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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultrasonic inspection'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Graybeal, B. A., R. A. Walther, and G. A. Washer. "Ultrasonic Inspection of Bridge Hanger Pins." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1697, no. 1 (January 2000): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1697-04.

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Ultrasonic inspection is currently one of the most common and reliable methods used in the inspection of hanger pins in pin-and-hanger bridge structures. Recently, a pin-and-hanger connection on a heavily traveled truck route in the Midwest showed visual indications of being deficient. Field contact ultrasonic inspections were performed on the remaining pin connections. The field inspections indicated that a number of the pins contained cracks or significant wear grooves at the pin shear planes, or both. These pins were replaced and sent to the FHWA’s Nondestructive Evaluation Validation Center for further testing in an ultrasonic immersion tank. The results of the contact and immersion tank ultrasonic studies were nearly identical. Both methods found two pins that contained transverse cracks at the level of a shear plane, with one of these cracks encompassing a majority of the pin cross section. Clearly, for the conditions found in the study, field contact ultrasonics can accurately locate defects in hanger pins.

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2

Song, Kyung Seok, Jae Yeol Kim, and You Hong Kim. "Non-Contact SWP Stability Estimation Using Laser-Ultrasonic Wave." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.352.

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Contact type detection, one of UT for the detection of defects in welding area, has several weak-points. Proximity type ultrasonic inspection using laser is being studied these days to make up for the weak points of contact type ultrasonic inspection. In this paper, automatic inspection system of the welding area of spiral welding pipe has been developed, of which mechanical characteristic is better than that of circular directional pipes, and executed the proximity ultrasonic inspections using laser. The usefulness of proximity ultrasonic inspection using laser will be verified in this paper through the analysis of the inspection results.

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3

Saikrishna, U., K. Srinivas, and Y. L. V. D. Prasad. "Development of Guided Wave Ultrasonic Inspection Method for Thick Composite Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.153.

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Ultrasonic Non-destructive testing is a well known technique for inspecting fiber reinforced composite structures however; its capability is severely limited by the high attenuation in thick and multi layer structures. Guided wave ultrasonic inspection has been reported to be useful tool for quantitative identification of composite structures. It takes advantage of tailoring / generating desired ultrasonic wave modes (Symmetric and anti-symmetric) for improved transmission through the composite structure. For this, guided waves have to be generated selectively by precisely placing transducer at an angle to the test surface. Automation of two axis fixture for transmission and reception of transducers have to be used for avoiding manual errors. The captured signals have to be processed in order to extract useful information from the received ultrasonic signals. The proposed project aims at developing automated guided wave inspection methods along with digital signal processing for generating dispersion curves for thick composited. Using test laminates with implanted defects, methodology for thick composite inspection with guided wave ultrasonic’s will be established. For this data will be captured and analyzed using Labview software.

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4

Arzola de la Peña, Nelson. "Economic feasibility study regarding the applicability of ultrasonic inspection of the Cuban sugar industry’s sugarcane mill shafts." Ingeniería e Investigación 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v26n2.14731.

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This article evaluates the economic feasibility of carrying out ultrasonic inspection of sugar-mill shafts. Four alternatives are considered, including the most frequently encountered scenarios. How and when inspections are carried out is analysed, periods between inspections being established by a fatigue-crack growth propagation approach. The lifecycle cost approach was applied for economic evaluation. Operation, maintenance and energy consumption costs were thus taken into consideration. The conclusion was drawn that it is highly advisable to use high performance ultrasonic inspection. Introducing ultrasonic inspection (according to the period of time obtained by fracture mechanics model) could lead to a saving of half a million dollars per year for the Cuban sugarcane industry in the current conditions.

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5

Rolls-Royce MatEval Limited. "Ultrasonic inspection system." NDT & E International 25, no. 1 (January 1992): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(92)90141-3.

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6

Boychuk, A. S., I. A. Dikov, A. S. Generalov, and S. I. Yakovleva. "THE FEATURES OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC SOLID LAMINATE SAMPLES DURING LOW-CYCLIC FATIGUE TESTING." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 12 (2020): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2020-0-12-108-115.

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The results of CFRP samples ultrasonic inspection during low-cyclic fatigue testing are given in this article. It is established that for ultrasonic pulse-echo inspection during cycling mechanical testing and after the special correction of flaw detector’s gain and inspection’s sensitivity concerning back-wall echo decreasing in compare with testing specimen is necessary.

