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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultrafast laser ablation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Rethfeld, Baerbel, Dmitriy S. Ivanov, Martin E. Garcia, and Sergei I. Anisimov. "Modelling ultrafast laser ablation." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 50, no. 19 (April 10, 2017): 193001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/50/19/193001.

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2

Xiaochang Ni, Xiaochang Ni, Anoop K. K. Anoop K.K., Mario Bianco Mario Bianco, Salvatore Amoruso Salvatore Amoruso, Xuan Wang Xuan Wang, Tong Li Tong Li, Minglie Hu Minglie Hu, and Zhenming Song Zhenming Song. "Ion dynamics in ultrafast laser ablation of copper target." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 9 (2013): 093201–93205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.093201.

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3

Ionin, Andrey A., Sergey I. Kudryashov, Sergey V. Makarov, N. N. Mel’nik, Pavel N. Saltuganov, Leonid V. Seleznev, and Dmitry V. Sinitsyn. "Ultrafast femtosecond laser ablation of graphite." Laser Physics Letters 12, no. 7 (June 1, 2015): 075301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-2011/12/7/075301.

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4

Reis, D. A., K. J. Gaffney, G. H. Gilmer, and B. Torralva. "Ultrafast Dynamics of Laser-Excited Solids." MRS Bulletin 31, no. 8 (August 2006): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2006.156.

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AbstractWe discuss recent experimental and theoretical results on ultrafast materials dynamics. Intense, femtosecond lasers can deposit energy in a time that is short compared with relaxation processes and can generate extremely large carrier densities that drive bond softening, nonthermal melting, and ablation. In particular, we present optical experiments on electronic softening of coherent phonons in bismuth and x-ray experiments on ultrafast disordering in indium antimonide that probe the bonding of the lattice under successively higher carrier concentrations. We review a number of molecular dynamics simulations and their assumptions, which address nonthermal melting. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations elucidate the role of void formation in laser ablation.

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5

Yin, C. P., S. T. Zhang, Y. W. Dong, Q. W. Ye, and Q. Li. "Molecular-dynamics study of multi-pulsed ultrafast laser interaction with copper." Advances in Production Engineering & Management 16, no. 4 (December 18, 2021): 457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14743/apem2021.4.413.

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Ultrafast laser has an undeniable advantage in laser processing due to its extremely small pulse width and high peak energy. While the interaction of ultrafast laser and solid materials is an extremely non-equilibrium process in which the material undergoes phase transformation and even ablation in an extremely short time range. This is the coupling of the thermos elastic effect caused by the pressure wave and the superheated melting of the material lattice. To further explore the mechanism of the action of ultrafast laser and metal materials, the two-temperature model coupling with molecular dynamics method was used to simulate the interaction of the copper and laser energy. Firstly, the interaction of single-pulsed laser and copper film was reproduced, and the calculated two-temperature curve and the visualized atomic snapshots were used to investigate the influence of laser parameters on the ablation result. Then, by changing the size of the atomic system, the curve of ablation depth as a function of laser fluence was obtained. In this paper, the interaction of multi-pulsed laser and copper was calculated. Two-temperature curve and temperature contour of copper film after the irradiation of double-pulsed and multi-pulsed laser were obtained. And the factors which can make a difference to the incubation effect were analyzed. By calculating the ablation depth under the action of multi-pulsed laser, the influence of the incubation effect on ablation results was further explored. Finally, a more accurate numerical model of laser machining metal is established and verified by an ultra-short laser processing experiment, which provides a new calculation method and theoretical basis for ultra-fast laser machining of air film holes in aviation turbine blades, and has certain practical guiding significance for laser machining.

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6

Ryabchikov, Yury V., Inam Mirza, Miroslava Flimelová, Antonin Kana, and Oleksandr Romanyuk. "Merging of Bi-Modality of Ultrafast Laser Processing: Heating of Si/Au Nanocomposite Solutions with Controlled Chemical Content." Nanomaterials 14, no. 4 (February 6, 2024): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14040321.

