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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultrasonics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Lucas, M., A. Gachagan, and A. Cardoni. "Research applications and opportunities in power ultrasonics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 12 (October 21, 2009): 2949–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1671.

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The first applications in power ultrasonics were largely focused on ultrasonic cleaning baths, which rely on generating inertial cavitation, and the incorporation of ultrasonic excitation in manufacturing processes such as joining of plastics and metals. Since the early days of power ultrasonics there has been a rapid growth in the number of applications, and the diversified range of applications, from microwelding to ultrasonic osteotomy, has been made possible by a combination of advances in experimental techniques for characterizing low ultrasonic frequency vibrations and acoustics, and advances in computational modelling. This article highlights just some of the research in power ultrasonics that aims to exploit the benefits of low ultrasonic frequency high ultrasonic amplitude vibrations. This article reports current research and suggests future opportunities in three different application areas that have seen significant recent advances: joining and shaping of metals, surgical devices, and cavitation cells.

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2

Lucas, Margaret, Andrea Cardoni, E. McCulloch, G. Hunter, and Alan MacBeath. "Applications of Power Ultrasonics in Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 13-14 (July 2008): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.13-14.11.

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Applications of power ultrasonics in engineering are growing and now encompass a wide variety of industrial processes and medical procedures. In the field of power ultrasonics, ultrasonic vibrations are used to effect a physical change in a medium. However, the mechanism by which a process can benefit from power ultrasonics is not common for all applications and can include one or more of such diverse mechanisms as acoustic cavitation, heating, microfracture, surface agitation and chemical reactions. This paper presents two applications of power ultrasonics involving some of these different characteristics by concentrating on two case studies involving material failure (ultrasonic cutting) and acoustic cavitation (bacterial inactivation).

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3

Mulet, A., J. Benedito, J. Bon, and N. Sanjuan. "Review: Low intensity ultrasonics in food technology / Revisión: Ultrasonidos de baja intensidad en tecnología de alimentos." Food Science and Technology International 5, no. 4 (August 1999): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329900500401.

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Ultrasonic applications can be classified into low intensity or high intensity applications. The latter are used to modify a process or product with ultrasonics, while in low intensity applications the process or product modifies the ultrasonic signal, thus providing information about the product. Low inten sity ultrasonics in food technology can be used to monitor a process (liquid level, flowmeters) or to determine the quality of food products. Since ultrasonic techniques are rapid, non-destructive, easy to automate and relatively inexpensive, the number of applications is rapidly growing in this field. Ultrasonics can also be considered for use in laboratory testing devices to determine physical and chemical properties of foods. Ultrasonics has been used to determine texture, composition and physical state in liquid and solid foods. The commonly measured ultrasonic parameters are velocity, attenua tion and frequency spectrum composition. Velocity is the parameter used most since it is the simplest and most reliable measurement. This paper reviews the basic principles of ultrasonics, the most suit able techniques for each type of application, the testing devices needed to make measurements and the most interesting applications.

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4

Duck, Francis. "Langevin’s ultrasonics." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A29—A30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015432.

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Langevin’s work in ultrasonics, which resulted in about twenty publications and patents, will be reviewed. At the beginning of WWI, encouraged by Marie Curie, he started work on a directional ultrasonic system to detect submarines and for underwater communications, based on Chilowski’s proposal. Rejecting whistles, sirens and magnetic sources, he used a large mica ‘singing’ condenser for transmission, and proposed a large area carbon granule microphone as receiver. Noise problems with carbon receivers led Langevin, in early 1917, to test a single large slice of quartz, cut perpendicularly to one of its three electrical axes. This orientation differed from that used by Jacques and Pierre Curie’s quartz pi ezo- électrique, in which the stress and electrical axes are perpendicular. Later that year he demonstrated quartz as a transmitter, creating the enabling technology for later ultrasonic developments. The knowledge was freely disseminated to other Allied laboratories. After the war, Langevin gave the first ever course on theoretical and practical ultrasonics. He facilitated the technological transfer of pulse-echo technology from military to civil sectors and the establishment of a laboratory in Toulon for the certification of ultrasonic transducers. His co-workers went on to study magneto-strictive and high-frequency quartz transducers, therapeutic applications, and finite-amplitude propagation.

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Zhang, Lu, Gorkem Okudan, Alexandra-Del-Carmen Basantes-Defaz, Ryan M. Gneiting, Sankaran Subramaniam, Didem Ozevin, and Ernesto Indacochea. "Characterization of GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) Penetration Using Ultrasonics." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 17, 2020): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102307.

