultrasound in detection of fetal anomalies Present one highly specialized fetal diagnostic center experience Discuss the value of repeat ultrasound exams in order to increase anomaly detection rate
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John, Amrita, Aanchal Kapoor, Thriveen Sankar Chittoor Mana, Annette Jencson, Jennifer Cadnum, Abhishek Deshpande, and Curtis J. Donskey. "1145. Sparring With Spores: Ultrasounds as a Vector for Pathogen Transmission in the Intensive Care Unit." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.978.
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Abstract Background Portable equipment that is shared among patients can be a potential source of pathogen dissemination. In busy healthcare settings, cleaning of shared medical equipment may be suboptimal. In addition, equipment such as ultrasound probe heads present a challenge because sporicidal cleaning solutions such as bleach cannot be used. Methods We conducted a culture survey of ultrasounds in 15 intensive care units (ICUs) at a large tertiary care referral center, including medical, surgical, neurology, cardiology, and cardiovascular ICUs. Multiple high-touch surfaces on different types of ultrasound equipment used in the ICUs were swabbed to assess for the presence of Clostridium difficile and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. To assess cleaning, a fluorescent marker visible only under UV light was placed on high-touch surfaces on each of the cultured ultrasounds and a black light was used determine if the marker was removed after 24 hours and again after 1 week. Results Of 15 ultrasounds cultured, 7% were contaminated with C. difficile spores and 7% were contaminated with Gram-negative bacilli. Based on fluorescent marker removal, only 20% of the ultrasounds were cleaned within 24 hours and only 31% were cleaned within 1 week. Ultrasounds with touchscreens were cleaned more frequently than those with no touchscreen. For equipment with a combination of touchscreen features and knobs, the touchscreens were cleaned more often than the knobs which often had residual marker even after 7 days. Conclusion Ultrasound equipment can be a vector for transmission of C. difficile and other pathogens in critical care settings. In our facility, cleaning of ultrasound equipment was suboptimal, particularly for ultrasounds that did not have a touchscreen interface. Since ultrasounds are being employed in critical care settings with increasing frequency, there is a need for improved methods for cleaning and disinfection. Disclosures A. Deshpande, 3M: Investigator, Research grant. Clorox: Investigator, Research grant. STERIS: Investigator, Research grant.
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Sidiropoulou, Tatiana, Kalliopi Christodoulaki, and Charalampos Siristatidis. "Pre-Procedural Lumbar Neuraxial Ultrasound—A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-Analysis." Healthcare 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040479.
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A pre-procedural ultrasound of the lumbar spine is frequently used to facilitate neuraxial procedures. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence sustaining the utilization of pre-procedural neuraxial ultrasound compared to conventional methods. We perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta-analyses. We search the electronic databases Medline, Cochrane Central, Science Direct and Scopus up to 1 June 2019. We include trials comparing a pre-procedural lumbar spine ultrasound to a non-ultrasound-assisted method. The primary endpoints are technical failure rate, first-attempt success rate, number of needle redirections and procedure time. We retrieve 32 trials (3439 patients) comparing pre-procedural lumbar ultrasounds to palpations for neuraxial procedures in various clinical settings. Pre-procedural ultrasounds decrease the overall risk of technical failure (Risk Ratio (RR) 0.69 (99% CI, 0.43 to 1.10), p = 0.04) but not in obese and difficult spinal patients (RR 0.53, p = 0.06) and increase the first-attempt success rate (RR 1.5 (99% CI, 1.22 to 1.86), p < 0.0001, NNT = 5). In difficult spines and obese patients, the RR is 1.84 (99% CI, 1.44 to 2.3; p < 0.0001, NNT = 3). The number of needle redirections is lower with pre-procedural ultrasounds (SMD = −0.55 (99% CI, −0.81 to −0.29), p < 0.0001), as is the case in difficult spines and obese patients (SMD = −0.85 (99% CI, −1.08 to −0.61), p < 0.0001). No differences are observed in procedural times. Ιn conclusion, a pre-procedural ultrasound provides significant benefit in terms of technical failure, number of needle redirections and first attempt-success rate. Τhe effect of pre-procedural ultrasound scanning of the lumbar spine is more significant in a subgroup analysis of difficult spines and obese patients.
