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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultrasonic tracking'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Herzer, R., O. Frick, C. P. Keferstein, and W. Arnold. "Self‐tracking ultrasonic inspection." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 22, no. 1 (February 1995): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004176.

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2

Tsay, T. I. James, and M. K. Lee. "Binocular tracking with ultrasonic sensors." International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology 36, no. 2 (2009): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2009.027862.

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3

Mahajan, Ajay, and Fernando Figueroa. "Intelligent seam tracking using ultrasonic sensors for robotic welding." Robotica 15, no. 3 (May 1997): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574797000313.

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This paper presents a novel approach for seam tracking using ultrasonics. An ultrasonic seam tracking system has been developed for robotic welding which tracks a seam that curves freely on a two-dimensional surface. The seam is detected by scanning the area ahead of the torch and monitoring the amplitude of the waves received after reflection from the workpiece surface. Scanning is accomplished by using two ultrasonic sensors (a transmitter and a receiver) mounted on a stepper motor such that the transmitter angle is the same as the receiver angle. The motor is mounted on the end-effector just ahead of the welding torch and covers a ninety degree arc in front of the torch. If there is no seam then the receiver receives most of the transmitted waves after reflection, but if there is a seam then most of the transmitted waves are dispersed in directions other than that of the receiver. The system has been tested and is very robust in the harsh environments generated by the arc welding process. The robustness of the system stems from using various schemes such as time windowing, a waveguide, air and metal shields, and an intelligent sensor manager. This ultrasonic system offers some distinct advantages over traditional systems using vision and other sensing techniques. It can be used to weld very shiny surfaces, and is a very economical method in terms of cost as well as computational intensity. The system can be used to detect seams less than 0.5 mm wide and 0.5 mm deep.

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4

Zhang, Hong Jie, Fu Jun Wang, Y. Y. Hou, and D. W. Zhang. "Driver Design of the Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer for Wire Bonding Based on Direct Digital Synthesis Technology." Materials Science Forum 697-698 (September 2011): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.697-698.809.

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In order to design a driver of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer which can provide high quality ultrasonic signal and be able to realize the frequency tracking rapidly, accurately and intelligently during the bonding process, the ATmega128 microcontroller and AD9851 synthesizer are selected as core components to build an ultrasonic generator and frequency tracking system. The basic circuit units including low pass filter, power amplifier, signal detection and conversion circuits are also established. The test results of the system shows that, based on DDS technology, high quality ultrasonic signal for transducer can be achieved. By combining the two kinds of frequency tracking methods, the system can realize the frequency tracking during the bonding process. It also indicates that the design significantly improve the precision and flexibility of the ultrasonic generator system.

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5

Kobayashi, K., H. Yamada, and K. Matsushige. "Resonance tracking ultrasonic atomic force microscopy." Surface and Interface Analysis 33, no. 2 (2002): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.1168.

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6

Lawu, Tjundewo, and Mitsuhiro Ueda. "Simulation of Ultrasonic Displacement in Random Medium Using Ultrasonic Speckle Tracking." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 39, Part 1, No. 5B (May 30, 2000): 3220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.39.3220.

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7

Yin, Hao, and Hua Feng Li. "Design and Implement of Intelligent Monitoring System Driven by Ultrasonic Motor." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 2199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.2199.

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A visual tracking system based on ultrasonic motors is designed in view of shortcoming of traditional video surveillance system, which has a large volume, complicated structure. The pan-tilt can rotate in horizontal and vertical directions by using two ultrasonic motors served as the driving units. The image from video camera is processed and the target is identified and real-time tracked by rotating the pan-tilt which is controlled by ultrasonic motor. Compared with electromagnetic motor, the ultrasonic motor has advantages of high torque at low speed, quick response, high precision and self-locked, which makes the structure simpler and control more convenient. Experimental results show that the system can be stably tracking the selected target with fast response speed and relatively high tracking accuracy.

