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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultrasound biosafety'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Nelson, Thomas R., J. Brian Fowlkes, Jacques S. Abramowicz, and Charles C. Church. "Ultrasound Biosafety Considerations for the Practicing Sonographer and Sonologist." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 28, no. 2 (February 2009): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.2009.28.2.139.

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2

Akhtar, Waseem, Mubashir Aslam Arain, Arif Ali, Nabeel Manzar, Zafar Sajjad, Mukhtiar Memon, Wasim Memon, and Nadeem Ahmad. "Ultrasound Biosafety During Pregnancy: What Do Operators Know in the Developing World?" Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 30, no. 7 (July 2011): 981–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.2011.30.7.981.

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3

Yao, Yuanzhi, Huan Xiao, Lirong Zhu, Yang Gao, Juan Xu, Yi Tang, Qiao Wang, and Chunjiang Yang. "Ultrasound-Mediated Oxygen Delivery for Enhanced Radiotherapy with Ultrasound Imaging Guidance." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2020.2990.

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As a non-invasive therapeutic, radiotherapy (RT) has been extensively used for solid tumor treatment. However, intratumoral hypoxia leads to severe RT resistance or failure. Moreover, damage from RT to normal tissues limits the application of high doses of radiation to eliminate cancer cells. Therefore, simultaneously improving the curative efficacy while minimizing the side effects of RT is in pressing need. Hence, the purpose of this study is to use oxygen-based microbubbles (O2 @MBs) combined with ultrasound (US) targeting microbubble destruction (UTMD) technology to overcome hypoxia prior to RT, evaluate the effects of O2 @MBs on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging enhancement, investigate the optimum delivery route of O2 @MBs, and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, O2 @MBs were injected intravenously or locally and the distribution of O2 @MBs in tumors or regions surrounding the tumors are compared by US imaging. The hypoxic status of tumors and their sensitivity to RT were investigated. Our findings suggest that O2 @MBs combined with UTMD can significantly enhance the effects of RT. In addition, the in vivo biosafety assay demonstrates good biocompatibility, indicating great potential for clinical translation.
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4

FERIL, Jr., Loreto B., and Takashi KONDO. "Biological Effects of Low Intensity Ultrasound: The Mechanism Involved, and its Implications on Therapy and on Biosafety of Ultrasound." Journal of Radiation Research 45, no. 4 (2004): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1269/jrr.45.479.

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5

Zou, Xiaomeng, Tiantian Li, Yingxuan Mao, Mingwei Zhu, Xi Chen, Jiamei Niu, Tianxiu Dong, Jian Jiang, and Xiuhua Yang. "Multifunctional Drug-Loaded Phase-Change Nanoparticles Inhibit the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Affecting the Activity of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells." BioMed Research International 2022 (November 12, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6441179.

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Objectives. Preparation of a multifunctional drug-loaded phase-change nanoparticle (NP), pirfenidone perfluoropentane liposome NPs (PPL NPs), and combined with low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) to influence epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by inhibiting the activity of activated Hepatic Stellate Cells (a-HSCs). Methods. PPL NPs were prepared by the thin film dispersion method. The appearance, particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading rate, drug release in vitro, and stability of PPL NPs were tested. The role of a-HSCs in HCC metastasis was studied by CCK-8, colony formation assay, apoptosis, cellular uptake assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay. Western blot was used to detect the related protein expression levels. In vitro and vivo, the acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) of PPL NPs was tested at different times and LIFU intensities. Biosafety of the PPL NPs was assessed by measuring nude mouse body weight and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results. The results showed that the PPL NPs had good biosafety, with an average particle size of 346.6 ± 62.21 nm and an average zeta potential of -15.23 mV. When the LIFU power is 2.4 W/cm2, it can improve the permeability of cells, further promote the uptake of drugs by cells, and improve the toxicity of drugs. In vitro experiments showed that PPL NPs could inhibit the proliferation of a-HSCs cells, thereby affecting the metastasis of HCC, and were related to the TGFβ-Smad2/3-Snail signaling pathway. Both in vivo and in vitro PPL NPs enhanced ultrasound imaging by LIFU-triggered ADV. Conclusion. The PPL NPs designed and prepared in this study combined with LIFU irradiation could significantly alter the EMT of HCC by inhibiting LX2. Clinically, PPL NPs will also be considered a promising contrast agent due to their ultrasound imaging capabilities.
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Miyague, André Hadyme, Fernando Marum Mauad, Wellington de Paula Martins, Augusto César Garcia Benedetti, Ana Elizabeth Gomes de Melo Tavares Ferreira, and Francisco Mauad-Filho. "Ultrasound scan as a potential source of nosocomial and cross-infection: a literature review." Radiologia Brasileira 48, no. 5 (October 2015): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2014.0002.