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Vartolomei, Anamaria, Ioan Calinescu, Mircea Vinatoru, and Adina Ionuta Gavrila. "Intensification of the Enzymatic Esterification Process by Ultrasounds." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.1.6847.
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Ultrasound application is a method of enhancing the performance of biocatalysts. Enzymes performance is strongly influenced by the nature of the reaction medium. Ultrasounds have the potential to significantly influence the activity of the enzymatic processes, provided that the energy input is not too high to inactivate the enzyme. In the present paper a systematic study on ultrasound-assisted enzymatic esterification for aroma esters preparation is described. Thus, by ultrasound assisted enzymatic esterification i-amyl acetate was obtained. The method is efficient, mild, and environmentally benign. Significant improvements were obtained in comparison to conventional method. The results show a favourable perspective of the ultrasound technique to improve the process efficiency and reduce the reaction time. The commercial aroma esters synthesis will be potentially realized due to this ultrasound-promoted esters synthesis method.
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Wood, S., John Owen, Sheri Jenkins, and Lorie Harper. "The Utility of Repeat Midtrimester Anatomy Ultrasound for Anomaly Detection." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 14 (February 8, 2018): 1346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1626715.
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Introduction Although guidelines recommend repeat ultrasound in the setting of an incomplete fetal anatomic survey, the clinical utility of this practice has not been established. As such, we aimed to assess the yield of repeat ultrasound for anomaly detection following an incomplete survey. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all singletons who underwent a midtrimester anatomic ultrasound at University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) from 2006 to 2014. Patients with an incomplete ultrasound underwent repeat examinations until completion. The population was divided into cohorts FIRST, SECOND, and THIRD, corresponding to the ultrasound at which the exam was deemed complete. Each detected anomaly was tallied. The number of ultrasounds needed to detect an anomaly was then assessed per group. Results Of 15,768 ultrasounds performed on 13,740 patients, 11,828 exams were completed on first attempt; 1,796 patients required a second, while 116 patients required a third scan or more. We detected 324 anomalies; 93.8% in FIRST, 5.9% in SECOND, and 0.3% in THIRD. The number of scans needed to detect an anomaly was 39, 189, and 348 for FIRST, SECOND, and THIRD, respectively. Conclusion Over 90% of anomalies are detected on the initial fetal anatomic survey. The incremental diagnostic yield then decreases, requiring appreciably more repeat scans to detect one anomaly.
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Ferrier, Clément, Ferdinand Dhombres, Babak Khoshnood, Hanitra Randrianaivo, Isabelle Perthus, Lucie Guilbaut, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, and Jean-Marie Jouannic. "Trends in resource use and effectiveness of ultrasound detection of fetal structural anomalies in France: a multiple registry-based study." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e025482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025482.
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ObjectiveTo analyse trends in the number of ultrasound examinations in relation to the effectiveness of prenatal detection of birth defects using population-based data in France.DesignA multiple registry-based study of time trends in resource use (number of ultrasounds) and effectiveness (proportion of cases prenatally diagnosed).SettingThree registries of congenital anomalies and claims data on ultrasounds for all pregnant women in France.ParticipantsThere were two samples of pregnant women. Effectiveness was assessed using data from three French birth defect registries. Resource use for ultrasound screening was based on the French national healthcare database.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measures were prenatal diagnosis (effectiveness) and the average number of ultrasounds (resource use). Statistical analyses included linear and logistic regression models to assess trends in resource use and effectiveness of prenatal testing, respectively.ResultsThe average number of ultrasound examinations per pregnancy significantly increased over the study period, from 2.47 in 2006 to 2.98 in 2014 (p=0.005). However, there was no significant increase in the odds of prenatal diagnosis. The probability of prenatal diagnosis was substantially higher for cases associated with a chromosomal anomaly (91.2%) than those without (51.8%). However, there was no evidence of an increase in prenatal detection of either over time.ConclusionsThe average number of ultrasound examinations per pregnancy increased over time, whereas the probability of prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies did not. Hence, there is a need to implement policies such as high-quality training programmes which can improve the efficiency of ultrasound examinations for prenatal detection of congenital anomalies.
