Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ultrasonics in obstetrics Moral and ethical aspects

Academic literature on the topic 'Ultrasonics in obstetrics Moral and ethical aspects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ultrasonics in obstetrics Moral and ethical aspects"

1

Kudela, Milan, Radovan Pilka, Petr Dzvinčuk, Radim Marek, and Olga Klementová. "Bloodless surgery and gynecological patients among Jehovah’s Witnesses." Česká gynekologie 86, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/cccg2021110.

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Overview Objective: The aim of this research is to present our experiences with the surgical treatment of gynecological patients among Jehovah’s Witnesses. Moreover, the medical, moral, and ethical problems in this regard have been highlighted. Methods: 75 Jehovah’s Witnesses patients were operated on for various benign and malignant gynecological diseases between 2007 and 2018. All of these patients were operated on according to the rules of blood-sparing surgery. Results: The operations were assessed according to the dia­gnosis, mode of surgery, estimated blood loss, and disease outcome. Excessive blood loss did not occur during any of these operations, and the estimated blood loss for the same procedure was 10 to 550 mL. Conclusion: Jehovah’s Witnesses gynecological patients is a group of high-risk patients because they refuse to undergo blood transfusion. Nevertheless, the principles of blood-sparing surgery should be applied to not only Jehovah’s Witnesses patients but also to all patients in general. Even if a blood transfusion is the last resort to solve issues pertaining to excessive blood loss during complicated operations, the said procedure always carries certain risks. Therefore, blood transfusion should be performed only on rare occasions. Jehovah’s Witnesses patients categorically refuse blood transfusion even if it is the only way to save one’s life. Even though the legislation of the Czech Republic deals with this problem, there are other moral and ethical aspects that need to be addressed in this regard. Keywords: bloodless surgery – Gynecologic surgery – Jehovah’s Witnesses – legislation – moral and ethical problems
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2

Pereira Daoud, Ana M., Mina Popovic, Wybo J. Dondorp, Marc Trani Bustos, Annelien L. Bredenoord, Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes, Susanne C. van den Brink, Bernard A. J. Roelen, Guido M. W. R. de Wert, and Björn Heindryckx. "Modelling human embryogenesis: embryo-like structures spark ethical and policy debate." Human Reproduction Update 26, no. 6 (July 26, 2020): 779–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmaa027.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Studying the human peri-implantation period remains hindered by the limited accessibility of the in vivo environment and scarcity of research material. As such, continuing efforts have been directed towards developing embryo-like structures (ELS) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that recapitulate aspects of embryogenesis in vitro. While the creation of such models offers immense potential for studying fundamental processes in both pre- and early post-implantation development, it also proves ethically contentious due to wide-ranging views on the moral and legal reverence due to human embryos. Lack of clarity on how to qualify and regulate research with ELS thus presents a challenge in that it may either limit this new field of research without valid grounds or allow it to develop without policies that reflect justified ethical concerns. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing scientific approaches to generate ELS from mouse and human PSCs, as well as discuss future strategies towards innovation in the context of human development. Concurrently, we aim to set the agenda for the ethical and policy issues surrounding research on human ELS. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database was used to search peer-reviewed articles and reviews using the following terms: ‘stem cells’, ‘pluripotency’, ‘implantation’, ‘preimplantation’, ‘post-implantation’, ‘blastocyst’, ‘embryoid bodies’, ‘synthetic embryos’, ‘embryo models’, ‘self-assembly’, ‘human embryo-like structures’, ‘artificial embryos’ in combination with other keywords related to the subject area. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were also used to systematically search publications on the ethics of ELS and human embryo research by using the aforementioned keywords in combination with ‘ethics’, ‘law’, ‘regulation’ and equivalent terms. All relevant publications until December 2019 were critically evaluated and discussed. OUTCOMES In vitro systems provide a promising way forward for uncovering early human development. Current platforms utilize PSCs in both two- and three-dimensional settings to mimic various early developmental stages, including epiblast, trophoblast and amniotic cavity formation, in addition to axis development and gastrulation. Nevertheless, much hinges on the term ‘embryo-like’. Extension of traditional embryo frameworks to research with ELS reveals that (i) current embryo definitions require reconsideration, (ii) cellular convertibility challenges the attribution of moral standing on the basis of ‘active potentiality’ and (iii) meaningful application of embryo protective directives will require rethinking of the 14-day culture limit and moral weight attributed to (non-)viability. Many conceptual and normative (dis)similarities between ELS and embryos thus remain to be thoroughly elucidated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Modelling embryogenesis holds vast potential for both human developmental biology and understanding various etiologies associated with infertility. To date, ELS have been shown to recapitulate several aspects of peri-implantation development, but critically, cannot develop into a fetus. Yet, concurrent to scientific innovation, considering the extent to which the use of ELS may raise moral concerns typical of human embryo research remains paramount. This will be crucial for harnessing the potential of ELS as a valuable research tool, whilst remaining within a robust moral and legal framework of professionally acceptable practices.
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3