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Welding defects such as lack of penetration, undercutting, crater crack, burn-through and porosity can occur during manufacturing. Assessing weld quality using nondestructive evaluation methods is important for the quality assurance of welded parts. In this paper, the measurement of weld penetration, which is directly related to weld integrity, is investigated by means of ultrasonics. Both linear and nonlinear ultrasonic methods are studied to assess their sensitivities to weld penetration. Welded plates with different penetration depths controlled by changing weld heat input are manufactured using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Microscopic properties are assessed after the ultrasonic measurements are completed. Numerical models are built using the weld profile obtained from macrographs to explain the relationship between linear ultrasonic and weld penetration. A quantitative correlation between weld morphology (shape, width and depth) and the energy of linear ultrasonic signal is determined, where the increase of weld bead penetration exceeding the plate thickness results in decrease of the energy of the ultrasonic signal. Minimum detectable weld morphology using linear ultrasonics is defined depending on the selected frequency. Microhardness measurement is conducted to explain the sensitivity of nonlinear ultrasonics to both weld penetration and heterogeneity in weld. The numerical and experimental results show that the weld geometry influences the ultrasonic measurement other than the materials’ properties.

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6

Drury, J. C. "Ultrasonics Part 7. The ultrasonic beam." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 47, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.47.5.297.65051.

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7

Bourkas, G., I. Prassianakis, V. Kytopoulos, E. Sideridis, and C. Younis. "Estimation of Elastic Moduli of Particulate Composites by New Models and Comparison with Moduli Measured by Tension, Dynamic, and Ultrasonic Tests." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/891824.

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The elastic constants of particulate composites are evaluated employing a theoretical cube-within-cube formation. Two new models of four and five components, respectively, formed by geometrical combination of three-component models existing in the literature, are used as Representative Volume Elements. Using the governing stress and strain equations of the proposed models, two new equations providing the static elastic and shear moduli of particulate composites are formulated. In order to obtain the dynamic elastic and shear moduli, the correspondence principle was applied successively to components connected in series and/or in parallel. The results estimated by the proposed models were compared with values evaluated from existing formulae in the literature, as well as with values obtained by tensile, dynamic, and ultrasonic experiments in epoxy/iron particulate composites. They were found to be close to values obtained by static and dynamic measurements and enough lower compared with values obtained from ultrasonic experiments. The latter is attributed to the high frequency of ultrasonics. Since measurements from ultrasonic's and from dynamic experiments depend on the frequency, the modulus of elasticity estimated by ultrasonic's is compared with that (storage modulus) estimated by dynamic experiments.

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8

Wang, Xufeng, Xuanlin Wang, Jiyao Wang, and Zhongxi Tian. "Feasibility Study and Prospects of Rock Fragmentation Using Ultrasonic Vibration Excitation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 5868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175868.

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This paper systematically examines the feasibility of using ultrasonic vibration excitation for rock breakage and fragmentation; it focuses on the failure mechanisms of rock mass under the impact of ultrasonic waves, and the development of ultrasonic technology. Laboratory testing using a self-designed system was conducted in this paper to further validate the efficiency and reliability of rock breakage using ultrasonics. The results show that: (i) under the effects of both the high speed impact of ultrasonic vibration excitation and induced rock vibration excitation, a fracture is initiated and propagates rapidly within and outside of the rock. Under ultrasonic vibration excitation for 140 s, the compressive strength decreased by 45.6%; (ii) under the excitation of ultrasonics, the rock specimens failed completely in a short time from inside to outside, and there are distinct fissures in the internal nucleation of the rock. It is suggested that ultrasonic excitation provides a novel and promising option for rock fragmentation and breakage, which optimises the efficiency of underground hard rock engineering.

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9

Capelo, J. L. "SPECIAL ISSUE: SELECTED ABSTRACTS OF THE V INTERNATIONAL CAPARICA CONFERENCE ON ULTRASONIC-BASED APPLICATION FROM ANALYSIS TO SYNTHESIS (ULTRASONICS 2021)." Journal of Integrated OMICS 11, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5584/jiomics.v11i1.199.

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10

Zheng, Jiandong, and Xiaoguang Ren. "The effect of ultrasonic on the heat transfer of CaCO3 scaled water." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 61, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-04-2013-1251.

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Purpose – CaCO3 solution was chosen as the research environment in boiling pool heat transfer system using an automatic data collection system and scaling experiments. In this experiment, different concentrations of solution were made and ultrasonic excitation was applied under differing conditions of salt concentration and heat flux, such that the ultrasonics could reduce scale accumulation on the metal surface. The effectiveness of ultrasonics in inhabiting CaCO3 scale formation was evaluated. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Different concentration solution was made. Under the condition of different concentration and heat flux, the ultrasonic was introduced, so that it can reduce the scale accumulation on the metal surface. Ultrasonic function in inhabiting CaCO3 scale can be evaluated. Findings – The results showed that the ultrasonic not only enhanced the heat transfer rate under boiling conditions but also prevented the accumulation of the scale on the metal surface. Originality/value – The ultrasonic can enhance the heat transfer on the heater surface both in distilled water and scaled solution. In the earlier period, the heat transfer coefficient increases with the heat flux increases.