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Appleton, Kallie, and Aparna Atluru. "Maternal-Fetal Bonding: Ultrasound Imaging's Role in enhancing This Important Relationship." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 4 (2012): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1263.
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ABSTRACT New technology in ultrasound imaging is allowing women to view more visually precise images of their fetuses than ever before. Maternal-fetal bonding describes the attachment interaction that forms between a mother and her unborn child. Ultrasound diagnosis modalities including two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) may create differences in the amount of maternal-fetal bonding, depending on the modality used. When relevant literature was reviewed on this topic, no significant difference between maternal-fetal bonding was found when comparing 2D vs 3D vs 4D ultrasound. However, certain measures such as a perceived feeling of closeness to the baby were higher with 3D and 4D ultrasounds as compared with 2D ultrasound. Further exploration is needed to ascertain whether different ultrasound modalities have an effect on maternal-fetal bonding in multigestational pregnancies, pregnancies in which there is fetal demise, and to overall examine the effects of using ultrasound for nonmedical ‘entertainment’ purposes by prospective mothers. How to cite this article Atluru A, Appleton K, Kupesic Plavsic S. Maternal-Fetal Bonding: Ultrasound Imaging's Role in enhancing This Important Relationship. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(4):408-411.
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YASUMOTO, KOJI. "Fundamentals of Ultrasound (Ultrasound)." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 60, no. 1 (2004): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00000922256.
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Rebezov, Maksim, Bahytkul Assenova, Albina Luneva, Mars Khayrullin, Rustem Zalilov, Yury Lysenko, and Raisa Savkina. "Ultrasound-assisted innovations in protein processing: review." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 18 (June 19, 2024): 570–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1978.
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The contemporary landscape of protein processing is witnessing a paradigm shift propelled by innovative technologies. This review unveils innovations in protein processing through the lens of an ultrasound-assisted approach. The focus was on the interplay between ultrasound waves and proteins during ultrasound extraction technology. The realm of protein extraction, where traditional methods face challenges and ultrasound emerges as a transformative force, was highlighted, as well as ultrasound's role in enhancing protein yield and quality in relationship to protein structure and function. Comparative analyses have showcased the remarkable advancements ushered in by ultrasound-assisted techniques, and this review also extends to enzymatic hydrolysis, where ultrasound catalyses reactions, unlocking new dimensions in the production of bioactive peptides and nutritionally enriched proteins. In the bio-industrial sectors, ultrasound facilitates protein refolding and revolutionises recombinant protein production, stability and bioavailability. Ultrasound has emerged as a catalyst for efficiency and bioactivity enhancement, defeating conventional limitations to the intricate optimisation strategies of refolding. This review envisages the advantages of ultrasound technology and its applications in the bio-industrial sector. The prospects of ultrasound-assisted protein processing are outlined, and roadmaps and processing techniques are offered.
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Choi, Hye-Yeon. "Carotid duplex ultrasound: interpretations and clinical applications." Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology 23, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14253/acn.2021.23.2.82.
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Carotid duplex ultrasound is commonly used to diagnose various carotid artery diseases due to it being noninvasive and easy to perform. Carotid atherosclerosis is a major indicator for the need to perform carotid duplex ultrasound, which can determine the degree of stenosis, plaque characteristics, and intima-media thickness. It can also be used to screen and follow-up after carotid revascularization. Here we discuss the standard techniques, interpretations, and clinical indicators for carotid duplex ultrasounds.
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Leonardi, Mathew. "Diagnosing Superficial Endometriosis with Ultrasound?" Fertility & Reproduction 05, no. 04 (December 2023): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318223740201.