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AbstractThe authors review the main concepts regarding the importance of cleaning/disinfection of ultrasonography probes, aiming a better comprehension by practitioners and thus enabling strategies to establish a safe practice without compromising the quality of the examination and the operator productivity. In the context of biosafety, it is imperative to assume that contact with blood or body fluids represents a potential source of infection. Thus, in order to implement cleaning/disinfection practice, it is necessary to understand the principles of infection control, to consider the cost/benefit ratio of the measures to be implemented, and most importantly, to comprehend that such measures will not only benefit the health professional and the patient, but the society as a whole.
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7

Abramowicz, Jacques S. "Biosafety of Sonography: Still a Mystery to Most Obstetrics (and Other) Providers." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 39, no. 9 (April 11, 2020): 1683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jum.15272.

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8

Wasickanin, Morgan, Jessica Lentscher, Lisa Foglia, Zachary Colburn, and Sarah Estrada. "Biosafety of Sonography: Survey of Current Knowledge and Practice Patterns in Obstetrics Providers." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 39, no. 9 (April 11, 2020): 1743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jum.15273.

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9

Bromley, Bryann, Jean Spitz, Karin Fuchs, and Loralei L. Thornburg. "Do Clinical Practitioners Seeking Credentialing for Nuchal Translucency Measurement Demonstrate Compliance With Biosafety Recommendations?" Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 33, no. 7 (July 2014): 1209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/ultra.33.7.1209.

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10

Danafar, Hossein, Marziyeh Salehiabar, Murat Barsbay, Hossein Rahimi, Mohammadreza Ghaffarlou, Kasra Arbabi Zaboli, Mohammad Hasan Faghfoori, Saeed Kaboli, Hamed Nosrati, and Zeinab Faghfoori. "Curcumin delivery by modified biosourced carbon-based nanoparticles." Nanomedicine 17, no. 2 (January 2022): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2021-0225.

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Aim: To prepare a novel hybrid system for the controlled release and delivery of curcumin (CUR). Methods: A method for the ultrasound-assisted fabrication of protein-modified nanosized graphene oxide-like carbon-based nanoparticles (CBNPs) was developed. After being modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA), CUR was loaded onto the synthesized hybrid (labeled CBNPs@BSA–CUR). The structure and properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were elucidated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. Results: CBNPs@BSA–CUR showed pH sensitivity and were calculated as controlled CUR release behavior. The drug-free system exhibited good biocompatibility and was nontoxic. However, CBNPs@BSA–CUR showed acceptable antiproliferative ability against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Conclusion: CBNPs@BSA–CUR could be considered a highly promising nontoxic nanocarrier for the delivery of CUR with good biosafety.
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11

Fan, Tianbing, Wenbo Zhu, Min Kong, Xiaochan Yang, Cheng Wang, Min Wang, and Zhaoyin Wang. "The Significance of PAX8-PPARγ Expression in Thyroid Cancer and the Application of a PAX8-PPARγ-Targeted Ultrasound Contrast Agent in the Early Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022 (June 23, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3265342.

