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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 13 April 2023

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1

Varesco, Giorgio, Frederic Sabater-Pastor, Guillaume Y. Millet, and Vianney Rozand. "Age-related performance at the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc®." Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, no. 104 (2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sm/2019015.

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Some of the effects of aging and inactivity can be confounded. Master athletes are an interesting model to investigate human aging as they are free from the deleterious effects of inactivity. The aim of the present study was to analyze the number of male finishers and their performance across age at the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc® (UTMB®, 170 km, 10 000 m of elevation gain) and two shorter races organized during the same event, Courmayeur-Champex-Chamonix (CCC®, 101 km, 6100 m) and Orsières-Champex-Chamonix (OCC, 55 km, 3500 m). Eighty percent of the finishers were aged between 23 and 49 years when considering the three races together. Top 10 average speed progressively decreased with age independently of the distance of the race. For every competition, average speed for the Top 10 decreased by 10% between 23–39 yr and 40–49 yr, then by 20% per decade. Future interventional studies should investigate the physiological factors (e.g. neuromuscular fatigue) associated with the age-related decline in ultra-trail running performance.

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2

Skinner, Sarah, Elie Nader, Emeric Stauffer, Mélanie Robert, Camille Boisson, Agnès Cibiel, Clément Foschia, et al. "Differential impacts of trail and ultra-trail running on cytokine profiles: An observational study." Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation 78, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ch-211121.

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BACKGROUND: Endurance running events are known to cause inflammation and result in increased cytokine production. However, the effects of ultramarathons on cytokine profiles are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe and compare the effects of a trail (40 km) race and an ultra-trail (171 km) race on leukocyte concentrations and cytokine profiles. METHODS: The study was conducted during the Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc® ultra-marathon running event, and included 11 runners who completed the 40 km trail run and 12 runners who completed the 171 km ultra-trail. Blood samples were taken before and after the races. RESULTS: Leukocyte concentrations significantly increased after both races. Circulating levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, and IFN-γ were significantly higher after the longer race compared to the shorter race. Furthermore, while both races resulted in significant increases in IL-6 and IL-8, only the longer race resulted in significant increases in MIP-1β, IL-7, IL-17a, and IL-4. CONCLUSIONS: These results illustrate that a 171 km ultra-trail race results in greater modulations in cytokine profiles than a traditional trail race.

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3

Corbí-Santamaría, Pedro, Alba Herrero-Molleda, Juan García-López, Daniel Boullosa, and Vicente García-Tormo. "Variable Pacing Is Associated with Performance during the OCC® Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc® (2017–2021)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 3297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043297.

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The current evidence suggests that pacing may not be affected by performance level or sex in trail-running races as may occur in road running races. However, the previous studies included races of >100 km. Therefore, we aimed to verify the influence of performance level and sex on pacing in the last four (2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021) editions of a shorter (56.3 km) ultra-trail running race (i.e., Orsières–Champex–Chamonix; OCC®) that maintained the same race profile. The mean finishing time for the 5656 participants was 10 h 20 min 33 s ± 2 h 01 min 19 s. Pacing variability (CV%) was higher in high-level participants, thus showing a greater ability to adapt their pace to the race profile than low-level runners. Males also had a higher pacing variability than females although the effect sizes were small. Based on the current findings, we may recommend for non-elite OCC® participants to adapt their pace to the race profile with a slower pace during uphills and a faster pace during downhills. Further studies including participants’ experience are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of this suggestion in trail-running races of variable distances.

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4

Rochoy, Michaël, Julien Six, Jonathan Favre, Nicolas Lagrange, Jean-Marc Lefebvre, Jean-Charles Rollier, and Julien Girard. "Does hip or knee joint replacement decrease chances to complete an ultra-trail race? Study in participants at the Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc®." Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research 106, no. 8 (December 2020): 1539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2020.07.011.

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5

Suter, Daniel, Caio Victor Sousa, Lee Hill, Volker Scheer, Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis, and Beat Knechtle. "Even Pacing Is Associated with Faster Finishing Times in Ultramarathon Distance Trail Running—The “Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc” 2008–2019." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 27, 2020): 7074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197074.

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In recent years, there has been an increasing number of investigations analyzing the effects of sex, performance level, and age on pacing in various running disciplines. However, little is known about the impact of those factors on pacing strategies in ultramarathon trail running. This study investigated the effects of age, sex, and performance level on pacing in the UTMB® (Ultra-trail du Mont Blanc) and aimed to verify previous findings obtained in the research on other running disciplines and other ultramarathon races. Data from the UTMB® from 2008 to 2019 for 13,829 race results (12,681 men and 1148 women) were analyzed. A general linear model (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)) was applied to identify a sex, age group, and interaction effect in pace average and pace variation. A univariate model (one-way ANOVA) was used to identify a sex effect for age, pace average, and pace variation for the fastest men and women. In our study, pace average and a steadier pace were positively correlated. Even pacing throughout the UTMB® correlated with faster finishing times. The average pace depended significantly on sex and age group. When considering the top five athletes in each age group, sex and age group also had significant effects on pace variation. The fastest women were older than the fastest men, and the fastest men were faster than the fastest women. Women had a higher pace variation than men. In male competitors, younger age may be advantageous for a successful finish of the UTMB®. Faster male runners seemed to be younger in ultramarathon trail running with large changes in altitude when compared to other distances and terrains.