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7

Moles, Michael, Noël Dubé, Simon Labbé, and Ed Ginzel. "Review of Ultrasonic Phased Arrays for Pressure Vessel and Pipeline Weld Inspections." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 3 (March 29, 2005): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1991881.

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Major improvements in weld inspection are obtained using Phased Array technology with capability for beam steering, electronic scanning, focusing, and sweeping the ultrasonic beams. Electronic scanning is much faster than raster scanning, and can optimize angles and focusing to maximize defect detection. Pressure vessel (PV) inspections typically use “top, side, end” or “top, side, TOFD” views, though other imaging is possible. Special inspections can be performed, e.g., for specific defects, or increased coverage. Defects can be sized by pulse-echo as per code, by time-of-flight Diffraction or by back diffraction. New PV inspection codes, particularly ASME Code Case 2235, permit the use of advanced ultrasonic inspection techniques. Pipeline girth weld inspections use a unique inspection approach called “zone discrimination,” and have their own series of codes. While similar equipment is used in pipeline as in PV inspections, the pipeline philosophy is to tailor the inspection to the weld profile and predicted lack of fusion defects. Pipeline displays are specifically designed for near real-time data analysis. Both ASME CC 2235 and the pipeline codes permit the use of Fitness-For-Purpose, which reduces construction costs. Overall, phased array systems meet or exceed all PV and pipeline codes.

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8

Hernandez, A., O. Altuzarra, V. Petuya, Ch Pinto, and E. Amezua. "A robot for non-destructive testing weld inspection of offshore mooring chains." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 172988141877053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418770532.

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Welding flaw detection is a key step in manufacturing many components. In offshore chains, every link is manufactured from a steel bar that is bent and the ends joined by flash butt welding. Ultrasonic inspection of the welded area is required for classification. Defects, if any, are parallel to the welded area, which do not favour detection by manual inspection with 45° beams, as per usual practice . This article reports on CIRUS, a robot developed for automatic inspection of the weld area using a combination of pulse-echo and pitch-catch ultrasonic testing. The robot kinematic structure includes global positioning, local positioning and inspection subsystems, and each subsystem design is described in detail. A data acquisition system processes ultrasonic inspection results and provides visual information for the inspector as well as traceability for quality manufacturing.

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9

Cao, Chong Zhen, Feng Qin Wang, Qi Fa Tian, Jia Lan Zhuang, and Feng Chun Li. "Equidirectional Umbrella Diameter Changing Mechanism for Ultrasonic Inspection of Seabed Pipelines." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2927.

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Ultrasonic inspection is a key method of inspecting wall thickness flaw of seabed oil pipelines. How to lay out ultrasonic probes to fit for three inner diameter pipelines of Φ195mm, Φ247mm and Φ297mm was analyzed detailed. Diameter changing principle feasibility of ultrasonic inspection adopting 10 parallelogram mechanisms was discussed, and the key parts of structure of equidirection umbrella diameter changing mechanism were analyzed. In the end model machine experiment verified that equidirection umbrella diameter changing technology is feasible.

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10

Cho, Hyun, Sung Jin Song, Hak Joon Kim, Hee Jong Lee, and Sung Nam Choi. "Development of a Manipulator Free Mobile Ultrasonic C-Scan System." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1293.

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Ultrasonic C-scan inspections have been used in various industrial fields. Usually, conventional ultrasonic C-scan systems have several mechanical manipulating axis controlled by a computer or an electronic device. These systems are suitable for the high resolution and inspection quality. But they are too heavy and bulky to carry in general, and many industrial fields do not require higher resolution than a hundred micron order. To take care of such a need, in this study we developed an ultrasonic C-scan system that does not have any mechanical manipulator to transport ultrasonic transducers. This system, named "M-Scanner", adopts an electro-magnetic position tracking sensor instead of mechanical manipulating axes in order to trace the transducer position. Furthermore, this new system is portable and has a reasonable construction cost along with practical inspection resolution required in many industrial field inspections.

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11

Deng, Zong Quan, Guang Ping Hao, De Wei Tang, and Bao Hua Shan. "Study on Scanner for Large-Diameter Tubular Joint Welds Based on Ultrasonic Phased Array." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.265.

