Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ultrasonic pulses

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ultrasonic pulses'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ultrasonic pulses"

1

Round, W. H., and R. H. T. Bates. "Modification of Spectra of Pulses from Ultrasonic Transducers by Scatterers in Non-Attenuating and in Attenuating Media." Ultrasonic Imaging 9, no. 1 (January 1987): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173468700900102.

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When an ultrasonic pulse is scattered off a particle, the spectrum of the scattered pulse differs from that which was transmitted. A mathematical analysis is presented to show that the center frequency of the backscattered pulse is greater than that of the transmitted pulse and that the bandwidth decreases slightly when the spectrum of the pulse is Gaussian in shape. The results of measurements designed to test the theory are presented. The magnitude of the shift in center frequency for pulses backscattered off subwavelength-diameter wires is found to be similar to that predicted by the analysis. It is shown that characteristics of the spectra of the backscattered pulses can differ from those predicted if the shape of the spectrum is not truly Gaussian (as is assumed in most published analyses, including that introduced here). In medical ultrasonic imaging, the pulses are modified by scattering and absorption. The analysis is extended to account for the effects of both interactions. This allows the bandwidth and center frequency of pulses backscattered from tissues and received by medical ultrasonic scanners to be predicted.
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2

MUQAFFI, FAATIH RIFQI, BAMBANG MUKTI WIBAWA, and DARMAWAN HIDAYAT. "Pembangkitan Pulsa Orde Nanodetik Berbasis Mikrokontroler Untuk Eksitasi Transduser Ultrasonik." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v8i1.229.

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ABSTRAK Makalah ini melaporkan suatu teknik pembangkitan pulsa lebar orde nanodetik (ns) repetitif yang terprogram berbasis mikrokontroler untuk keperluan eksitasi transduser ultrasonik. Pembangkitan pulsa dan pengaturan jarak antar pulsa dilakukan melalui operasi timer mikrokontroler. Sebuah monostable multivibrator mengubah lebar pulsa dari mikrokontroler dalam orde nanodetik melalui pengaturan komponen pewaktuan resistor-kapasitor (RC) dengan cara pengaturan nilai R yang dibuat dari sebuah potensiometer digital. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa mikrokontroler membangkitkan pulsa repetitif dengan interval terprogram dalam orde 1 detik dan lebar pulsa minimum 1,25 ms. monostable multivibrator dapat mengubah lebar pulsa tersebut menjadi sekitar 140 ns. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem berfungsi sesuai rancangan, sistem dapat membangkitkan pulsa repetitif dengan lebar pulsa hingga 140 ns dengan parameter interval dan lebar yang dapat diprogram. Kata kunci: generator pulsa, lebar pulsa singkat, mikrokontroler, monostable multivibrator, eksitasi transduser ultrasonik ABSTRACT This paper reports a repetitive, programmable, microcontroller-based pulse width generation technique for the purpose of ultrasonic transducer excitation. Pulse generation and distance adjustment between pulses is done through the microcontroller timer. A monostable multivibrator changes the pulse width of the microcontroller in the order of nanoseconds by adjusting the resistor-capacitor time constant which are done by adjusting the R value made from a digital potentiometer. The test results show that the microcontroller generates repetitive pulses with programmed intervals in order of 1 second and pulse width of 1.25 ms. A monostable multivibrator converts the pulse width to ca. 140 ns. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the system functions according to the design as the system can generate repetitive pulses with pulse widths up to 140 nanoseconds with programmable interval and width parameters. Keywords: pulse generator, short-width pulse, microcontroller, monostable multivibrator, ultrasonic transducer excitation
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Svilainis, Linas, Vytautas Dumbrava, and Andrius Chaziachmetovas. "Investigation of the Half Bridge and Transformer Push–Pull Pulser Topologies for Ultrasonic Transducer Excitation." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 05 (April 8, 2015): 1550062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615500620.

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Comparison of two high power pulser topologies is presented. Pulser design was aimed for piezoelectric transducer excitation, yet it can also be used for electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) or capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) excitation. Pulser can produce both single rectangular pulse and trains of rectangular arbitrary duration pulses. In order to achieve the economy of the electrical power consumption and speed both high-pulling and low-pulling elements are active switches. Energy per pulse was used to evaluate the amount of energy consumed. Two topologies were selected for evaluation: transformer output push–pull topology and half bridge output. Experimental investigation results are presented.
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Bühling, Benjamin, Stefan Maack, and Christoph Strangfeld. "Enabling multi-input, multi-output measurements with a fluidic transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150, no. 4 (October 2021): A349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0008547.

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Ultrasonic testing is a widely used method for detecting damage and material characteristics in fields ranging from medicine to aerospace applications. The use of air-coupled ultrasound (ACU) enables an increase in testing speed, since no coupling medium needs to be applied to the transducer-specimen interface at each measurement point. The time needed for testing can be further decreased by using multiple-input, multiple output (MIMO) measurement systems. These systems require the ultrasonic signals to be uncorrelated so the that the individual pulses can be discriminated. Recently, the fluidic transducer was introduced, which generates acoustic pulses in the low ultrasonic frequency range. Experimentally, it is shown that each pulse contains a unique phase signature, that can be extracted by removing the signal envelope information. This technique is used to uniquely discriminate between simultaneously triggered pulses from two fluidic transducers and measure their individual times of flight.
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Wolf, J., T. H. Neighbors, and W. G. Mayer. "Optical probing of ultrasonic pulses." Ultrasonics 27, no. 3 (May 1989): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-624x(89)90057-7.

