Journal articles: 'ULTRASONIC PRE-TREATMENT'

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Zhang, Guangming, Huanzhi Liu, Panyue Zhang, and Ying Zhang. "Ultrasonic pre-treatment of biosolid." International Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (2008): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbt.2008.017967.

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(Hans) van Leeuwen, J., Beril Akin, Samir Kumar Khanal, Shihwu Sung, David Grewell, and J. (Hans) van Leeuwen. "Ultrasound pre-treatment of waste activated sludge." Water Supply 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.962.

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Waste activated sludge (WAS) is more difficult to digest than primary sludge due to rate limiting cell hydrolysis. High-power ultrasound can effectively disintegrate the bacterial cells and thus enhance the subsequent digestion. This research examines the effectiveness of ultrasound pretreatment on WAS disintegration at different specific energy inputs, ultrasonic densities and total solids (TS) contents. The results show that the cut diameter (d50) for WAS with 2% TS content declined nearly 6.5-fold at an ultrasonic density of 0.67 W/ml. For higher TS contents of 4 and 6%, higher densities of 1.03 and 0.86 W/ml, respectively, were needed to achieve the same degree of particle size reduction. The efficacy of ultrasonic disintegration measured as soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) release was primarily governed by ultrasonic density (W/ml); whereas ultrasonic density did not show a significant effect on protein release at all TS levels. SCOD release of about 320 mg SCOD/g TS was obtained at a TS content of 2% and specific energy input of 5 kWs/gTS. The SCOD release, however, decreased to 160 and 90 mgSCOD/gTS at 4 and 6% TS contents, respectively. The highest protein release of 73 mg/gTS was obtained at a TS content of 2% and specific energy input of 10 kWs/gTS. The sludge disintegration efficiency declined significantly at higher TS content. Thus, there is a limiting TS concentration that could be effectively disintegrated by ultrasound, and this is governed by the capability of an ultrasonic unit in producing cavitation. The degree of disintegration also depends on types of ultrasonic unit used.

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Blume, Torben, and Uwe Neis. "Improved wastewater disinfection by ultrasonic pre-treatment." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 11, no. 5 (July 2004): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4177(03)00156-1.

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Schweitz, Kasper O., Ralf B. Schou-Jensen, and Svend S. Eskildsen. "Ultrasonic pre-treatment for enhanced diamond nucleation." Diamond and Related Materials 5, no. 3-5 (April 1996): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-9635(95)00499-8.

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Tigunova, O. O. "ULTRASONIC DISINTEGRATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE RAW MATERIALS AS A PRE-TREATMENT OF A SUBSTRATE FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF BIOBUTANOL." Biotechnologia Acta 14, no. 5 (October 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.05.049.

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Aim. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of ultrasonic disintegration on the lignocellulosic raw materials (biomass of the non-cereal part of rape) with its subsequent use as a substrate for the production of biobutanol. Methods. Butanol-producing strains and the biomass of the non-cereal part of rape Brassica napus were used in the present study. Ultrasonic disintegration of lignocellulosic raw materials was performed on the specially designed equipment. Results. The effect of ultrasonic disintegration on lignocellulosic raw materials was investigated for further application in biofuel production based on microbiological conversion. The possibility of using the obtained components after the pre-treatment of lignocellulose by ultrasonic disintegration as a substrate for the microbiological synthesis of butanol was shown. The highest accumulation of butanol (2.4 g/l) was obtained with the use of 5% dry matter content in the medium, 5 min treatment and the specific power of ultrasonic disintegration of 0.72 W/ml. Conclusions. The possibility of producer strains of the genus Clostridium to use cellulose in the fermentation process has been shown. When using ultrasonic disintegration for pretreatment of the non-cereal part of the biomass of rape, the accumulation of butanol increased by 3 folds.

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Cao, Liang. "Research on Column Flotation of Sliming Molybdenum Tailings Using Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 628 (September 2014): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.628.354.

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In this paper, for the re-concentration of sliming molybdenum Tailings in Henan Province, a multi-parameter test is carried out using orthogonal method in the column flotation system with the ultrasonic pre-treatment. Two groups’ optimum parameters of ultrasonic pre-treatment are acquired through the analysis of orthogonal test results. In addition,those two groups parameters are selected to verify the test results. Furthermore, the impact of ultrasonic pre-treatment on the floatability of mineral are defined by comparison tests. All the tests show that ultrasonic pre-treatment promotes the flotation of sliming molybdenum tailings..

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Wahab, Izzati Binti Mohamad Abdul, and Yin Fong Yeong. "Effect of Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment Durations on the Formation of Zeolite-T." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.911.