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For the complexity of weld, the automatic inspecting for the tubular joints which are in working is difficult. Therefore the scanner which has three degrees of freedom for inspecting of large-diameter tubular joints was studied and manufactured based on the scanning principle of ultrasonic phased array. The following of probe to weld is realized by the simultaneous motion of two degrees of freedom and the pose between probe and weld is adjusted by the other degree of freedom. The control strategy of the scanner was provided. Experiments were made with scanner on reference blocks, the results indicate that the automatic ultrasonic phased array inspection is more excellent than the conventional ultrasonic inspection in reliability and repetition.

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12

Cao, Guo Qiang, Lan Yao, and Yi Tong Dai. "Application of Intelligent AutoCAD in Ultrasonic Inspection of the Welds." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2421.

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Ultrasonic flaw detection in weld inspection is commonly used in non-destructive testing methods. But when the ultrasonic inspection of the welds, point location of defects and identify need technical personnel calculation and according to their long-term practical experience, it requirement for inspection personnel has higher technology.And in ultrasonic weld inspection there will be some factors affecting the accuracy of positioning. It will lead to limitations of ultrasonic weld inspection. To solve these problems effectively, AutoCAD will be used in ultrasonic weld inspection.

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13

Mihara, Tsuyoshi. "Developments in Ultrasonic Inspection." Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan 54, no. 1 (2011): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj2.54.39.

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14

Hirose, Sohichi. "Ultrasonic Inspection for Structures." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 36, no. 3 (2018): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.36.186.

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15

Herzer, R., O. Frick, C. P. Keferstein, and W. Arnold. "Self‐tracking ultrasonic inspection." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 22, no. 1 (February 1995): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000004176.

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16

Цомук, Sergey Tsomuk, Ястребов, and Viktor Yastrebov. "Scanners for Ultrasonic Inspection." NDT World 19, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23513.

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In recent years, to enhance flaw detection efficiency when using ultrasonic testing, phased array probes are increasingly used. However, in many cases this can also be achieved by using scanning devices with conventional piezoelectric transducers, which is much cheaper. The purpose of the article is to analyze the design and operation of such scanning devices. The article provides brief information about ultrasonic testing main scanning schemes, describes scanners that have been developed and widely used to perform inspection of welds, base metal of pipes, railcar axles and wheels. It is shown that, for large dimension objects, scanners allow not only a significant increase in the scanning performance but also solve the testing problem in principle, and (for example, when testing railcar axles) change (make it easier and cheaper) manufacturing process, including inspection operations and wage wheels repair. As a result of analysis, conclusions are made about the efficiency of using, in specific and important practical tasks, scanning devices for ultrasonic testing of steel products of different sizes, which certainly does not deny the application perspectiveness of using phased array probes.

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17

Sonomatic Ltd. "Sub-sea ultrasonic inspection." NDT & E International 24, no. 4 (August 1991): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(91)90365-a.

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18

Sonomatic Ltd. "Ultrasonic rail inspection system." NDT & E International 24, no. 2 (April 1991): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(91)90952-y.

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19

Park, Chi Seong, Young Seock Lee, and Seon Jin Kim. "Threshold-Varying Method of Stationary Wavelet Denoising for Ultrasonic Speckle Reduction." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 1153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.1153.

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Ultrasonic inspection of the cast stainless steel with coarse grain size has not been possible to demonstrate unambiguously that current inspection techniques are adequate, which means it is very difficult for ultrasonic inspector to discriminate the reflected signals at the real flaw from scattered signals. In this paper, wavelet denoising is performed in the stationary wavelet domain by means of scale-varying threshold level to reduce the speckle and to enhance flaw-visibility. Experiments have been carried out on A-scan ultrasonic signals obtained from CCSS material which is a part of narrow gap welds connecting the steam generator to main reactor coolant piping in the nuclear power plant.

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20

Carvalho, A. A., I. C. Silva, J. M. A. Rebello, R. O. Carneval, and J. A. B. Farias. "Inspection of ship hulls using automated ultrasonic inspection." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 47, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2005.47.12.744.

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21

Hu, Hong Wei, Xiong Bing Li, Xiang Hong Wang, and Yi Min Shao. "Reliability Assessment of Automatic Ultrasonic Inspection for Complex Surface Components." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.881.