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8

Yao, Zhen, Zhong Ning Guo, and Yong Jun Zhang. "A New Design of Ultrasonic Power Based on ARM." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.671.

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An ultrasonic power for rotary machining is introduced based on ARM. Its frequency tracking principle is analyzed. The improved accurate frequency tracking method using a phase lock loops (PLL) is presented. The control circuit based on ARM is designed and the presentation of system program flow chart is given. The experimental result proved that the ultrasonic power system can realize quick and accurate frequency tracking. Ihe power can work well with constant amplitude control.

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9

Li, Chang You, Ming Ming Jia, and Wen Hua Wang. "Frequency Conversion Type Ultrasonic Power Based on DSP Control Technology Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 442 (October 2013): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.442.349.

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The introduction of the direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) technology in the field of communication is against the traditional ultrasonic machining power supply which does not have the multi-frequency tracking shortcomings to build a frequency conversion type ultrasonic power. Frequency conversion type ultrasonic power supply is based on DSP embedded system and adopts direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) technology combined with a software phase locked frequency of composite frequency tracking scheme to realize automatic search transducer resonance frequency and frequency automatic tracking function which can response the different characteristics of the transducer dynamical; With the use of phase shift control power-principle to realize the output power regulating function when the frequency changes and reduce the switching power loss; It provides an important reference for the design of new frequency conversion type ultrasonic power.

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10

ITO, Toshio, Tetsuya SATO, Kan TULATHIMUTTE, Masanori SUGIMOTO, and Hiromichi HASHIZUME. "A Scalable Tracking System Using Ultrasonic Communication." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E92-A, no. 6 (2009): 1408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e92.a.1408.

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11

Kim, Kang-Wook, Jihye Kwon, Chang-Gun Lee, and Junghee Han. "Accurate Indoor Location Tracking Exploiting Ultrasonic Reflections." IEEE Sensors Journal 16, no. 24 (December 15, 2016): 9075–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2016.2617398.

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12

Yarn, Kao Feng, King Kung Wu, Kai Hsing Ma, and Wen Chung Chang. "Automatic Frequency-Tracking Control for Ultrasound Welding System." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 2041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.2041.

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A new frequency-tracking control method to catch the optimal working frequency for the high power ultrasonic welding system is proposed. In a high power ultrasonic resonant system, the induced high temperature will change the working frequency. Therefore, the proposed control method to track the optimal working frequency becomes very attractive and important. This control method is practically implemented by a FPGA chip which basically includes two logic circuits. One logic circuit is to find the optimal working frequency automatically and the other one is to adjust the working frequency by detecting the working current simultaneously. Experimental results exhibit the new method can effectively control and track frequency for high power ultrasonic welding system.

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13

Li, Pai-Chi, and Wei-Ning Lee. "An Efficient Speckle Tracking Algorithm for Ultrasonic Imaging." Ultrasonic Imaging 24, no. 4 (October 2002): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173460202400402.

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An efficient speckle tracking algorithm is proposed for motion estimation in ultrasonic imaging. Speckle tracking involves a matching process and a searching process. The matching process of the proposed algorithm is based on a Block Sum Pyramid algorithm that significantly reduces the computational complexity while maintaining the same accuracy as the conventional sum of absolute difference approach. The searching process, on the other hand, is based on a multilevel search strategy rather than the full-search strategy used by most conventional tracking methods. Both simulated speckle images and clinical breast images were used to test the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the computation efficiency is improved by up to a factor of five over the conventional approach. The improved efficiency enables real-time or near-real-time implementation of motion estimation in ultrasonic imaging, which is particularly beneficial in areas such as blood flow estimation, elasticity imaging, speckle image registration, and strain compounding.

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14

Shi, Weijia, Hui Zhao, Bo Zhao, Xue Qi, Weishan Chen, and Jiubin Tan. "Extended optimum frequency tracking scheme for ultrasonic motor." Ultrasonics 90 (November 2018): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2018.06.003.