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11

Choquet, Marc, René Héon, Ghislain Vaudreuil, Jean-Pierre Monchalin, Christian Padioleau, and Ron H. Goodman. "REMOTE THICKNESS MEASUREMENT OF OIL SLICKS ON WATER BY LASER-ULTRASONICS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-531.

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ABSTRACT At the National Research Council of Canada Industrial Materials Institute, research is in progress on the application of laser-ultrasonics to remote measurement of the thickness of oil on water. Laser-ultrasonics is a novel technique developed for the nondestructive inspection of materials. It uses a short pulse laser for the generation of ultrasonic waves in the oil layer and a second laser, coupled to an optical interferometer, for the remote detection of the ultrasonic surface motion. Direct measurement of the time of flight of the ultrasonic wave provides the value of the thickness of the oil layer. Application of this technique to thickness measurement of oil on water has been studied in small and large scale laboratory tests. Small scale tests demonstrate the direct and unambiguous determination of the oil layer thickness. Accuracy is essentially limited by the knowledge of the acoustic properties of the oil. Large scale tests show that a distance of almost 37 meters does not severely impede the method, so airborne application appears possible. Surface motion such as that caused by sea waves does not reduce the accuracy of the thickness determination but does limit the measurement rate. Preliminary airborne tests with a single laser probe confirm that laser-ultrasonics monitoring of the thickness of an oil spill is feasible.

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12

Jannath, Afreen, Rajasekar Sundaram, Suganya Selvarangam, Krishnan Viswanathan, and Srinivasan Sivapragasam. "Efficacy of ultrasonics and Er,Cr:YSGG laser on root surface calculus removal: A comparative in vitro field emission scanning electron microscope study." Journal of Advanced Periodontology & Implant Dentistry 16, no. 1 (April 28, 2024): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/japid.2024.008.

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Background. Scaling and root planing (SRP) is an inevitable primary step in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Debridement carried out with manual instruments and ultrasonics results in the removal of tooth structure. Current research revolves around laser as an efficient adjunct to SRP. This study evaluated and compared the effectiveness of root surface calculus removal between ultrasonics and Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Methods. Twenty-eight single-rooted teeth extracted due to periodontal disease were selected for the study. The specimens were randomly assigned to two groups (n=14). Group I underwent ultrasonic instrumentation using a piezo ultrasonic scaler, and group II was subjected to laser instrumentation using Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Waterlase). The specimens were processed, fixed, viewed under a field emission scanning electron microscope and evaluated using the remaining calculus index (RCI) and loss of tooth substance index (LTSI). Results. Ultrasonics-treated specimens revealed more remaining calculus (1.57±0.65) and lost tooth substance (1.71±0.61) compared to the Er,Cr:YSGG laser-treated specimens, with significantly lower RCI (0.71±0.61) and LTSI (1.00±0.56). There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the efficacy of root surface calculus removal between the two groups. Conclusion. Compared to ultrasonics, Er,Cr:YSGG laser demonstrated superior results by causing precise removal of root surface calculus without significantly affecting tooth structure and aiding in new attachment.

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13

Cochran, S. "Ultrasonics Part 12. Fundamentals of ultrasonic phased arrays." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 48, no. 4 (April 2006): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2006.48.4.212.

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14

Monchalin, J. P., and J. D. Aussel. "Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation determination by laser-ultrasonics." Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 9, no. 4 (December 1990): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00565639.

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15

Walaszek, H., H. P. Lieurade, C. Peyrac, J. Hoblos, and J. Rivenez. "Potentialities of Ultrasonics for Evaluating Residual Stresses: Influence of Microstructure." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 3 (July 26, 2002): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1490931.

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The good control of residual stress level in mechanical components is an important factor, particularly for a good fatigue strength of these components. This paper presents advances obtained at the technical center for mechanical engineering industries (CETIM) in the field of development of an ultrasonic method for stress measurements. This method is potentially advantageous because it is nondestructive, has good portability, and is easy to use. In the paper are discussed the results obtained with ultrasonics on steel welded plate, and a comparison is made with stress measurement obtained by incremental hole-drilling method, and X-ray diffraction. These results are also validated by thermal relaxation of the plates. The paper discusses also the microstructure influence on ultrasonic measurements and methods for adjusting the ultrasonic measurements to improve the agreement with results obtained from other techniques. In conclusion is emphasized the interest for studying the ability of the ultrasonic residual stress measurement method in different industrial cases.

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16

NGUYEN, Chanh Nghia, Masaki Sugino, Yu Kurokawa, and Hirotsugu Inoue. "OS6-18 Evaluation of Back Surface Roughness Using Ultrasonic Scattering(Measurement Techniques using Ultrasonics (2),OS6 Ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation,MEASUREMENT METHODS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.89.