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In this paper, we address the problem of automatic inspection complex surface using an ultrasonic technique and the reliability of inspection. First, an automatic ultrasonic inspection manipulator is introduced. Through ultrasonic inspection and defect analysis, the parameters of flaws can be calculated automatically. Then, a POD analysis method is provided to assess the reliability of inspection. Finally, Experiments are conducted and the POD curves with the sizes of flaws and the scanning gaps are obtained.

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22

Tai, Jan Lean, Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, Andrzej Łukaszewicz, Farah Syazwani Shahar, Wojciech Tarasiuk, and Jerzy Napiórkowski. "Ultrasonic Velocity and Attenuation of Low-Carbon Steel at High Temperatures." Materials 16, no. 14 (July 20, 2023): 5123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145123.

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On-stream inspections are the most appropriate method for routine inspections during plant operation without undergoing production downtime. Ultrasonic inspection, one of the on-stream inspection methods, faces challenges when performed at high temperatures exceeding the recommended 52 °C. This study aims to determine the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation with known material grade, thickness, and temperatures by comparing theoretical calculation and experimentation, with temperatures ranging between 30 °C to 250 °C on low-carbon steel, covering most petrochemical equipment material and working conditions. The aim of the theoretical analysis was to obtain Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and longitudinal velocity at different temperatures. The experiments validated the theoretical results of ultrasonic change due to temperature increase. It was found that the difference between the experiments and theoretical calculation is 3% at maximum. The experimental data of velocity and decibel change from the temperature range provide a reference for the future when dealing with unknown materials information on site that requires a quick corrosion status determination.

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23

Cremona, Christian. "Inspection of Welded Joints: Reliability of Ultrasonic Inspection and Inspection Intervals." IABSE Congress Report 18, no. 23 (September 19, 2012): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137912805110934.

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24

Augustijn, Ries, João Gonçalves, and Joost Haaksman. "Cost-effective ultrasonic inspection of large diameter pipelines." Pipeline Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2514-541x-2020-4-2-108-116.

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To be successful in the ILI business, organization require the right mix of technological capabilities, operational agility and quality standards. The business is fairly competitive, and often technological capabilities are pivotal in the customer proposition of the company. However, the best technologies are not solely required for successful ILI companies. Robustness of the system, operability by the ILI inspector, fitness of the product with commercial route to the market all contribute to a rapid return on investment. Providing a robust, versatile, high-resolution and cost-effective method to inspect large diameter pipelines was recognized as a challenge and opportunity. For that, a Large Diameter Ultrasonic Inspection tool capable of inspecting pipelines of 20 inch to 64 inch with high resolution was developed. The tool is always bi-directional and capable of mitigating 1.5D bends. Gathered data can be reviewed real-time during the inspection. The operating envelope of the tool is such that it can cope with various products in the pipeline, varying from (high salinity) water, crude oil and a multitude of refined products. Despite the fact that product properties (e.g. speed of sound, attenuation, temperature, etc) vary, the tool is designed such that this is not a limiting factor for the operating envelope. The application of advanced ultrasonic beam forming methodologies and signal generation and -processing ensure that the system is versatile and robust for these types of real-life operating conditions. This presentation will provide an overview of the utilization of these technologies, the validation program that has been used to demonstrate tool specifications and the experiences gained at successful projects.

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25

Lao, Jin Jie, and Chao Lu. "Application of Portable Ultrasonic Phased Array Instrument for Rail Welds Ultrasonic Inspection." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.384.

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In order to promote the phased array technology for the application of weld inspection, the advantage of phased array technology was introduced and the application of rails welding inspection with phased array technology was also introduced. Through detecting nature and machining flaws of aluminum-themic welding of rails, contrast to results of conventional ultrasound test, validate the effectiveness of ultrasonic phased array method, concluding characteristics of ultrasonic phased array method for the aluminum-themic welding of rails. From the result of application, the efficiency of weld inspection could be greatly improved and the inspection cost could be greatly reduced by phased array technology.

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26

Yang Zhao, Yang Zhao, Lei Cui Lei Cui, Jihua Sun Jihua Sun, Jian Ma Jian Ma, and Zhongqing Jia Zhongqing Jia. "Hybrid laser ultrasonic inspection based on optical fiber technique." Chinese Optics Letters 12, s1 (2014): S11102–311103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.s11102.

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27

Cartwright, D. K. "Validation of Ultrasonic Inspections for Sizewell ‘B’ Pressurized Water Reactor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power Engineering 203, no. 1 (February 1989): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_007_02.