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This presentation focuses on the utility of ultrasound in diagnosing superficial endometriosis, a challenging condition to detect using traditional imaging methods. Superficial endometriosis refers to lesions on the surface of pelvic organs and peritoneum, causing severe pain and infertility. The presentation will highlight ultrasound’s potential as a non-invasive and cost-effective tool for detecting superficial endometriosis. Transvaginal and specialized ultrasound procedure approaches will be discussed including saline-infusion sonoPODography, enabling precise visualization of superficial lesions. Understanding sonographic features to distinguish superficial endometriosis from other pelvic pathologies was stressed, underscoring the role of skilled sonographers and clinicians. Early detection through ultrasound can lead to timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.
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Anderson, Thomas Anthony, Jorge Delgado, Sharon Sun, Negin Behzadian, Jose Vilches-Moure, Robert B. Szlavik, Kim Butts-Pauly, and David Yeomans. "Dose-dependent effects of high intensity focused ultrasound on compound action potentials in an ex vivo rodent peripheral nerve model: comparison to local anesthetics." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 47, no. 4 (February 3, 2022): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2021-103115.
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BackgroundIn animal models, focused ultrasound can reversibly or permanently inhibit nerve conduction, suggesting a potential role in managing pain. We hypothesized focused ultrasound’s effects on action potential parameters may be similar to those of local anesthetics.MethodsIn an ex vivo rat sciatic nerve model, action potential amplitude, area under the curve, latency to 10% peak, latency to 100% peak, rate of rise, and half peak width changes were assessed after separately applying increasing focused ultrasound pressures or concentrations of bupivacaine and ropivacaine. Focused ultrasound’s effects on nerve structure were examined histologically.ResultsIncreasing focused ultrasound pressures decreased action potential amplitude, area under the curve, and rate of rise, increased latency to 10% peak, and did not change latency to 100% peak or half peak width. Increasing local anesthetic concentrations decreased action potential amplitude, area under the curve, and rate of rise and increased latency to 10% peak, latency to 100% peak, and half peak width. At the highest focused ultrasound pressures, nerve architecture was altered compared with controls.DiscussionWhile some action potential parameters were altered comparably by focused ultrasound and local anesthetics, there were small but notable differences. It is not evident if these differences may lead to differences in clinical pain effects when focused ultrasound is applied in vivo or if focused ultrasound pressures that result in clinically relevant changes damage nerve structures. Given the potential advantages of a non-invasive technique for managing pain conditions, further investigation may be warranted in an in vivo pain model.
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Tri Arief Sardjono, Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno, I Made Gede Sunarya, I Ketut Eddy Purnama, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo, and Norma Hermawan. "Ultrasound Probe Calibration Method of Single-Wire Phantom Using Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm." Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi 12, no. 3 (August 31, 2023): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jnteti.v12i3.6282.
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A freehand three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound system is a method of acquiring images using a 3D ultrasound probe or conventional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound probe to give a 3D visualization of an object inside the body. Ultrasounds are used extensively in clinical applications since they are advantageous in that they do not bring dangerous radiation effects and have a low cost. However, a probe calibration method is needed to transform the coordinate position into a 3D visualization display, especially for image-guided intervention. The current ultrasound probe calibration system usually uses the numerical regression method for the N-wire phantom, which has problems in accuracy and reliability due to nonlinear point scattered ultrasound image data. Hence, a method for ultrasound probe positional calibration of single-wire phantom using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) was proposed to overcome this weakness. This experiment consisted of an optical tracking system setup, a 2D ultrasound probe with marker, an ultrasound machine, and a single-wire object in a water container equipped with a marker. The position and orientation of the marker in a 2D ultrasound probe and the marker in the water container were tracked using the optical tracking system. A 2D ultrasound probe was equipped with a marker connected wirelessly using an optical tracking system to capture the single-wire object. The resulting sequences of 2D ultrasound images were reconstructed and visualized into 3D ultrasound images using three transformations, ultrasound beam to ultrasound probe’s marker, single-wire phantom position to container’s marker, and the 3D visualization transformation. The LMA was used to determine the best optimization parameters for determining the exact position and representing that 3D visualization. The experiment result showed that the lowest mean square error (MSE), rotation error, and translation error were 0.45 mm, 0.25°, and 0.3828 mm, respectively.