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Ultrafast laser processing possesses unique outlooks for the synthesis of novel nanoarchitectures and their further applications in the field of life science. It allows not only the formation of multi-element nanostructures with tuneable performance but also provides various non-invasive laser-stimulated modalities. In this work, we employed ultrafast laser processing for the manufacturing of silicon–gold nanocomposites (Si/Au NCs) with the Au mass fraction variable from 15% (0.5 min ablation time) to 79% (10 min) which increased their plasmonic efficiency by six times and narrowed the bandgap from 1.55 eV to 1.23 eV. These nanostructures demonstrated a considerable fs laser-stimulated hyperthermia with a Au-dependent heating efficiency (~10–20 °C). The prepared surfactant-free colloidal solutions showed good chemical stability with a decrease (i) of zeta (ξ) potential (from −46 mV to −30 mV) and (ii) of the hydrodynamic size of the nanoparticles (from 104 nm to 52 nm) due to the increase in the laser ablation time from 0.5 min to 10 min. The electrical conductivity of NCs revealed a minimum value (~1.53 µS/cm) at 2 min ablation time while their increasing concentration was saturated (~1012 NPs/mL) at 7 min ablation duration. The formed NCs demonstrated a polycrystalline Au nature regardless of the laser ablation time accompanied with the coexistence of oxidized Au and oxidized Si as well as gold silicide phases at a shorter laser ablation time (<1 min) and the formation of a pristine Au at a longer irradiation. Our findings demonstrate the merged employment of ultrafast laser processing for the design of multi-element NCs with tuneable properties reveal efficient composition-sensitive photo-thermal therapy modality.

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7

Li, Celina L., Carl J. Fisher, Ray Burke, and Stefan Andersson-Engels. "Orthopedics-Related Applications of Ultrafast Laser and Its Recent Advances." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 3957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083957.

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The potential of ultrafast lasers (pico- to femtosecond) in orthopedics-related procedures has been studied extensively for clinical adoption. As compared to conventional laser systems with continuous wave or longer wave pulse, ultrafast lasers provide advantages such as higher precision and minimal collateral thermal damages. Translation to surgical applications in the clinic has been restrained by limitations of material removal rate and pulse average power, whereas the use in surface texturing of implants has become more refined to greatly improve bioactivation and osteointegration within bone matrices. With recent advances, we review the advantages and limitations of ultrafast lasers, specifically in orthopedic bone ablation as well as bone implant laser texturing, and consider the difficulties encountered within orthopedic surgical applications where ultrafast lasers could provide a benefit. We conclude by proposing our perspectives on applications where ultrafast lasers could be of advantage, specifically due to the non-thermal nature of ablation and control of cutting.

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8

Lu, Mingyu, Ming Zhang, Kaihu Zhang, Qinggeng Meng, and Xueqiang Zhang. "Femtosecond UV Laser Ablation Characteristics of Polymers Used as the Matrix of Astronautic Composite Material." Materials 15, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 6771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196771.

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Ultrafast laser processing has recently emerged as a new tool for processing fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. In the astronautic industry, the modified epoxy resin (named 4211) and the modified cyanate ester resin (known as BS-4) are two of the most widely used polymers for polymer-based composites. To study the removal mechanism and ablation process of different material components during the ultrafast laser processing of FRPs, we isolated the role of the two important polymers from their composites by studying their femtosecond UV laser (260 fs, 343 nm) ablation characteristics for controllable machining and understanding the related mechanisms. Intrinsic properties for the materials’ transmission spectrum, the absorption coefficient and the optical bandgap (Eg), were measured, derived, and compared. Key parameters for controllable laser processing, including the ablation threshold (Fth), energy penetration depth (δeff), and absorbed energy density (Eabs) at the ablation threshold, as well as their respective “incubation” effect under multiple pulse excitations, were deduced analytically. The ablation thresholds for the two resins, derived from both the diameter-regression and depth-regression techniques, were compared between resins and between techniques. An optical bandgap of 3.1 eV and 2.8 eV for the 4211 and BS-4 resins, respectively, were obtained. A detectable but insignificant-to-ablation difference in intrinsic properties and ablation characteristics between the two resins was found. A systematic discrepancy, by a factor of 30%~50%, between the two techniques for deriving ablation thresholds was shown and discussed. For the 4211 resin ablated by a single UV laser pulse, a Fth of 0.42 J/cm2, a δeff of 219 nm, and an Eabs of 18.4 kJ/cm3was suggested, and they are 0.45 J/cm2, 183 nm, and 23.2 kJ/cm3, respectively, for the BS-4 resin. The study may shed light on the materials’ UV laser processing, further the theoretical modeling of ultrafast laser ablation, and provide a reference for the femtosecond UV laser processing characteristics of FRPs for the future.

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9

Pallarés-Aldeiturriaga, David, Alain Abou Khalil, Jean-Philippe Colombier, Razvan Stoian, and Xxx Sedao. "Ultrafast Cylindrical Vector Beams for Improved Energy Feedthrough and Low Roughness Surface Ablation of Metals." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010176.

