Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ultrasonic non-Destructive evaluation (UNDE)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Ultrasonic non-Destructive evaluation (UNDE)'

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Published: 25 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Ultrasonic non-Destructive evaluation (UNDE)"

1

Tan, Junyang, Dan Xia, Shiyun Dong, Honghao Zhu, and Binshi Xu. "Multivariate non-destructive evaluation for tensile strength of steel based on neural network." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 63, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2021.63.7.427.

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Tensile strength (TS) is an important mechanical property of a material. The conventional mechanical measurement method destroys the object under investigation; hence, the non-destructive evaluation of tensile strength of materials has become a research hotspot in recent years. Currently, there are some accuracy problems associated with evaluating the tensile strength of materials on the basis of single non-destructive testing (NDT) methods such as ultrasonic or electromagnetic methods. In this study, 45 steel is used as an example to study various non-destructive testing methods. First, seven different heat treatment systems are used to prepare standard specimens with different tensile strengths, which are measured by tensile tests. Second, non-destructive testing signals for each specimen are obtained as ultrasonic signals, magnetic Barkhausen noise and magnetic hysteresis signals, and the characteristic parameters of the signals are extracted. Then, single-parameter non-destructive evaluation (SNE) models of tensile strength with three different non-destructive testing methods are developed. Furthermore, a multivariate non-destructive evaluation (MNE) method based on ultrasonic signals, magnetic Barkhausen noise and magnetic hysteresis is proposed to improve the accuracy of the tensile strength measurements obtained from non-destructive testing. A deep residual network (ResNet) is used to combine the features of the three non-destructive testing parameters and an MNE model of tensile strength is developed. Moreover, a data pretreatment method based on the fuzzy mapping relationship is applied to train the MNE model successfully and enhance the stability, accuracy and reliability of the obtained results. Finally, the accuracies of the above four tensile strength evaluation models are confirmed by verification using the specimens. The results show that the MNE model has higher accuracy than the SNE models.
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Oh, Se-Beom, Jongbeom Kim, Soon-Woo Han, Kyung-Mo Kim, Dong-Seok Yun, and Dong-Wook Kim. "Analysis of Platen Superheater Tube Degradation in Thermal Power Plants via Destructive/Non-Destructive Characteristic Evaluation." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020581.

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Coal-fired power plants operating under Korea’s standard supercritical pressure operate in a high-temperature environment, with steam temperatures reaching 540 °C. A standard coal-fired power plant has a 30-year design life, and lifespan diagnosis is performed on facilities that have operated for more than 100,000 h or 20 years. Visual inspection, thickness measurements, and hardness measurements in the field are used to assess the degree of material degradation at the time of diagnosis. In this study, aging degradation was assessed using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to measure the change in transverse ultrasonic propagation speed, and the results were compared to microstructural analysis and tensile test results. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the boiler tube exposed to a high-temperature environment during long-term boiler operation was degraded and damaged, the ultrasonic wave velocity was reduced, and the microstructural grains were coarsened. It was also confirmed through tensile testing that the tensile and yield strengths increased with degradation. Our findings prove that the degree of change in mechanical properties as a function of the material’s degradation state is proportional to the change in ultrasonic wave velocity.
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Aoujdad, Khalid, Mounsif Ech-Cherif El-Kettani, Damien Leduc, and Pierre Marechal. "Determination of ageing indicators on glass-fiber polyester composite skins using Lamb guided waves." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2904, no. 1 (November 1, 2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2904/1/012007.

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Abstract This paper investigates the structural integrity of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites used in offshore wind turbine blades. Samples of two thicknesses (4-plies and 6-plies) undergo accelerated ageing inside tanks full of seawater of salinity 28-30% heated at 40°C, whereas non-aged samples remain as a reference. Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (UNDE) using Lamb guided waves is applied to assess the behaviour of samples in those conditions based on ageing indicators investigation. The findings indicate a trend toward an increase in wavenumber and a decrease in phase velocity of Lamb waves modes for aged samples, which suggests a decrease in mechanical properties over time. Furthermore, this disparity becomes noticeably more evident with longer ageing times.
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4

Kowalewski, Zbigniew L., Sławomir Mackiewicz, and Jacek Szelażek. "Destructive and Ultrasonic Investigations of Damage Development in Metallic Materials." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.229.

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Damage development due to creep under uniaxial tension at elevated temperatures is assessed using destructive and non-destructive methods in steels, commonly used in power plants or chemical industry, and in aluminium alloy used in aircrafts for responsible elements. The results obtained using two different destructive methods for assessments of damage development are critically discussed. In the first method the specimens of steel after different amounts of creep prestraining were stretched up to failure and variations of the selected tension parameters were taken into account for damage identification. In the second one, a damage degree was evaluated by studying variations of an initial yield locus position in the stress space and by determination of the yield loci dimensions. The ultrasonic investigations were selected as the non-destructive method for damage development evaluation.
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5

Kessie, Ezouwè, Irina Pachoukova, and Abalo P’kla. "Evaluation of the Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Gneiss from Southern Togo from Non-Destructive Tests." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 8 (August 23, 2023): 663–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230886.

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The mechanical and physical characteristics of rocks hold significant importance across various realms of research and engineering, particularly in the field of Civil Engineering. The utilization of rocks as construction materials hinges on several of their mechanical traits (Los Angeles, Micro Deval under water presence, Young's Modulus, Compression Strength) as well as physical attributes (homogeneity, porosity, etc.). Tests for determining certain of these characteristics are expensive, challenging, and time-consuming. Among these attributes, mention can be made of determining compression strength, which necessitates substantial equipment for proper sample preparation. This renders the process very costly, laborious, and leads to the complete destruction of samples during experimental measurements. Our objective in this study is to assess the uniaxial compression strength of gneiss from southern Togo using non-destructive testing. This would help mitigate the relatively high costs associated with this test. To address this issue, the development of new methods for determining this test using non-destructive testing approaches is necessary. Among the most commonly used reference techniques for characterizing materials and determining their physical and mechanical properties are non-destructive evaluation techniques based on ultrasonic wave propagation and rebound hammer testing. The adopted methodological approach involves the collection of rock samples (amphibole and biotite gneiss) from 33 sites in southern Togo, their proper sampling, and the execution of various tests on the obtained samples. The obtained results have facilitated the examination of several approaches, notably the ANFIS model (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) and the MLR model (Multiple Linear Regression), for predicting the uniaxial compression strength value based on the sclerometer index and the ultrasonic wave propagation velocity (in parallel or perpendicular orientation to the foliations). It emerges from the ANFIS model, combining ultrasonic waves in the perpendicular orientation to the foliations and the sclerometer index, that the uniaxial compression strength can be predicted with an R² of 0.9884, an RMSE of 2.9271, a MAPE of 1.160, and a VAF of 98.83. In comparison, the MLR model yields an R² of 0.9832, an RMSE of 3.686, a MAPE of 1.402, and a VAF of 98.22. The derived ANFIS models can be utilized to estimate the uniaxial compression strength of gneiss in Togo and beyond. Keywords: Gneiss, Non-destructive Testing, Sclerometer Index, Ultrasonic, Compression Strength.
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6

Bělský, Petr, and Martin Kadlec. "Non-destructive Methods for Damage Assessment of Composite Sandwich Structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818801008.