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To assist in ensuring a high standard of structural integrity of the Sizewell ‘B’ pressure circuit, components are inspected both during fabrication and in service. The more critical inspections are to be validated. This paper describes the validations of ultrasonic inspections to be carried out at the Inspection Validation Centre, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Risley.

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28

Denney, Dennis. "Automatic Welding and Ultrasonic Inspection." Journal of Petroleum Technology 49, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 1096–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1097-1096-jpt.

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29

Crocker, R. "Ultrasonic vehicle-based rail inspection." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 46, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.46.6.323.56381.

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30

Brill, Bernard A. "Ultrasonic nondestructive tubing inspection system." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, no. 4 (April 1987): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.394616.

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31

Sonomatic Ltd. "Ultrasonic inspection equipment for Japan." NDT & E International 24, no. 2 (April 1991): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(91)90957-5.

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32

Yilmaz, Bengisu, Aadhik Asokkumar, Elena Jasiūnienė, and Rymantas Jonas Kažys. "Air-Coupled, Contact, and Immersion Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing: Comparison for Bonding Quality Evaluation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 27, 2020): 6757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196757.

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The objective of this study is to compare the performance of different ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for bonding quality evaluation. Aluminium-epoxy-aluminium single lap joints containing debonding in the form of release film inclusions have been investigated using three types of ultrasonic NDT methods: contact testing, immersion testing, and air-coupled testing. Apart from the traditional bulk wave ultrasound, guided wave testing was also performed using air coupled and contact transducers for the excitation of guided waves. Guided wave propagation within adhesive bond was numerically simulated. A wide range of inspection frequencies causing different ultrasonic wavelengths has been investigated. Average errors in defect sizing per ultrasonic wavelength have been used as a feature to determine the performance of each ultrasonic NDT technique. The best performance is observed with bulk wave investigations. Particularly, the higher frequencies (10–50 MHz) in the immersion testing performed significantly better than air-coupled testing (300 kHz); however, air coupled investigations have other advantages as contactless inspection. Whereas guided wave inspections show relatively lower accuracy in defect sizing, they are good enough to detect the presence of the debonding and enable to inspect long range. Even though each technique has its advantages and limitations, guided wave techniques can be practical for the preliminary in-situ inspection of adhesively bonded specimens.

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33

Rose, Joseph L. "A Baseline and Vision of Ultrasonic Guided Wave Inspection Potential." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 3 (July 26, 2002): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1491272.

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Ultrasonic guided wave inspection is expanding rapidly to many different areas of manufacturing and in-service inspection. The purpose of this paper is to provide a vision of ultrasonic guided wave inspection potential as we move forward into the new millennium. An increased understanding of the basic physics and wave mechanics associated with guided wave inspection has led to an increase in practical nondestructive evaluation and inspection problems. Some fundamental concepts and a number of different applications that are currently being considered will be presented in the paper along with a brief description of the sensor and software technology that will make ultrasonic guided wave inspection commonplace in the next century.

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34

Dahlstrom, Robert. "Aerial Robots for Contact-Based Ultrasonic Thickness Measurements for Field Inspections." Materials Evaluation 79, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2021.me-04213.

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Aerial robotic systems, also referred to as drones, enable the collection of data on a scale and scope heretofore unimaginable. Field inspections at industrial sites using an aerial robotic inspection system that makes physical contact with a structure or asset as part of a nondestructive testing (NDT) or nondestructive evaluation (NDE) routine is safer than placing humans at elevation and enables more data to be gathered in less time. These aerial robotic systems are highly extensible and agile enabling safer, faster, and better inspections. Robotic inspection systems are forecast to grow exponentially this decade and beyond, as asset owners and service providers realize their economic value creation, increased data collection, and safety contributions.

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35

Kim, Jaesung. "Fabricated of the SCC Reference Specimen for Increasing of In-Service Inspection Accuracy in Nuclear Power Plant." Journal of Welding and Joining 41, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2023.41.2.3.