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17

Uddin, Riaz, and Ahmed M. Al-Jumaily. "Ultrasonic Levitation for Airway Humidification." Sensors 24, no. 14 (July 19, 2024): 4691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24144691.

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This study employs the transmitter part of an ultrasonic proximity sensor to generate a powerful ultrasonic field for medical humidification. This field is created using an arrangement of small ultrasonic transmitter transducers configured in an acoustic levitator-style setup. As droplets pass through this ultrasonic field, they undergo disintegration, leading to an accelerated evaporation process. The research findings highlight a significant change in droplet size distribution due to ultrasonics, resulting in a notable increase in the rate of evaporation. As a result, this study presents a conceptual framework for reimagining humidification devices for lung therapeutic purposes through the utilization of simple sensor technology.

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18

Shenoy, Vanitha, and Rithima Sokhi. "Retrieval of Separated Instrument using Ultrasonics in a Permanent Mandibular Second Molar: A Case Report." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 4, no. 1 (2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1066.

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ABSTRACT Clinicians are frequently challenged by endodontically treated teeth that have obstructions, such as hard impenetrable pastes, separated instruments, silver points or posts in their root canals. Intracanal separation of endodontic instruments may hinder cleaning and shaping procedures within the root canal system, with a potential impact on the outcome of treatment. Broken instruments usually prevent access to the apex and the prognosis of teeth with broken instruments in the canals may be lower than for normal ones. The prognosis of these cases mainly depends on the preoperative condition of the periapical tissues. For these reasons, an attempt to remove broken instruments should be undertaken in every case. Ultrasonics have often been advocated for the removal of broken instruments because the ultrasonic tips or endosonic files may be used deep in the root canal system. Furthermore, the use of an ultrasonic endodontic device is not restricted by the position of the fragment in the root canal or the tooth involved. This case report elaborates on retrieval of broken instrument lodged in the coronal third of the root canal using ultrasonics and dental operating microscope. How to cite this article Sokhi R, Sumanthini MV, Shenoy V. Retrieval of Separated Instrument using Ultrasonics in a Permanent Mandibular Second Molar: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1):41-45.

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19

Kurokawa, Yu, Masaki Sugino, and Hirotsugu Inoue. "OS6-20 2-Dimensional Back-Surface Roughness Evaluation by Ultrasonic Method(Measurement Techniques using Ultrasonics (2),OS6 Ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation,MEASUREMENT METHODS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.91.

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20

Chhabra, Naveen, and Abhishek Parolia. "Effect of Various Acid Solutions as an Aid in Removing the OrthoMTA-Based Root Canal Filling." Materials 16, no. 13 (June 23, 2023): 4535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134535.

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The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of various acid solutions combined with ultrasonics as an aid to remove mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based root canal filling and to assess their effect on the surface topography and microhardness of root canal dentin. Materials and Method: Fifty human permanent single rooted and single canaled freshly extracted teeth were decoronated and sectioned apically to prepare the middle third of root sections of 5 mm length. The canals were prepared in a step-back manner. OrthoMTA was packed throughout the prepared canals. These root sections were incubated for one week and subsequently randomly allocated to five groups (n = 10) according to the OrthoMTA removal method: No treatment (NT); 5% glycolic acid + ultrasonics (5% GA+U); 10% glycolic acid + ultrasonics (10% GA+U); 10% citric acid + ultrasonics (10% CA+U); Distilled water + ultrasonics (DW+U). A 1 mm deep well was created within the coronal end of the set OrthoMTA. Wells were filled with each respective test solution and left for 5 min. Thereafter, further removal of OrthoMTA used a specific ultrasonic tip. Finally, the canals were flushed using 1 mL of the respective test solutions and activated with a Controlled Memory ultrasonic tip for two cycles of 20 s each followed by flushing with 1 mL of distilled water and paper point drying of the canals. Then, specimens were longitudinally split into two halves and examined under a scanning electron microscope (1000×) to assess the residual OrthoMTA and surface topography of root canal dentin. The Vickers surface microhardness of treated radicular dentin was measured using the HMV-2 microhardness tester. Result: Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Significant differences for residual OrthoMTA were observed between (10% GA+U) with (5% GA+U), (10% CA+U), (DW+U) and (NT) (p value < 0.01). In the context of microhardness, (5% GA+U) and (10% GA+U) showed statistically significant difference compared to (NT), (10% CA+U) and (DW+U) (p value < 0.01). Conclusion: 10% GA+U was superior to other tested groups in removing OrthoMTA, but it substantially reduced dentin microhardness.

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21

Tanary, S., Y. M. Haddad, A. Fahr, and S. Lee. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Adhesively Bonded Joints in Graphite/Epoxy Composites Using Acousto-Ultrasonics." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 114, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929050.