den Boer, Maria C., Mirjam Houtlosser, Henriëtte Anje van Zanten, Elizabeth E. Foglia, Dirk P. Engberts, and Arjan B. te Pas. "Ethical dilemmas of recording and reviewing neonatal resuscitation." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 103, no. 3 (January 20, 2018): F280—F284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314191.

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Neonatal resuscitation is provided to approximately 3% of neonates. Adequate ventilation is often the key to successful resuscitation, but this can be difficult to provide. There is increasing evidence that inappropriate respiratory support can have severe consequences. Several neonatal intensive care units have recorded and reviewed neonatal resuscitation procedures for quality assessment, education and research; however, ethical dilemmas sometimes make it difficult to implement this review process. We reviewed the literature on the development of recording and reviewing neonatal resuscitation and have summarised the ethical concerns involved. Recording and reviewing vital physiological parameters and video imaging of neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room is a valuable tool for quality assurance, education and research. Furthermore, it can improve the quality of neonatal resuscitation provided. We observed that ethical dilemmas arise as the review process is operating in several domains of healthcare that all have their specific moral framework with requirements and conditions on issues such as consent, privacy and data storage. These moral requirements and conditions vary due to local circumstances. Further research on the ethical aspects of recording and reviewing is desirable before wider implementation of this technique can be recommended.
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Iqbal, Shazia, Khalid Akkour, Bushra Bano, Ghaiath Hussain, Manal Khalid Kamal Ali Elhelow, Atheer Mansour Al-Mutairi, and Balqees Sami Khaza'l Aljasim. "Awareness about Vulvovaginal Aesthetics Procedures among Medical Students and Health Professionals in Saudi Arabia." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 43, no. 03 (March 2021): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725050.

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Abstract Objective The present study aimed to explore the opinion and ethical consideration of vulvovaginal aesthetics procedures (VVAPs) among health professionals and medical students in Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study performed between January 2020 and April 2020. Data was collected through electronic media, WhatsApp, and emails. The results were analyzed by applying the Students t-test, and correlations were considered significant if they presented a p-value < 0.05. Results There is significant demand to educate doctors, health professionals, medical students, and gynecologists for the VVAPs to have a solid foundation, justified indications, and knowledge about various aesthetic options. Although female doctors, medical students, young doctors, and gynecologists have more knowledge about VVAPs, all health professionals ought to be aware of recent trends in vulvovaginal aesthetics (VVA). The present analysis determined that VVA should be under the domain of gynecologists, rather than under that of plastic surgeons, general surgeons, and cosmetologists. The majority of the participants considered that vaginal rejuvenation, “G-spot” augmentation, clitoral surgery, and hymenoplasty are not justifiable on medical grounds. Conclusion The decision to opt for different techniques for vaginal tightening and revitalization should be taken very carefully, utilizing the shared decision-making approach. Ethical aspects and moral considerations are important key factors before embarking in the VVAPs purely for cosmetic reasons. Further research is required to determine the sexual, psychological, and body image outcomes for women who underwent elective VVAPs. Moreover, medical educators must consider VVAPs as part of the undergraduate and postgraduate medical curriculum.
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5

Hughes, Tara, Timothy Bracewell-Milnes, Srdjan Saso, Benjamin P. Jones, Paula A. Almeida, Katherine Maclaren, Julian Norman-Taylor, Mark Johnson, and Dimitrios Nikolaou. "A review on the motivations, decision-making factors, attitudes and experiences of couples using pre-implantation genetic testing for inherited conditions." Human Reproduction Update 27, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 944–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmab013.