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In the present work, the lengthy synthesis duration of zeolite-T was successfully reduced by inducing the ultrasonic pre-treatment method prior to hydrothermal growth. The effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment durations on the formation of zeolite-T was investigated. The structure and morphology of the resultant samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD and FESEM. As verified by FTIR, samples produced using synthesis durations of 5, 4, 3 and 2 days with ultrasonic pre-treatment durations of 60 min and 90 min, respectively, demonstrated zeolite-T structure. One day synthesis duration was not sufficient for the formation of zeolite-T. From the results obtained by XRD and FESEM, it was found that samples underwent 60 min ultrasonic pre-treatment produced zeolite-T with higher crystallinity, while no significant changes on the morphology of the resultant zeolite-T synthesized using ultrasonic pre-treatment durations of 60 min and 90 min.

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Jin, Xin, Zi Fu Li, Xin Zhao, Lan Lan Xie, and Ting Ting Wang. "Effect of Ultrasound Pre-Treatment on Ultraviolet Disinfection in Controlling Bacterial Photoreactivation." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2369.

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The main objective of the study is to explore how ultrasonic work with ultraviolet, in an attempt to find out the synergistic effect in controlling the phenomenon of microbial photoreactivation, as well as to analyse the feasibility of synergistic disinfection and related theories. Two different frequencies of ultrasonic transducers (28/40kHz)were used in combination with ultraviolet for secondary effluent disinfection. By controlling the process parameters that may contribute to the efficiency of synergistic disinfection, such as different reaction time, respective ultrasonic and ultraviolet dose. The results show that the synergistic disinfection of ultrasonic and ultraviolet can inhibit such a phenomenon, while maintaining continuous disinfection ability of ultraviolet. Ultrasonic has great potential in enhancing continuous sterilization abilities of ultraviolet. Synergistic disinfection has great advantages compared with other disinfection technologies and has a promising prospect in future use.

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Rubanik, Vasili V., Vasili V. Rubanik Jr., Vyacheslav Dorodeiko, and Svetlana Miliukina. "Influence of Ultrasonic Treatment on Shape Memory Effects in Ti-50,4at.%Ni Alloy." Materials Science Forum 738-739 (January 2013): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.738-739.362.

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In the present study we investigate the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the functional properties of Ti 50,4at.%Ni alloy after the processing in free and pre-deformed conditions. It is shown that the shape memory effect and its realization peculiarities depend on the parameters and conditions of ultrasonic influence. Ultrasonic treatment of preliminary deformed TiNi alloy in pre-deforming conditions promotes the reduction of strain restoring at the subsequent heating through the temperature interval of reverse martensite transformation. I. e. some setting of induced strain occurs during the ultrasonic treatment of material in pre-deforming conditions. In the specimens after ultrasonic treatment, it is observed the extension of shape recovery temperature range in the first thermal cycle, as well as the dependence of strain recovery temperature dynamics on the power of ultrasonic influence. Also it is established that ultrasonic treatment helps to increase the shape memory effect.

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Tan, Jiang Yue. "Studies on Pre-Treatment of Wastewater Containing Nitroaromatic Compound by Ultrasonic Cavitation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2213.

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In this paper, ultrasonic cavitation degradation was applied to treat the wastewater containing nitroaromatic compound. The factors influence to treatment effect such as the ultrasonic power and frequency, the wastewater initial pH value, were investigated by experiment. The experimental results showed that air-blasting in ultrasonic cavitation treatment could effectively improve treatment effect. The wastewater（COD:2650 mg•L-1,BOD5:240 mg•L-1，p-nitroaniline：490 mg•L-1，nitrobenzene:100 mg•L-1）was treated by ultrasonic cavitation degradation, the removal rate of p-nitroaniline,nitrobenzene and COD could be reached 91.3%,90.6% and 83.9% respectively after 3h. Biodegradability of the wastewater (B/C ratio ) can be increased to 0.4 , which satisfied the requirement for the subsequent biochemical processes.

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Appels, Lise, Sofie Houtmeyers, Floriaan Van Mechelen, Jan Degrève, Jan Van Impe, and Raf Dewil. "Effects of ultrasonic pre-treatment on sludge characteristics and anaerobic digestion." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 11 (December 1, 2012): 2284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.415.

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In this work, the influence of an ultrasonic pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge is studied. Attention is paid to the solubilisation of the main organic (proteins, carbohydrates) and inorganic (heavy metals) sludge components during ultrasonic treatment and the influence of the dry solids content (DS) on the degree of solubilisation. The second part of the paper focuses on the relationship between the applied specific energy of the ultrasonic treatment and methane production. In general, a higher specific energy and a higher DS content are beneficial for the release of organic matter, resulting in an increased methane production. The efficiency of the subsequent anaerobic digestion is similar for both sludge types (2.1 and 3.2% DS). However, at lower DS contents (2.1%), the methane production increase was more significant.