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The use of ultrafast cylindrical vector vortex beams in laser–matter interactions permits new ablation features to be harnessed from inhomogeneous distributions of polarization and beam geometry. As a consequence, the ablation process can yield higher ablation efficiency compared with conventional Gaussian beams. These beams prevent surface quality degradation during the ablative processes. When processing stainless steel and titanium, the average surface roughness obtained by deploying the cylindrical vector is up to 94% lower than the Gaussian case, and the processing efficiency is 80% higher.

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10

Hernandez-Rueda, Javier, Anne de Beurs, and Dries van Oosten. "Ultrafast laser ablation of trapped gold nanoparticles." Optics Letters 44, no. 13 (June 25, 2019): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.44.003294.

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11

Lopez-Quintas, Ignacio, Vincent Loriot, David Ávila, Jesus G. Izquierdo, Esther Rebollar, Luis Bañares, Marta Castillejo, Rebeca de Nalda, and Margarita Martin. "Ablation dynamics of Co/ZnS targets under double pulse femtosecond laser irradiation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 5 (2016): 3522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp05290d.

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12

Meyer, Tobias, Roland Ackermann, Robert Kammel, Michael Schmitt, Stefan Nolte, Andreas Tünnermann, and Jürgen Popp. "CARS-imaging guidance for fs-laser ablation precision surgery." Analyst 144, no. 24 (2019): 7310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an01545k.

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13

Penilla, E. H., L. F. Devia-Cruz, A. T. Wieg, P. Martinez-Torres, N. Cuando-Espitia, P. Sellappan, Y. Kodera, G. Aguilar, and J. E. Garay. "Ultrafast laser welding of ceramics." Science 365, no. 6455 (August 22, 2019): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw6699.

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Welding of ceramics is a key missing component in modern manufacturing. Current methods cannot join ceramics in proximity to temperature-sensitive materials like polymers and electronic components. We introduce an ultrafast pulsed laser welding approach that relies on focusing light on interfaces to ensure an optical interaction volume in ceramics to stimulate nonlinear absorption processes, causing localized melting rather than ablation. The key is the interplay between linear and nonlinear optical properties and laser energy–material coupling. The welded ceramic assemblies hold high vacuum and have shear strengths comparable to metal-to-ceramic diffusion bonds. Laser welding can make ceramics integral components in devices for harsh environments as well as in optoelectronic and/or electronic packages needing visible-radio frequency transparency.

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14

WANG, C. Z., and K. M. HO. "ATOMISTIC SIMULATION OF LASER ABLATION OF DIAMOND AND SILICON (111) SURFACE." Surface Review and Letters 06, no. 06 (December 1999): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x99001104.

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Tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study femtosecond-laser ablation of diamond and silicon (111) surface. The simulation results show that under intense ultrafast laser ablation the diamond (111) surface graphitizes while the silicon (111) surface melts spontaneously. All structural changes occur within a few hundred femtoseconds, which is much shorter than the typical lattice dynamics time scale, in consistent with experimental observations.

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15

Matsumoto, Hisashi, Zhibin Lin, Joel N. Schrauben, and Jan Kleinert. "Ultrafast laser ablation of silicon with ∼GHz bursts." Journal of Laser Applications 33, no. 3 (August 2021): 032010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0000372.

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16

Lopez, John, Girolamo Mincuzzi, Raphael Devillard, Yoann Zaouter, Clemens Hönninger, Eric Mottay, and Rainer Kling. "Ablation efficiency of high average power ultrafast laser." Journal of Laser Applications 27, S2 (February 2015): S28008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4906479.

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17

Amoruso, S., N. N. Nedyalkov, X. Wang, G. Ausanio, R. Bruzzese, and P. A. Atanasov. "Ultrafast laser ablation of gold thin film targets." Journal of Applied Physics 110, no. 12 (December 15, 2011): 124303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3668126.

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18

Richman, Ethan J., Yu-Tien Chou, Yanpei Deng, Logan Kaelbling, Ziwei Liang, Grey McAlaine, Cameron Miller, Mac Selesnick, Christopher N. LaFratta, and Paul Cadden-Zimansky. "Ultrafast laser ablation of graphene under water immersion." Optical Materials Express 9, no. 9 (August 30, 2019): 3871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.9.003871.

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19

OHMURA, Etsuji, Ichirou FUKUMOTO, and Isamu MIYAMOTO. "Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Ultrafast Laser Ablation Phenomena." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 66, no. 10 (2000): 1606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.66.1606.

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20

Tavangar, Amirhossein, Bo Tan, and K. Venkatakrishnan. "Deposition of fibrous nanostructure by ultrafast laser ablation." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 20, no. 5 (March 23, 2010): 055002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/20/5/055002.