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Krymsky, V. V., N. A. Shaburova, and E. V. Litvinova. "Microstructure and Properties of Cast Metal Treated with Electromagnetic Pulses while in Molten State." Materials Science Forum 843 (February 2016): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.843.106.

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The results of experiments on the impact of high power electromagnetic pulses (EMP) on the metal alloy melts are discussed. A generator with the following pulse parameters: the amplitude of 10 kV, the duration of 1 ns, the leading edge of 0.1 ns, repetition rate of 1 kHz was used for pulse electric treatment of metal melts. The maximum network input of the generator equals 100 watts. The treatment was carried out in a furnace immediately before casting. The treatment of the melt by electromagnetic pulses is conducted for 10-15 minutes. Comparative analysis of treated and untreated samples showed a change in structure, density, strength, ductility, and toughness of the cast metal. The mechanism of stepping impact on the metal melts was discussed. Analysis of the results of other external physical melt impact methods showed that the overall match is observed with the results of the ultrasonic treatment of metals. Therefore, the hypothesis of the pulse ultrasonic shock wave generation at the front was accepted as the basis-hypothesis for the mechanism of the impact of electromagnetic pulses on the melt. In the theoretical part of the paper a model of electromagnetic pulses conversion in acoustic pulses is proposed.
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Feng, Fu Zhou, Chao Sheng Zhang, Qing Xu Min, and Peng Cheng Jiang. "Identification and Reconstruction of Cracks in Ultrasonic Infrared Thermography." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.46.

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Ultrasonic infrared thermography is a novel nondestructive detection technique, which combines a short ultrasonic pulse excitation and infrared imaging to detect defects, such as crack, in materials and structures. A simplified one-dimension heat-conduction model excited by ultrasonic pulses is put forward in this paper. Based on this model, a serial of image processing methods for recognition and reconstruction of cracks were presented. Results obtained show that the proposed method is creditable and applicable.
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Verboven, Erik, Mathias Kersemans, Arvid Martens, Jannes Daemen, Steven Delrue, Koen Van Den Abeele, and Wim Van Paepegem. "Matching Spectroscopy with the Ultrasonic Polar Scan for Advanced NDT of Composites." Proceedings 2, no. 8 (July 19, 2018): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/icem18-05458.

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The Pulsed Ultrasonic Polar Scan (P-UPS) is a powerful technique for characterizing anisotropic materials like fiber reinforced plastics. A time-domain analysis of the ultrasonic signals yields amplitude and time-of-flight polar diagrams that provide a fingerprint of the local stiffness properties. Though, this simple analysis ignores a lot of information contained in the ultrasonic signals. In this study, we propose to use the P-UPS technique in combination with the spectroscopic analysis of broadband pulses, to obtain plane wave transmission spectra for all in-plane polar angles. This allows us to combine on one hand the strengths of the P-UPS technique, that does not require a priori knowledge about the sample anisotropy, and on the other hand the frequency-domain analysis that utilizes information contained in the broadband pulses.
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Cuevas-Acuña, Dulce Alondra, Joe Luis Arias-Moscoso, Wilfrido Torres-Arreola, Francisco Cadena-Cadena, Ramón Gertrudis Valdez-Melchor, Sarai Chaparro-Hernandez, Hisila del Carmen Santacruz-Ortega, and Saúl Ruiz-Cruz. "High-Intensity Ultrasound Pulses Effect on Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Skin Gelatin." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031004.

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Ultrasonic pulses are considered green technology for the improvement of the functional properties of proteins. In this study, four high-intensity ultrasound pulse treatments (ultrasound-pulsed gelatin (UPG)-42, UPG-52, UPG-71, UPG-84, and non-pulsed control gelatin (CG)) were applied to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin gelatin in order to study their effect on its physicochemical and antioxidant properties; a non-treated gelatin was used as a control. UPGs showed a significant increase in soluble protein and surface hydrophobicity compared to the control gelatin, and no significant difference was found in the electrophoretic profiles. The effects on the secondary structure were studied by circular dichroism and infrared spectra, and these showed that the random coil conformation was the main component in all treatments and the ultrasonic treatments only affected the α-helix and β-sheet proportion. Finally, the ABTS ((2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and FRAP (ferric reducing ability) assays demonstrated that ultrasound treatments could improve the antioxidant activity of gelatins as free radical scavengers and electron donors. These results suggest that high-intensity ultrasound pulse technology is useful to improve fish gelatin antioxidant properties, which could be associated with secondary structure disruption.
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Sang, Pil, Junseok Heo, Hui Park, and Hyoung Baac. "Photoacoustic Energy Sensor for Nanosecond Optical Pulse Measurement." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 11, 2018): 3879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113879.