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Kopparthi, Prasad, S. Balamurugan, and A. K. Mukherjee. "Effect of Ultrasonic Pre-treatment Time on Coal Flotation." International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization 40, no. 12 (December 26, 2017): 807–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2017.1417268.

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Wahid, Khairul Anuar, Irfan Abdul Rahim, Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri, and Ahmad Hamdan Ariffin. "Synthesis of ZnO Nanorods at Very Low Temperatures Using Ultrasonically Pre-Treated Growth Solution." Processes 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2023): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030708.

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This paper investigates how the pre-treatment of the growth solution with ultrasonic energy affects the annealing temperatures and the growth temperatures of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. The ultrasonic pre-treatment of the growth solution resulted in the successful growth of ZnO nanorods at a very low annealing temperature of 40 °C. The size and density of ZnO nanorods were found to increase proportionally with the increasing duration of pre-ultrasonic treatment, as indicated by characterisations performed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). At an annealing temperature of 40 °C, coupled with ultrasonic waves, the SEM results showed that ZnO nanorods’ length and diameter increased by 37 and 25%. A similar pattern was also observed at an annealing temperature of 60 and 80 °C, where the length and diameter of ZnO nanorods increased. In addition, the conductivity and acidity of the aqueous solution that had been sonicated were measured. The results showed that solution conductivity and acidity increased as the ultrasonic treatment continued for longer periods. After 3 min of sonication, the final conductivity and acidity of the solutions were found to be 9164 µS/cm and 6.64, respectively. The results also indicated that the ultrasonic pre-treatment of the growth solution increased the zinc nutrient concentration, which would affect the formation of ZnO nanorods. In addition to the ultrasonic effect, the annealing temperature influenced the active nucleation sites essential to the ZnO nanorods’ expansion.

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S. Almukhtar, Riyadh, Asawer A. Alwasiti, and Mohammed T. Naser. "Enhancement of Biogas production and organic reduction of sludge by different pre-treatment processes." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2012.1.3.

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most common process for dealing with primary and secondary wastewater sludge. In the present work, four pre-treatment methods (ultrasonic, chemical, thermal, and thermo-chemical) are investigated in Al-Rustumya Wastewater Treatment plant in order to find their effect on biogas production and volatile solid removal efficiency during anaerobic digestion.Two frequencies of ultrasonic wave were used 30 KHz and 50 KHz during the pre-treatment. Sodium hydroxide was added in different amounts to give three pH values of 9, 10 and 11 in chemical pre-treating processes. The sludge was heated at 60oC and 80oC through thermal pre-treatment experiment. Also, the sludge was treated thermo-chemically at 80 oC and pH 11 prior to anaerobic digestion. Maximum biogas production (6009 ml) was obtained at ultrasonic pre-treatment method with 30 kHz. The volumetric ratio of produced biogas to the initial volume of sludge is about 4:1.

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Zhang, Lijie, Xuemei Zong, Xiaoming Yuan, and Xiaolei Xing. "Effects of Polyurethane Substrate Pre-Treatment on Pulsed Cathodic Arc Deposited DLC Films." Coatings 10, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060545.

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited by means of pulsed cathodic arc deposition on pretreated polyurethane (PU) rubber substrates. Tetrachloroethylene was chosen as a dissolution method to remove the plasticizer added in the PU substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy were applied to observe and characterize the surface morphologies and compositions of the deposited films, respectively. The tribological behaviours of uncoated and coated rubbers were investigated with ring-on-disc tribo experiments under dry sliding conditions. The coefficients of friction (COFs) of the coated rubbers were 40% lower than those of uncoated rubber and the COFs of different samples decreased first and then increased slightly with the increase in temperature and the time of ultrasonic treatment under dry friction. Based on the above experiments, ultrasonic treatment with tetrachloroethylene contributes to the increase in the wear resistance of DLC films deposited on PU rubbers. The most suitable temperature and time of ultrasonic treatment with tetrachloroethylene is 50 °C for 15 min.

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Zhang, Dong, Xiaoshuai Li, Shuting Jia, Lingling Dai, Jianfu Zhao, Yinguang Chen, and Xiaohu Dai. "A review: factors affecting excess sludge anaerobic digestion for volatile fatty acids production." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 5 (June 2, 2015): 678–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.280.

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This paper presents a review of methods that improve the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) from excess sludge during the anaerobic digestion process. These methods are mainly divided into two approaches. The first approach is located in the pre-treatment methods, which change the properties of the substrates, such as thermal pre-treatment, alkaline pre-treatment, microwave pre-treatment and ultrasonic pre-treatment. The other approach is found in the fermentation process control methods, which influence the environment of anaerobic digestion for the production of VFA, such as pH, temperature, mixing, additives and solids retention time control. In the text recent research studies of each method are listed and analyzed in detail. Comparably, microwave and ultrasonic pre-treatment methods are considered emerging and promising technologies due to their efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, the microwave pre-treatment has high electricity demand, which might make the process economically unfeasible. In order to calculate optimal operation, further studies still need to be done.