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21

Golightly, Justin S., and A. W. Castleman. "Synthesis of Zirconium Nanoparticles by Ultrafast Laser Ablation." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 221, no. 11-12 (December 2007): 1455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.2007.221.11-12.1455.

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22

Rode, A. V., K. G. H. Baldwin, A. Wain, N. R. Madsen, D. Freeman, Ph Delaporte, and B. Luther-Davies. "Ultrafast laser ablation for restoration of heritage objects." Applied Surface Science 254, no. 10 (March 2008): 3137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.10.106.

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23

Li, Mingyu, Jifei Ye, Lan Li, Bangdeng Du, Ying Wang, Heyan Gao, and Chenghao Yu. "Comparison of Submillimeter Spot Ablation of Copper and Nickel by Multipulse Picosecond and Femtosecond Laser." Metals 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12111971.

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The current transmission and reflection laser ablation micropropulsion modes have the problem of a complex working medium supply system in engineering. Therefore, we propose large-spot laser ablation with a one-dimensional supply mode. In order to verify this ablation mode, a multipulse ablation experiment of submillimeter-scale light spots was carried out on the surface of pretreated copper and nickel under the atmosphere using an ultrafast laser with a pulse width of 290 fs and 10 ps. The results show that femtosecond laser multipulse ablation (FLMA) leads to the grain refinement of copper, the crater quality of the two metals under FLMA is better, and picosecond laser multipulse ablation (PLMA) causes the crater of nickel to form a dense remelting bulge that affects laser absorption; both metals have obvious heat-affected zones after FLMA and PLMA, the heat-affected zones of nickel are 5–10% larger than those of copper, and the ablation depth of copper is deeper. Under the same conditions, the ablation mass of copper is smaller than that of nickel, and the specific impulse performance of laser ablation micropropulsion is better.

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24

Song, Jichao, and Jingya Sun. "Femtosecond Laser Fabrication and Ultrafast Dynamics Study on FTO Film." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2356, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2356/1/012018.

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Transparent conductive oxides (TCO) are widely used in optoelectronic devices due to their high visible light transmittance and high electrical conductivity. Fabricating micro-nano structures on TCO films with femtosecond lasers can further enhance their optoelectronic properties. However, most of the existing researches on femtosecond laser processing of TCO films focus on materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and ZnO, and the research on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) is still insufficient. In this paper, the ablation rules of FTO film irradiated by femtosecond laser is studied in detail. When the fluence is reduced to 1/e2 of the peak value as the radius of the laser spot, the ablation threshold measured by epitaxy method is 1.27 J/cm2. The experiment explores the ablation morphology of FTO film irradiated by single femtosecond laser pulse. When the laser fluence is 2.8-8.3 J/cm2, a bowl-shaped micro-crater is ablated, and when the laser fluence is 9.6-23.4 J/cm2, a secondary crater with a vertical inner wall and a flat bottom generates in the center of the ablated bowl-shaped crater. The pump-probe technique was used to study the ultrafast dynamics of the femtosecond laser interaction with FTO film, and we found that the phase explosion was responsible for the bowl-shaped crater formation.

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25

Yao, Jiali, Dalong Qi, Hongtao Liang, Yilin He, Yunhua Yao, Tianqing Jia, Yang Yang, Zhenrong Sun, and Shian Zhang. "Exploring Femtosecond Laser Ablation by Snapshot Ultrafast Imaging and Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Ultrafast Science 2022 (October 20, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9754131.

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Femtosecond laser ablation (FLA) has been playing a prominent role in precision fabrication of material because of its circumvention of thermal effect and extremely high spatial resolution. Molecular dynamics modeling, as a powerful tool to study the mechanism of femtosecond laser ablation, still lacks the connection between its simulation results and experimental observations at present. Here we combine a single-shot chirped spectral mapping ultrafast photography (CSMUP) technique in experiment and a three-dimensional two-temperature model-based molecular dynamics (3D TTM-MD) method in theory to jointly investigate the FLA process of bulky gold. Our experimental and simulated results show quite high consistency in time-resolved morphologic dynamics. According to the highly accurate simulations, the FLA process of gold at the high laser fluence is dominated by the phase explosion, which shows drastic vaporized cluster eruption and pressure dynamics, while the FLA process at the low laser fluence mainly results from the photomechanical spallation, which shows moderate temperature and pressure dynamics. This study reveals the ultrafast dynamics of gold with different ablation schemes, which has a guiding significance for the applications of FLA on various kinds of materials.

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26

Obata, Kotaro, Francesc Caballero-Lucas, Shota Kawabata, Godai Miyaji, and Koji Sugioka. "GHz bursts in MHz burst (BiBurst) enabling high-speed femtosecond laser ablation of silicon due to prevention of air ionization." International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 5, no. 2 (April 11, 2023): 025002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/acc0e5.