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Objective. To investigate the significance of PAX8-PPARγ expression in thyroid cancer and the application of a PAX8-PPARγ-targeted ultrasound contrast agent in the early diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Methods. In this study, the expression of PAX8-PPARγ in thyroid cancer tissues, paracancer groups, and normal thyroid tissues was detected by western and immunohistochemical techniques; the effects of PAX8-PPARγ expression inhibition on thyroid cancer cell growth, clonogenic ability, and antiapoptosis were examined. The terminal carboxylactic acid/hydroxyacetic acid copolymer (PLGA-COOH) nanoparticles were prepared by the double emulsification solvent volatilization method. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the targeted contrast agent was detected by MTS and other methods; LD50 was used to evaluate its short-term in vivo toxicity after intraperitoneal injection in mice. Results. PAX8-PPARγ expression was significantly increased in thyroid cancer tissues, and the expression level of PAX8-PPARγ was closely correlated with TNM staging and lymph node metastasis ( P < 0.05). In addition, PAX8-PPARγ was also expressed at high levels in thyroid cancer cell lines relative to normal thyroid cells. MTS experiments showed that the PAX8-PPARγ-targeted ultrasound nanocontrast agent had no significant toxic side effects on thyroid cells; countess observed that the contrast agent had no effect on cell survival and mortality; the LD50 assay showed that the targeted contrast agent had a wide safety range. Western blot showed the expression of caspase-3, BAX, and Bcl-2 in thyroid cancer cells, indicating that the nanocontrast agent has a good biosafety. In vitro targeting experiments showed that there were more nanospheres aggregated around the cells in the targeted contrast group. In vivo targeting imaging of nude mice revealed that the ultrasound signal was significantly enhanced in the targeted group compared with the nontargeted group after 20 min of LIFU irradiation. Conclusion. PAX8-PPARγ overexpression in thyroid cancer cell lines and thyroid cancer tissues promoted the proliferation and antiapoptotic ability of thyroid cancer cells and promoted the tumorigenic ability in nude mice in vivo. We successfully prepared a PAX8-PPARγ-targeted ultrasound nanocontrast agent, which has regular morphology, uniform size, and high stability, and its liquid-gas phase change can be promoted at lower temperature. Therefore, this contrast agent can achieve US-targeted imaging and temperature phase transition function, and may have enhanced ultrasound imaging potential.
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12

Lu, Yifan, Guanghui Tang, Hui Lin, Xiaojie Lin, Lu Jiang, Guo-Yuan Yang, and Yongting Wang. "A biosafety evaluation of synchrotron radiation X-ray to skin and bone marrow: single dose irradiation study of rats and macaques." International Journal of Radiation Biology 93, no. 6 (February 16, 2017): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2017.1286049.

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13

Mo, Jiantao, Xuanbo Da, Qiaoxin Li, Jingjing Huang, Le Lu, and Hongwei Lu. "The Study of Exosomes-Encapsulated mPEG-PLGA Polymer Drug-Loaded Particles for Targeted Therapy of Liver Cancer." Journal of Oncology 2022 (September 17, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4234116.

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The emergence of targeted drugs brings hope to patients with advanced liver cancer. However, due to the complex and diverse environment in the human body, the overall response rate of targeted drugs is not high. Therefore, how to efficiently deliver targeted drugs to tumor sites is a major challenge for current research. The project intends to construct mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles loaded with Sora and encapsulate them with exosomes for targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. mPEG-PLGA drug-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by the dialysis method and characterized by TEM and DLS. The obtained nanoparticles were incubated with the exosomes of liver cancer cells, and the exosomes-encapsulated drug-loaded nanoparticles (Exo-Sora-NPs) were obtained under pulsed ultrasound conditions, and they were characterized by Western blot, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The toxic effect of Exo-Sora-NPs on liver cancer cells was detected by the CCK-8 experiment. The uptake efficiency of nanoparticles by liver cancer cells was detected by a confocal microscope. The accumulation and infiltration depth of nanomedicine in liver cancer tissues were observed by confocal microscope on frozen sections of liver cancer tissue after the H22 liver cancer subcutaneous tumor transplantation model was constructed. The tumor size, body weight, pathology, and serology analysis of mice were measured after administration. The mPEG-PLGA polymer drug-loaded particles encapsulated by exosomes have high targeting ability and biosafety. To a certain extent, they can target the drug to the tumor site with a smaller systemic response and have a highly effective killing effect on the tumor. Nanodrug-loaded particles encapsulated by exosomes have great potential as drug carriers.
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14