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MIURA, AKINOBU. "Abdominal Ultrasoud : Liver, Gallbladder, Bile Duct, Spleen(Ultrasound)." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 60, no. 6 (2004): 777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00000922477.
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Lili Zhu, Lili Zhu, Wenming Xie Wenming Xie, Zhifang Li Zhifang Li, and Hui Li Hui Li. "Experimental study of ultrasound-modulated scattering light using different frequencies ultrasound probes." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 7 (2014): 071701–71703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.071701.
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Boccatonda, Andrea, Giulio Cocco, Damiano D’Ardes, Andrea Delli Pizzi, Gianpaolo Vidili, Chiara De Molo, Susanna Vicari, et al. "Infectious Pneumonia and Lung Ultrasound: A Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041402.
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The application of thoracic ultrasound examination has not long been developed because ultrasound’s interaction with the lung does not generate an anatomical image but an artifactual one. Subsequently, the evaluation of pulmonary artifacts and their correlation to specific diseases allowed the development of ultrasound semantics. Currently, pneumonia still represents one of the main causes of hospitalization and mortality. Several studies in the literature have demonstrated the ultrasound features of pneumonia. Although ultrasound cannot be considered the diagnostic gold standard for the study of all lung diseases, it has experienced an extraordinary development and growth of interest due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This review aims to provide essential information on the application of lung ultrasound to the study of infectious pneumonia and to discuss the differential diagnosis.
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Jared Weinfurtner, R., Melissa Anne Mallory, and Dayana Bermudez. "Repeat Breast Ultrasound Demonstrates Utility with Added Cancer Detection in Patients following Breast Imaging Second Opinion Recommendations." Breast Journal 2022 (January 31, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1561455.
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Purpose. Second opinion consultation for patients with suspicious findings on breast imaging and patients with known breast cancer is not uncommon. We sought to determine the frequency of second opinion breast and axillary ultrasound imaging review and the subsequent impact on clinical management. Materials and Methods. An IRB-approved retrospective chart review was conducted on 400 consecutive patients with second opinion radiology interpretations performed by subspecialized breast radiologists at a designated cancer center, including mammogram and ultrasound review. The outside institution imaging reports were compared with second opinion reports to categorize ultrasound review discrepancies which were defined as any BI-RADS category change. The discrepancy frequency, relevant alterations in patient management, and added cancer detection were measured. Results. The second opinion imaging review resulted in discrepant findings in 108/400 patients (27%). Patients with heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts had higher discrepancy frequency (36% discrepancy, 68/187) than those with almost entirely fatty or scattered fibroglandular breast tissue (19% discrepancy, 40/213) with P = 0.0001. Discrepancies resulted in the following changes in impression/recommendations: 70 repeat ultrasounds for better characterization of a breast lesion, 11 repeat ultrasounds of a negative region, 20 repeat ultrasounds for benign axillary lymph nodes, 5 downgrades from probably benign to benign, and 2 upgrades from benign to suspicious. Repeat ultrasounds of the axilla in 19 patients resulted in 13 biopsy recommendations, and 4 were metastatic (PPV3 31%). In the breast, repeat ultrasounds in 81 patients resulted in 14 upgrades to suspicious. Of these, 5 yielded malignancy. In addition, one patient was upgraded from benign to suspicious based on the outside image, with pathology revealing malignancy (breast PPV3 40%). Breast lesion BI-RADS category downgrades in 27 patients resulted in 10 avoided biopsies. Ultimately, second opinion ultrasound review resulted in altered management in 12% of patients (47/400). This included discovery of additional breast malignancies in 6 patients, metastatic lymph nodes in 4 patients, excisional biopsy for atypia in 1 patient, 4 patients proceeding to mastectomy, 10 patients who avoided biopsies, and 22 patients who avoided follow-up of benign findings. Conclusions. In this study, subspecialized second opinion ultrasound review had an impact on preventing unnecessary procedures and follow-up exams in 8% of patients while detecting additional cancer in 2.5%.