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We demonstrate a photoacoustic sensor capable of measuring high-energy nanosecond optical pulses in terms of temporal width and energy fluence per pulse. This was achieved by using a hybrid combination of a carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane (CNT-PDMS)-based photoacoustic transmitter (i.e., light-to-sound converter) and a piezoelectric receiver (i.e., sound detector). In this photoacoustic energy sensor (PES), input pulsed optical energy is heavily absorbed by the CNT-PDMS composite film and then efficiently converted into an ultrasonic output. The output ultrasonic pulse is then measured and analyzed to retrieve the input optical characteristics. We quantitatively compared the PES performance with that of a commercial thermal energy meter. Due to the efficient energy transduction and sensing mechanism of the hybrid structure, the minimum-measurable pulsed optical energy was significantly lowered, ~157 nJ/cm2, corresponding to 1/760 of the reference pyroelectric detector. Moreover, despite the limited acoustic frequency bandwidth of the piezoelectric receiver, laser pulse widths over a range of 6–130 ns could be measured with a linear relationship to the ultrasound pulse width of 22–153 ns. As CNT has a wide electromagnetic absorption spectrum, the proposed pulsed sensor system can be extensively applied to high-energy pulse measurement over visible through terahertz spectral ranges.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ultrasonic pulses"

1

Crosbie, Ross Andrew. "Quantitative non-destructive evaluation using laser generated ultrasonic pulses." Thesis, University of Hull, 1987. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5393.

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The work presented here utilises features of laser generated ultrasound for the detection of defects in solids. Ultrasound is generated noncontactively by this method and likewise many of the detection devices used do not require direct coupling to the test pieces, thus acoustic pulses with high frequency components are able to be produced and monitored on a range of samples. Steel samples coated with between 3 and 7mm of plasma-transferred arc depositions are examined for bond quality via measurements of attenuation caused by porosity in the coatings, found to be related to weld current. Surface breaking cracks, (of depth < 3mm), in such claddings are quantitatively detected by a method which utilises Rayleigh pulses. A two sided automated scanning system is described which examines samples for subsurface defects. Results from the examinations of a dural test piece, plasma sprayed steel bars and carbon fibre composite samples are presented. Resolution of defects is shown to be within 0.5mm for a 1mm thick section of the composite material. A second scanning technique, requiring access to only one sample face, is presented which employs an interferometer for detection and is thus a truly remote system. Laminar flaws are modelled using flat-bottomed holes, the dimensions of which are measured using the resonance of the bodies. A theoretical investigation using various boundary conditions suggests possible applications for quantitative NDE of structures with well defined natural vibration frequencies. The propagation of acoustic transients in plates is also examined. Possible future work concerning laser/ultrasonic NDE is discussed.
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Smith, Philip F. "Surface evaluation by the signal processing of ultrasonic pulses." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU024863.

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The development of a surface texture evaluation technique for the study of roughnesses of the order of a few microns using the signal processing of ultrasonic pulse-echo signals is described. The technique of extracting surface information by means of deconvolution is introduced. Strictly, a solution to the deconvolution problem normally does not exist or is not unique. The chosen method of approaching a solution is by the nonlinear Maximum Entropy Method (MEM), which offers superior image quality over many other filters. The algorithm is described and translated into a standalone computer programme-the development of this software is described in detail. The performance of the algorithm in the field of ultrasonics is assessed by means of the study of simulations involving images similar to those obtainable in a real application. Comparison with the linear Wiener-Hopf filter is provided particularly in instances where the comparison shows weaknesses of either technique. Also examined is the frequency restoration property of the algorithm (not shown by the Wiener-Hopf filter)-potential applications of this property are also described. The final part of the study of the MEM is an examination of the effect on performance of some of the algorithm's parameters and on computer system dependencies. A brief overview of some of the surface metrology techniques currently used is given. The aim is an introduction to surface metrology and an assessment of where the technique described here fits into the general surface metrology field. The experimental system, which of course is essential to practical applications, is considered in some detail. Also considered is a wide range of ultrasonic transducers available for the research. These show a considerable variety of characteristics. Some assessment is carried out using the Maximum Entropy Method with simulated and real data to try and establish the properties of a transducer best suited to the application intended. Finally, results from grating-type test surfaces and more general rough surfaces are presented. The former are intended as a means of establishing the potential performance of the technique; the latter build on the grating results to analyse real surfaces as made by a variety of engineering techniques. Results are compared with those obtained by a stylus instrument. Generally good agreement is found, with roughnesses of around 2 microns being accurately assessed. With the accuracy of these results being less than a micron, it is concluded that this technique has a valuable contribution to the surface metrology field.
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Engman, Zoie. "Design and Validation of a Wearable, Continuous, and Non-Invasive Hydration Monitor that uses Ultrasonic Pulses to Detect Changes in Tissue Hydration Status." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1218.

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Chronic dehydration is an endemic problem for many population groups. Current methods of monitoring hydration status are invasive, time consuming, cannot be performed while exercising, and require lab resources. A proposed solution is a wearable, continuous, and non-invasive device that uses harm-free ultrasonic pulses to detect changes in tissue hydration status over time. Customer and engineering requirements were defined and used to guide the design process. Literature reviews were performed to identify essential information on dehydration, assess current methods, discover state of the art devices, and describe ultrasonic theory. Market research was performed to identify athletes as the target population group. An adjustable elastic nylon bicep band prototype was manufactured and the integration of more advanced components was proposed. The theoretical signal processing method used to detect hydration status was validated through initial tests with a prototype electrical system composed of a Teensy 3.1 board, two 18 kHz piezoceramic disc elements, and an Arduino/LabVIEW interface. Tests with aluminum, rubber, and sponge materials were performed to compare the signal response to propagation through materials with different acoustic properties and water contents. Finally, tests performed with dehydrated bovine muscle tissue revealed a statistically significant difference between hydrated and dehydrated tissue, a promising indication for future device refinement.
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Nadkarni, Aditya. "Reflector geometry specific modeling of an annular array based ultrasound pulse-echo system." Link to electronic thesis, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-091207-114218/.