Liu, Xingwang, Kai Sun, Pengzhi Xu, Zhongshen Yu, Zeming Lei, Huihui Zhou, Jutao Li, et al. "Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Graft-Bone Healing of Artificial Ligaments: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study." American Journal of Sports Medicine 50, no. 3 (March 2022): 801–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465211063158.

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Background: As many researchers have focused on promoting the graft-bone healing of artificial ligaments, even with numerous chemical coatings, identifying a biosafe, effective, and immediately usable method is still important clinically. Purpose: (1) To determine whether a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound system (LIPUS) promotes in vitro cell viability and osteogenic differentiation and (2) to assess the applicability and effectiveness of LIPUS in promoting the graft-bone healing of artificial ligaments in vivo. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets and grafts were randomly assigned to control and LIPUS groups. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were cultured on PET sheets. Cell viability and morphology were evaluated using a live/dead viability assay and scanning electron microscopy. Alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodule formation, and Western blot were evaluated for osteogenic differentiation. For in vivo experiments, the effect of LIPUS was evaluated via an extra-articular graft-bone healing model in 48 rabbits: the osteointegration and new bone formation were tested by micro–computed tomography and histological staining, and the graft-bone bonding was tested by biomechanical testing. Results: Cell viability was significantly higher in the LIPUS group as compared with control (living and dead compared between control and LIPUS groups, P = .0489 vs P = .0489). Better adherence of cells and greater development of extracellular matrix were observed in the LIPUS group. Furthermore, LIPUS promoted alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodule formation, and the protein expression of collagen 1 ( P = .0002) and osteocalcin ( P = .0006) in vitro. Micro–computed tomography revealed higher surrounding bone mass at 4 weeks and newly formed bone mass at 8 weeks in the LIPUS group ( P = .0014 and P = .0018). Histological analysis showed a narrower interface and direct graft-bone contact in the LIPUS group; the surrounding bone area at 4 weeks and the mass of newly formed bone at 4 and 8 weeks in the LIPUS group were also significantly higher as compared with control (surrounding bone, P < .0001; newly formed bone, P = .0016 at 4 weeks and P = .005 at 8 weeks). The ultimate failure load in the LIPUS group was significantly higher than in the control group ( P < .0001 at 4 weeks; P = .0008 at 8 weeks). Conclusion: LIPUS promoted the viability and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts in vitro and enhanced the graft-bone healing of PET artificial ligament in vivo. Clinical Relevance: LIPUS is an effective physical stimulation to enhance graft-bone healing after artificial ligament implantation.
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15

Akhtar, Waseem. "Biosafety of Ultrasound in Clinical Practice." Biosafety 02, no. 01 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0331.1000e128.

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16

Sun, Sheng, Jianyuan Wang, Menglun Zhang, Yuan Ning, Dong Ma, Yi Yuan, Pengfei Niu, Zhicong Rong, Zhuochen Wang, and Wei Pang. "MEMS ultrasonic transducers for safe, low-power and portable eye-blinking monitoring." Microsystems & Nanoengineering 8, no. 1 (June 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41378-022-00396-w.