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Sandwich structures are capable of absorbing large amounts of energy under impact loads which results in high structural crashworthiness. Comparison of detection capabilities of selected C-scan NDT methods applicable for inspections of sandwich structures was performed using water-squirt, air-coupled and pitch-catch ultrasonic techniques, supplemented by laser shearography. Test results have shown that water-squirt and pitch-catch techniques are the most suitable methods for the core damage evaluation. Air-coupled method showed lower sensitive for detection of some artificial defects and impact damages in honeycomb sandwiches when unfocused transducers were used. The combination of the presented methods was able to reveal most of the defects.
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Pirinu, Alessandra, and Francesco Panella. "Fatigue Damage Monitoring of CFRP Elements by Thermographic Procedure under Bending Loads." Key Engineering Materials 873 (January 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.873.47.

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For structural health of mechanical structures, non-destructive detection and material defect characterization represent the main useful tools for mechanical decay prediction caused by local composite damage phenomena. In this work, internal delamination due to alternate bending were characterized in flat specimens, performing fatigue and static tests, coupled with thermographic, optical, and ultrasonic analysis for damage detection and evolution purposes. Damage to rupture behavior of CFRP material through mechanical tensile tests is performed on several samples and non-destructive inspection procedures are optimized during successive HCF tests to detect in real time local compliance variations and damage initiation. Thermographic continuous monitoring and occasional ultrasonic analysis are implemented to analyze composite anomalies during fatigue life and to elaborate a procedure for identification of delamination induced damage before failure. IRT and UT results are computed with MATLAB analysis for damage evaluation with strain and compliance data acquired during tests.
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Cherepetskaya, Elena B., Alexander A. Karabutov, Elena A. Mironova, Natalia B. Podymova, and Alexey N. Zharinov. "Contact Laser-Ultrasonic Evaluation of Residual Stress." Applied Mechanics and Materials 843 (July 2016): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.843.118.

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Investigation of residual stresses in an infrastructure is important due to the reason of safety. One of the most important problems is non-destructive testing of residual stresses particularly in welded constructions. A quite lot of technologies are used to solve this problem. Ultrasonic testing is based on the dependence of the velocity of ultrasonic waves on the stress value within a material under study. This technology is robust, operative and can be used in field conditions. The main problem is to measure the velocity of ultrasonic waves with high precision at a short trace. The proposed technique of the Contact Laser-Ultrasonic Evaluation (CLUE) is used in our work to overcome this difficulty. The variation of the results of the measurement of the ultrasonic wave velocity using CLUE does not exceed 0.05% and provides the threshold of the detection of the residual stress in steel at the level of 2-3 MPa. Basics of CLUE and some experimental cases of the study of the uniaxial stress in compressed and tensioned rail steel specimens are described. The advantages and disadvantages of CLUE for the stress measurement are discussed.
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Zeng, YK, SY Qiu, FH Li, and J. Chen. "Subsurface defect detection of high-temperatured components with laser induced surface wave." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2822, no. 1 (September 1, 2024): 012128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2822/1/012128.

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Abstract Subsurface defects are detrimental to the safety and integrity of critical components in various fields, particularly for those used in high-temperature environments. For this reason, a reliable non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method for in-situ inspection of subsurface defects of high-temperatured components is highly desired. Laser ultrasonic technique offers a promising potential to accommodate the demands in virtue of non-contact generation and detection of ultrasonic waves. In this work, laser ultrasosnic inspection of subsurface defects in high-temperatured components is proposed, which exploits the modal conversion of surface longitudinal wave to Rayleigh wave. The modal conversion was firstly investigated with finite element simulation, from which the phenomenon of modal conversion can be readily identified. Thereafter, an experimental setup is built to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed method. Notably, a delay-and-sum method based on a scanning procedure is conducted to coherently increase the detection sensitivity of subsurface defects, since the surface longitudinal wave rapidly vanishes with propagation distance., and the temperature-dependant velocity variation can be adaptively compensated. This work provides a viable route for in-situ inspection of subsurface defects in high-temperatured components where conventional ultrasonic method fails, and it would find potential applications in broad fields, such as coating quality evaluation in fabrication, bearing assessment under load, and in-situ monitoring for additive manufacturing.
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Alil, Ana, Sanja Martinović, and Tatjana Volkov-Husović. "Non-destructive Evaluation of Cavitation Erosion Behavior of Alumina-based Ceramic Samples." Metallurgical and Materials Data 2, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/mmd31.

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Numerous industrial parts, devices, and processes are designed to withstand the conditions that lead to cavitation erosion. Metallic, ceramic, and composite materials used for these conditions must achieve specific mechanical characteristics required to resist cavitation erosion. When molten metal or alloy flows and comes into contact with refractory material or coated furnace linings, cavitation erosion can occur. This phenomenon is particularly expected in metallurgy, especially in casting operations. Alumina-based refractories, specifically low cement castable (ALCC), are often used in furnace lining applications due to their superior properties, such as high refractoriness, thermal stability, and mechanical characteristics. Mullite is another refractory material frequently used in foundry lining applications. It can be utilized as a coating in casting processes, such as the Lost Foam process, which is a novel method for producing high-quality, cost-effective castings. These two refractory materials were chosen to study their behavior under cavitation conditions. An ultrasonic vibratory test with a stationary specimen (ASTM G-32) was used for experimental cavitation determination. The results of mass loss and surface morphological parameters of degradation revealed that ALCC samples eroded predominantly at the surface, while the mullite samples exhibited more significant degradation by depth.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ultrasonic non-Destructive evaluation (UNDE)"

1

Kaynak, Mehmet. "Non-destructive Testing Of Columns Under Axial Compression Using Tranverse Vibration Technique, And Ultrasonic Approaches." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1260465/index.pdf.