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Kang, Wenze, and Huijian Li. "Enhancement of flaky graphite cleaning by ultrasonic treatment." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 12 (December 2019): 191160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191160.

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In this study, the aim is to simplify the graphite cleaning process. In order to achieve flotation for graphite effectively, ultrasonic treatment was used as a pre-treatment technique. Flotation tests were conducted using different ultrasound power and ultrasonic treatment time. The influences of ultrasonic treatment on particle sizes, morphologies, wettability, the content of surface elements and on the flotation effect of flaky graphite were investigated. The results of ultrasonic treatment for graphite flotation were compared with the results of conventional flotation. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment not only changed the size of flaky graphite, but also eliminated impurities on the graphite surface. Additionally, the ultrasonic treatment improved the hydrophobicity of graphite. It was observed that ultrasound can remove not only silicate impurities but also most other metal impurities. The yield, carbon content and recovery of flotation concentrate were 91.46%, 95.17% and 96.12% after ultrasonic treatment for 4 min with ultrasound power 1600 W, which were 5.83%, 2.86% and 8.84% higher than that of conventional flotation, respectively. The graphite after ultrasonic treatment was conducted only one times flotation, the carbon content in concentrate products had reached 95%. This study indicates that intensifying graphite flotation by ultrasonic treatment can shorten the graphite cleaning process.

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Yeong, Yin Fong, S. Antikira Novichaka, Li Sze Lai, Kok Keong Lau, and Mohd Shariff Azmi. "Investigation of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on the Synthesis of Zeolite-T and its CO₂ Adsorption Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 970 (June 2014): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.970.35.

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In the present work, ultrasonic pretreatment method was firstly introduced in synthesizing of zeolite-T. The effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment on the synthesis duration was investigated. The structure and morphology of the resulting zeolite-T were characterized using several analytical tools such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The CO2adsorption characteristic of the resulting zeolite-T was determined using CO2physisorption analyzer. Results showed that by introducing ultrasonic pre-treatment, the crystallization time was reduced from 7 days to 3 days, without affecting the structure, morphology and CO2adsorption capacity of the resulting zeolite-T.

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Filibeli, Ayse, Gulbin Erden, and Cimen Gunduz. "ULTRASONIC PRE-TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER SLUDGE FROM A MEAT PROCESSING INDUSTRY." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 35, no. 3 (September 2018): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20180353s20170156.

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Alfonso-Muniozguren, Pello, Cristian Ferreiro, Elodie Richard, Madeleine Bussemaker, José Ignacio Lombraña, and Judy Lee. "Analysis of ultrasonic pre-treatment for the ozonation of humic acids." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 71 (March 2021): 105359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105359.

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Chu, C. "“Weak” ultrasonic pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of flocculated activated biosolids." Water Research 36, no. 11 (June 2002): 2681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00515-2.

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Liao, Youpeng, Guanfei Zhao, Bo Feng, Huashan Yan, Hongqiang Wu, Wenying Hu, Dongmei Zhu, and Tingsheng Qiu. "Application of ultrasonic pre-treatment for flotation separation pyrrhotite from chlorite." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 669 (July 2023): 131507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131507.

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Karlović, Sven, Filip Dujmić, Suzana Rimac Brnčić, Marija Badanjak Sabolović, Antonela Ninčević Grassino, Marko Škegro, Marko Adrian Šimić, and Mladen Brnčić. "Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Ultrasonic Pre-Treatment for Drying of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata)." Processes 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020469.

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Innovations in food drying processes are usually aimed at reducing drying time and improving the overall properties of dried products. These are important issues from an economic and environmental point of view and can contribute to the sustainability of the whole process. In this study, the effects of ultrasonic treatment on the drying kinetics of pumpkin pulp are investigated, and mathematical models to predict the drying kinetics are analyzed and optimized. The results show that ultrasonic pretreatment significantly reduces drying time from 451 to 268 min, with optimal processing parameters at 90% of the maximum ultrasonic power and a processing time of 45 min. The total color change of the samples was the lowest at the obtained optimal processing parameters. Based on the values (RMSE and R2) of the investigated mathematical drying models, it was found that the Weibull model is the best fit for the experimental data and is considered suitable for the drying kinetics of ultrasonically pretreated pumpkin samples. In this study, an artificial neural network with 15 neurons in hidden layers was also used to model the drying process in combination with ultrasound pretreatment. The network had a performance of 0.999987 and the mean square error was 8.03 × 10−5, showing how artificial neural networks can successfully predict the effects of all tested process variables on the drying time/moisture ratio.