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AbstractEye blinking is closely related to human physiology and psychology. It is an effective method of communication among people and can be used in human–machine interactions. Existing blink monitoring methods include video-oculography, electro-oculograms and infrared oculography. However, these methods suffer from uncomfortable use, safety risks, limited reliability in strong light or dark environments, and infringed informational security. In this paper, we propose an ultrasound-based portable approach for eye-blinking activity monitoring. Low-power pulse-echo ultrasound featuring biosafety is transmitted and received by microelectromechanical system (MEMS) ultrasonic transducers seamlessly integrated on glasses. The size, weight and power consumption of the transducers are 2.5 mm by 2.5 mm, 23.3 mg and 71 μW, respectively, which provides better portability than conventional methods using wearable devices. Eye-blinking activities were characterized by open and closed eye states and validated by experiments on different volunteers. Finally, real-time eye-blinking monitoring was successfully demonstrated with a response time less than 1 ms. The proposed solution paves the way for ultrasound-based wearable eye-blinking monitoring and offers miniaturization, light weight, low power consumption, high informational security and biosafety.
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Li, Xiaoyu, Shujun Xia, Ri Ji, Weiwei Zhan, and Wei Zhou. "Evaluation of Microwave Ablation in 4T1 Breast Tumor by a Novel VEFGR2 Targeted Ultrasound Contrast Agents." Frontiers in Oncology 11 (July 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.690152.

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ObjectivesA novel ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) VEGFR2-targeting iron-doped silica (SiO2) hollow nanoparticles (VEGFR2-PEG-HSNs-Fe NPs) was prepared and applied in microwave ablation for breast cancer to investigate its value in the evaluation of effectiveness after tumor ablation.MethodsVEGFR2-PEG-HSNs-Fe NPs were prepared by using nano-SiO2, which was regarded as a substrate and etched by ferrous acetate, and then modified with anti-VEGFR2 antibody. Laser confocal microscope and flow cytometry were used to observe its main physicochemical properties, and biological safety was also investigated. After the xenograft tumor was treated with microwave ablation, the extent of perfusion defect was evaluated by ultrasound by injecting VEGFR2-PEG-HSNs-Fe NPs.ResultsThe average particle size of VEGFR2-PEG-HSNs-Fe was 276.64 ± 30.31 nm, and the surface potential was −13.46 ± 2.83 mV. In vitro, the intensity of ultrasound signal increased with UCA concentration. Good biosafety was performed in in vivo and in vitro experiments. The enhanced ultrasound signal was detected in tumors after injection of VEGFR2-PEG-HSNs-Fe NPs, covering the whole tumor. The lesions, which were incompletely ablated, presented as contrast agent perfusion at the periphery of the tumor, and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed again after complementary ablation. It was confirmed that all the lesions were completely ablated.ConclusionNano-targeted UCAs VEGFR2-PEG-HSNs-Fe NPs had good biosafety and ability of specific imaging, which might be used as a contrast agent in CEUS to evaluate the efficacy of tumor ablation.
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18

Mashiane, Salome E., Barbara van Dyk, and Yasmin Casmod. "Ultrasound biosafety: Knowledge and opinions of health practitioners who perform obstetric scans in South Africa." Health SA Gesondheid 24 (October 17, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v24i0.1028.

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19

Yao, Huan, Liang Zhang, Shujin Yan, Yiman He, Hui Zhu, Yasha Li, Dong Wang, and Ke Yang. "Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound/nanomechanical force generators enhance osteogenesis of BMSCs through microfilaments and TRPM7." Journal of Nanobiotechnology 20, no. 1 (August 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-022-01587-3.

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Abstract Background Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been reported to accelerate fracture healing, but the mechanism is unclear and its efficacy needs to be further optimized. Ultrasound in combination with functionalized microbubbles has been shown to induce local shear forces and controllable mechanical stress in cells, amplifying the mechanical effects of LIPUS. Nanoscale lipid bubbles (nanobubbles) have high stability and good biosafety. However, the effect of LIPUS combined with functionalized nanobubbles on osteogenesis has rarely been studied. Results In this study, we report cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-modified nanobubbles (cRGD-NBs), with a particle size of ~ 500 nm, able to actively target bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via integrin receptors. cRGD-NBs can act as nanomechanical force generators on the cell membrane, and further enhance the BMSCs osteogenesis and bone formation promoted by LIPUS. The polymerization of actin microfilaments and the mechanosensitive transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) ion channel play important roles in BMSCs osteogenesis promoted by LIPUS/cRGD-NBs. Moreover, the mutual regulation of TRPM7 and actin microfilaments promote the effect of LIPUS/cRGD-NBs. The extracellular Ca2 + influx, controlled partly by TRPM7, could participated in the effect of LIPUS/cRGD-NBs on BMSCs. Conclusions The nanomechanical force generators cRGD-NBs could promote osteogenesis of BMSCs and bone formation induced by LIPUS, through regulation TRPM7, actin cytoskeleton, and intracellular calcium oscillations. This study provides new directions for optimizing the efficacy of LIPUS for fracture healing, and a theoretical basis for the further application and development of LIPUS in clinical practice.
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20