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The level of axial compressive load on an existing column is one of the most important parameters to be known. This thesis aims to investigate current state of the art of NDT techniques, their application, and investigate alternative ways of using current technology to estimate the axial compressive load on columns. For this purpose, transverse vibration technique, ultrasonic pulse velocity method, and waveform and frequency content evaluation of ultrasound are investigated and implemented. Analytical and experimental studies on column transverse vibration frequency and axial load relationship are conducted and presented. The measured experimental lateral vibration frequency of the first bending mode decreased under increased axial compressive load as expected from analytical studies. Relationships between axial load and vibration frequency are derived and defined for different boundary conditions. Relationship charts are prepared for complicated solution sets. Numerical calculations, laboratory and field tests revealed that natural frequencies of slender columns are more sensitive to axial load changes. The available ultrasonic methods are investigated and described. Stress wave propagation in anisotropic solids is studied. Previous works have shown that the propogation velocity of stress waves depends on the density, Poisson&rsquo
s ratio, modulus of elasticity of the medium, and the state of stress. The orientation of the loading direction to the wave propogation direction, the couplant (ultrasonic transmission gel) uniformity, variability in the pressure applied to hold the transducers, alignment of the transmitting and recieving transducers, accuracy and modelling of Poisson&rsquo
s ratio make the ultrasonic testing more complicated.
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2

Aoujdad, Khalid. "Caractérisatiοns ultrasοnοres du vieillissement de pales d’hydroliennes et d’éoliennes en milieu marin. : Cοnfrοntatiοn aux essais mécaniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH24.

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Cette thèse porte sur la caractérisation non destructive par ondes ultrasonores des échantillons représentatifs des pales d’éoliennes offshore, avec confrontation aux tests mécaniques. Les échantillons sont en matériaux composites à base de la résine polyester renforcée par des fibres de verre UD GFRP (Unidirectional Glass Fibers Reinforced Polyester). Ils sont soumis à un vieillissement accéléré dans l’eau de mer chauffée à 40 °C et à 60 °C, afin de simuler le milieu marin et réduire la durée d’étude. L’objectif est de trouver des paramètres acoustiques sensibles au vieillissement permettant d’évaluer l’effet du vieillissement ou de le quantifier. L’analyse par ondes guidées de Lamb a montré une diminution des vitesses de phase des modes et de la vitesse de Rayleigh, ainsi que l’augmentation de l’atténuation dans le matériau, ce qui indique que les propriétés mécaniques des matériaux se dégradent à cause du vieillissement. L’imagerie C-scan montre une dégradation de la résine, entraînant la réorganisation des fibres et la modification de leur alignement. Une modélisation numérique par la méthode des éléments finis de la propagation des ondes guidées dans ces matériaux a montré que les propriétés structurelles et géométriques des matériaux se dégradent à cause du vieillissement. Les paramètres les plus attaquées sont les constantes d’élasticité, ainsi que la masse volumique pour des vieillissement plus forts et plus longs. Enfin, le nombre des plis des renforts dans un échantillons joue un rôle important dans sa résistance au vieillissement
This thesis discusses the ultrasonic non-destructive characterization of representative samples of offshore wind turbine blades. The samples are made of composite materials based on Unidirectional Glass Fibers Reinforced Polyester (UD GFRP). Samples are subjected to accelerated aging in heated seawater at 40°C and 60°C, in order to simulate the marine environment and reduce study times. The aim is to find acoustic parameters sensitive to aging, enabling the effect of aging to be assessed or quantified. Lamb's guided wave analysis showed a decrease in mode phase velocities and Rayleigh velocity, as well as an increase in attenuation in the material, indicating that the mechanical properties of the material are degrading due to aging. C-scan imaging shows degradation of the resin, leading to reorganization of the fibers and changes in their alignment. Finite element numerical modelling of guided wave propagation in these materials has shown that the structural and geometric properties of the materials degrade with age. The parameters most affected are the elasticity constants, as well as the density for stronger and longer aging. Finally, the number of reinforcement plies in a sample plays an important role in its resistance to aging
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Lardner, Timothy. "New algorithms for ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26912.

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The push for more efficient operation of power generation stations has led to the development of advanced alloys designed to cope with the stresses of running at elevated temperatures. The micro-structure of these new alloys makes the inspection process difficult due to large grains that scatter ultrasonic energy. Aerospace components such as aircraft engine turbine blades are made from similar materials and pose the same difficulties for inspection. In addition, the complex geometries of many of these parts hinder the use of existing advanced imaging methodologies. The current inspection process involves using both individual transducers and phased arrays to collect pulse-echo data from structures. This process is not sufficient for such difficult materials and a new process must be devised, tested and deployed. This thesis presents an investigation of new practical techniques to process ultrasonic array data collected via a Full Matrix Capture. Two novel signal processing techniques are presented, evaluated and compared to the Total Focusing Method, which is currently considered as the gold standard in ultrasonic array processing. A study into efficient imaging has also been completed, which involved development of an algorithm to focus upon any point through an arbitrary refracting interface. This algorithm was implemented on a commercially available graphics card and is able to account for a curved interface in real time with no prior knowledge of the surface profile. Spatially Averaged Sub-Aperture Correlation Imaging splits the full matrix of data into a set of sub-apertures which are imaged independently from each other. These images are then combined into two sets and are input to a two-dimensional cross-correlation algorithm that outputs a weighting matrix that can be applied to the sum of all images. Signals that are from legitimate reectors are highly correlated while less-correlated indications are the result of noise from scattering and multi-path propagation. SASACI has been shown to perform well experimentally through inspection of defects within multiple highly scattering welds at a frequency of 5 MHz. Correlation for Adaptively Focused Imaging aims to correct for anisotropy within difficult materials. The longitudinal velocity within a difficult material can vary with position and using an average velocity does not guarantee a well-focused image. For each pixel in an image,CAFI calculates which samples will be used to calculate the amplitude of the pixel before cross-correlating the signals from adjacent array elements and shifting the delay to the point of maximum focus. This methodology is effective when a small area with a known reflector is being imaged, and for this reason the algorithm is suited to characterisation of reflectors. This technique was experimentally validated on a block of Inconel 625 with a number of side-drilled holes.
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Crutzen, Hugues P. S. "Non destructive evaluation of thermal barrier coatings." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323825.

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5

Crosbie, Ross Andrew. "Quantitative non-destructive evaluation using laser generated ultrasonic pulses." Thesis, University of Hull, 1987. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5393.

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The work presented here utilises features of laser generated ultrasound for the detection of defects in solids. Ultrasound is generated noncontactively by this method and likewise many of the detection devices used do not require direct coupling to the test pieces, thus acoustic pulses with high frequency components are able to be produced and monitored on a range of samples. Steel samples coated with between 3 and 7mm of plasma-transferred arc depositions are examined for bond quality via measurements of attenuation caused by porosity in the coatings, found to be related to weld current. Surface breaking cracks, (of depth < 3mm), in such claddings are quantitatively detected by a method which utilises Rayleigh pulses. A two sided automated scanning system is described which examines samples for subsurface defects. Results from the examinations of a dural test piece, plasma sprayed steel bars and carbon fibre composite samples are presented. Resolution of defects is shown to be within 0.5mm for a 1mm thick section of the composite material. A second scanning technique, requiring access to only one sample face, is presented which employs an interferometer for detection and is thus a truly remote system. Laminar flaws are modelled using flat-bottomed holes, the dimensions of which are measured using the resonance of the bodies. A theoretical investigation using various boundary conditions suggests possible applications for quantitative NDE of structures with well defined natural vibration frequencies. The propagation of acoustic transients in plates is also examined. Possible future work concerning laser/ultrasonic NDE is discussed.
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6

Jaafar, Rosly. "Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation of natural rubber latex suspensions." Thesis, Keele University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318988.