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Jing-dongYang and Shou-hong Ji. "Study on cooperative treatment of natural gas pipeline cleaning wastewater and membrane module." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1011, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1011/1/012025.

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Abstract Membrane module and pigging wastewater are common pollutants in natural gas transmission process. The treatment of these pollutants is difficult. In this paper, ultrasonic (US), persulfate (PS) and ultrasonic coupled persulfate were used to degrade organic matter in natural gas cleaning wastewater. The effects of pH, initial PS concentration, ultrasonic power, PS dosing batch and other factors on chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation efficiency of pigging wastewater were investigated. The experimental results show that the optimal treatment effect can be obtained when the dosage of sodium PS is 80g/L, pH=4, the dosing number is 5, and the ultrasonic power is 840 W. After 6 h of reaction, the removal rate of COD can reach 80.08 %. Considering the synergistic treatment of the ultrasonic coupling PS on the solid-liquid pollutant, we adjust the ultrasonic power to 55W (frequency is 40kHz), pH=4.5, dosing twice (total dosage 150mg/L), and the final COD concentration below 100mg/L. However, when pre-ultrasonic activated persulfate in clear water, COD removal rate can reach 95.35 %, which can meet the effluent requirements.

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Liu, Hongbo, Xingkang Wang, Song Qin, Wenjia Lai, Xin Yang, Suyun Xu, and Eric Lichtfouse. "Comprehensive role of thermal combined ultrasonic pre-treatment in sewage sludge disposal." Science of The Total Environment 789 (October 2021): 147862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147862.

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Loranger, E., A. Charles, and C. Daneault. "Effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment of thermomechanical pulp on hydrogen peroxide bleaching." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 42 (December 10, 2012): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/42/1/012018.

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Gong, Chang Xiu, and Jian Guo Jiang. "Ultrasound Coupled with Fenton Oxidation Pre-Treatment of Sludge to Release Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.506.

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We focused on the effects of ultrasound and Fenton reagent in ultrasonic coupling Fenton oxidation (U+F) pre-treatment processes on the disintegration of wastewater treatment plant sludge. The results demonstrated that U+F treatment could significantly increase SCOD, TOC, total N, proteins, total P and PO43- concentrations in sludge supernatant. This method was more effective than ultrasonic (U) or Fenton oxidation (F) treatment alone. U+F treatment increased the SCOD by 2.1-and 1.4-fold compared with U and F alone, respectively. U+F treatment increased the total N and P by 1.7-and 2.2-fold, respectively, compared with F alone. This demonstrated that U+F treatment induces disintegration of sludge and release of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus better.

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Khramtsova, Aleksandra P., Valery Yu Prokof’ev, Natalya E. Gordina, Darya S. Cherednikova, and Ekaterina M. Konstantinova. "THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF MIXTURE BASED ON METAKAOLIN FOR LTA ZEOLITE SYNTHE-SIS: EFFECT OF ULTRASONIC TREATMENT." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196202.5702.

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A study of the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the kinetics of solid-phase interaction of metakaolin with the sodium hydroxide was performed. Reflections corresponding to the zeolite LTA were observed on X-ray patterns according to phase analysis before calcination at 500 °C for the sample without pre-treatment. The appearance of a new phase of sodium alumosilicate (Na6Al4Si4O17) was observed with increasing temperature to 700 °C. The reflections of sodium aluminosilicate (Na8Al4Si4O18) and nepheline were detected on the X-ray pattern when the temperature calcination 800 °C besides to the characteristic reflections of the zeolite. Aluminosilicates were obtained by recrystallization of the zeolite partisles. Also the process was accompanied by metakaolin decomposition in silica and mullite. Reflections corresponding to the zeolite was not discovered at 900 °C. According to the X-ray analysis, it was found that ultrasonic treatment has no effect on the phase composition of the samples. Based on these data, it was determined the temperature range (500-800 °C). There was recrystallization of zeolite in aluminosilicates for this temperature range. According to the thermal analysis, especially the data of mass loss in a given temperature interval, the exact temperature ranges were established for each heating rate of the samples without pre-treatment and the samples after ultrasonic treatment. The Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method was selected as an isoconversional analysis. The monotonous growth of apparent activation energy was found in all range of conversion degrees after ultrasonic treatment. This allows smoothing the change in the transitional regime (up to 200 kJ / mol) to kinetic one. The apparent activation energy for the sample without ultrasonic treatment gone approximately at one level (350 kJ/mol) upon reaching the conversion degree of 0.5-0.6. The apparent activation energy increases after ultrasonic treatment from 350 to 450 kJ/mol upon reaching the conversion degree above 0.9.

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Neczaj, E., and M. Kacprzak. "Ultrasound as a pre-oxidation for biological landfill leachate treatment." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 12 (June 1, 2007): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.406.