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15

Sabatini, A. M. "Adaptive target tracking algorithms for airborne ultrasonic rangefinders." IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation 142, no. 2 (1995): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-rsn:19951792.

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16

Lawu, Tjundewo, and Mitsuhiro Ueda. "Simulation of tissue displacement using ultrasonic speckle tracking." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, no. 5 (November 2000): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4743452.

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17

Shi, Weijia, Hui Zhao, Jie Ma, and Yu Yao. "An Optimum-Frequency Tracking Scheme for Ultrasonic Motor." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, no. 6 (June 2017): 4413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2017.2674612.

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18

ZHANG, Ruifeng, Lele ZHANG, and Nengbing LONG. "Ultrasonic Online Tracking of Reaction-Induced Phase Separation." Acta Polymerica Sinica 009, no. 3 (April 7, 2009): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1105.2009.00195.

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19

Chen, Eric J., W. Kenneth Jenkins, and William D. O’Brien. "Performance of ultrasonic speckle tracking in various tissues." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 98, no. 3 (September 1995): 1273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414453.

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20

Maqueira, B., C. I. Umeagukwu, and J. Jarzynski. "Application of ultrasonic sensors to robotic seam tracking." IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 5, no. 3 (June 1989): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/70.34769.

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21

Zhang, Wen Jie. "Welding Seam Turbulent Tracking Technique for Spiral Welded Pipe Ultrasonic Flaw Detection." Advanced Engineering Forum 2-3 (December 2011): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.531.

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In the process of spiral submerged-arc welding automatic flaw detection, the weld edge reflection echo is very close to the back edge of the detection gate (generally around 3Ls, is equal to steel transversal wave approximately 4.5mm); therefore once the detector approaches the welding seam, the edge refection echo will enter in the gate, which causes the false alarming. In the past, the mechanical cam tracking, approaching switches tracking and photograph tracking methods were applied, but the mechanical cam tracking and the approaching switches tracking method have low precision, the result is not good. Although photograph tracking method has high measure precision, because of the light scattering of the water flow on the surface of the steel pipe, which will affect the precision. Both photograph tracking and stepping motor-driven methods is commonly used national wide, the effect is not good. Base on the above situation, the electromagnetic welding seam tracking and servo control electromechanical system with functions of electromagnetic tracking and servo control is developed.

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22

Zhu, Wu, Chao Jiang, Jia Min Zhu, Yong Wang, and Jia Min Zhang. "Development of Handheld Ultrasonic Spot Welding Machines." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1723.

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As the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic vibration system drifts according to the different operating condition, Ultrasonic power supply based on MSP430 is designed in this thesis. Series inductance and parallel capacitance are used to match the vibration system and series resonance technology used in primary side of inverter transformer can reduce switch loss. ADC module in MSP430 is used to get frequency shift, and PWM module is made to adjust the operating frequency of TL494, which can realize closed loop control of frequency tracking. The results of experiments show that the method designed in this thesis has high detection accuracy, high speed dynamic response and high stability of frequency tracking.

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23

Jahren, Silje Ekroll, Niels Aakvaag, Frode Strisland, Andreas Vogl, Alessandro Liberale, and Anders E. Liverud. "Towards Human Motion Tracking Enhanced by Semi-Continuous Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Measurements." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072259.

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Human motion analysis is a valuable tool for assessing disease progression in persons with conditions such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease. Human motion tracking is also used extensively for sporting technique and performance analysis as well as for work life ergonomics evaluations. Wearable inertial sensors (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes and/or magnetometers) are frequently employed because they are easy to mount and can be used in real life, out-of-the-lab-settings, as opposed to video-based lab setups. These distributed sensors cannot, however, measure relative distances between sensors, and are also cumbersome when it comes to calibration and drift compensation. In this study, we tested an ultrasonic time-of-flight sensor for measuring relative limb-to-limb distance, and we developed a combined inertial sensor and ultrasonic time-of-flight wearable measurement system. The aim was to investigate if ultrasonic time-of-flight sensors can supplement inertial sensor-based motion tracking by providing relative distances between inertial sensor modules. We found that the ultrasonic time-of-flight measurements reflected expected walking motion patterns. The stride length estimates derived from ultrasonic time-of-flight measurements corresponded well with estimates from validated inertial sensors, indicating that the inclusion of ultrasonic time-of-flight measurements could be a feasible approach for improving inertial sensor-only systems. Our prototype was able to measure both inertial and time-of-flight measurements simultaneously and continuously, but more work is necessary to merge the complementary approaches to provide more accurate and more detailed human motion tracking.