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Mehra, Sumat. "Frequency modulated pulse for ultrasonic B-scan imaging in attenuating medium /." Online version of thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11641.

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Bonaventura, Leeann R. "Ontogeny of circadian and diurnal rhythms effects of light pulses on ultrasonic vocalizations, locomotor activity and Fos/pCREB expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet of the neonatal rat /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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7

Салам, Буссі. "Електромагнітно-акустичні перетворювачі для ультразвукового контролю металовиробів." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/48184.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук (доктора філософії) за спеціальністю 05.11.13 «Прилади і методи контролю та визначення складу речовин» – Національний технічний університет «Харківський політехнічний інститут». Дисертація присвячена розробці нових ультразвукових електромагнітно-акустичних перетворювачів з джерелом імпульсного поляризуючого магнітного поля, методів підвищення чутливості контролю та діагностики металовиробів з використанням перетворювачів такого типу. Виконано аналітичний огляд та аналіз сучасних засобів і методів контролю та діагностики електромагнітно-акустичним методом [1–3] феромагнітних і електропровідних або тільки електропровідних виробів в умовах дії постійних та імпульсних поляризуючих магнітних полів з урахуванням наявності когерентних завад різного типу, технічного рівня сучасних електромагнітно – акустичних перетворювачів, схемотехнічних рішень засобів їх живлення, прийому з виробів ультразвукових імпульсів та їх обробки, визначення відомих переваг, недоліків та можливостей використання в дослідженнях і розробках. Визначені та обґрунтовані напрямки дисертаційного дослідження: розробка електромагнітно-акустичного перетворювача у вигляді спрощеної одновиткової моделі [4] джерела магнітного поляризуючого поля з феромагнітним осердям та високочастотною котушкою, яка розміщена між осердям та металовиробом; шляхом моделювання [5] розподілення індукції поляризуючого магнітного поля на торці осердя джерела магнітного поля та в поверхневому шарі як феромагнітного так і неферомагнітного металовиробу визначено особливості розташування високочастотної котушки індуктивності під джерелом магнітного поля для ефективного збудження зсувних ультразвукових імпульсів (в центральній частині торця феромагнітного осердя) або поздовжніх ультразвукових імпульсів (біля периферійної частини торця феромагнітного осердя) [6]. Збільшення кількості витків котушки намагнічування при наявності феромагнітного осердя призводить до значного збільшення часу перехідних процесів при включенні живлення імпульсного джерела поляризуючого магнітного поля і при його виключенні. В результаті час дії імпульсу живлення збільшується до 1 мс і більше, що призводить до збільшення сили притягування ЕМАП до феромагнітного виробу, додаткових втрат електроенергії, погіршенню температурного режиму перетворювача. Для зменшення часу дії імпульсу живлення джерела магнітного поля необхідно зменшувати кількість витків котушки намагнічування, але це призводить до зменшення величини магнітної індукції навіть при наявності феромагнітного осердя. В результаті раціонального вибору конструкції джерела магнітного поля встановлена необхідність виконання його котушки намагнічування плоскою двовіконною трьохвитковою і виготовляти з високоелектропровідного високотеплопровідного матеріалу [7-9]. Осердя повинно бути розміщено в вікнах котушки намагнічування тільки торцями. В результаті час дії імпульсу намагнічування зменшено до 200 мкс, що достатньо для контролю виробів товщиною до 300 мм. Високочастотна котушка індуктивності виконана з двома лінійними робочими ділянками, які розташовуються під вікнами котушки намагнічування [9]. При протилежних напрямках високочастотного струму в цих робочих ділянках в поверхневому шарі виробу збуджуються синфазні потужні імпульси зсувних ультразвукових хвиль. При цьому відношення збуджуваних амплітуд зсувних та поздовжніх імпульсів перевищує 30 дБ. Тобто когерентні імпульси поздовжніх хвиль при контролі луна методом практично не будуть впливати на результати діагностики феромагнітних виробів. Розроблені варіанти конструкцій електромагнітно-акустичних перетворювачів з одновитковими [7], двовитковими [8] та трьохвитковими [9] котушками намагнічування джерела імпульсного поляризуючого магнітного поля. При одновитковій котушці [7] перехідні процеси при включенні імпульсу живлення мінімальні. Проте необхідно збуджувати в котушці струм з силою в кілька кА, що ускладнює температурний режим перетворювача та апаратуру живлення. При трьохвитковій котушці [9] намагнічування амплітуда донних імпульсів по відношенню до амплітуди завад перевищує 24 дБ, що дозволяє проводити контроль та діагностику значної кількості металовиробів. При використанні шихтованого осердя [9] відношення амплітуд корисного сигналу і шуму збільшилося до 38 дБ, що дає можливість проводити ультразвуковий контроль лунаметодом. Розроблено метод [10 ] ультразвукового електромагнітно- акустичного контролю феромагнітних виробів, суть якого заключається в збудженні ультразвукових імпульсів шляхом формування в поверхневому шарі феромагнітного виробу двох рядом розташованих короткочасно намагнічених ділянок з протилежним напрямком векторів магнітної індукції поляризуючого поля, збудженні в намагнічених ділянках пакетних імпульсів електромагнітного поля з протилежно направленими векторами напруженості тривалістю в кілька періодів високої частоти заповнення, при цьому збудження імпульсів електромагнітного поля виконують в момент часу, який дорівнює часу перехідних процесів з встановлення робочої величини індукції поляризуючого магнітного поля, а прийом ультразвукових імпульсів відбитих з виробу виконується в період часу tпр, який визначається за виразом T – t1 – t2 – t3 < tпр = t1 + t2 + t3 + 2H/C, де Т – тривалість імпульсу намагнічування; t1 – час перехідних процесів з встановлення робочої величини індукції поляризуючого магнітного поля; t2 – час дії пакетного імпульсу електромагнітного поля; t3 – час затухаючих коливань в плоскій високочастотній котушці індуктивності; Н – товщина виробу або відстань в об’ємі виробу, які підлягають ультразвуковому контролю; С – швидкість поширення зсувних ультразвукових хвиль в матеріалі виробу. Встановлено [9] [9], що завади в феромагнітному осерді, обумовлені ефектом Баркгаузена та магнітострикційним перетворенням електромагнітної енергії в ультразвукову при збудженні ультразвукових імпульсів, практично виключаються за рахунок виготовлення осердя шихтованим, матеріал пластин осердя повинен мати низький коефіцієнт магнітострикційного перетворення, пластини осердя повинні бути орієнтовані перпендикулярно провідникам робочих ділянок плоскої високочастотної котушки індуктивності, а також заповненням щілин між пластинами осердя рідиною із значною густиною, наприклад гліцерином. Показано, що чутливість прямих ЕМА перетворювачів з імпульсним намагнічуванням при живленні розробленим генератором пакетних зондуючих високочастотних імпульсів [11 ] та прийомі малошумлячим підсилювачем [12 ] забезпечують виявлення плоскодонних відбивачів діаметром 3 мм і більше при частоті зондування 40 Гц, піковому високочастотному струмі 120 А, частоті зсувних лінійно поляризованих ультразвукових коливань 2,3 МГц, тривалості високочастотного пакетного імпульсу 6…7 періодів частоти заповнення, тривалості імпульсу намагнічування 200 мкс, густині струму намагнічування 600 А/мм2 та при зазорі між ЕМАП і виробом 0,2 мм [9] [9]. При цьому амплітуда луна імпульсу відбитого від дефекту по відношенню до амплітуди завад досягає 20 дБ. Розроблені ЕМАП захищені 2 патентами на корисну модель.