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This thesis describes the development of wide bandwidth ultrasonic pulse transmission and pulse echo comparison spectrometer methods to measure the ultrasonic phase velocity and absorption in natural rubber latex. Details of the quantitative design and construction of simple prototype test rigs include the mechanism of: variable path length pulse transmission, variable path length reflected pulse echo, and dual transducers reflected pulse echo. Special signal processing of experimental data, including transducer impulse response correction routines to calculate the acoustical parameters, are outlined. Measurements made using the constructed prototype test rigs are compared with each other and with data available in the pulished literature. A selection of methods to suit varying requirements for acoustical measurements in natural rubber latex samples is made. Calibration curves relating the measured ultrasonic absorption and phase velocity with the dry rubber content (d.r.c.) at temperatures of 20 to 30°C were constructed. Experiments to test the usefulness of these calibration curves were undertaken to determine if there was any deviation from the Standard Laboratory Method. A comparison between the experimental results obtained using the dual transducer reflected pulse method and the simulation of the Allegra and Hawley model with multiple scattering is presented. Good agreement was obtained between the experimental and the theoritical approaches up to 40% d.r.c. The feasibility of the detection of adulterant materials in natural rubber latex concentrates by using an ultrasonic method is discussed. Finally, the dual transducers reflected pulse echo technique is found be an alternative method to determine d.r.c. in natural rubber latex and could be used as a real time monitoring system for liquids and suspensions in a production environment.
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7

Van, Nevel Alan J. "Wavelet based noise removal for ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737876.

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8

Nowers, Oliver David. "Ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation of the austenitic steel welds." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.742983.

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9

Hajzargarbashi, Talieh. "Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Evaluation: Impact Point Prediction and Simulation of Ultrasonic Fields." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203430.

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This work has two parts. The first part of the work (in Chapters II, III, IV and V) presents a method for locating the point of impact using acoustic emission techniques.The second part of the work is modeling the ultrasonic fields generated by one and two spherical cavities placed in front of a point focused acoustic lens using the semi-analytical distributed point source method (DPSM).Acoustic emission (AE) refers to the generation of transient elastic waves during the rapid release of energy from localized sources within a material.In this work the acoustic emission has been used for locating the point of impact on anisotropic and homogeneous or non-homogenous flat plates and cylindrical structures. In these cases the wave speed is a function of the angle of propagation. An optimization function is introduced and minimized to get the location of the impact point.This method has been used on a flat (fiber reinforced polymer) plate. The proposed new objective function reduces the amount of time needed for solving the problem and improves the accuracy of prediction. The method is extended to cylindrical structures for which the objective function is written in cylindrical coordinates and the method is tested on a FRP shell.In Chapter IV an alternative method is introduced called the near-field acoustic emission (AE) beamforming method. It has been used to estimate the source locations by using a small array of sensors closely placed in a local region. To validate the effectiveness of the AE beamforming method a series of experiments on a FRP shell are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can correctly predict the point of impact.The semi-analytical mesh-free technique DPSM is then used to model the ultrasonic field in front of a point focused acoustic lens; anomalies such as cavities are introduced in the medium in front of the acoustic lens and the effect of those cavities are studied. Solution of this problem is necessary to get an idea about when two cavities placed in close proximity can be distinguished by an acoustic lens and when it is not possible.
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10

Cooper, J. A. "Laser-generated ultrasound with applications to non-destructive evaluation." Thesis, University of Hull, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375636.

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Books on the topic "Ultrasonic non-Destructive evaluation (UNDE)"

1

Miller, James G. Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of porous composite materials based on ultrasonic wave propagation. St. Louis, Mo: Washington University, Dept. of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrasonics, 1988.

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Miller, James G. Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of porous composite materials based on ultrasonic wave propagation. St. Louis, Mo: Washington University, Dept. of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrasonics, 1988.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of porous composite materials based on ultrasonic wave propagation: Semiannual progress report, March 15, 1987 - September 14, 1987. St. Louis, Mo: Washington University, Dept. of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrasonics, 1987.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of porous composite materials based on ultrasonic wave propagation: Semiannual progress report, March 15, 1987 - September 14, 1987. St. Louis, Mo: Washington University, Dept. of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrasonics, 1987.

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Miller, James G. Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of composite materials based on ultrasonic wave propagation: Semiannual progress report, March 15, 1986 - September 14, 1986. St. Louis, Mo: Washington University, Dept. of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrasonics, 1986.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of composite materials based on ultrasonic wave propagation: Semiannual progress report, March 15, 1985 - September 15, 1985. St. Louis, Mo: Washington University, Dept. of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrasonics, 1985.

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Center, Langley Research, ed. Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of composite materials based on ultrasonic wave propagation: Semiannual progress report, March 15, 1985 - September 15, 1985. St. Louis, Mo: Washington University, Dept. of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrasonics, 1985.

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Miller, James G. Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of composite materials based on ultrasonic wave propagation: Semiannual progress report March 15, 1985 - September 15, 1985. St. Louis, Mo: Washington University, Laboratory for Ultrasonics, 1985.

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9

Miller, James G. Physical principles of ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation of advanced composites: Semiannual progress report, March 15, 1988 - September 14, 1988. St. Louis, Mo: Washington University, Dept. of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrasonics, 1988.

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10

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, ed. Quantitative non-destructive evaluation of composite materials based on ultrasonic parameters: Semiannual progress report, September 15, 1986 - March 15, 1987. St. Louis, Mo: Washington University, Dept. of Physics, Laboratory for Ultrasonics, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ultrasonic non-Destructive evaluation (UNDE)"

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Arnold, Walter, Klaus Goebbels, and Anish Kumar. "Ultrasonic Non-destructive Materials Characterization." In Non-destructive Materials Characterization and Evaluation, 1–134. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66489-6_1.

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Michaels, Jennifer E. "Ultrasonic Wavefield Imaging." In Handbook of Advanced Non-Destructive Evaluation, 1–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30050-4_18-1.

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Giurgiutiu, Victor, and Bin Lin. "Physical Basis for Ultrasonic Acoustics." In Handbook of Advanced Non-Destructive Evaluation, 1–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30050-4_57-1.

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Valabhoju, Arun, and Suresh Periyannan. "Temperature Monitoring of Pipe Surface Using Ultrasonic-Strip Waveguide Sensor." In Advances in Non-Destructive Evaluation, 177–86. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2604-2_18.

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Gautier, Stéphane, Frédéric Champagnat, and Jérôme Idier. "Deconvolution Applied to Ultrasonic Non-destructive Evaluation." In Bayesian Approach to Inverse Problems, 220–42. London, UK: ISTE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470611197.ch9.