Cai, Wei, Qi Wu, Zhi Zhong Yan, Wei-Zhen He, Xiao-Ming Zhou, Long-Jiang Zhou, Jian-Yong Zhang, and Xin Zhang. "Neuroprotective Effect of Ultrasound Triggered Astaxanthin Release Nanoparticles on Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage." Frontiers in Chemistry 9 (October 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.775274.

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Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a fatal disease. Within 72 h of SAH, the intracranial blood-brain barrier (BBB) is destroyed, and the nerve cells have responses such as autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Antioxidation is an essential treatment of SAH. Astaxanthin (ATX) induces cells’ antioxidant behaviors by regulating related signal pathways to reduce the damage of brain oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Because of its easy degradability and low bioavailability, ATX is mainly encapsulated with stimulus-responsive nanocarriers to improve its stability, making it rapidly release in the brain and efficiently enter the lesion tissue. In this study, the ultrasonic cavitation agent perfluorocarbon (PFH), ATX, and fluorescent dye IR780 were loaded with polydopamine (PDA) to prepare a US triggered release nanoparticles (AUT NPs). The core-shell structure of AUT NPs formed a physical barrier to improve the bioavailability of ATX. AUT NPs have high ATX loading capacity and US responsiveness. The experimental results show that the AUT NPs have high stability in the physiological environment. Both US and pH stimuli can trigger the release. Under US, PFH breaks through the rigid shell. The structure of AUT NPs is destroyed in situ, releasing the loaded drugs into neuronal cells to realize the antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. The in vivo experiment results show that the AUT NPs have good biosafety. They release the drugs in the brain under stimuli. The in vivo treatment results also show that AUT NPs have an excellent therapeutic effect. This approach presents an experimental basis for the establishment of Innovative SAH treatments.
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Hao, Ming, MengNa Duan, Zhijing Yang, Hengzong Zhou, Shuangji Li, Jingcheng Xiang, Han Wu, et al. "Engineered stem cell exosomes for oral and maxillofacial wound healing." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10 (October 24, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1038261.

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Wound healing of the oral and maxillofacial area affects the quality of life and mental health of the patient; therefore, effective therapies are required to promote wound healing. However, traditional treatment methods have limited efficacy. Exosomes secreted by stem cells used for oral and maxillofacial wound healing have shown outstanding results. Stem cell-derived exosomes possess the regenerative and repair ability of stem cells. Moreover, they are nontumorigenic and have good biosafety. However, the application of natural stem cell exosomes is limited owing to their low yield, impurity, lack of targeting, and low drug delivery rate. Many modification methods have been developed to engineered stem cell exosomes with beneficial properties, such as modifying parent cells and directly processing stem cell exosomes. These methods include coincubation, genetic engineering, electroporation, ultrasound, and artificial synthesis of engineered stem cell exosomes. These engineered stem cell exosomes can cargo nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules. This gives them anti-inflammatory and cell proliferation regulatory abilities and enables the targeted promotion of efficient soft tissue repair after trauma. Engineered stem cell exosomes can decrease inflammation, promote fibroblast proliferation, and angiogenesis, and decrease scar formation to promote oral and maxillofacial wound healing, including diabetic and burn wounds. Thus, engineered stem cell exosomes are an effective treatment that has the potential for oral and maxillofacial wound healing.
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22

Lee, Chiang-Wen, Ming-Hsien Chiang, Wen-Chun Wei, Shu-Shien Liao, Yen-Bin Liu, Kuan-Chih Huang, Kuen-Lin Chen, et al. "Highly efficient magnetic ablation and the contrast of various imaging using biocompatible liquid–metal gallium." BioMedical Engineering OnLine 21, no. 1 (June 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12938-022-01003-9.