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To achieve the safety assurance of the nuclear power plants, in-service inspection have were enforced periodic for nondestructive test in weldment. Among them, the ultrasonic evaluation is widely used for the measurement of the defects. Generally, non-destructive inspectors have calibrated a UT machine using the reference specimen in the artificial cracks such as EDM, mechanical notch. As the reflected ultrasonic signal of real crack was detected amplitude value 50% lower than artificial cracks. Therefore, domestic ultrasonic inspectors have a little experience in measuring actual cracks generated in the nuclear power plant field, such as SCC(Stress corrosion cracks, below SCC) and thermal fatigue cracking. Accordingly, in order to improve the inspection accuracy of non-destructive inspectors during operation inspection of nuclear power plant structures, it is necessary to have a lot of experience in inspecting actual cracks.In this study, non-penetration SCC for using in educational specimen of the NDT inspector were fabricated by using the simulated nuclear environment system in base metal of STS 304 pipe. The size of the used pipe were 8 inch(80 sch., thickness 12.7mm). The end of the pipe was used a flange to simulating a fixed environment of the nuclear power plant structure. To accelerate the fabrication of SCC, a corrosive environment was composed by used a blending corrosion solution of the NaOH 1M and Na2S9-H2O 0.1M inside the pipe. The potential of hydrogen of the caustic solution was 14. The fabricated SCC was confirmed for crack size and shape by used UT and RT.

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36

Severns, Dave. "Underwater Inspection of Highway Bridges - Recent Trends and Technologies." Materials Evaluation 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2023.me-04299.

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Underwater engineering evaluations of transportation assets have historically relied largely upon conventional, crewed commercial diving operations, using visual testing (VT) and tactile examination methods to detect surface discontinuities and evaluate site conditions. In practical application, this approach alone is often found to be suboptimal, due to multiple challenges inherent in conducting inspections in the underwater environment. Modern underwater inspections are increasingly reliant upon new technologies, and nondestructive testing methods beyond VT are used during conventional diving inspection to gain a broader picture of the asset and its condition, increasing efficiency while lowering risk in the process. Underwater engineering inspectors today employ traditional nondestructive technologies, including VT, ultrasonic testing (UT), and magnetic particle testing (MT) techniques, in concert with acoustic (sonar) imaging techniques and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to obtain more detailed information about the asset and adjacent waterway conditions. This approach enhances the inspection’s safety and efficiency and reduces risk to the bridge owner and end user. This article discusses today’s underwater bridge inspection approach, emphasizing the NDT technologies utilized and their benefits.

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37

Yuan, Ke Yi, Zan Dong Han, Hai Peng Zhou, and Yue Xian Zhong. "Ultrasonic Inspection for Metal Creep Based on Flight-Time-Attenuation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.164.

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Attenuation coefficient is frequently-used for ultrasonic creep inspection in metals. However, in practical inspecting, e.g. thick wall weldment in high temperature pipings, it is usually difficult to measure the accurate propagating distance of ultrasound, which results in an inaccuracy of attenuation coefficient calculation. Therefore, a modified method for attenuation coefficient calculating was proposed here, in which the flight-time of ultrasound was substituted for propagating distance. The new calculated attenuation coefficient was named as flight-time-attenuation parameter, and had a unit as dB/us. A uniaxial tension creep experiment with pure lead was conducted to verify the detecting ability of this new parameter. Two piezoelectric wafers were pasted on the pure lead specimen, and ultrasonic testing was carried out simultaneously without interrupting the tension procedure. Attenuation coefficient and flight-time-attenuation parameter were calculated with inspecting signal acquired from creep specimen, and compared with each other. The results showed that two ultrasonic parameters had the same variation tendency along with creep procedure, and flight-time-attenuation parameter had a better sensitivity. Accordingly, the flight-time-attenuation parameter could be used for ultrasonic creep inspection in metals, and worked as a replacement of attenuation coefficient calculated with propagating distance. Another creep inspecting experiment with P91 steel weldments was conducted to verify the practicability of the new parameter, in which the new flight-time-attenuation parameter showed a good distinguishing ability for different creep status.

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Schmerr, Lester W. "Ultrasonic NDE System Modeling and Reliability – An Overview." Solid State Phenomena 110 (March 2006): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.110.111.

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Over the past two and a half decades there has been considerable progress made in the modeling of ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) inspections. These models have also been combined with models of the noise and variability present in an inspection to estimate probability of detection (POD) versus flaw size curves. An overview will be given of the past and present accomplishments made in ultrasonic NDE modeling, POD modeling, and the relationship of those advances to reliability modeling that incorporates explicitly the results of inspections. A brief look into the future of this modeling technology will also be given.