Thesis for a Candidate Degree in Engineering (Doctor of Philosophy), specialty 05.11.13 "Devices and methods of testing and determination of composition of substances" - National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". The dissertation is devoted to development of new ultrasonic electromagnetic-acoustic transducers with a source of pulsed polarizing magnetic field, methods of sensitive testing and diagnostics of metalware with the use of transducers of this type. Analytical review and analysis of modern means and methods of testing and diagnostics via electromagnetic-acoustic method [1-3] of ferromagnetic and electrically conductive or strictly electrically conductive products under conditions of impact of constant and pulse polarizing magnetic fields taking into account the presence of coherent interferences of different types, technical level of modern electromagnetic circuits, means of their power supply, reception of ultrasonic pulses from metalware and their processing, determination of known advantages and disadvantages, and opportunities of their use in research and development. The direction of the research is defined and justified: development of electromagnetic-acoustic transducer in the form of a simplified single-wind coil model [4] of a source of a magnetic polarizing field with a ferromagnetic core and a high-frequency coil, which is located between the core and the sample; by modeling [5] the distribution of induction of polarizing magnetic field at the end face of the core of the magnetic field source and in the surface layer of both ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic metallurgy the features of the location of the high frequency coil of inductance under the magnetic field source are effectively determined for the effective excitation of shear ultrasonic pulses (near the peripheral end of the ferromagnetic core) [6]. The increase in number of winds of magnetization coil in presence of a ferromagnetic core leads to a significant increase in time of transients during the process of powering of a pulsed source of a polarizing magnetic field and during its switching off. As a result, the duration of the power pulse increases to 1 ms or more, which leads to an increase in the force of attraction of EMAP to the ferromagnetic product, additional losses of electricity, deterioration of temperature conditions of the transducer. To reduce the duration of powering pulse of magnetic field it is necessary to reduce the number of winds of the magnetizing coil, but this leads to a decrease in magnetic induction magnitude, even in presence of a ferromagnetic core. As a result of rational choice of the design of the magnetic field source, the flat coil of magnetization must be made with a two-window three-wind and made of high-conductive high-heat-conducting material [7-9]. The core should be placed in the windows of the magnet coil only by the ends. As a result, the action time of the magnetization pulse is reduced to 200 μs, which is sufficient for testing of samples up to 300 mm thick. The high-frequency inductor coil is made of two linear working sections that are located under the windows of the coil [9]. In opposite directions of high-frequency current in these working areas, in-phase powerful pulses of shear ultrasonic waves are excited in the surface layer of the product. The ratio of the excited amplitudes of the shear and longitudinal pulses exceeds 30 dB. That is, the coherent pulses of longitudinal waves in the testing of the moon by the method will practically not affect the results of the diagnosis of ferromagnetic products. Design variants of electromagnetic-acoustic transducers with one-wind [7], two-wind [8] and three-wind magnetization coils [9] of a source of a pulsed polarizing magnetic field are developed. With a single-coil [7], the transients are minimal when the power pulse is winded on. However, it is necessary to excite in the coil a current of several kA, which complicates the temperature conditions of the transducer and power equipment. With a three-coil [9] magnetization, the amplitude of the bottom pulses in relation to the amplitude of the interference exceeds 24 dB, which allows for testing and diagnostics of large variety of samples. When using the charge core [9], the ratio of amplitudes increased to 38 dB, which makes it possible to monitor the echo by the method. The method [10] of ultrasonic electromagnetic - acoustic testing of ferromagnetic products is developed. vectors of intensity with duration of several periods of high filling frequency, n and this excitation of the pulses of the electromagnetic field is performed at a time equal to the time of transients to establish the operating value of the induction of the polarizing magnetic field, and the reception of ultrasonic pulses reflected from the product is performed in the time period tпр, which is determined by the expression T – t1 – t2 – t3 < tпр = t1 + t2 + t3 + 2H/C, where T is the duration of the magnetization pulse; t1 is the time of transients to establish the working value of the induction of a polarizing magnetic field; t2 - time of packet pulse of electromagnetic field; t3 is the time of damping oscillations in the flat high frequency inductor; H is the thickness of the product or the distance in volume of the product to be ultrasound; C is the velocity of propagation of shear ultrasonic waves in the material of the product. It is established [9] that the interferences in the ferromagnetic core caused by the Barkhausen effect and magnetostrictive transformation of electromagnetic energy into ultrasound are practically excluded by production of the core blended, usage of the material of the core plates which has a low coefficient of magnetostrictive conversion, perpendicular core plates orientation in relation to the conductors of the working areas of the flat high-frequency inductor, as well as filling of the gaps between the plates with a high density fluid, such as glycerol. It is shown that the sensitivity of direct EMA transducers with pulse magnetization when powered by a batch high frequency probe pulse generator [11] and when receiving via a low noise amplifier [12] provide detection of flat-bottomed reflectors with a diameter of 3 mm or more, probe frequency of 40 Hz, peak high-frequency current of 120A, shear linearly polarized ultrasonic oscillations of 2.3 MHz, high frequency packet pulse duration 6…7 filling frequency periods, magnetization pulse duration 200 μs, magnetization current density of 600 A / mm2 and at the gap between the EMAP and the product of 0.2 mm [9]. The amplitude of the echo momentum reflected from the flaw in relation to the noise amplitude reaches 20 dB. The EMATs developed are protected with 2 utility model patents.
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Салам, Буссі. "Електромагнітно-акустичні перетворювачі для ультразвукового контролю металовиробів." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/48181.