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Abstract BACKGROUND In pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT), fertile couples undergo IVF with genetic testing of embryos to avoid conceptions with a genetic condition. There is an exponentially increasing uptake with over 600 applications listed by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in the UK. The psychological aspects of the decision-making process and the experience of PGT, however, are relatively underevaluated, with the potential to leave patients unsupported in their journeys. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In this review, we aim to comprehensively report on every aspect of couples’ experiences of PGT. We consider what motivates users, the practical and ethical decisions involved and how couples navigate the decision-making process. Additionally, we report on the social and psychological impact on couples who are actively undergoing or have completed the PGT process. SEARCH METHODS A systematic search of English peer-reviewed journals of three computerized databases was undertaken following PRISMA guidelines. Studies that examined the motivations, attitudes, decision-making factors and experiences of patients who have been actively engaged in the PGT process were included. No restrictions were placed on study design or date of publication. Studies examining patients using PGT in a hypothetical context or solely using PGT for aneuploidy were excluded. Qualitative data were extracted using thematic analysis. OUTCOMES The main outcomes were patient motivations, deciding factors and attitudes, as well as the patient experience of coming to a decision and going through PGT. Patients were primarily motivated by the desire to have a healthy child and to avoid termination of pregnancy. Those with a sick child or previous experience of termination were more likely to use PGT. Patients also felt compelled to make use of the technology available, either from a moral responsibility to do so or to avoid feelings of guilt if not. The main factors considered when deciding to use PGT were the need for IVF and the acceptability of the technology, the financial cost of the procedure and one’s ethical standpoint on the creation and manipulation of embryos. There was a general consensus that PGT should be applied to lethal or severe childhood disease but less agreement on use for adult onset or variable expression conditions. There was an agreement that it should not be used to select for aesthetic traits and a frustration with the views of PGT in society. We report that couples find it difficult to consider all of the benefits and costs of PGT, resulting in ambivalence and prolonged indecision. After deciding on PGT use, we found that patients find the process extremely impractical and psychologically demanding. WIDER IMPLICATIONS This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on how patients decide to use and experience PGT and to make suggestions to incorporate the findings into clinical practice. We cannot stress enough the importance of holistic evaluation of patients and thorough counselling prior to and during PGT use from a multidisciplinary team that includes geneticists, IVF clinicians, psychologists and also patient support groups. Large prospective studies using a validated psychological tool at various stages of the PGT process would provide an invaluable database for professionals to better aid patients in their decision-making and to improve the patient experience.
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Books on the topic "Ultrasonics in obstetrics Moral and ethical aspects"

1

A, Chervenak Frank, Kurjak Asim, and Papp Z, eds. The fetus as a patient: The evolving challenge. Boca Raton [Fla.]: Parthenon Pub. Group, 2002.

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Grabczak, Zuzana. Problematyka etyczna patologii ciąży: Studium w świetle współczesnego nauczania Kościoła. Lublin: Tow. Nauk. Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2005.

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A, Chervenak Frank, ed. Ethics in obstetrics and gynecology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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Betta, Emmanuel. Animare la vita: Disciplina della nascita tra medicina e morale nell'Ottocento. Bologna: Il mulino, 2006.

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1907-, Bernard Jean, Kajikawa Kinʼichirō 1918-, and Fujiki Norio 1928-, eds. Human dignity and medicine: Proceedings of the Fukui Bioethics Seminar held in Fukui, Japan, 10-12 April 1987. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1988.

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International Bioethics Seminar (7th 2000 Fukui-shi, Japan). Bioethics and the impact of genomics in the 21st century: Pharmacogenomics, DNA polymorphism and medical genetics services = 21-seiki ni muketa atarashii genomikkusu no j̄idai no rinri : DNA takei to iden igaku sābisu o megutte : proceedings of the seventh International Bioethics Seminar in Fukui. Edited by Fujiki Norio 1928-, Macer, Darryl R. J. 1962-, Sudo Masakatu 1938-, and Eubios Ethics Institute. Christchurch, New Zealand: Eubios Ethics Institute, 2001.

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Leeds), International Conference on Philosophical Ethics in Reproductive Medicine (1st 1988 University of. Philosophical ethics in reproductive medicine: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Philosophical Ethics in Reproductive Medicine, University of Leeds, 18th-22nd April 1988. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990.

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1945-, Bromham David R., Dalton Maureen E. 1951-, and Jackson Jennifer C. 1939-, eds. Philosophical ethics in reproductive medicine: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Philosophical Ethics in Reproductive Medicine, University of Leeds, 18th-22nd April 1988. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989.

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P, Belfort, Pinotti José Aristodemo 1934-, and Eskes, T. K. A. B., eds. Maternal physiology and pathology. Carnforth, Lancs, UK: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1989.

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R, Newton Edward, ed. Complications of gynecologic and obstetric management. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1988.

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