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Ravindran, Pooja, K. Neema, Deepti Das Krishna, Sivaram Nishal Ramadas, and Shyamsunder Mandayam. "Comparative Evaluation of GFRP Composites Using Air-Coupled Ultrasonic and Microwave NDT." In Advances in Non-Destructive Evaluation, 143–52. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2604-2_15.

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Versaci, Mario, Salvatore Calcagno, Matteo Cacciola, Francesco Carlo Morabito, Isabella Palamara, and Diego Pellicanò. "Fuzzy Geometrical Techniques for Characterizing Defects in Ultrasonic Non-destructive Evaluation." In Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Systems, 259–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10566-6_10.

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Periyannan, Suresh, and Krishnan Balasubramaniam. "Development of Distributed and Coupled Ultrasonic Waveguide Sensors for Hot Chamber’s Temperature Measurements." In Advances in Non-Destructive Evaluation, 123–31. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2604-2_13.

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Kumar, Abhishek, and Suresh Periyannan. "Experimental Study to Monitor the Rising and Falling of Fluid Level Using Ultrasonic Waveguide Techniques." In Advances in Non-Destructive Evaluation, 105–15. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2604-2_11.

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Fukuoka, H. "Ultrasonic Measurement Of Residual Stress." In Solid mechanics research for quantitative non-destructive evaluation, 275–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3523-5_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ultrasonic non-Destructive evaluation (UNDE)"

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Guarneri, Giovanni A., Vinicius Pegorini, Daniel R. Pipa, Gustavo P. Pires, Maria Isabela S. Nunes, Felipe Forlin, and Thiago A. R. Passarin. "A Web Application for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing Analysis." In 2024 51st Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/qnde2024-134791.

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Abstract Identifying and mapping corrosion represents a significant challenge in maintaining oil production systems. Mechanical and chemical phenomena, such as abrasion and hydrogen attack, cause corrosion on the internal surface of pipes. Knowing the dimensions of corrosion enables technicians to make decisions about the structural stability of pipelines under operating conditions. Using ultrasound imaging is a non-destructive approach to assessing the state of internal surfaces. We present a web application for processing ultrasound signals and image reconstruction. However, it can be used in any non-destructive ultrasound inspection application. The software is developed mainly in Python and Typescript, using a different approach than conventional web applications. Instead of using a standard structure, with the front-end running in the browser and the back-end running the data processing on a remote server, our application runs entirely on the browser through Pyodide, a Python distribution for the browser and Node.js based on WebAssembly whilst the server side only hosts the web application files. The application is divided into modules for (i) graphical interface, (ii) reading inspection files, (iii) signal preprocessing, (iv) estimation of inspection parameters, (v) external surface detection (for inspection by immersion), and (vi) image reconstruction. The web application allows Python script execution and offers a userfriendly interface for running image reconstruction algorithms. This paper describes the development of critical features and indicates the chosen implementation of algorithms. The current state of development is presented, and the next steps toward the ultimate goal of corrosion mapping are defined.
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Tandon, G. P., and R. Y. Kim. "Non-Destructive Evaluation of Damage Around Circular Holes in Bolted Composite Laminates." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14987.

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One of the more formidable problems in composite research is the study of delamination and other failure modes in the vicinity of a circular hole in a laminate, e.g., a circular cut-out in a structure. In this problem, the singularity varies around the periphery of the hole as well as through the thickness of the laminate. Under tensile loading, the early failure modes in this problem consist of transverse cracks in various layers, so that delamination occurs only after other damage is precipitated, followed by fiber breakage leading to failure. A literature review of past work clearly shows that mechanical testing with simultaneous AE monitoring is a fruitful technique to study damage accumulation in composite systems. The acoustic-ultrasonic (AU) testing combines the high sensitivity of ultrasonics to internal damage and the method of acoustic emission technique to characterize elastic waves. As damage accumulates in the specimen along the wave path, the net internal damping increases and changes the wave parameters such as velocity, peak amplitude, duration, etc. accordingly. Additionally, a range of experimental results over the last decade has further shown that the mechanical deformation and electric resistance of carbon fiber reinforced polymers are coupled, so that the material is inherently a sensor of its own damage state. The monitoring of electric resistance and capacitance changes, linked to the modifications of the conduction paths in the composite, allows the detection of damage growth. It seems logical that a natural extension of these different approaches is the determination of damage mode, e.g., fiber breakage, matrix cracking or delamination, and damage size and position, based on combined measurements from these techniques. These multiple techniques will serve a two-fold purpose, namely, enable comparison as well as complement each other in case of incomplete damage mapping from one set of sensors For this study, we will consider carbon fiber-reinforced toughened bismaleimide, (IM7/5250-4) quasi-isotropic laminate coupons 12" long, 4" wide with hole at the center under tension. Figure 1 shows the damage which occurs around a 0.75" hole in a [45/0/-45/90]s graphite epoxy laminate obtained by radiography after unloading the test specimen from an applied stress of 50 Ksi. The failure stress for this laminate was 56.4 Ksi. Damage in the form of ply cracks in the 90, 45, and -45 plies and delamination around hole edges is clearly evident. The radiograph taken after unloading from a 50 Ksi stress level clearly shows the location and extent of damage, but contains no specific information about the sequence and the timing of damage events. Figure 2 shows stress-strain curves obtained from strain gages mounted at various distances away from the hole edge along with the far-field value. The stress-strain curves provide useful information regarding the initiation as well as the growth of the damage, as evidenced by jump in strain levels and onset of nonlinearity. Damage initiation is first picked up by the strain gage which is mounted closest to the hole edge at a stress level of 21 Ksi. Subsequently, other strain gages begin to sense damage growth as the applied stress level increases. The strain gage data provides useful information regarding initiation, growth and severity of damage, but it is difficult to assign specific damage modes and their location to the measurements. This example clearly demonstrates the needs, with the associated benefits, of the multiple sensor approach. In this work, three different hole sizes (0.25", 0.5" and 0.75") will be investigated. In addition to inherent resistivity measurements, we will also make strain measurements using gages coupled with simultaneous monitoring of AE events and attenuation of elastic waves using piezoelectric transducers and acceleration sensors. This example problem will enable us to examine the combined effects of cut-outs, matrix cracking, delamination and fiber breakage on the ability of various NDE techniques to assess damage. Integrating several nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques could provide a solution for real-time health monitoring.
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Niffenegger, M., D. F. Mora, and H. Kottmann. "Non-Destructive Evaluation of RPV Embrittlement by Means of the Thermoelectric Power Method." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21446.