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Дисертація на здобуття вченого ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.11.13 – прилади і методи контролю та визначення складу речовин. Національний технічний університет «Харківський політехнічний інститут», Харків, 2020. В дисертаційній роботі вирішено актуальну науково-практичну задачу з розробки нових типів ЕМАП для ефективного ультразвукового контролю металовиробів. В роботі виконано комп’ютерне моделювання розподілу магнітних полів ЕМАП при імпульсному намагнічуванні феромагнітних та немагнітних виробів. Встановлені шляхи побудови перетворювачів з максимальною чутливістю. Розроблено метод збудження імпульсних пакетних ультразвукових імпульсів за рахунок послідовного в часі формування імпульсного магнітного та електромагнітного полів. Розроблено технічні рішення пригнічення когерентних завад в осерді та у виробі. Визначені геометричні та конструктивні параметри джерела імпульсного магнітного поля, що дало можливість збуджувати потужні синфазні пакетні імпульси високочастотних зсувних коливань в ОК. Показано, що чутливість прямих ЕМА перетворювачів з імпульсним намагнічуванням забезпечують виявлення плоскодонних відбивачів діаметром 3 мм і більше при частоті зондування 40 Гц, частоті зсувних лінійно поляризованих ультразвукових коливань 2,3 МГц, піковому струмі високочастотних пакетних імпульсів 120 А, тривалості пакетних високочастотних імпульсів струму в 6 періодів частоти заповнення, тривалості імпульсу намагнічування 200 мкс, щільності струму намагнічування 600 А/мм2 та при зазорі між ЕМАП і виробом 0,2 мм. При цьому амплітуда луна-імпульсу від дефекту по відношенню до амплітуди завад досягає 20 дБ, що дає можливість забезпечити якісну дефектоскопію металовиробів.
Thesis for a Candidate Degree in Engineering, specialty 05.11.13 – Devices and methods of testing and determination of composition of substances. National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kharkiv, 2020. A relevant scientific – practical problem on development of new types of EMAP for effective ultrasonic control of metal products is solved in the dissertation. Computer simulation of EMAT magnetic fields distribution in pulse magnetization of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic products is performed. Ways to build transducers with maximum sensitivity are established. The method of excitation of pulsed batch ultrasonic pulses due to the sequential formation of pulsed magnetic and electromagnetic fields is developed. Technical solutions for suppression of coherent interference in the core and in the product have been developed. The geometrical and structural parameters of pulsed magnetic field source were determined, which made it possible to excite powerful in-phase packet pulses of high-frequency shear oscillations in a sample. It is shown that the sensitivity of direct EMA transducers with pulse magnetization provide detection of flat-bottom reflectors with a diameter of 3 mm and more at a probing frequency of 40 Hz, a frequency of shear linearly polarized ultrasonic oscillations of 2.3 MHz, a peak current of high-frequency packet pulses of 120 A, duration of batch high frequency current pulses in 6 periods of filling frequency, magnetization pulse duration of 200 μs, magnetization current of 600 A and at the gap between EMAP and product of 0.2 mm.
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林鴻耀 and Hung-yiu Lam. "Pulse compression filter design for ultrasonic non-destructivetesting." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3121423X.