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Abstract Background Although the powerful clinical effects of radiofrequency and microwave ablation have been established, such ablation is associated with several limitations, including a small ablation size, a long ablation time, the few treatment positioning, and biosafety risks. To overcome these limitations, biosafe and efficient magnetic ablation was achieved in this study by using biocompatible liquid gallium as an ablation medium and a contrast medium for imaging. Results Magnetic fields with a frequency (f) lower than 200 kHz and an amplitude (H) × f value lower than 5.0 × 109 Am−1 s−1 were generated using the proposed method. These fields could generate an ablation size of 3 cm in rat liver lobes under a temperature of approximately 300 °C and a time of 20 s. The results of this study indicate that biomedical gallium can be used as a contrast medium for the positioning of gallium injections and the evaluation of ablated tissue around a target site. Liquid gallium can be used as an ablation medium and imaging contrast medium because of its stable retention in normal tissue for at least 3 days. Besides, the high anticancer potential of gallium ions was inferred from the self-degradation of 100 µL of liquid gallium after around 21 days of immersion in acidic solutions. Conclusions The rapid wireless ablation of large or multiple lesions was achieved through the simple multi-injection of liquid gallium. This approach can replace the currently favoured procedure involving the use of multiple ablation probes, which is associated with limited benefits and several side effects. Methods Magnetic ablation was confirmed to be highly efficient by the consistent results obtained in the simulation and in vitro tests of gallium and iron oxide as well as the electromagnetic specifics and thermotherapy performance comparison detailed in this study Ultrasound imaging, X-ray imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging were found to be compatible with the proposed magnetic ablation method. Self-degradation analysis was conducted by mixing liquid gallium in acidic solutions with a pH of approximately 5–7 (to imitate a tumour-containing microenvironment). X-ray diffraction was used to identify the gallium oxides produced by degraded gallium ions.
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23

Ma, Ru, Yi Qi, Xinying Zhao, Xueyan Li, Xuejing Sun, Piye Niu, Yanbo Li, Caixia Guo, Rui Chen, and Zhiwei Sun. "Amorphous silica nanoparticles accelerated atherosclerotic lesion progression in ApoE−/− mice through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated CD36 up-regulation in macrophage." Particle and Fibre Toxicology 17, no. 1 (October 2, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-020-00380-0.

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Abstract Background The biosafety concern of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) is rapidly expanding alongside with its mass production and extensive applications. The cardiovascular effects of SiNPs exposure have been gradually confirmed, however, the interaction between SiNPs exposure and atherosclerosis, and the underlying mechanisms still remain unknown. Thereby, this study aimed to explore the effects of SiNPs on the progression of atherosclerosis, and to investigate related mechanisms. Results We firstly investigated the in vivo effects of SiNPs exposure on atherosclerosis via intratracheal instillation of ApoE−/− mice fed a Western diet. Ultrasound microscopy showed a significant increase of pulse wave velocity (PWV) compared to the control group, and the histopathological investigation reflected a greater plaque burden in the aortic root of SiNPs-exposed ApoE−/− mice. Compared to the control group, the serum levels of total triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were elevated after SiNPs exposure. Moreover, intensified macrophage infiltration and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was occurred in plaques after SiNPs exposure, as evidenced by the upregulated CD68 and CHOP expressions. Further in vitro, SiNPs was confirmed to activate ER stress and induce lipid accumulation in mouse macrophage, RAW264.7. Mechanistic analyses showed that 4-PBA (a classic ER stress inhibitor) pretreatment greatly alleviated SiNPs-induced macrophage lipid accumulation, and reversed the elevated CD36 expression induced by SiNPs. Conclusions Our results firstly revealed the acceleratory effect of SiNPs on the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice, which was related to lipid accumulation caused by ER stress-mediated upregulation of CD36 expression in macrophage. Graphical abstract
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