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24

Li, Chang You, Xiao Qian Wu, and Ming Ming Jia. "Research on the Compound Frequency Tracking Mode of Ultrasonic Power Based on DSP." Advanced Materials Research 1027 (October 2014): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1027.257.

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Aiming at the problem that the tracking frequency range of ultrasonic power is fixed, and the accuracy of tacking frequency is low, the tactics of digital phase-locked loop frequency tracking technology combined with changing step searching circuit peak is proposed. The frequency tracking is achieved by combining the advantages of digital phase-locked loop frequency tracking technology with changing step searching circuit peak, building the digital phase detector circuit and current effective value converter circuit, taking the feedback of sampling the phase and circuit peak as basic of frequency tracking. Build the simulating model in Multisim. The experiment results show that composite frequency tracking strategy can effectively achieve frequency tracking and dynamically lock transducer multi-modal resonance.

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25

Vanlanduit, Steve, Patrick Guillaume, Jimmy Vermeulen, and Kristof Harri. "Tracking of Cracks in Airplane Components Using Nonlinear Surface Wave Propagation Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 293-294 (September 2005): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.293-294.549.

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Ultrasonic surface waves provide a sensitive means to detect cracks in airplane structures. Until now several obstacles remained to use ultrasonic surface waves for on-line damage detection (i.e. in-flight). In this article a method will be proposed to detect a growing fatigue crack while the aircraft is operating. In contrast to classical ultrasonic measurement methods, that use a high voltage pulse, we applied an optimized multi-sine excitation signal with an amplitude of a few volts only (this agrees better with the applicable safety regulations for aircraft). Furthermore, an indicator quantifying the nonlinearity of the ultrasonic surface wave propagation is used. By using a nonlinearity index the influence of changing operation conditions that can be observed with most linear methods is eliminated. The proposed method is validated on a steel beam that is fatigue loaded with a force signal obtained from in-flight data.

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26

He, Jian, Lian Cheng Zhu, and Ke Cheng Wang. "Application of Image Processing Technology in Welds Ultrasonic Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1519.

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In order to ensure the real-time tracking of weld ultrasonic testing, applied CCD weld image sensor image, through image processing technology, used homomorphic filtering, two value methods to pre-process the image acquisition, extracted image feature information used region growing and linear regression method, and thus determined the edge weld, after A/D conversion, got feedback of the voltage signal position deviation amount, controlled servo motor drive the bracket to move, ensured effective tracking ultrasonic tester. Through simulation, verified the accuracy and feasibility of the image processing algorithm,which got ideal effectused in the practical application.

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27

Han, Youngjoon, Moonyong Han, Hyungtae Cha, Mincheol Hong, and Hernsoo Hahn. "Tracking of a moving object using ultrasonic sensors based on a virtual ultrasonic image." Robotics and Autonomous Systems 36, no. 1 (July 2001): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8890(01)00126-9.

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28

Ashhar, Karalikkadan, Mohammad Khyam, Cheong Soh, and Keng Kong. "A Doppler-Tolerant Ultrasonic Multiple Access Localization System for Human Gait Analysis." Sensors 18, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 2447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082447.