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Abstract For the practical use of femtosecond laser ablation, inputs of higher laser intensity are preferred to attain high-throughput material removal. However, the use of higher laser intensities for increasing ablation rates can have detrimental effects on ablation quality due to excess heat generation and air ionization. This paper employs ablation using BiBurst femtosecond laser pulses, which consist of multiple bursts (2 and 5 bursts) at a repetition rate of 64 MHz, each containing multiple intra-pulses (2–20 pulses) at an ultrafast repetition rate of 4.88 GHz, to overcome these conflicting conditions. Ablation of silicon substrates using the BiBurst mode with 5 burst pulses and 20 intra-pulses successfully prevents air breakdown at packet energies higher than the pulse energy inducing the air ionization by the conventional femtosecond laser pulse irradiation (single-pulse mode). As a result, ablation speed can be enhanced by a factor of 23 without deteriorating the ablation quality compared to that by the single-pulse mode ablation under the conditions where the air ionization is avoided.

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27

Caballero-Lucas, Francesc, Kotaro Obata, and Koji Sugioka. "Enhanced ablation efficiency for silicon by femtosecond laser microprocessing with GHz bursts in MHz bursts(BiBurst)." International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 015103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ac466e.

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Abstract Ultrashort laser pulses confine material processing to the laser-irradiated area by suppressing heat diffusion, resulting in precise ablation in diverse materials. However, challenges occur when high speed material removal and higher ablation efficiencies are required. Ultrafast burst mode laser ablation has been proposed as a successful method to overcome these limitations. Following this approach, we studied the influence of combining GHz bursts in MHz bursts, known as BiBurst mode, on ablation efficiency of silicon. BiBurst mode used in this study consists of multiple bursts happening at a repetition rate of 64 MHz, each of which contains multiple pulses with a repetition rate of 5 GHz. The obtained results show differences between BiBurst mode and conventional single pulse mode laser ablation, with a remarkable increase in ablation efficiency for the BiBurst mode, which under optimal conditions can ablate a volume 4.5 times larger than the single pulse mode ablation while delivering the same total energy in the process.

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28

Polek, M., and A. Hassanein. "Dependence of silicon ablation regimes on fluence during ultrafast laser irradiation." Laser and Particle Beams 34, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034615001044.

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AbstractModels and experiments were developed to study femtosecond laser ablation of silicon using 800 nm, 40 fs pulses with fluences ranging from 0.5 to 35 J/cm2. At low fluences, ablation was found to occur due to bubble formation and splashing within the melt layer. At higher fluences, it was found that the ablation depth exceeded the melt layer depth due to shockwave ablation. The variation in ion flux and ion velocity was also studied both experimentally and theoretically. It was found that the variation in ion flux is mainly dependent on the variation in the average charge state, with only a small variation in the total number of ions above $\sim \!\!1.5\; \,{\rm J/c}{{\rm m}^2}$. Comparisons between the theoretical and experimental ion flux showed that higher charge state ions received greater portion of the laser energy compared with lower charge state ions.

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29

Cangueiro, Liliana, José Antonio Ramos-de-Campos, and David Bruneel. "Prediction of Thermal Damage upon Ultrafast Laser Ablation of Metals." Molecules 26, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 6327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216327.

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Ultrafast lasers micromachining results depend on both the processing parameters and the material properties. The obtained thermal effects are negligible if a good combination of processing parameters is chosen. However, optimizing the processing parameters leading to the required surface quality on a given material can be quite complex and time consuming. We developed a semi-empirical model to estimate the heat accumulation on a surface as a function of the laser fluence, scanning speed and repetition rate. The simulation results were correlated with experimental ones on different materials, and compared with the transient temperature distributions calculated using an analytical solution to the heat transfer equation. The predictions of the proposed model allow evaluating the heat distribution on the surface, as well as optimizing the ultrafast laser micromachining strategy, yielding negligible thermal damage.

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30

Garasz, Katarzyna, and Marek Kocik. "Experimental Investigations on Laser Ablation of Aluminum in Sub-Picosecond Regimes." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 8883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248883.