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Solodinina, E. N., I. A. Chekmazov, A. M. Efremenkov, N. V. Fomicheva, and Y. Y. Sokolov. "Endoscopic Ultrasound in pediatric patients. First experience." Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB Surgery 25, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.20204118-125.
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Aim. To evaluate the informational content of endoscopic ultrasound in pediatric patients with pancreatobiliary diseases. Materials and methods. The study included 16 patients with pancreatobiliary diseases, who were examined with 17 endoscopic ultrasounds within 14 months. The follow-up was 12 months. Results. Endoscopic ultrasound was informative in all 16 patients and in 14 patients it had an impact on the management. The main diseases that were indications for the examination included choledocholithiasis, pancreatobiliary abnormalities, relapsing pancreatitis, pancreatic cysts, as well as a combination of these diseases. There were no complications during the diagnostic examination as well as during the procedure done under the control of endoscopic ultrasonography. Conclusion. Endoscopic ultrasound is promising, effective and safe not only in adults but also in pediatric patients.
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Giffin, D., K. Van Aarsen, M. Brine, K. Church, M. Fotheringham, S. Pillon, C. Poss, L. Price, A. Dukelow, and J. Dreyer. "P055: Quality assessment and improvement evaluation of return visits to the emergency department for ultrasound." CJEM 21, S1 (May 2019): S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.246.
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Introduction: Depending on the time and day of initial Emergency Department (ED) presentation, some patients may require a return to the ED the following day for ultrasound examination. Return visits for ultrasound may be time and resource intensive for both patients and the ED. Qualitative experience suggests that a percentage of return ultrasounds could be performed at a non-ED facility. Our objective was to undertake a retrospective audit of return for ultrasound usage, patterns and outcomes at 2 academic EDs. Methods: A retrospective review of all adult patients returning to the ED for ultrasound at both LHSC ED sites in 2016 was undertaken. Each chart was independently reviewed by two emergency medicine consultants. Charts were assessed for day and time of initial presentation and return, type of ultrasound ordered, and length of ED stay on initial presentation and return visit. Opinion based questions were considered by reviewers, including urgency of diagnosis clarification required, if symptoms were still present on return, and if any medical or surgical treatment or follow up was arranged based on ultrasound results. Agreement between reviewers was assessed. Results: After eliminating charts for which the return visit was not for a scheduled ultrasound examination, 328 patient charts were reviewed. 63% of patients were female and median [IQR] age was 40 years [27-56]. Abdomen/pelvis represented 50% of the ultrasounds; renal 24%; venous Doppler 15.9%. Symptoms were still present and documented in 79% of cases. 22% of cases required a medical intervention and 9% an immediate surgical intervention. 11% of patients were admitted to hospital on their return visit. Outpatient follow-up based on US results was initiated in 29% of cases. Median [IQR] combined LOS was 479.5 minutes [358.5-621.75]. Agreement between reviewers for opinion based questions was poor (63%-96%). Conclusion: Ideally, formal ultrasound should be available on a 24 hour basis for ED patients in order to avoid return visits. A percentage of return for ultrasound examinations do not result in any significant change in treatment. Emergency departments should consider the development of pathways to avoid return visits for follow up ultrasound when possible. The low incidence of surgical treatment in those returning for US suggests that this population could be served in a non-hospital setting. Further research is required to support this conclusion.
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Hsu, Jin-Chen, Herwandi Alwi, Chun-Hao Wei, Kai-Li Liao, and Che-Ting Huang. "Reflections of High-Frequency Pulsed Ultrasound by Underwater Acoustic Metasurfaces Composed of Subwavelength Phase-Gradient Slits." Crystals 13, no. 5 (May 20, 2023): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13050846.