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Nguyen, San Boi. "Development and use of a miniature ultrasonic pulser receiver." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112581.

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The field of restorative dentistry and the problem of ultrasonic airframe corrosion in aerospace are introduced as motivation for the construction of a miniature ultrasonic pulser/receiver.
A broadly applicable ultrasonic pulser and receiver system is developed. Two pulsers, a 5V square and a 100V spike, and a 52dB amplifier with a 57MHz 6dB bandwidth were constructed as a result. These battery powered devices are tailored for compatibility with a custom built wireless data transmission system, also driven by the same voltage. It is demonstrated that the new pulser/receiver is comparable to the commercial system in performance in certain areas.
The new pulsers/receiver and a commercial one are used in this work. The data is acquired and analyzed using LabView and Matlab. It is shown that the ultrasonic technique can be used to follow the reaction in time as well as to gauge the cure of dental composites. The current work in ultrasonic airframe corrosion detection is furthered and the wireless system's functionality is affirmed.
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Books on the topic "Ultrasonic pulses"

1

Watson, C. J. Ultrasonic detection of the onset of damage in optical fibres due to high power optical pulses from a Nd:YAG laser. Manchester: UMIST, 1991.

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Pollakowski, Martin. The application of the pulse-compression technique to ultrasonic non-destructive testing. Aachen: Verlag Shaker, 1994.

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Patankar, V. H. Design and development of an ultrasonic pulser-receiver unit for non-destructive testing of materials. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2002.

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Alexander, A. Michel. Application of artificial neural networks to ultrasonic pulse echo system for detecting microcracks in concrete. Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1998.

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J, Roth Don, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. 3-D surface depression profiling using high frequency focused air-coupled ultrasonic pulses. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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J, Roth Don, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. 3-D surface depression profiling using high frequency focused air-coupled ultrasonic pulses. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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J, Roth Don, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. 3-D surface depression profiling using high frequency focused air-coupled ultrasonic pulses. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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J, Roth Don, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. 3-D surface depression profiling using high frequency focused air-coupled ultrasonic pulses. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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9

1922-, Spencer Merrill P., ed. Ultrasonic diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease: Doppler techniques and pulse echo imaging. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1987.

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Spencer, M. P. Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Cerebrovascular Disease: Doppler Techniques and Pulse Echo Imaging. Springer, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ultrasonic pulses"

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Daly, Brian C., Niels C. R. Holme, Takashi Buma, Cyril Branciard, Theodore B. Norris, S. Pau, D. M. Tennant, J. A. Taylor, and J. E. Bower. "Imaging Nanostructures with Picosecond Ultrasonic Pulses." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 231–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27213-5_71.

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Thompson, D. O., and D. K. Hsu. "Technique for Generation of Unipolar Ultrasonic Pulses." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 667–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1893-4_75.

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Schleichert, U., M. Paul, B. Hoffmann, K. J. Langenberg, and W. Arnolde. "Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Broadband Thermoelastically Generated Ultrasonic Pulses." In Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena, 284–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48181-2_75.

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Quentin, Gerard J. "Use of Short Pulses and Ultrasonic Spectroscopy in Scattering Studies." In Physical Acoustics, 119–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9573-1_11.

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Scalerandi, M., P. P. Delsanto, and V. Agostini. "Treatment of Attenuation and Dispersion in the Propagation of Ultrasonic Pulses." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 103–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4791-4_12.

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Scudder, L. P., D. A. Hutchins, and N. Guo. "Propagation of Laser Generated Broadband Ultrasonic Pulses in a Thick Carbon Fibre Composite Plate." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 1209–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2848-7_155.

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Talmant, Maryline, and Gérard Quentin. "Study of the Pseudo — Lamb Wave So Generated in Thin Cylindrical Shells Insonified by Short Ultrasonic Pulses in Water." In Progress in Underwater Acoustics, 137–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1871-2_17.

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Krautkrämer, Josef, and Herbert Krautkrämer. "The Pulse-Echo Method; Design and Performance of a Pulse-Echo Flaw Detector." In Ultrasonic Testing of Materials, 167–221. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10680-8_11.

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Uchino, Kenji. "Pulse Drive Motor Applications." In Piezoelectric Actuators and Ultrasonic Motors, 245–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1463-9_8.

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Kočiš, Štefan, and Zdenko Figura. "Measurement of position and air flow by pulse methods." In Ultrasonic Measurements and Technologies, 147–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1199-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ultrasonic pulses"

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Akamatsu, Shigenori, Tomosumi Kamimura, Katsunori Yokoi, Haruya Shiba, Toshihiro Tanizawa, Shigeaki Uchida, and Oleg G. Kotiaev. "Nondestructive Evaluation of Concrete Structures by Laser Ultrasonic Method." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2818.

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The nondestructive testing of concrete structures has been attempted using ultrasonic methods such as impact echo methods, though no automated remote testing method has been realized yet. The laser ultrasonic method is a non-contact nondestructive evaluation method that uses short laser pulses to generate and Continuous Wave (CW) laser radiation to detect ultrasonic waves. In the applications of ultrasonic to nondestructive testing, it is necessary to choice the characteristics of the ultrasonic field radiated by the ultrasonic transmitter. The characteristics of that exited by laser pulses determine the usefulness in detecting flaws. In this paper, we present experimental results of investigation of relation between the waveforms of the ultrasonic exited by Q-switched pulse laser and the wavelengths of the pulse laser in concrete. The experiment was carried out using the Q-switched pulse laser of several wavelengths. We clarify that it is possible to control the amplitude and the pulse width of P-wave by a choice of the pulse energy and the wavelength of the laser source respectively.
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Canumalla, Sridhar. "A Broadband Model for Ultrasonic Pulses in the Presence of Thin Layers in Microelectronics." In ISTFA 2002. ASM International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2002p0235.