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Ranging based on ultrasonic sensors can be used for tracking wearable mobile nodes accurately for a long duration and can be a cost-effective method for human movement analysis in rehabilitation clinics. In this paper, we present a Doppler-tolerant ultrasonic multiple access localization system to analyze gait parameters in human subjects. We employ multiple access methods using linear chirp wave-forms and narrow-band piezoelectric transducers. A Doppler shift compensation Technique is also incorporated without compromising on the tracking accuracy. The system developed was used for tracking the trajectory of both lower limbs of five healthy adults during a treadmill walk. An optical motion capture system was used as the reference to compare the performance. The average Root Mean Square Error values between the 3D coordinates estimated from the proposed system and the reference system while tracking both lower limbs during treadmill walk experiment by 5 subjects were found to be 16.75, 14.68 and 20.20 mm respectively along X, Y and Z-directions. Errors in the estimation of spatial and temporal parameters from the proposed system were also quantified. These promising results show that narrowband ultrasonic sensors can be utilized to accurately track more than one mobile node for human gait analysis.

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29

Zuev, Andrey S., and Dmitriy V. Faichuk. "Ultrasonic software-hardware complex for tracking public transport passengers." Russian Technological Journal 7, no. 6 (January 10, 2020): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2019-7-6-25-43.

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The article provides the description of an on-board no-touch software-hardware complex for tracking public transport passengers. The complex was designed by the authors. It allows carrying out the following actions in real time: writing down the readings of an ultrasound range finder on objects entering and exiting the door frame; processing the accumulated sets of data and determining the number of people that entered and exited the vehicle during stops; sending out the data through standard connection modules of the vehicle in order to provide specialized monitoring services with information on passenger flow, as well as solving corresponding tasks of predictive analytics. The article overviews existing analogs that are based on using laser detectors, thermal scopes, computer vision technology and floor impact detectors. Their advantages as well as weaknesses that limit their mass use are highlighted. The article also provides the following for the offered software-hardware complex: comparison results, grounds for implementing it on public transport; a description of the hardware part – the composition of the main accessories used (an STM32 controller, an ultrasound diastimeter, an infrared diastimeter); methods for processing the data given by the ultrasound range finder in order to determine the number of passengers that entered and exited the vehicle, including situations when there are many of them on both sides of the door frame, including alternating motions to enter and exit in groups as well as one by one; options of module performance according to the case’s form factor, as well as according to compositions and the number of accessories used; options of compiling modules and describing their installation schemes according to the specifics of the tasks of use to control door frames of various width, including random width.

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30

Yao, Z., Z. N. Guo, Y. J. Zhang, Y. Deng, and W. T. Zhang. "Research on the Frequency Tracking in Rotary Ultrasonic Machining." Procedia CIRP 6 (2013): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2013.03.038.

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31

Ingle, Atul N., Chi Ma, and Tomy Varghese. "Ultrasonic tracking of shear waves using a particle filter." Medical Physics 42, no. 11 (October 29, 2015): 6711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4934372.

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32

Xia, Wenfeng, Yuval Ginsberg, Simeon J. West, Daniil I. Nikitichev, Sebastien Ourselin, Anna L. David, and Adrien E. Desjardins. "Coded excitation ultrasonic needle tracking: An in vivo study." Medical Physics 43, no. 7 (June 10, 2016): 4065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4953205.

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33

Kuang, W. T., and A. S. Morris. "Ultrasound speed compensation in an ultrasonic robot tracking system." Robotica 18, no. 6 (November 2000): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700002812.

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This paper presents a novel method for ultrasound speed compensation in ultrasonic robot tracking. It employs optimization algorithms to estimate the best value of the ultrasound speed for every computation of the robot end-effector position. Compared with the other existing method for ultrasound speed compensation, this method has the advantage that no extra equipment is required to monitor the environment conditions (temperature etc.). The simulation, which is described at the end of this paper, shows that the real trajectory is extracted with very good precision from a set of distorted data caused by serious ultrasound speed drifting.

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34

Yeung, Fai, Stephen F. Levinson, and Kevin J. Parker. "Multilevel and Motion Model-Based Ultrasonic Speckle Tracking Algorithms." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 24, no. 3 (March 1998): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-5629(97)00281-0.