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We numerically and experimentally investigated the behavior of high-frequency underwater ultrasounds reflected by gradient acoustic metasurfaces. Metasurfaces were fabricated with a periodic array of gradient slits along the surface of a steel specimen. The finite element method was adopted for the acoustics–structure interaction problem to design the metasurfaces and simulate the reflected fields of the incident ultrasound. Our metasurfaces yielded anomalous reflection, specular reflection, apparent negative reflection, and radiation of surface-bounded modes for ultrasonic waves impinging on the metasurfaces at different incident angles. The occurrence of these reflection behaviors could be explained by the generalized Snell’s law for a gradient metasurface with periodic supercells. We showed that at some incident angles, strong anomalous reflection could be generated, which could lead to strong retroreflection at specific incident angles. Furthermore, we characterized the time evolution of the reflections using pulsed ultrasound. The simulated transient process revealed the formation of propagating reflected ultrasound fields. The experimentally measured reflected ultrasound signals verified the distinct reflection behaviors of the metasurfaces; strong anomalous reflection steering the ultrasound pulse and causing retroreflection was observed. This study paves the way for designing underwater acoustic metasurfaces for ultrasound imaging and caustic engineering applications using pulsed ultrasound in the high-frequency regime.
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Drost, Wm Tod. "ULTRASOUND CORNER CLEANING ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCERS." Veterinary Radiology Ultrasound 33, no. 6 (November 1992): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1992.tb00161.x.
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Schaffzin, David M., and W. Douglas Wong. "Surgeon-performed ultrasound: endorectal ultrasound." Surgical Clinics of North America 84, no. 4 (August 2004): 1127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2004.04.005.
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KAIGE, NAOYUKI. "Diagnostic Ultrasound of Urology(Ultrasound)." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 60, no. 8 (2004): 1050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00000922563.
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Wang, Ko Pen, David Feller-Kopman, Atul Mehta, Malay Sharma, and Lonny Yarmus. "Endobronchial Ultrasound and Esophageal Ultrasound." Chest 140, no. 1 (July 2011): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-0171.
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He, Xiangli, Shangxi Jia, Jiayun Wan, Yan Li, Yanyan Zhang, He Zhu, and Ke Li. "Effects of High-Intensity Ultrasound Treatments on the Physicochemical and Structural Characteristics of Sodium Caseinate (SC) and the Stability of SC-Coated Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsions." Foods 11, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11182817.
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The effects of high-intensity ultrasound treatment (0, 3, 6, 9 min) on physicochemical and structural characteristics of SC and the storage, thermal and freeze–thaw stability of SC O/W emulsions were investigated. The results showed that ultrasound treatment reduced the particle size of SC, although there were no obvious changes in zeta potential, profiles and weights. Ultrasound treatment improved surface hydrophobicity and fluorescence intensity of SC and changed ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy but had no influence on the secondary structure of SC. This indicates that ultrasounds might destroy the tertiary structure but leave most of the integral secondary structure. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) also showed that ultrasound-treated SC presented small aggregates and a loose structure. The physicochemical and structural changes of SC benefited the ability of protein adsorbing oil droplets and emulsion stability. Under stresses such as storage, thermal and freeze–thawing, the oil droplets of treated emulsions were still uniform and stable, especially at 6 min and 9 min. Overall, the high-intensity ultrasounds made the SC present small aggregates and a loose structure improving the SC O/W emulsions stability under storage, thermal and freeze–thawing environment and have great potential to stabilize the SC prepared O/W emulsions.
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Louis, Germaine, Paul Albert, Sungduk Kim, Karin Fuchs, Jagteshwar Grewal, Mary D'Alton, Katherine Grantz, and Melissa Smarr. "Characterization of Thermal and Mechanical Indices from Serial Ultrasound Exams and Associations with Neonatal Anthropometry: The NICHD Fetal Growth Studies." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 07 (November 30, 2017): 632–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608926.