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In this study, the effects of low energy ultrasound irradiation on landfill leachate treatment by means of sequencing bath reactor were investigated. The aim of this work was to estimate the influence of leachate irradiation time on aerobic treatment efficiency. The sonification of the leachate was carried out in static conditions using the disintegrator UD-20. The field frequency of 22 kHz (the power output equals to 180 W) and amplitude of 12 μm was applied. The sonification time was changed in the range of 30–140 s. It was found that ultrasonic pretreatment enhances the subsequent aerobic digestion resulting in a better degradation of landfill leachate. The sonification of raw leachate leads to enhancement of COD and ammonia removal as compare to experiment without ultrasound.

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Opalić, M., Z. Domitran, D. Komes, A. Belščak, D. Horžić, and D. Karlović. "The Effect of Ultrasound Pre-Treatment and Air-Drying on the Quality of Dried Apples." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (June 24, 2009): S297—S300. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/606-cjfs.

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In order to develop environmentally sound, energy inexpensive and well scalable drying techniques that maintain high quality of dried fruit, optimisation of integrated process (ultrasound and air-drying) in the production of dried apples was conducted. Selected quality parameters of fresh and dried apples (variety Goldparmâne) resulting from different duration of ultrasonic pre-treatment and air-drying were compared. Sugars were determined spectrophotometrically using an enzymatic method. Content of total phenols and flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically with the Folin-Ciocalteau assay, while the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by using ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power) assays. Sensory properties of dried apples were investigated according to the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. In combination with the same air-drying conditions, prolonged ultrasound pre-treatment led to a decrease in total phenols and flavonoids, as well as in the antioxidant capacity of dried apples. Difference in drying time had no significant effect on the content of total phenols and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant capacity. The sample dried without the ultrasound pre-treatment was evaluated as the most sensory acceptable. The content of glucose and fructose correlated well with total phenols and flavonoids, as well as with antioxidant capacity of apple samples.

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Будько, О. В., О. О. Бутенко, В. Г. Хоменко, В. С. Твердохліб, В. З. Барсуков, and О. В. Черниш. "ВИКОРИСТАННЯ УЛЬТРАЗВУКУ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОПРОВІДНИХ ПОКРИТТІВ НА ОСНОВІ ВУГЛЕЦЕВИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 148, no. 4 (March 10, 2021): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.4.12.

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Development of the basics of technology for obtaining electrically conductive coatings using ultrasonic dispersion of carbon materials. Methods. The following methods were used in the work: ultrasonic dispersion of materials, optical microscopy, four-electrode method of measuring the electrical conductivity of coatings. The shielding effectiveness of materials was performed following ASTM D4935. The research results were processed using computer programs Microsoft office Excel and ImageJ. Results. The ultrasound treatment of carbon materials with a high specific surface area was performed. The influence of ultrasonic treatment on the efficiency of dispersion of carbon black in ethanol was established. The parameters of the process of destruction of natural graphite particles under the action of ultrasonic treatment are determined. The mechanism of structure formation into the composite material after ultrasonic treatment was proposed. The process of forming a spatial electrically conductive grid in a suspension by dispersed carbon black was established. It was shown that the use of ultrasonic treatment in the production of electromagnetic shielding materials allows to obtain oriented particles of the carbon component in the polymer matrix of the carrier and to get samples with high surface conductivity and shielding efficiency. Scientific novelty. The influence of ultrasonic treatment of carbon materials on the fabrication process, structure, and properties of shielding materials was established. Practical significance. The basics of the technology of the manufacturing process of shielding materials based on carbon materials pre-dispersed using ultrasonic treatment were developed. The optimal parameters of ultrasonic treatment of carbon materials for manufacturing shielding materials were substantiated.

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Liu, Wei, Du Shu Huang, Na Wu, Ju Cheng Zhang, Ping Yi, and Jin Yang. "Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Saussurea Costus by Ultrasonic Extraction and Solid-Phase Microextraction Method." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 1947–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.1947.

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Ultrasonic extraction and purification using solid-phase microextraction column for the determination of 7 types of organochlorine pesticides including α, β, γ, δ-BHC, 2,4 '-DDT, 4,4'-DDT and heptachlor from the Saussrrea cotus were investigated in this study. The pretreatment of Saussrrea cotus samples, the effect of different ultrasonic time on the extraction efficiency and the effect of different ratio of dichloromethane: petroleum ether on purification efficiency were studied. Results show that the satisfactory extraction conditions for pre-treatment process are: 30 minutes ultrasonic treatment; the volume ratio of dichloromethane and petroleum ether mixture is 3:7.