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35

O'Donnell, M., A. R. Skovoroda, B. M. Shapo, and S. Y. Emelianov. "Internal displacement and strain imaging using ultrasonic speckle tracking." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 41, no. 3 (May 1994): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/58.285465.

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36

Cheng, Roland, Wendi Heinzelman, Melissa Sturge-Apple, and Zeljko Ignjatovic. "A Motion-Tracking Ultrasonic Sensor Array for Behavioral Monitoring." IEEE Sensors Journal 12, no. 3 (March 2012): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2011.2165942.

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37

Antoun, Shrine Micheal, and Phillip J. McKerrow. "Issues in Wall Tracking With a CTFM Ultrasonic Sensor." IEEE Sensors Journal 13, no. 12 (December 2013): 4671–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2013.2272635.

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38

Kato, Kazuo, and Takashi Sase. "Robust resonant frequency tracking control for ultrasonic-motor drive." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics) 80, no. 3 (March 1997): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6432(199703)80:3<1::aid-ecjb1>3.0.co;2-s.

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39

Lee, Jaejun, Sang Hong, and Yunmo Chung. "Robust Tracking of Ultrasonic Pen for Handwriting Digitizer Applications." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 53, no. 3 (August 2007): 1098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2007.4341591.

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40

Kuang, W. T., and A. S. Morris. "Ultrasonic Doppler distance measurement technique for robot tracking system." Electronics Letters 35, no. 11 (1999): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19990615.

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41

Ju, Kuen-Cheng, and Hao-Li Liu. "Zero-Crossing Tracking Technique for Noninvasive Ultrasonic Temperature Estimation." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 29, no. 11 (November 2010): 1607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.2010.29.11.1607.

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42

Ginsberg, Yuval, Wenfeng Xia, Simeon J. West, Sebastien Ourselin, Daniil I. Nikitichev, Anna L. David, and Adrien E. Desjardins. "261: Ultrasonic needle tracking for guidance of fetal interventions." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 214, no. 1 (January 2016): S152—S153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.10.299.

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43

Li, Leyin, Zhaoyu Hu, Yunqian Huang, Wenqian Zhu, Yuanyuan Wang, Man Chen, and Jinhua Yu. "Automatic multi-plaque tracking and segmentation in ultrasonic videos." Medical Image Analysis 74 (December 2021): 102201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2021.102201.

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44

Yarn, Kao Feng, King Kung Wu, Kai Hsing Ma, and Wen Chung Chang. "Ultrasonic Welding Driver with Class-E Inverter Design." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 2071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.2071.

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A robust circuit design using matching technology to design the ultrasonic welding transducer driver with zero voltage switching is proposed. The feedback output voltage is used to control the oscillator frequency to achieve the self-tracking function. Experimental results exhibit that the Class-E inverter circuit can be effectively and stably applied on the high power ultrasonic welding system.

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45

Goll, Stanislaw, and Elena Zakharova. "An active beacon-based leader vehicle tracking system." ACTA IMEKO 8, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v8i4.685.

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This article focuses on mobile robot convoying along a path travelled by a certain leader carrying the active ultrasonic beacon. The robot is equipped with the three-dimensional receiver array in order to receive both the ultrasonic wave and the RF wave marking the beginning of the measurement cycle. To increase measurement reliability, each receiver contains two independent measurement channels with automatic gain control. The distance measurements are pre-processed in order to identify the artefacts and then either remove them or replace them with the interpolated value. To estimate the position of the beacon in the robot’s local coordinate system, several methods are used, including the least squares method with subsequent exponential smoothing, the linear Kalman filter, the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother, the extended Kalman Filter, the unscented Kalman filter, and the particle filter. The experiments were undertaken in order to estimate the estimation method preferable for following the leader’s path.

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46

Zhang, Guiqing, Wei Xue, Chenlu Tian, Xiaoqian Liu, Yong Li, and Leilei Pan. "Research on Vehicle Track Tracking and Vehicle Reverse Lookup Algorithm Based on Ultrasonic Waveform Recording." MATEC Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817302012.