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Chen, Pengchao, Rui Li, Guangming Jia, Hao Lan, Kuan Fu, and Xiaoben Liu. "A Decade Review of the Art of Inspection and Monitoring Technologies for Long-Distance Oil and Gas Pipelines in Permafrost Areas." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041751.

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Long-distance oil and gas pipelines buried in permafrost areas will inevitably encounter typical geological disasters, such as frost heave and thaw settlement and sliding, which easily cause pipeline displacement, bending, or deformation. When there are certain defects in the pipeline, additional complex, external stress will further lead to the failure of the pipeline or weld and can even lead to serious accidents such as pipeline leakage, pipe burst, or fracture. This paper introduces in detail the typical defects and risks of buried pipelines in permafrost areas and summarizes the in-line inspection technologies, off-line inspection technologies, and integrated monitoring systems for pipelines in the pipeline industry. Regarding pipelines in permafrost areas, in-line inspection methods may be employed. These include magnetic flux leakage, electromagnetic eddy current, ultrasonic, IMU, and electromagnetic acoustic transducer inspections. Off-line inspection is also one of the important means of inspecting a pipeline in a permafrost area. Indirect inspection is combined with verification by direct inspection to check and evaluate the integrity of the anticorrosive coating and the effectiveness of the cathodic protection for the pipeline. Meanwhile, considering the external environment of a pipeline in a permafrost area, a monitoring system should be developed and established. This paper discusses and projects the future development of related technologies, which provides reference for the construction and operation of pipelines in permafrost areas.

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Özdemir, Özer, Selim Gürgen, and Melih Cemal Kuşhan. "Ultrasonic Inspection for Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cast Iron." Advanced Engineering Forum 39 (February 2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.39.9.

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Ultrasonic inspection is a well-known method in non-destructive testing. Based on the changes in the ultrasonic sound speed, tested materials are evaluated in terms of internal defects. In addition to flaw detection, ultrasonic testing is used in the material characterization of ductile cast iron. Graphite shape detection has been widely investigated by ultrasonic inspection in literature. However, most of the measurements has been conducted at single frequencies. In this work, three different nodulizer included casting operations were carried out to produce ductile cast irons having various graphite morphologies. A wide frequency range of 1.25-10 MHz was selected in the ultrasonic inspection. In addition to graphite morphology analyses, the relationship between ultrasonic sound speed and mechanical properties was studied. In the mechanical analyses, hardness and tensile testing properties were investigated for the specimens. From the results, ultrasonic sound speed exhibits a considerable dependency to the graphite morphology. In addition to a good graphite detection capability, ultrasonic inspection exhibits promising results for predicting the mechanical properties such as hardness, elastic modulus, yield strength and tensile strength. It is also found that there is a slight increase in the ultrasonic sound speed by increasing the frequency, although sound speed is independent from this parameter.

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Park, Seung Kyu, Sung Hoon Baik, Chang Hwan Lim, Cheol Jung Kim, and Young June Kang. "Spectrum Analysis of an Ultrasonic Signal According to a Surface Status by Using a Robust Laser-Based Ultrasonic System." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 1439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.1439.

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A laser-based ultrasonic inspection system is a non-contact scanning device with a high spatial resolution and a wide spectrum bandwidth. In this paper, we developed a laser-based ultrasonic inspection system by fabricating a pulse laser and a Confocal Fabry-Perot Interferometer (CFPI) with a dynamic stabilizer. The dynamic stabilizer generates ultrasound by adaptively obtaining the time of the maximum gain of the CFPI whose gain is varied with the time. Then, a computer adaptively corrects the measurement error by using the gain of the CFPI at the measuring time. In this paper, we describe the hardware configurations and the control algorithms to build the stable laser-based ultrasonic inspection system. We have investigated an ultrasonic signal in the time and frequency domain to detect micro cracks through experiments. We experimentally confirmed that the proposed error correction method is effective for improving the performance of the system and the configured ultrasonic inspection system is stable

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Reddy, Vishnu V. B., Jaimal Williamson, and Suresh K. Sitaraman. "Measurement Capability of Laser Ultrasonic Inspection System for Evaluation of Ball-Grid Array Package Solder Balls." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.1501802.