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This paper is concerned with the use of the acousto-ultrasonic technique to evaluate nondestructively the mechanical performance of composite bonded joints. In this context, acousto-ultrasonic measurements followed by destructive shear tests were performed on single lap joint specimens made from graphite/epoxy adherends joined with FM 300 film adhesive. The results indicate a good correlation between acousto-ultransonic wave propagation characteristics and the shear strength of the bonded joints under different testing conditions. These correlations suggest that an estimation of the joint strength can be made by using acousto-ultrasonics provided that the measurement system is calibrated for variations of the material and geometry of the specimen.

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22

Chang, Jae-Won, Bon-Soo Koo, and Sang Jeong Lee. "Experiment of Multitudinous Ultrasonics Sensors using Sequentially Transmitting Ultrasonic Signa." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 45, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2017.45.2.124.

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23

Yamashita, Tohru, and Kaoru Furushima. "OS6-14 Noninvasive Measurement of Temperature Distribution in Tissues by Ultrasonic CT(Measurement Techniques using Ultrasonics (1),OS6 Ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation,MEASUREMENT METHODS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.85.

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24

Sundukov, Sergey. "Application of ultrasonic technologies in riveted joints manufacturing." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2022, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2022-12-33-37.

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The present state research overview on the use of ultrasonic vibrations in the riveted joints manufacturing is given. Various options for using ultrasonics for rivet deformation are viewed: the use of projectors as a deforming tool, the use of an interposed deformation element, the use of a spring-assisted base and oscillation superposition for jointed parts.

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25

Thomas, Hywel R. "Peter Neil Temple Wells CBE. 19 May 1936—22 April 2017." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 66 (February 13, 2019): 463–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2018.0022.

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Peter Wells will be remembered internationally for his many outstanding contributions in the field of medical ultrasound. He pioneered the development of non-invasive imaging techniques in the development of ultrasonics as a diagnostic and surgical tool. He was the originator and developer of instruments for ultrasonic surgery and ultrasonic power measurement, as well as the two-dimensional, articulated-arm ultrasonic general purpose scanner and the water-immersion ultrasonic breast scanner. He demonstrated ultrasonic-pulsed Doppler range-gating, and was the discoverer of the ultrasonic Doppler signal characteristic of malignant tumour neovascularization. He investigated ultrasonic bioeffects and formulated ultrasonic safety guidelines and conditions for prudent use of ultrasonic diagnosis. His outstanding and sustained achievements in the medical applications of ultrasound extend continuously from the 1960s until a few days before his death at the age of 80. Anyone who has ever benefited from an ultrasound procedure owes a debt of gratitude to Peter Wells.

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Pa, Pai Shan. "Rolling-Leveling Assistance in Ultrasonic Electrochemical Finishing of External Cylindrical Surface." Advanced Materials Research 44-46 (June 2008): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.44-46.455.

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A new tool product consists of an effective electrode and a nonconductive roller utilizing rolling-leveling assistance in ultrasonic electrochemical finishing, as a continuous surface finishing process following turning is investigated. Through a simple equipment attachment, ultrasonic electrochemical finishing and rolling-leveling can follow to execute the finishing process on the same machine. The submitted processes may be used for various turning operations. Among the factors affecting rolling-leveling combined with the ultrasonic electrochemical finishing, the performance of the design tool product is primarily discussed. In the experiment, the electrode is used with a continuous and a pulsed direct current. The experimental parameters are frequency and power level of ultrasonics, die material, electrical current rating, feed rate of tool electrode and roller, rotational speed of the workpiece, pulsed period, and tool geometry. A higher workpiece rotational speed produces a better finishing result. The design change of the tool from a semicircle to a wedge-form with small end radius brings about a reduction of the electrolytic dregs and heat more rapidly, and performs the best finishing result. The finishing effect of pulsed direct current is slightly better than using continuous direct current. The average effect of the ultrasonics is better than the pulsed current, while the machining time does not need to be prolonged by the off-time. An effective and low-cost finish process through the tool product design utilizing the rolling-leveling assistance in the ultrasonic electrochemical finishing after the turning process make the surface of the workpiece smooth and bright in a shorter period of time.

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27

Sanimani, Muhammad Nur Farhan, and Ikuo Ihara. "OS6-19 Development of Ultrasonic Method for Roughness Evaluation of Non-Gaussian Surface(Measurement Techniques using Ultrasonics (2),OS6 Ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation,MEASUREMENT METHODS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.90.

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28

Dubois, Marc, André Moreau, and Jean F. Bussière. "Ultrasonic velocity measurements during phase transformations in steels using laser ultrasonics." Journal of Applied Physics 89, no. 11 (June 2001): 6487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1363681.