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Objective This article aims to determine if the number of maternal ultrasound scans where the highest thermal (TI) or mechanical (MI) indices recorded during obstetrical ultrasound exceed 1.0 were associated with neonatal anthropometric measurements. Study Design A prospective cohort of 2,334 nonobese low-risk pregnant women from 12 U.S. clinical sites underwent a total of six ultrasound scans, for which the highest TI and MI values were recorded. Neonatal anthropometric measurements were obtained within 12 to 24 hours of delivery. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, body mass index, weight gain, and gestational age were used to examine associations between the number of maternal ultrasounds during gestation with a TI or MI exceeding 1.0 and the mean change in neonatal anthropometry. Results Ultrasounds with TI or MI >1.0 were not associated with birth weight, neonatal length, nor head, chest, and abdominal circumferences. TI >1.0 was negatively associated with neonatal mid-upper arm and mid-upper thigh circumferences. MI >1.0 was negatively associated with neonatal skinfold measurements of the anterior thigh and triceps, and neonatal circumferences of the mid-upper thigh and umbilicus. Conclusion Prenatal ultrasound examinations in which TI or MI intermittently exceeded 1.0 did not identify a pattern of alterations of birth size.
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Hanes, IE, N. Abdeen, K. Muir, and E. Sell. "P.058 Tuberous sclerosis complex associated intracranial abnormalities identified in utero via antenatal ultrasound." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 46, s1 (June 2019): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2019.158.
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Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by growth of benign tumors in the skin, brain, kidneys, lung and heart. Prognosis is mostly determined by the extent of brain involvement as tumors in the brain lead to seizures and cognitive problems. Epilepsy is highly associated with the cognitive abnormalities in TSC and recent evidence suggests anti-epileptic treatment before onset of seizures reduces epilepsy severity and risk of mental retardation. Screening and potential identification of TSC in utero via ultrasound would allow for prophylactic seizure management in these children. The sensitivity of antenatal ultrasound in the identification of brain abnormalities associated with TSC has not yet been published. In this case, we review the antenatal ultrasounds of a child with TSC for evidence of brain abnormalities in utero. Methods: Retrospective review Results: Retrospective review of antenatal ultrasounds showed some evidence of intracranial abnormalities. Ultrasound at 34 weeks and 4 days gestation revealed an echogenic density in the right ventricle that correlates with SEGA on post-natal MRI brain at 12 days of life. Post-natal brain ultrasound at 37 weeks revealed multiple cranial abnormalities not seen in utero. Conclusions: There are limitations to antenatal neurosonography in the detection of intracranial abnormalities associated with TSC.
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Germanoska, Biljana, Matthew Coady, Sheyin Ng, Gary Fermanis, and Matthew Miller. "The reliability of carotid ultrasound in determining the return of pulsatile flow: A pilot study." Ultrasound 26, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x17753467.
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Manual palpation of pulses is unreliable in detecting pulsatile flow in human participants, complicating the assessment of return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest. Ultrasound may offer an alternative. This study’s objective was to investigate whether return of pulsatile flow in humans can be reliably assessed by common carotid artery ultrasound. We conducted a single-blinded randomised study of common carotid artery ultrasound using 20 cardiopulmonary bypass patients to model the return of pulsatile flow. Synchronised time-stamped videos of radial artery invasive blood pressure and 10 two-dimensional or 10 colour Doppler ultrasounds were recorded. Three independent reviewers recorded the timestamp where they considered pulsatile flow was first visible on ultrasound. Ultrasound times were compared to the onset of arterial line pulsatile flow and reliability assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient. The median difference between radial artery and ultrasound flow time (interquartile range (range)) was 24 seconds (5–40 (0–93)) for two-dimensional and 5 seconds (2–17 (−28 to 188)) for colour Doppler. The intraclass correlation coefficient for two-dimensional ultrasound was 0.86 (95%CI 0.63–0.96) and 0.32 (95%CI −0.01 to 0.71) for colour Doppler. The median (interquartile range (range)) mean arterial pressure where ultrasound flow occurred for two-dimensional ultrasound was 62 mmHg (49–74 (33–82)) and 56 mmHg (52–73 (43–83)) for colour Doppler. In our pilot study, two-dimensional ultrasound was reliable in detecting the return of pulsatile flow. Colour Doppler detected pulsatile flow earlier and at lower mean arterial pressure but was not reliable, although a larger study is needed to determine colour Doppler’s utility.