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Due to high power and ultrashort pulses, femtosecond lasers excel at (but are not limited to) processing materials whose thicknesses are less than 500 microns. Numerous experiments and theoretical analyses testify to the fact that there are solid grounds for the applications of ultrafast laser micromachining. However, with high costs and complexity of these devices, a sub-picosecond laser that might be an alternative when it comes to various micromachining applications, such as patterns and masks in thin metal foils, micro-nozzles, thermo-detectors, MEMS (micro electro-mechanical systems), sensors, etc. Furthermore, the investigation of sub-picosecond laser interactions with matter could provide more knowledge on the ablation mechanisms and experimental verification of existing models for ultrashort pulse regimes. In this article, we present the research on sub-picosecond laser interactions with thin aluminum foil under various laser pulse parameters. Research was conducted with two types of ultrafast lasers: a prototype sub-picosecond Yb:KYW laser (650 fs) and a commercially available femtosecond Ti:S laser (35 fs). The results show how the variables such as pulse width, energy, frequency, wavelength and irradiation time affect the micromachining process.

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31

Babiy, Michael, Fedor Bystrov, Yuliya Biryukova, and Sergey Golik. "Three-Dimensional Ultrafast Laser Micromachining of Silicon for Microsystems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.197.

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The result of direct ablation of silicon by an 800 nm Ti:Sa femtosecond laser pulses are presented. The minimum size of the crater on the silica surface ~ 250 nm was obtained, and in the central region of this crater can be identified about 170 nm in depth. In the ablation mode by single pulses received ordered structure with a length of ~ 230 nm and width of ~ 1.8 um and a period of ~ 1 um. Increasing the number of pulses without changing the focus position leads to complex and heterogeneous structure of modifications of silicon.

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32

Kopyeva, Mariya S., Serafima A. Filatova, Vladimir A. Kamynin, Anton I. Trikshev, Elizaveta I. Kozlikina, Vadim V. Astashov, Victor B. Loschenov, and Vladimir B. Tsvetkov. "Ex Vivo Exposure to Soft Biological Tissues by the 2-μm All-Fiber Ultrafast Holmium Laser System." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 10, 2022): 3825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083825.

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We present the results of ex vivo exposure by an ultrafast all-fiber Holmium laser system to porcine longissimus muscle tissues. A simple Ho-doped laser system generated ultrashort pulsed radiation with less than 1 ps pulse width and a repetition rate of 20 MHz at a central wavelength of 2.06 μm. Single-spot ex vivo experiments were performed at an average power of 0.3 W and different exposure times of 5, 30 and 60 s, varying the total applied energy in the range of 1.5–18 J. Evaluation of laser radiation exposure was performed according to the depth and diameter of coagulation zones, ablation craters and thermal damage zones during the morphological study. Exposure by ultrashort pulsed radiation with an average power of 0.3 W showed destructive changes in the muscle tissue after 5 s and nucleation of an ablative crater. The maximum ablation efficiency was about 28% at the ablation depth and diameter of 180 μm and 500 μm, respectively. The continuous-wave radiation impact at the same parameters resulted only in heating of the near-muscular tissue, without ablation and coagulation traces. Exposure to tissue with an average power at 0.3 W of ultrashort pulsed radiation led, within 30 and 60 s, to similar results as caused by 0.5 W of continuous-wave radiation, although with less carbonization formation.

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33

Mezzapesa, F. P., V. Spagnolo, A. Ancona, and G. Scamarcio. "Detection of ultrafast laser ablation using quantum cascade laser-based sensing." Applied Physics Letters 101, no. 17 (October 22, 2012): 171107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764115.

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34

Yuan, Yan Ping, Ji Min Chen, and Fu Rong Liu. "Ultrafast Dynamics of Sub-Wavelength Periodic Surface Structuring during Femtosecond Laser Processing of Dielectrics." Advanced Materials Research 1035 (October 2014): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1035.426.

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A femtosecond laser pulse duration is shorter than many physical/chemical characteristic times, which makes it possible to control electron dynamics such as ionizations and electron densities. This study expermetally investigtes the effects of laser fluence on sub-wavelength periodic surface structuring based on ultrafast laser electron dynamics control. A quantum model for the sub-wavelength periodic surface structuring is also proposed, which considers both the wave properties in the photon particle-properties based plasma model for photon-electron interactions and transient localized changes of material properties. It shows that the laser fluence strongly affects the ablation crater shapes. The prediction of ablation crater shape and periodicity is in agreement with experimental data.

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Metzner, Daniel, Markus Olbrich, Peter Lickschat, Alexander Horn, and Steffen Weißmantel. "Experimental and Theoretical Determination of the Effective Penetration Depth of Ultrafast Laser Radiation in Stainless Steel." Lasers in Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, no. 4 (October 14, 2020): 478–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40516-020-00129-9.