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Wong, Yi Hang, Eamon Marcus T.-Z. Chew, Pey Yi Toh, and Lee Muei Chng. "Evaluation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Cellulose Production." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 945, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012021.

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Abstract Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) with a cellulose content of 39 wt% is a good promise to be an alternative lignocellulosic feedstock for cellulose production through environmentally friendly extraction process. Therefore, this research was aimed to establish an effective cellulose extraction scheme from OPEFB via introduction of ultrasonication in the alkaline pulping stage for process intensification. The process could greatly reduce alkali solvent usage for cellulose extraction, hence alleviating the environmental impact caused by chemical disposal. Firstly, four distinct pre-treatment techniques had been used to pre-treat the OPEFB powder, namely autoclave, organosolv, acid and microwave pre-treatments. Afterwards, the pre-treated samples further underwent ultrasonic-assisted alkali extraction to extract the cellulose content. It was observed that the autoclave pre-treated ultrasonic extract achieved the highest cellulose content of 77.14 wt% at optimum KOH concentration of 0.75 M, ultrasonic amplitude of 30%, duration of 30 min and temperature of 80 °C. Therefore, the introduction of ultrasonication in alkali extraction of cellulose was indeed an effective approach in establishing a green production scheme of cellulose from lignocellulose.

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Shu, Kaiqian, Longhua Xu, Houqin Wu, Shuai Fang, Zhoujie Wang, Yanbo Xu, and Zhenyue Zhang. "Effects of ultrasonic pre-treatment on the flotation of ilmenite and collector adsorption." Minerals Engineering 137 (June 2019): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.04.001.

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Zheng, Mingyue, Xiaohui Zhang, Peng Lu, Qiguang Cao, Yuan Yuan, Mingxing Yue, Yiwei Fu, and Libin Wu. "Response surface methodology for the optimization of sludge solubilization by ultrasonic pre-treatment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 113 (February 2018): 012177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/113/1/012177.

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Mao, Huazhen, Yong Chi, Fei Wang, Feiyan Mao, Fenglin Liang, Shengyong Lu, and Kefa Cen. "Effect of Ultrasonic Pre-treatment on Dewaterability and Moisture Distribution in Sewage Sludge." Waste and Biomass Valorization 9, no. 2 (January 2, 2017): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9799-3.

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Erden, G., and A. Filibeli. "Ultrasonic pre-treatment of biological sludge: consequences for disintegration, anaerobic biodegradability, and filterability." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 85, no. 1 (January 2010): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2298.

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Amirhossein, Mahvi, Roodbari Aliakbar, Nabizadeh Nodehi Ramin, Naseri Simin, Dehghani Mohammadhadii, and Alimohammadi Mahmood. "Improvement of Landfill Leachate Biodegradability with Ultrasonic Process." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 2 (2012): 766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/820971.

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Leachate from mature landfills is typically characterized by high ammonium (NH4+) content, low biodegradability (low BOD5/COD ratio) and high fraction of refractory and large organic molecules such as humic and fulvic acids. Mature leachate effluents are known to contain recalcitrant and/or non-biodegradable organic substances and biological processes are not efficient in these cases. A promising alternative to complete oxidation of biorecalcitrant leachate is the use of ultrasonic process as pre-treatment to convert initially biorecalcitrant compounds to more readily biodegradable intermediates, followed by biological oxidation of these intermediates to biomass and water. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of son catalysts process on biodegradability improvement. Results showed that when applied as relatively brief pre-treatment systems, the sonocatalysis processes induce several modifications of the matrix, which results in significant enhancement of its biodegradability. For this reason, the integrated chemical–biological systems proposed here represent a suitable solution for the treatment of landfill leachate samples with an efficient remediation of the relevant parameters (COD, TOC).

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Eitzen, Lars, Aki Sebastian Ruhl, and Martin Jekel. "Particle Size and Pre-Treatment Effects on Polystyrene Microplastic Settlement in Water: Implications for Environmental Behavior and Ecotoxicological Tests." Water 12, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 3436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123436.

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Microplastic (MP) particle dispersions used in many recent publications covering adsorption or toxicological studies are not characterized very well. The size distribution of polydisperse dispersions is highly dependent on the agglomeration processes and influences experimental outcomes. Therefore, pre-treatment is a prerequisite for reproducibility. In this study, manual/automated shaking and ultrasonic treatment as different mechanical dispersion techniques were applied for the dispersion of cryomilled polystyrene (PS). Particle numbers and size distribution of dispersions were analyzed by a light extinction particle counter and the dispersion efficiency (ED) as the ratio between calculated volume and theoretical volume of suspended particles was used to compare techniques. PS dispersions (20 mg/L) treated for 90 min in an ultrasonic bath (120 W, 35 kHz) were evenly dispersed with a particle concentration of 140,000 particles/mL and a high reproducibility (rel. SD = 2.1%, n = 6). Automated horizontal shaking for 754 h (250 rpm) reached similar particle numbers (122,000/mL) but with a lower reproducibility (rel. SD = 9.1%, n = 6). Manual shaking by hand dispersed the lowest number of particles (55,000/mL) and was therefore found to be unsuitable to counteract homo-agglomeration. ED was calculated as 127%, 104% and 69% for ultrasonic treatment, horizontal shaking and manual shaking, respectively, showing an overestimation of volume assuming spherical shaped particles.