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Abstract A broadband model is proposed to describe the nature of ultrasonic pulses in multilayered systems with a sub-wavelength thickness layer. This model, which is targeted towards acoustic microscopy of microelectronic devices, can incorporate measured ultrasonic properties of electronic materials and predict the complete ultrasonic pulse-train for all the interfaces in an electronic device. The model is robust, and incorporates material and geometric variables commonly encountered in microelectronics applications. Results are presented to illustrate how delaminations and cracks with foreign material or moisture ingress can appear to be well-bonded and why acoustic images of interfaces with thin layers can sometimes give erroneous indications of the bond state.
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"Behavior of Ultrasonic Pulses in Fresh Concrete." In SP-143: New Experimental Techniques for Evaluating Concrete Material & Structural Performance. American Concrete Institute, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/4318.

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Zhang, Li, Charles B. Theurer, Robert X. Gao, and David O. Kazmer. "Design of a Wireless Sensor for Injection Molding Cavity Pressure Measurement." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/dsc-24500.

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Abstract The concept of a wireless sensor for injection molding machine cavity pressure measurement is proposed. The pressure information inside the cavity can be sensed by means of a series of ultrasonic pulses. The current pressure is obtained simply multiplying the number of pulses with a preset threshold value. Instead of using any external power supply, the sensor is self-powered by a piezoelectric stack that extracts energy from the melt pressure changes and converts it into electrical energy. Theoretical background of ultrasonic pulses and micromechanical switches are introduced, in view of their applications in the proposed design. Preliminary experiments have shown that pressure change of 20 MPa within 1 μs could be detected wirelessly by a single ultrasonic pulse. Further work will be done to validate the proposed design.
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Yurchenko, Alexander, Oleksandr Polishko, Yuriy Pilgun, and Eugene Smirnov. "Optical visualization of ultrasonic pulses in the Total Internal Reflection Ultrasonic Sensor." In 2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2014.0185.

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Schmidt, P. L., D. G. Walker, D. E. Yuhas, and M. J. Mutton. "Thermal Measurement of Harsh Environments Using Indirect Acoustic Pyrometry." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-44089.

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The inversion of a composite governing equation for the estimation of a boundary heat flux from ultrasonic pulse data is presented. The time of flight of the ultrasonic pulse is temperature dependent and can be used to predict the boundary heat flux. Sensitivities of the approach are examined, results from fabricated data are presented, and example solutions are provided with actual ultrasonic temperature measurement data. The results indicate that compared to the canonical inverse heat conduction problem, the additional step of resolving the time-of-flight data to temperature degrades the sensitivities. Nevertheless, sampling the entire temperature distribution and enhances the results. This method of using ultrasonic pulses to remotely determine heat fluxes is comparable in terms of accuracy to more common heat flux estimation methods.
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Habib, Anowarul, and Frank Melandso. "Chirp coded ultrasonic pulses used for scanning acoustic microscopy." In 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2017.8092627.

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Habib, Anowarul, and Frank Melandso. "Chirp coded ultrasonic pulses used for scanning acoustic microscopy." In 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2017.8092689.

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Xiao, Dingguo, Huiling Ren, Jiameng Shao, and Chunguang Xu. "Response characteristics of ultrasonic transducer under different excitation pulses." In 2013 Far East Forum on Nondestructive Evaluation/Testing: New Technology & Application (FENDT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fendt.2013.6635543.

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Maslov, Konstantin, Hao F. Zhang, and Lihong V. Wang. "Photoacoustic generation of focused ultrasonic pulses with predefined temporal profiles including quasi-unipolar pressure pulses." In Biomedical Optics (BiOS) 2008, edited by Alexander A. Oraevsky and Lihong V. Wang. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.763972.

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Reports on the topic "Ultrasonic pulses"

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Duncan, M. G. Precision pulse-timing instrumentation for ultrasonic nondestructive testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6762029.

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Watanabe, Hiroshi, and Walter J. Jr Rossiter. Pulse-echo ultrasonic evaluation of the integrity of seams of single-ply roofing membranes:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4424.

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Watanabe, Hiroshi, and Walter J. Jr Rossiter. Pulse-echo ultrasonic evaluation of the integrity of seams of single-ply roofing membranes:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4425.

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Boyd, D. M., and P. D. Sperline. In plant demonstration of high temperature EM pulser and pulsed EMAT receiver: Final report: Experimental development and testing of ultrasonic system for high temperature applications on hot steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6943930.

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Alexander, A. Michael, and Richard W. Haskins. Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Ultrasonic Pulse Echo System for Detecting Microcracks in Concrete. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada347421.

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Roach, Dennis Patrick, Phillip D. Walkington, and Kirk A. Rackow. Pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection system for in-situ nondestructive inspection of Space Shuttle RCC heat shields. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/923155.

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Alexander, Michel, Richard W. Haskins, Robert Cook, Mantu Baishya, and Michael Kelly. Technologies for Improving the Evaluation and Repair of Concrete Bridge Decks: Ultrasonic Pulse Echo and Polymer Injection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada354160.

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