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AbstractThis study intends to present a simple two-temperature model (TTM) for the fast calculation of the ablation depth as well as the corresponding effective penetration depth for stainless steel by considering temperature-dependent material parameters. The model is validated by a comparison of the calculated to the experimentally determined ablation depth and the corresponding effective penetration depth in dependence on the pulse duration (200 fs up to 10 ps) and the fluence. The TTM enables to consider the interaction of pulsed laser radiation with the electron system and the subsequent interaction of the electrons with the phonon system. The theoretical results fit very well to the experimental results and enable the understanding of the dependence of the ablation depth and of the effective penetration depth on the pulse duration. Laser radiation with a pulse duration in the femtosecond regime results in larger ablation depths compared to longer-pulsed laser radiation in the picosecond regime. Analogously to the ablation depth, larger effective penetration depths are observed due to considerably higher electron temperatures for laser radiation with pulse durations in the femtosecond regime.

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Canacoo, Sampson, Enrique Contreras Lopez, Oscar Coronel, Farid Ahmed, Jianzhi Li, and Anil Srivastava. "Ultrafast Laser Ablation of Inconel 718 for Surface Improvement." Manufacturing Letters 33 (September 2022): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2022.07.054.

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Ren Huan, 任欢, 王俊波 Wang Junbo, 邱荣 Qiu Rong, 周强 Zhou Qiang, 刘浩 Liu Hao, and 马平 Ma Ping. "Ultrafast dynamics of intense femtosecond laser ablation of silicon." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24, no. 12 (2012): 2787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20122412.2787.

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Liu, Bing, Zhendong Hu, Yong Che, Yanbin Chen, and Xiaoqing Pan. "Nanoparticle generation in ultrafast pulsed laser ablation of nickel." Applied Physics Letters 90, no. 4 (January 22, 2007): 044103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2434168.

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Lanvin, Thomas, Donald B. Conkey, Aurelien Frobert, Jeremy Valentin, Jean-Jacques Goy, Stéphane Cook, Marie-Noelle Giraud, and Demetri Psaltis. "Subsurface ablation of atherosclerotic plaque using ultrafast laser pulses." Biomedical Optics Express 6, no. 7 (June 16, 2015): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.6.002552.

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Rao, S. Venugopal, G. Krishna Podagatlapalli, and Syed Hamad. "Ultrafast Laser Ablation in Liquids for Nanomaterials and Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 1364–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2014.9138.

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Wang, Han, Kai Zhao, Hong Shen, and Zhenqiang Yao. "Surface evolution in ultrafast laser ablation of fused silica." Optics & Laser Technology 131 (November 2020): 106420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106420.

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Gallais, L., E. Bergeret, B. Wang, M. Guerin, and E. Bènevent. "Ultrafast laser ablation of metal films on flexible substrates." Applied Physics A 115, no. 1 (August 25, 2013): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7901-2.

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Wang, Chien-Ping, Ching-Pong Chou, Po-Chun Wang, and Tien-Li Chang. "Flexible graphene-based micro-capacitors using ultrafast laser ablation." Microelectronic Engineering 215 (July 2019): 111000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2019.111000.

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44

Donnelly, T., J. G. Lunney, S. Amoruso, R. Bruzzese, X. Wang, and X. Ni. "Double pulse ultrafast laser ablation of nickel in vacuum." Journal of Applied Physics 106, no. 1 (July 2009): 013304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3159010.

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Zhang, W., F. Aljekhedab, X. Wang, Q. Fang, and G. Shen. "Micromorphology study of bovine bone after ultrafast laser ablation." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 46 (March 2017): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.751.

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Xiong, Chang-Wei, Ching-Yen Ho, and Dong-Kai Qiao. "Analysis of Direct Optical Ablation and Sequent Thermal Ablation for the Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Photo-Thermal Micromachining." Coatings 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121151.

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An ultra-fast pulsed laser for materials processing can obtain submicrometer- to nanometer-sized parts or patterns (precision or accuracy) because the heat cannot diffuse in time for an ultra-fast pulsed duration, and this causes a threshold of ablation in multi-photoabsorption. The optical and thermal effects significantly affect the processing quality of an ultrashort pulsed laser for materials. This study utilizes a Laplace transform method to display the optical and thermal effects on the temperature field and the ablated depth of an ultrashort pulsed laser processing of materials. The results reveal that If an ultrafast pulsed laser-induced heat can keep the irradiated region above the evaporated temperature until the thermal diffusion occurs in the lattice of materials, thermal ablation occurs. The optical ablation can get a better processing quality due to less thermal diffusion. This study theoretically elucidates that the depth of optical ablation approximates the product of an optical absorption length and the logarithm of the ratio of laser fluence to laser fluence threshold. It has also been shown that the optical and thermal ablation, respectively, occur in low and high laser fluence because the optical ablation depends directly on the main source of the incident ultrashort pulsed laser. However, the thermal ablation is determined by the residual heat directly from the incident ultrashort pulsed laser after the optical ablation. The increase rate of the ablated depth per pulse with laser fluence is actually lower at high laser fluences than that at low laser fluences because the thermal ablation using the residual heat directly from the incident ultrashort pulsed laser is governed at high laser fluences. This study will provide the closed-form of a solution that elucidate the direct optical ablation and sequent thermal ablation for the ultra-fast pulsed laser photo-thermal processing.