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Abstract Laser ultrasonic inspection is a novel, noncontact, and nondestructive technique to evaluate the quality of solder interconnections in microelectronic packages. In this technique, identification of defects or failures in solder interconnections is performed by comparing the out-of-plane displacement signals, which are produced from the propagation of ultrasonic waves, from a known good reference sample and sample under test. The laboratory-scale dual-fiber array laser ultrasonic inspection system has successfully demonstrated identifying the defects and failures in the solder interconnections in advanced microelectronic packages such as chip-scale packages, plastic ball grid array packages, and flip-chip ball grid array packages. However, the success of any metrology system depends upon precise and accurate data to be useful in the microelectronic industry. This paper has demonstrated the measurement capability of the dual-fiber array laser ultrasonic inspection system using gage repeatability and reproducibility analysis. Industrial flip-chip ball grid array packages have been used for conducting experiments using the laser ultrasonic inspection system and the inspection data are used to perform repeatability and reproducibility analysis. Gage repeatability and reproducibility studies have also been used to choose a known good reference sample for comparing the samples under test.

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Kim, YoungLae, Sungjong Cho, and Ik Keun Park. "Analysis of Flaw Detection Sensitivity of Phased Array Ultrasonics in Austenitic Steel Welds According to Inspection Conditions." Sensors 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010242.

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The anisotropy and inhomogeneity exhibited by austenitic steel in welds poses a challenge to nondestructive testing employing ultrasonic waves, which is predominantly utilized for the inspection of welds in power plants. In this study, we assess the reliability of phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) by analyzing the flaw detection sensitivity of ultrasonic beams in anisotropic welds, based on the inspection conditions. First, we simulated the sectorial scan technique, frequently employed for the inspection of actual welds, while taking into account the ultrasonic wave mode, frequency, and shape and position of a flaw. Subsequently, we analyzed the flaw sensitivity by comparing A-scan signals and S-scan results. The sensitivity analysis results confirmed the detection of all flaws by considering at least two inspection methods based on the shape and position of the flaw. Furthermore, we verified our model by performing an experiment under the same conditions as the simulation and found that the results were in agreement. Hence, we find that the simulation modeling technique proposed in this study can be utilized to develop suitable inspection conditions, according to the flaw characteristics or inspection environment.

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Hopko, Sandra N., I. Charles Ume, and Dathan S. Erdahl. "Development of a Flexible Laser Ultrasonic Probe." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 124, no. 2 (April 29, 2002): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1379369.

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Ultrasonics is a widely used nondestructive testing technique, which is often applied off-line for weld quality inspection. Laser ultrasonic (LU) inspection systems have the potential for on-line application, providing the means to identify unacceptable welds as they are formed. Because LU systems are non-contacting, they can be used for testing moving specimens or for operation in hazardous and/or high temperature environments. A highly versatile system can be created when an optical fiber delivery system is incorporated into the design. Introduction of a focusing objective increases the allowable working distance and permits stronger generation using material ablation as the generating mechanism. This paper describes the development of a laser ultrasonic probe using an optical fiber delivery system with a distal end, focusing objective. The optical fiber delivery system can be configured as a single fiber source, a linear array (fiber bundle) or a phased array. Results include experimentally obtained directivity patterns demonstrating ultrasonic generation using ablation sources. Thermoelastic source results are also included. This paper demonstrates the potential of the fiber tool and presents an overview of the weld control scheme.

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Chapman, Paul W. "Ultrasonic Inspection of Rotary Shouldered Connections." SPE Drilling Engineering 3, no. 01 (March 1, 1988): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/16073-pa.

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Smith, R. A., J. M. Bending, L. D. Jones, T. R. C. Jarman, and D. I. A. Lines. "Rapid ultrasonic inspection of ageing aircraft." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 45, no. 3 (March 2003): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.45.3.174.53148.

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TAKATSUBO, Junji, Hidekazu MIYAUCHI, Shigeki YASHIRO, Bo WANG, Hiroshi TSUDA, and Nobuyuki TOYAMA. "The Forefront of Ultrasonic Damage Inspection." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 26, no. 103 (2006): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.26.277.

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Wolfenden, A., DK Rehbein, RB Thompson, and O. Buck. "Fatigue Crack Characterization by Ultrasonic Inspection." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 18, no. 6 (1990): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte12511j.

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Toshiba Corporation. "Ultrasonic inspection system for electronic components." NDT International 22, no. 6 (December 1989): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(89)91259-5.

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Sonomatic Limited. "Remote control manipulator for ultrasonic inspection." NDT International 23, no. 1 (February 1990): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(90)91588-k.

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