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Abstract Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are widely used for inspecting safety relevant components in nuclear reactors. Most of these NDE-methods are optimized and applied for the detection of cracks but there is still no reliable NDE method for measuring the embrittlement of RPV steels. However, since the evaluation of RPV embrittlement of so-called Surveillance specimens with the Charpy test is a destructive approach, NDE methods are highly required. Among the investigated technics are acoustic (Ultrasonic scattering), electric (resistivity, thermoelectric) and magnetic (Barkhausen Noise, Non-Linear Harmonics Analysis, Micromagnetic Multiparameter) methods. However, all the methods under investigation suffer from the fact that fracture toughness of steel depends upon several factors, especially on lattice defects such as vacancies, dissolved atoms, dislocation loops, solute clusters, precipitates and dislocations. A major obstacle to the application of NDE methods for the quantification of material embrittlement is that they may be not only sensitive to these defects but also to other factors, such as magnetic, acoustic and electrical properties, as well as to surface quality and ambient temperature, etc.). In this paper, we present results gained by the optimization and application of the thermoelectric power method (TEPM) at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Switzerland. The TEPM uses the change of the Seebeck coefficient (K) as an indicator for the material embrittlement. A clear almost linear correlation between the shift of the Nil-Ductile-Transition-Temperature (NDTT) and the change of the K was found. Beside the TEPM and its optimization with the finite element method, we describe the influencing parameters and the potential of this promising NDE method.
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Tandon, G. P., and R. Y. Kim. "Multi-Sensor Approach to Non-Destructive Evaluation of Damage Around Circular Holes in Composite Laminates." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79275.

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Abstract:
One of the more formidable problems in composite research is the study of delamination and other failure modes in the vicinity of a circular hole in a laminate, e.g., a circular cut-out in a structure. In this problem, the singularity varies around the periphery of the hole as well as through the thickness of the laminate. Under tensile loading, the early failure modes in this problem consist of transverse cracks in various layers, so that delamination occurs only after other damage is precipitated, followed by fiber breakage leading to failure. A literature review of past work clearly shows that mechanical testing with simultaneous AE monitoring is a fruitful technique to study damage accumulation in composite systems. The acoustic-ultrasonic (AU) testing combines the high sensitivity of ultrasonics to internal damage and the method of acoustic emission technique to characterize elastic waves. As damage accumulates in the specimen along the wave path, the net internal damping increases and changes the wave parameters such as peak amplitude, duration, etc. accordingly. Additionally, a range of experimental results over the last decade has further shown that the mechanical deformation and electric resistance of carbon fiber reinforced polymers are coupled, so that the material is inherently a sensor of its own damage state. The monitoring of electric resistance and capacitance changes, linked to the modifications of the conduction paths in the composite, allows the detection of damage growth. It seems logical that a natural extension of these different approaches is the determination of damage mode, e.g., fiber breakage, matrix cracking or delamination, and damage size and position, based on combined measurements from these techniques. These multiple techniques will serve a two-fold purpose, namely, enable comparison as well as complement each other in case of incomplete damage mapping from one set of sensors For this study, we will consider carbon fiber-reinforced toughened bismaleimide, (IM7/5250-4) quasi-isotropic laminate coupons 12” long, 4” wide with hole at the center under tension. Figure 1 shows the damage which occurs around a 0.75” hole in a [45/0/-45/90]s graphite epoxy laminate obtained by radiography after unloading the test specimen from an applied stress of 50 Ksi. The failure stress for this laminate was 56.4 Ksi. Damage in the form of ply cracks in the 90, 45, and −45 plies and delamination around hole edges is clearly evident. The radiograph taken after unloading from a 50 Ksi stress level clearly shows the location and extent of damage, but contains no specific information about the sequence and the timing of damage events. Figure 2 shows stress-strain curves obtained from strain gages mounted at various distances away from the hole edge along with the far-field value. The stress-strain curves provide useful information regarding the initiation as well as the growth of the damage, as evidenced by jump in strain levels and onset of nonlinearity. Damage initiation is first picked up by the strain gage which is mounted closest to the hole edge at a stress level of 21 Ksi. Subsequently, other strain gages begin to sense damage growth as the applied stress level increases. The strain gage data provides useful information regarding initiation, growth and severity of damage, but it is difficult to assign specific damage modes and their location to the measurements. This example clearly demonstrates the needs, with the associated benefits, of the multiple sensor approach. In this work, three different hole sizes (0.25”, 0.5” and 0.75”) will be investigated. This example problem will enable us to examine the combined effects of cut-outs, matrix cracking, delamination and fiber breakage on the ability of various NDE techniques to assess damage. The development and growth of damage in the composite laminate with a hole under compression will be markedly different than in tension. Under compression, the major damage modes are fiber buckling and delamination, and will also be investigated.
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AHMED, HOSSAIN, ASEF ISHRAQ SADAF, and SOURAV BANERJEE. "NON-LINEAR SIGNATURE IN ULTRASONIC PULSE- ECHO SIGNAL FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING OF FATIGUE INDUCED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES." In Structural Health Monitoring 2023. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2023/37006.

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Experimental evaluation of material state damage due to frequency varied fatigue loading has been reported in this article by estimating the non-linearity in ultrasonic signals in CFRP composite structures. In recent years, researchers have been utilizing the non-linearity in Lamb wave propagation for structural health monitoring, and thus it is becoming a powerful technique for non-destructive evaluation. Unlike isotropic and homogeneous materials, the damage state modeling of composite structures is complex due to their heterogeneous arrangement of material constituents, especially in fatigue induced loading cycles. Although established for metals and alloys, the quantification of material state of carbon fiber reinforced viscoelastic polymer composites due to dynamic loading environment is still under an active research area. This research evaluates the non-linearity effect in stress relaxation using high frequency (~25 MHz) ultrasonic pulse-echo signals. A set of tensile test specimen as per ASTM standard is prepared and fatigue loads are applied at constant time intervals. During these intervals, scanning acoustic microscope is used to generate and capture pulse-echo signals. The change of second and third order non-linearity parameter of ultrasonic pressure waves are correlated with the fatigue induced internal stresses and damage accumulations. Initial investigation indicates that the higher order non-linearity is a function of applied fatigue loading frequency and the remaining life of the composite structure.
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Moles, M. D. C., E. Ginzel, and N. Dube´. "Quantitative NDT and Fitness for Purpose." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1628.

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The concepts of Fitness for Purpose (FFP), now popular in engineering, have placed greater demands on Non-Destructive Testing/Evaluation (NDT) to provide quantitative results. No NDT method seems better adapted to provide quantitative results than ultrasonic testing. However, acceptance criteria presented to the ultrasonic operator are sometimes difficult to comply with, as they seem not to consider the limitations and tolerances intrinsic in the techniques used. Overly optimistic expectations of sizing accuracy could result in under-sizing of flaws, but overly stringent acceptance criteria to “compensate” for sizing errors can result in more repairs than would be required by radiographic workmanship acceptance criteria in spite of much higher detection rates by ultrasonic methods. This paper considers some ultrasonic sizing techniques and their associated accuracies and application limitations. Examples from early work in Time-Of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) and tip diffraction are considered as well as statistical studies from girth weld inspection techniques.
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Phillips, Robert, Francesco Lanza di Scalea, Claudio Nucera, Mahmood Fateh, and John Choros. "Field Testing of Prototype Systems for the Non-Destructive Measurement of the Neutral Temperature of Railroad Tracks." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3735.