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Siahaan, I. N. J., A. E. Saputra, and E. F. Karamah. "The effects of Ozonation and ultrasonic cavitation on batik wastewater treatment with coagulation-flocculation as pre-treatment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1173, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1173/1/012016.

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Wahid, Radziah, Maycoll Romero-Guiza, Verónica Moset, Henrik Bjarne Møller, and Belén Fernández. "Improved anaerobic biodegradability of wheat straw, solid cattle manure and solid slaughterhouse by alkali, ultrasonic and alkali-ultrasonic pre-treatment." Environmental Technology 41, no. 8 (September 7, 2018): 997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1516802.

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Wei, Na. "Effect of Ultrasonic Pretreatment for the Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 531 (June 2012): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.531.528.

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Anaerobic digestion is an economic and environmentally friendly technology for treating the biomass material-sewage sludge, but has some limitations, such as the low efficient biogass production. In this paper ultrasound was proposed as pre-treatment for effective sludge anaerobic digestion. Sludge anaerobic digestion experiments with ultrasonic pretreatment was investigated. It can be seen that this treatment effectively leaded to the increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD) and volatile fatty acids(VFA)concentration. High concentration of VFA leaded to a increase in biogas production. Besides, the SV of sludge was reduced and the settling characteristics of sludge was improved after ultrasonic pretreatment. It can be concluded that sludge anaerobic digestion with ultrasonic pretreatment is an effective method for biomass material transformation.

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Taha, Ruaa O., and Farah Ali Mohammed. "Influence of ultrasonic pre-treatment on Pyrolysis and Combustion of Sewage Sludge by TG." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1879, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 022072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1879/2/022072.

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Tang, Chi, and David C. Ingram. "The effect of ultrasonic pre‐treatment on nucleation density of chemical vapor deposition diamond." Journal of Applied Physics 78, no. 9 (November 1995): 5745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359636.

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Jin, Xin, Zifu Li, Lanlan Xie, Yuan Zhao, and Tingting Wang. "Synergistic effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment combined with UV irradiation for secondary effluent disinfection." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 20, no. 6 (November 2013): 1384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.03.010.

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Koh, Li Ling A., Hanh Thi Hong Nguyen, Jayani Chandrapala, Bogdan Zisu, Muthupandian Ashokkumar, and Sandra E. Kentish. "The use of ultrasonic feed pre-treatment to reduce membrane fouling in whey ultrafiltration." Journal of Membrane Science 453 (March 2014): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.11.006.

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Zengin, Gulsum Emel, Ilke Pala-Ozkok, Didem Okutman Tas, Çigdem Yangin-Gomec, Mahmut Altinbas, and Emine Cokgor. "Impact of ultrasonic pre-treatment on domestic sludge digestion performance and microbial community dynamics." Environmental Technology 41, no. 7 (September 10, 2018): 931–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1515264.

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Hakata, Yoko, Felicity Roddick, and Linhua Fan. "Impact of ultrasonic pre-treatment on the microfiltration of a biologically treated municipal effluent." Desalination 283 (December 2011): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.032.

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Zhang, Hai, Dongpo Wang, Liqian Xia, Zhenyu Lei, and Yizhe Li. "Effects of ultrasonic impact treatment on pre-fatigue loaded high-strength steel welded joints." International Journal of Fatigue 80 (November 2015): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.06.017.

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Kimmel, Tobias, Christian Kunkel, Maryam Ait Sghir, Kevin Pauels, and Arnd Kessler. "Effect of the pre-treatment of stains with ultrasound in household laundry cleaning." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 59, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2021-2400.

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Abstract The effect of three handheld ultrasonic devices for the pretreatment of stains on textiles was evaluated under household conditions. Twenty soiled textiles were treated and the mean increase of lightness ΔL* of the soiled textiles was used as a measure for the cleaning effect. It was shown that the combination of a pretreatment and a washing cycle at 20 °C yields a higher mean increase of lightness, ΔL* = 19.5, compared to a 40 °C washing cycle without pretreatment, ΔL* = 15.3. The effect is most pronounced for mixtures consisting of oily soils with pigments, ΔL* = 25.1. During the pretreatment, the soil was soaked in a detergent solution and the effect of soaking was measured separately.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ULTRASONIC PRE-TREATMENT'

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