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KAWASHIMA, Koichiro, Ryuzo YAMADA, Masamichi MATSUSHIMA, Mitsuyoshi UEMATSU, and Fumio FUJITA. "Ultrasonic characterization of bonded interfaces and internal damage with nonlinear ultrasonics." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2004.12 (2004): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2004.12.385.

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30

YANG, IN-YOUNG, KIL-SUNG LEE, KWANG-HEE IM, DAVID K. HSU, SUNG-JIN SONG, HYEON CHO, and JE-WOONG PARK. "ULTRASONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBON/CARBON COMPOSITES BASED ON A PEAK-DELAY MEASUREMENT METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 3745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206040301.

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In this work, a C/C composite material was nondestructively characterized and a technique was developed to measure ultrasonic velocity in C/C composites using automated data acquisition software. We have proposed a peak-delay measurement method based on the pulse overlap measurement method. Also through transmission mode was performed to compare ultrasonic velocity with the above peak-delay measurement method in an immersion tank. The variation of ultrasonic velocity was measured and found to be consistent with those in a large C/C composite. These results were compared with that obtained by dry-coupling ultrasonics. For mapping out the material property inhomogeneity, through-transmission scans were used based on both amplitude and time-of-flight of the ultrasonic pulse. A peak-delay measurement method well corresponded to the ultrasonic velocities of the pulse overlap method and through-transmission mode and C -scan image signal.

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31

Im, Kwang Hee, David K. Hsu, and Young Tae Cho. "Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Carbon/Carbon Composites." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 08n09 (April 10, 2003): 1756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203019629.

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In this work several ultrasonic techniques were applied to carbon/carbon (C/C) composites for the evaluation. In a large carbon/carbon composite manufactured by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method, the spatial variation of ultrasonic velocity was measured and found to be consistent with the densification behavior in CVI process. Low frequency through-transmission scans based on both amplitude and time-of-flight of the ultrasonic pulse were used for mapping out the material property inhomogeneity. These results were compared with that obtained by dry-coupling ultrasonics. Pulse-echo C-scans was used to image near-surface material property anomalies such as the placement of spacers between disks during CVI. Also, optical micrograph had been examined on the surface of C/C composites using a destructive way.

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Li, Ruiqing, Fang Dong, Yun Zhang, Pinghu Chen, and Xiaoqian Li. "Eutectic Phase Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Al-Cu Alloy Ingot Solidified with Ultrasonic Treatment." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031067.

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An Al-Cu alloy ingot was produced with the application of ultrasonic melt treatment. The effects of ultrasonication on the grain structure, eutectic phase, solution, and tensile properties of the alloy were analyzed. The volume and distribution of the eutectic phase were quantitatively evaluated based on stereological theory. The results are as follows: The grain-refinement efficiency at the center, 1/2 radius and edge of the ingot is 33.99%, 45.2% and 41.68%, respectively, under the action of an ultrasonic field. Ultrasonics improves the solid solubility of the Al-Cu alloy element, in which the solid solubility of Cu increases from 0.85% to 1.42%. The ultrasonic field improves the dispersion degree of the eutectic phase and reduces the volume fraction and eutectic phase number per unit volume. The mechanical properties of the Al-Cu alloy were improved by an ultrasonic field.

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33

Yamanaka, Kazushi, Hideo Cho, and Yusuke Tsukahara. "Laser Ultrasonics." Reference Collection of Annual Meeting 2000.5 (2000): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjm.2000.5.0_109.

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34

Duke, J. C., and Emmanuel P. Papadakis. "Acousto‐Ultrasonics." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, no. 4 (October 1989): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.398681.

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35

Maris, Humphrey. "Picosecond Ultrasonics." Scientific American 278, no. 1 (January 1998): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0198-86.

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36

Smith, R. L. "Ultrasonics booming." Physics in Technology 18, no. 6 (November 1987): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4624/18/6/405.

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37

Grahn, H. T., H. J. Maris, and J. Tauc. "Picosecond ultrasonics." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 25, no. 12 (1989): 2562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.40643.

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38

Malmström, Mikael, Anton Jansson, Bevis Hutchinson, Johan Lönnqvist, Lars Gillgren, Linda Bäcke, Hans Sollander, Matthias Bärwald, Sascha Hochhard, and Peter Lundin. "Laser-Ultrasound-Based Grain Size Gauge for the Hot Strip Mill." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 10048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910048.

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The paper summarizes the creation of a robust online grain size gauge for a hot strip mill. A method and algorithm for calculating the grain size from the measured ultrasonic attenuation is presented. This new method is self-calibrating, does not rely on a geometrical reference sample and can cope with the effects of diffraction on the attenuation. The model is based on 52 quenched samples measured with more than 23,000 laser ultrasonics shots and has a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.8. Typical online laser ultrasonic measurements from the hot strip mill and the calculated grain size versus length are presented for a couple of steel strips.