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In both high speed and freight rail systems, the modern construction method is Continuous Welded Rail (CWR). The purpose of the CWR method is to eliminate joints in order to reduce the maintenance costs for both the rails and the rolling stock. However, the elimination of the joints increases the risk of rail breakage in cold weather and buckling in hot weather. In order to predict the temperature at which the rail will break or buckle, it is critical to have knowledge of the temperature at which the rail is stress free, namely the rail Neutral Temperature. The University of California at San Diego (UCSD) has developed an innovative technique based on non-linear ultrasonic guided waves, under Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) research and development grants for the non-destructive measurement of the Neutral Temperature of CWR. Through the licensing of this technology from UCSD and under the sponsorship of the FRA Office of Research and Development, a field deployable prototype system has been developed and recently field-tested at cooperating railroad properties. Three prototype systems have been deployed to the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF), AMTRAK, and the Union Pacific (UP) railroads for field testing and related data acquisition for a comprehensive evaluation, with respect to both performance and economy of operation. This paper summarizes the results of these field tests, as compared to well-established techniques such as VERSE and strain gages.
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Khalil, M. Shahid, and Sajjad Akbar. "Assessment of Life of Pressure Vessels and Pipes in Crude Oil and Gas Industries." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98024.

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Fitness-for-service (FFS) assessments are quantitative engineering evaluations which are required to be preformed periodically in accordance with the published codes and standards to demonstrate the structural integrity of in-service components. This report summarizes the results of nondestructive in-service-inspection (ISI) of pressurized components conducted for condition assessment of the Dakhani Gas Processing Plant of Oil and Gas Development Corporation Ltd. (OGDCL) for the first time since its commissioning in December,1989. The non-destructive evaluation of the plant was required because of concerns for occurrence of sulphide-stress-cracking. Hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen-including-cracking, weight-loss-corrosion, sulphur-stress-corrosion due to determental service conditions at Dakhani having low PH, High H2S, high chlorides and pressure of CO2. The results have shown that microstructural changes associated with first and second stage of hydrogen attack have occurred in almost all of the pipe joints and pressure vessels. Hardness of some vessels has even exceeded the NACE limit of 220 HB. Effect of second stage of hydrogen attack are dominant in pipe joints, resulting in loss of hardness and strength because of decarburization. The results based on ultrasonic attenuation monitoring also indicate degradation of components. Random rounded indications have also been observed in some pipe joints during X-Ray radiographic testing that could serve as sites for failure initiation. The corrosion-under-insulation is observed for joints of piping spreading over a significant length. Localized corrosion and pitting is also observed in some locations of pressure vessels and piping. Ultrasonic thickness gauging has shown a significant variation in thickness for dish end and shell of some pressure vessels as well as for various joints of piping. In absence of periodic ISI data for the plant and keeping in view the results of non-destructive evaluation summarized above, the end-of-life (EOL) assessment of pressure vessels and piping is not possible and operation of the plant should be continued with a degree of caution. Any estimate of safe life assessment of the plant made at this stage would require revision on the basis of observed level of degradation through essential periodic in-service monitoring. In order to cope with the situation, it is recommended that monitoring of further degradation of microstructure and hardness along with flaw growth should be carried out after a period of 8x103 hours. Necessary remedial measures for rectification of flaws are requested. Non-destructive strain gauging is recommended to estimate data for safe life assessment of pressure vessels. Thermographic scanning of on-line in-service insulated pipelines is proposed for monitoring corrosion-under-insulation during plant operation.
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Chen, Joe, Yanping Li, Trevor Place, Axel Aulin, and Logan Galbraith. "Assessing Internal Pitting Corrosion With Encoded Ultrasonic Scanning." In 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-86884.

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Abstract Internal corrosion is one of the main threats to pipeline integrity. For in-line inspection (ILI) based integrity programs, in-the-ditch non-destructive examination (NDE) data quality is imperative for ILI validation. NDE feature misclassification and/or depth inaccuracy can lead to unnecessary integrity actions such as unnecessary excavations, more frequent ILI, or increased risk to system integrity. Therefore, it is critical to ensure the accuracy of NDE data. Ultrasonic Testing (UT) technology is the primary method to detect, characterize, and measure internal corrosion during in-ditch NDE. While studies have been conducted to understand various NDE technologies and capabilities associated with detecting, sizing, and classifying crack and external corrosion indications, less work has been published regarding field evaluation of internal corrosion indications. In this study, real cases of liquid pipelines will be used to demonstrate the challenges in detecting, characterizing and sizing internal corrosion using current UT technologies. The cases show that improper NDE technique selection triggered additional excavations or caused internal corrosion to be non-conservatively under-reported. This work also includes various UT technologies, such as encoded zero-degree UT scanning, manual zero-degree UT testing, encoded Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT), and Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) for characterizing and sizing both natural and machined defects in pipe and plate samples. High-resolution laser scans using Creaform HandyScan technology are used to verify actual feature depth. Depth sizing accuracy of each technology is established using statistical analysis. In order to determine detection limits of the above technologies, tests are performed on pitting and inclusion of various sizes, ranging from 8 mm to 0.5 mm in diameter. This study will assist in establishing the limitations of current UT NDE technologies and recommendations to develop best practices for obtaining quality field NDE data from pipeline excavations for internal corrosion.
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Aoyama, Hiroshi, Hiroyuki Watanabe, and Motoaki Terai. "Development of NDE Technology for Health Monitoring of Load-Support Systems of Superconducting Magnets for MAGLEV." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0353.

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Abstract Magnetically levitated vehicles (MAGLEVS) using superconducting magnets have been under development in Japan. One of the load-support systems for the superconducting magnet consisits of a biconical, alumina-fiber-reinforced-plastic (FRP) structure. Safe operation of the superconducting magnet will be jeopardized if the mechanical condition of the load-support system begins to degrade. One of the factors that influences the soundness of the superconducting magnet is the stiffness of the load-support system. Here, it is important to know the relation between the degradation in stiffness and the growth of defects. So we carried out the fatigue test of the load-support system. The various defects (matrix cracking and delamination of FRP laminates) were revealed during this fatigue testing. Two types of non-destructive-evaluation (NDE) methods (ultrasonic evaluation and transmitted light technique through FRP) were applied to monitor and assess the soundness of alumina/epoxy load-support systems.
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Reports on the topic "Ultrasonic non-Destructive evaluation (UNDE)"

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Cai, Wei. Physical Mechanisms Underlying Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Evaluation of Fatigue. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518367.

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Cummings, Ian. Steady-State Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Evaluation for Aerospace & Additive Manufacturing Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1774396.