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In order to solve the problems of garage expand, video based searching costs high, ultrasonic detector based searching cannot achieve. This paper presents a vehicle trajectory tracking algorithm based on ultrasonic waveform recording. Parking management system can determine the parking position through the ultrasonic detector, so as to achieve vehicle reverse lookup. The system first uses the vehicle license plate recognition system to obtain the vehicle information, and sets the ultrasonic detector at the intersection to perceive the detection time and waveform recording signal. Firstly according to the time series determine the direction of the vehicle at the intersection. Then via the ultrasonic wave curve of two directions at the intersection to Identify the vehicle profile and determine the turning direction. Finally, the car's parking position is tracked through the parking space detector. This paper developed the WeChat public number for vehicle reverse lookup and payment. The user concerned to find car only need to enter the license plate number and can pay online fare. The system has been tested to be stable and reliable, which is a feasible solution to realize vehicle reverse searching at low cost.

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Qu, Bai Da, and Zheng Long Ni. "Research on the Frequency Automatic Tracking in Ultrasonic Power Based on Fuzzy-DPLL." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 1053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.1053.

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Traditional frequency-tracking technique of ultrasonic power often adopts analog phase locked loop circuit. But it has some defects, such as the narrow locked-inrange and the tendency to lose phase locked with a sudden change in load, etc. Therefore, this paper proposes a composed control strategy which combines a digital fuzzy controller with phase locked loop in DSP, and the working principle and design method are gived. The experimental results show that the ultrasonic power using Fuzzy-DPLL can realize quick and accurate frequency tracking, and it can make the vibrate system work stably and efficiently, and it improves the efficiency of the power supply.

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Kuang, W. T., and A. S. Morris. "Combined time-of-flight and Doppler ultrasonic tracking system for better performance in robot tracking." IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 147, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20000477.

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Zhang, S. B., Y. M. Zhang, and R. Kovacevic. "Noncontact Ultrasonic Sensing for Seam Tracking in Arc Welding Processes." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 120, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830164.

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A novel seam tracking technology based on high frequency ultrasound is developed in order to achieve high accuracy in weld seam identification. The transmission efficiency of the ultrasound is critical for obtaining a sufficient echo amplitude. Since the transmission efficiency is determined by the difference in impedance between the piezoelectric ceramic and air, match layers are designed to optimize the transmission efficiency by matching impedance. Since the air impedance depends on the density and velocity of the ultrasound, which both depend on the temperature, the optimization has been done for a wide bandwidth. Also, the receiving circuit is designed so that its resonance frequency matches the frequency of the ultrasound. As a result, the sensitivity of the noncontact ultrasonic sensor is improved 80-fold. By properly designing the focal length of the transducer, a high resolution ultrasound beam, 0.5 mm in diameter, is achieved. Based on the proposed sensing technology, a noncontact seam tracking system has been developed. Applications of the developed system in gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and CO2 gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes show that a tracking accuracy of 0.5 mm is guaranteed despite the arc light, spatter, high temperature, joint configuration, small gap, etc.

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Zhang, Yong Jun, Yong Jun Tang, and Xiao Kang Liu. "Research on Ultrasonic Vibration Combined with Grinding Machining and its Application in Processing Brittle Hard Materials." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.223.

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A system of ultrasonic combined with grinding has been designed, and one novel connective method of straight screw combined with taper surface has been applied in spindle, so compact size and high revolving accuracy can be achieved. Modal analysis of ultrasonic vibration system has been implemented by FEM (Finite Element Method), and its optimal dimension has been calculated to find out optimal vibration estate. Full-bridge converter has been applied in driving circuit of ultrasonic vibrator, and auto-frequency tracking has been designed in order that ultrasonic vibration works on resonant or quasi-resonant frequency. Finally, machining experiments have been fulfilled about ultrasonic combined with grinding, and its machining effect has been distinctly improved comparing ordinary grinding machining.

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