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Li, Chun Hui, Sin An Li, Zhi Hong Huang, and Wen Bin Xu. "Skin Thermal Effect by FE Simulation and Experiment of Laser Ultrasonics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 24-25 (June 2010): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.24-25.281.

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Laser ultrasonics opened possibilities to measure thermal and mechanical property of skin which occupies an essential position and is beneficial in industrial and medical applications. This paper focuses on the thermal effect in the thermal section of the laser ultrasonic technique. A transient thermal analysis is developed and promoted to simulate the interaction between the laser pulse and human skin, using a multilayered ﬁnite element model (FEM). Chicken leg had been used and irradiated by KrF laser, the thermal reactions were detected and recorded by a thermal camera. By comparison, the thermal result of experiments and simulation matches.

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40

Yang, In Young, Kwang Hee Im, David K. Hsu, Sun Kyu Kim, Sung Jin Soug, Hyeon Cho, Je Woong Park, and Young Nam Kim. "On Nondestructive Evaluation of Wood Materials Using Ultrasonic Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 1973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1973.

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In this work, a wood material was nondestructively characterized and a technique was developed to measure ultrasonic velocity in wood using automated data acquisition software. It is desirable to perform nondestructive evaluation (NDE) to assess material properties and absorption of wood because wood is a natural composite and often inhomogeneity. Several ultrasonic techniques were applied to wood for the evaluation of variations material properties. The variation of ultrasonic velocity was measured and found to be somewhat consistent with those in infiltrated area in the course of nature absorption. Low frequency (1MHz) through-transmission scans based on both amplitude and time-of-flight of the ultrasonic pulse were used for mapping out the material property inhomogeneity. These results were compared with those obtained by dry-coupling ultrasonics. A good correlation was found between ultrasonic velocity (a pulse overlap and peak-delay measurement method) and C-scan image signal based on peak-to-peak amplitude.

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Zhang, Fengyi, Yanjie Zhang, Tao Wang, Wei Zhang, Pengfei Gong, and Anmin Yin. "The effect of copper grain size on laser ultrasonic backscattered signal." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 084901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090768.

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Grain size has an essential influence on the serviceability of metallic materials. In this paper, a noncontact laser ultrasonic testing platform is built to study the effect of copper grain size on the laser ultrasonic backscattered signal. According to the correlation between grain size and ultrasonic wavelength, the ultrasonic scattering by copper grains in the experiment contains not only Rayleigh scattering but also the transition region from Rayleigh scattering to stochastic scattering. Using time–frequency analysis, the influence of copper grain size on the characteristic parameters of backscattering was explored, and a prediction model of grain size was established, which was compared with the prediction model based on the attenuation method to verify the accuracy of the backscattering model. The results show that the backscattered signal can adequately characterize the grain size information and laser ultrasonics is a method that can realize on-line detection of grain size.

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Choudhary, Ekta, Shrutika Goel, and Farheen Khan. "Endodontic Ultrasonic Tips: A Review." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 22 (October 30, 2023): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i223721.

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This review highlights the endodontic ultrasonic tips. Ultrasounds (US) were discovered within the 18th century thanks to their employment within the kingdom Animalia. Richman was the primary to supply this approach to endodontics in 1957. Endodontics now uses ultrasound to irrigate root canals, remove posts, damaged tools, and other obstacles from the foundation canal, distribute sealant across the root canal walls, condense gutta-percha root fillings, and improve dentin permeability during bleaching. Ultrasonics have progressed from primary instrumentation to a passive ultrasonic cleaning approach in root canals. Modern ultrasonic units must be capable of high power and precision cutting, further because of the ability to manage not only the frequency but also the amplitude of the vibrations. Ultrasonic tip designs range from basic curves to multiangled bends and are available in varying form of shapes and sizes. Over the previous 65 years, the evolution of ultrasound in dentistry has been examined.

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Smagowska, Bożena. "Ultrasonic Noise Sources in a Work Environment." Archives of Acoustics 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoa-2013-0019.

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Abstract The use of ultrasonic energy has created versatile possibilities of their applications in many areas of life, especially in hydro location and underwater telecommunications, industry and medicine. The consequence of a widespread use of high intensity ultrasonics in technology is the increased number of people who are exposed to such ultrasonic noise. Therefore it is important to determine the types of machines and other devices that are responsible for the emission of ultrasonic noise (10-40 kHz of central frequencies of one-third octave bands) as harmful and annoying hazard in the work environment. This paper presents ultrasonic noise sources frequently used in industry and preventive measures reducing the exposure to ultrasonic noise. Two types of ultrasonic noise sources have been distinguished: machines and other devices used to carry out or improve production processes, the so-called technological sources and sources in which ultrasonic noise exists as a non-intentional result of operation of many machines and systems, the so-called non-technological sources of ultrasonic noise. The emission of SPL has been determined for each groups of devices based on own measurement results.