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Leggio, Luca, Yoan Di Maio, Alina Pascale-Hamri, Gregory Egaud, Stephanie Reynaud, Xxx Sedao, and Cyril Mauclair. "Ultrafast Laser Patterning of Metals Commonly Used in Medical Industry: Surface Roughness Control with Energy Gradient Pulse Sequences." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020251.

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Ultrafast laser ablation is widely used as a versatile method for accurate micro-machining of polymers, glasses and metals for a variety of industrial and biomedical applications. We report on the use of a novel process parameter, the modulation of the laser pulse energy during the multi-scan texturing of surfaces. We show that this new and straightforward control method allows us to attain higher and lower roughness (Ra) values than the conventional constant pulse energy irradiation sequence. This new multi-scanning laser ablation strategy was conducted on metals that are commonly used in the biomedical industry, such as stainless steel, titanium, brass and silver samples, using a linear (increasing or decreasing) gradient of pulse energy, i.e., varying the pulse energy across successive laser scans. The effects of ablation were studied in terms of roughness, developed interfacial area ratio, skewness and ablation efficiency of the processed surfaces. Significantly, the investigation has shown a global trend for all samples that the roughness is minimum when a decreasing energy pulse sequence is employed, i.e., the irradiation sequence ends up with the applied laser fluences close to threshold laser fluences and is maximum with increasing energy distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis on single craters with the three different energy deposition conditions revealed a chaotic and random material redistribution in the cases of uniform and increasing energy distributions and the presence of regular laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) at the bottom of the ablation region in the case of decreasing energy distribution. It is also shown that the ablation efficiency of the ablated surfaces does not significantly change between the three cases. Therefore, this novel energy control strategy permits the control of the roughness of the processed surfaces without losing the ablation efficiency.

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Amoruso, S., R. Bruzzese, X. Wang, and J. Xia. "Ultrafast laser ablation of metals with a pair of collinear laser pulses." Applied Physics Letters 93, no. 19 (November 10, 2008): 191504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3026533.

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Kapnopoulos, Christos, Alexandros Zachariadis, Evangelos Mekeridis, Spyros Kassavetis, Christoforos Gravalidis, Argiris Laskarakis, and Stergios Logothetidis. "On-the-Fly Short-Pulse R2R Laser Patterning Processes for the Manufacturing of Fully Printed Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics." Materials 15, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 8218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228218.

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Ultrafast laser patterning is an essential technology for the low-cost and large area production of flexible Organic Electronic (OE) devices, such as Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs). In order to unleash the potential of ultrafast laser processing to perform the selective and high precision removal of complex multilayers from printed OPV stacks without affecting the underlying nanolayers, it is necessary to optimize its parameters for each nanolayer combination. In this work, we developed an efficient on-the-fly picosecond (ps) laser scribing process (P1, P2 and P3) using single wavelength and single step/pass for the precise and reliable in-line patterning of Roll-to-Roll (R2R) slot-die-coated nanolayers. We have investigated the effect of the key process parameters (pulse energy and overlap) on the patterning quality to obtain high selectivity on the ablation of each individual nanolayer. Finally, we present the implementation of the ultrafast laser patterning process in the manufacturing of fully R2R printed flexible semitransparent OPV modules with a 3.4% power conversion efficiency and 91% Geometric Fill Factor (GFF).

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Shen, Leyun, Ying Shi, Zhen Yang, Kai Liu, Yi Wei, and Jun Chen. "Investigation of bubble dynamics in different solvents for nanomaterial fabrication by laser ablation in liquid." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 85, no. 3 (March 2019): 30401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2019180336.

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Laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is one of the important technologies for preparing nanomaterials. In this article, Al nanoparticles (NPs) are fabricated by laser ablation in three different organic solvents. The thermodynamic properties within the bubble are studied using ultrafast camera and an analytical model based on Rayleigh–Plesset equation. Combined with the NPs characterization, the correlation between the bubble dynamics and the formation of NPs is discussed. The results show that complex physical and chemical reactions inside the bubble affect the bubble dynamics. At the same time, the bubble dynamics in turn affect the morphology and properties of the nanoproducts.

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