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Clayton, Dwight A., Lev Khazanovich, Mattia Zammerachi, and N. Dianne Bull Ezell. Linear Array Ultrasonic Testing Of A Thick Concrete Specimens For Non-Destructive Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1355888.

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Schumacher. PR-333-06202-R01 Ultrasonic Inspection of RB211-24C Blades. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010756.

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The service lives of RB211-24C HP turbine blades are limited by the formation of cracks on the cooling passages. Currently the presence of such cracking is determined by the destructive evaluation of several blades from each set when they are removed from service. The objective of this project was to develop a non-destructive inspection technique capable of detecting cracks on the surfaces of RB211-24C HP blades.
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Bowlin, Elizabeth, and Puneet Agarwal. PR-201-153718-R03 Integrity Assessment of DTI Pipelines Using High Resolution NDE in Select Areas. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011486.

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Hydrostatic test and In-Line Inspection are the prescribed integrity assessment methods cited in various Codes and Regulations and have been proven to enhance pipeline safety. But a significant number of pipelines across the world remain difficult to inspect and impractical to modify for inspection by the prescribed methods due to physical configurations or operating conditions. This research performs a state of the art (SOTA) analysis of NDE technology readiness considering physical and operational barriers and technology deployment from inside, outside or over pipelines, and the possible role of inspection sampling to conclude pipeline integrity and justify intervals for conversion for piggability or hydrotest. The goal of the research is to propose alternatives to ILI for safe prioritization and scheduling for conversion or replacement and not to replace hydrostatic test or ILI as currently prescribed in Codes and Regulations. The scope of the research is limited to technologies and integrity management concerning metal loss threat. This report represents the third and final update of prior reports from the two preceding years presenting a compendium of technologies describing technology readiness for state of the art non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technologies intended for low resolution pipeline condition screening and high resolution NDE for deployment at sample locations with capabilities applicable to difficult to inspect pipeline configurations. Integrated cleaning and inspection pigs, smart balls, external deployed ultrasonic, radiographic and magnetometry are pipe wall screening technologies evaluated in the reports. A structured process is proposed for assessing pipeline integrity based on low resolution screening of the full length of a pipeline segment followed by high resolution NDE samples at locations where screening indicates locations of possible wall loss. The process employs extreme value analysis for prediction of maximum metal loss severity across the screened segment. For instances where no metal loss indications reported by screening or from high resolution samples an alternative "compliance approach" is also addressed. Case studies are presented where PRCI members have deployed some of the technologies referenced in the NDE SOTA phase of the research and implemented the proposed extreme value or the compliance approaches. Validation of fitness for service conclusions based on inspection sampling by comparison with full length high resolution ILI or hydrostatic test are included in some of the case studies. The conclusions of the case studies demonstrate integrity conclusions obtained from the PRCI structured process are conservative and consistent with ILI or hydrostatic test conclusions. Based on the experience from the case studies and the SOTA, a metal loss screening efficiency factor (MLSE) is proposed enabling pipeline operators to understand the general relationship between screening level (sample stratification) and direct examination (inspection sampling) required to provide equivalent understanding of pipe wall condition, limited to metal loss. As mentioned by ASME/API ILI has limitations that need to be considered in its deployment and full discovery of metal loss conditions. Under some conditions (noted by API 1163) ILI predictions can be accepted without any direct examinations or verifications, i.e full length screening (high resolution) and no verification samples. At the other end of the spectrum random sampling can be theoretically deployed as a screening approach but depending on the condition of the pipeline, the high-resolution sample area could be very large to obtain a significant integrity conclusion. This report proposes a comparative scale of effectiveness for SOTA pipe wall screening technologies that offer the operator an expectation of high resolution NDE sample size. There is a related webinar
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Royer, Roger, Jason Van Velsor, Brent Maples, and Scott Riccardella. PR-335-183837-R03 NDE Technician Performance Evaluation Through Practical Application Blind Trials. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012200.

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PRCI commissioned this project (NDE-2-7) to further investigate the effects of human performance factors on Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) performance for conducting Magnetic Particle Inspections (MPI) and Ultrasonic Thickness Testing (UT) on pipeline components. MPI and UT techniques were targeted for this research project because they are among the most well understood and utilized NDE technologies for in-service oil and gas pipeline assessments. This project was conducted in parallel with another PRCI NDE-2-7 project (PR-580-163710), which focused on evaluating the impacts of training program quality on NDE human performance. This NDE-2-7 project evaluated human performance factors by conducting a round-robin type study, where service providers were asked to conduct MPI and UT examinations on blind samples with known defects. The project consisted of initially conducting an inventory of pipeline samples that had been removed from service and were available at PRCI's Technology Development Center (TDC). Based on this inventory, samples with degradation typical to what may be observed and inspected in the field were selected for use in the round-robin study. Baseline NDE was performed on all of the samples to establish and quantify the levels of degradation present. A detailed test plan was then developed to outline the human performance factors that would be evaluated during the round-robin study, including how these parameters would be assessed and documented. All of the round-robin participants were proctored, and the identified human performance factors were assessed during the round-robin testing. The human performance factors were than compared with the accuracy of the NDE results, to draw conclusions on the impact of the human factors on the NDE performance.
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7

Villamil, Julie, Caique Lara, Anthony Abrahao, Aparna Arvelli, Guilherme Daldegan, Sharif Sarker, and Dwayne McDaniel. Development of a Pipe Crawler Inspection Tool for Fossil Energy Power Plants. Florida International University, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.009772.

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Fossil fuel power plants are complex systems containing multiple components that create extreme environments for the purpose of extracting usable energy. Failures in the system can lead to increased down time for the plant, reduction of power and significant cost for repairs. In the past, inspections and maintenance of the plant's superheater tubes has been predominantly manual, laborious, and extremely time consuming. This is due to the pipe's small diameter size (between 1.3 and 7.6 cm) and the coiled structure of the tubing. In addition, the tubes are often stacked close to each other, limiting access for external inspection. Detection of pipe degradation, such as increased levels of corrosion, creep, and the formation of micro-cracks is possible using standard non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods, including ultrasonic, radiography and electromagnetic methods. However, when the access to the sub-systems is limited or the configuration of the structure is prohibitive, alternative methods are needed for deploying the NDE tools. This research effort considers a novel robotic inspection system for the evaluation of small pipes found in typical boiler superheaters that have limited access. The pipe crawler system is an internal inspection device that can potentially navigate through the entire pipe length using linear actuators to grip the walls and inch along the pipe. The modular nature of the system allows it to traverse through straight sections and multiple 90-degree and 180-degree bends. The crawler is also capable of providing visual inspections, ultrasonic thickness measurements, and generating inner diameter surface maps using LiDAR (light detection and ranging). Ultimately, the development of this robotic inspection tool can provide information regarding the structural integrity of key pipeline components in fossil fuel power plants that are not easily accessible
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