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Zhang, Lu, Sepideh Oskoe, Hongyu Li, and Didem Ozevin. "Combined Damage Index to Detect Plastic Deformation in Metals Using Acoustic Emission and Nonlinear Ultrasonics." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112151.

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Understanding the amount of degradation using nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods provides an effective way of determining the fitness to service and the residual life of structural components. Due to uncertainties introduced by the single NDE method, a combined damage index using multi-sensor data increases the reliability of damage assessment. In this paper, the outputs of three NDE methods including acoustic emission (AE), linear ultrasonics (LUT), and nonlinear ultrasonics (NLUT) are merged to identify the amount of plastic deformation in aluminum 1100. The sensitivities of individual and combined methods to microstructural changes are evaluated. The coupon samples are loaded up to different strain levels and then unloaded. AE data is recorded in real time and ultrasonic data is recorded from the unloaded samples. The major features combined in the damage index are cumulative AE absolute energy and nonlinear coefficient. The microstructural state is verified with microscopic analysis and hardness testing. The developed damage index can nondestructively assess the amount of plastic deformation with higher reliability.

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Boutboul, Gérard, Jean-Luc Cohen, and Guy Bouloudnine. "Ultrasonic Lipoplasty: Physical Basis, Adipolytic Effect, Cadaver Research, and Clinical Studies." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 14, no. 3 (September 1997): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689701400309.

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Liposuction has developed into one of the most popular of the cosmetic surgical procedures. Addition of ultrasonic lypolysis has improved the ease and efficiency of liposuction and results in less edema and bruising. The authors have tested commercially available appliances and researched this process in association with a protocol established by the French Society of Lipoplasty. The physical basis of ultrasonics, the effects on various tissues through cadaver experiments, and the results of clinical studies are presented.

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Bouhadjera, Abdelmalek. "ULTRASONICS: An improved design of an ultrasonic apparatus for characterising material samples." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 46, no. 9 (September 2004): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.46.9.554.40842.

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47

Lamouche, Guy, Stéphane Bolognini, and Silvio E. Kruger. "Influence of steel heat treatment on ultrasonic absorption measured by laser ultrasonics." Materials Science and Engineering: A 370, no. 1-2 (April 2004): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.07.019.

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48

Graybeal, B. A., R. A. Walther, and G. A. Washer. "Ultrasonic Inspection of Bridge Hanger Pins." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1697, no. 1 (January 2000): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1697-04.

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Ultrasonic inspection is currently one of the most common and reliable methods used in the inspection of hanger pins in pin-and-hanger bridge structures. Recently, a pin-and-hanger connection on a heavily traveled truck route in the Midwest showed visual indications of being deficient. Field contact ultrasonic inspections were performed on the remaining pin connections. The field inspections indicated that a number of the pins contained cracks or significant wear grooves at the pin shear planes, or both. These pins were replaced and sent to the FHWA’s Nondestructive Evaluation Validation Center for further testing in an ultrasonic immersion tank. The results of the contact and immersion tank ultrasonic studies were nearly identical. Both methods found two pins that contained transverse cracks at the level of a shear plane, with one of these cracks encompassing a majority of the pin cross section. Clearly, for the conditions found in the study, field contact ultrasonics can accurately locate defects in hanger pins.

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49

Every, A. G. "Ultrasonics – 50 Years of service to the ultrasonics community." Ultrasonics 53, no. 8 (December 2013): 1395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2013.07.003.

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50

Pan, Yi, Wuchao Wang, Kang Gong, Christopher J. Hurren, and Qing Li. "Ultrasonic scouring as a pretreatment of wool and its application in low-temperature dyeing." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 10 (June 22, 2018): 1975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518783348.

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Ultrasonic technology has shown the potential to reduce the cost and environmental impact of textile wet processing. This work investigates the effects of ultrasonic irradiation as a pretreatment on wool and its application in low-temperature dyeing. A significant increase in dye uptake and color strength was observed on the fabric ultrasonically pretreated at 40 kHz, followed by that at 80 kHz and the conventionally treated sample, in both acid dyeing and reactive dyeing. This could be due to the changes of the fiber surface structure and modification of the chemical structure in the cell membrane complex as a result of ultrasonic pretreatment. In acid dyeing, a 20% increase in dye uptake was achieved at 70℃ upon applying ultrasonic pretreatment at 40 kHz. With the assistance of a leveling agent, 80% dye uptake of the fabric treated with ultrasonics at 40 kHz was measured at 70℃ in reactive dyeing. Ultrasonic pretreatment can be applied in raw wool scouring and fabric scouring to achieve an efficient dye uptake, and these are also discussed in this paper.

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