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6

Robert, Mélanie, Emeric Stauffer, Elie Nader, Sarah Skinner, Camille Boisson, Agnes Cibiel, Léonard Feasson, et al. "Impact of Trail Running Races on Blood Viscosity and Its Determinants: Effects of Distance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 8531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228531.

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Blood rheology is a key determinant of tissue perfusion at rest and during exercise. The present study investigated the effects of race distance on hematological, blood rheological, and red blood cell (RBC) senescence parameters. Eleven runners participated in the Martigny–Combes à Chamonix 40 km race (MCC, elevation gain: 2300 m) and 12 others in the Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc (UTMB, 171 km, elevation gain: 10,000 m). Blood samples were collected before and after the races. After the UTMB, the percentage of RBC phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure was not affected while RBC CD235a levels decreased and RBC-derived microparticles increased. In contrast, after the MCC, RBC PS exposure increased, while RBC CD235a and RBC-derived microparticles levels were not affected. The free hemoglobin and hemolysis rate did not change during the races. RBC aggregation and blood viscosity at moderate shear rates increased after the MCC. RBC deformability, blood viscosity at a high shear rate, and hematocrit decreased after the UTMB but not after the MCC. Our results indicate that blood rheology behavior is different between a 40 km and a 171 km mountain race. The low blood viscosity after the ultra-marathon might facilitate blood flow to the muscles and optimize aerobic performance.

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7

Poletti, Catherine, and Michel Poletti. "The North Face Ultra-Trail du tour du Mont-Blanc : plus qu'un simple événement sportif, une véritable aventure humaine et éco-responsable !" Les Cahiers de l'INSEP 37, no. 1 (2006): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/insep.2006.1943.

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8

Rochoy, Michaël, Julien Six, Jonathan Favre, Nicolas Lagrange, Jean-Marc Lefebvre, Jean-Charles Rollier, and Julien Girard. "L’arthroplastie de la hanche ou du genou diminue-t-elle les chances de terminer un ultra-trail ? Étude parmi les participants à l’Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc®." Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique 106, no. 8 (December 2020): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcot.2020.10.029.

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9

Hurdiel, Rémy, Thierry Pezé, Johanna Daugherty, Julien Girard, Mathias Poussel, Laurence Poletti, Patrick Basset, and Denis Theunynck. "Combined effects of sleep deprivation and strenuous exercise on cognitive performances during The North Face® Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc® (UTMB®)." Journal of Sports Sciences 33, no. 7 (October 21, 2014): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.960883.

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10

Gergelé, L., S. Baillieul, C. Mariat, E. Cavalier, and G. Millet. "Agression rénale aiguë au décours de l’Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc." Néphrologie & Thérapeutique 9, no. 5 (September 2013): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2013.07.027.

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11

Dudoignon, Martin, Remy Hurdiel, and Renaud Jardri. "Troubles hallucinatoires lors de l’Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc® 2015 (UTMB®) : description et effet de la dette de sommeil." Médecine du Sommeil 13, no. 1 (January 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msom.2016.01.076.

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12

Buche, A., J. Pinot, C. Fostel, and A. Ménétrier. "Proportion de porteurs de la compression élastique selon le classement final des 4 dernières éditions de l’Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc." Science & Sports 33, no. 4 (September 2018): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2018.01.009.

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13

Gintowt, Aleksandra. "Alpy nie tylko dla alpinistów, czyli Juliusza Słowackiego wyprawa alpejska jako rozrywka towarzyska." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 14 (August 18, 2021): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.14.24.

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The ascent of Mont Blanc in 1786 began a “golden age” of European mountaineering during which most of the highest summits on the continent were reached. The climbs initiated the process of “touristification” of the mountains, primarily the Alps, which were located on a popular trail to Italy. Thanks to the first attempts, still fraught with danger, to climb various summits, it later became possible to mark out easier routes and trails, and as a result guides were able to show the mountains even to amateurs, who expected only breathtaking landscapes and wanted to experience a fraction of a “true” Alpine trek. The mountains were explored by many famous poets, including Goethe, Chateaubriand, Mickiewicz and Słowacki. Słowacki described his trip in great detail in letters to his mother, thanks to which we can now reconstruct it and demonstrate that the popularisation of Alpine treks made the poet’s trip possible – it was for him not only an opportunity to capture sights he would later use in his work, but also an interesting social occasion, for he was taken to the mountains by friends of his, the Wodziński family. The poet’s long letter describing a given trip (and memories of authors like Antoni Odyniec or Zygmunt Krasiński) makes it possible to recreate this unique moment in which broadly defined mountain trekking was split into specialist “mountaineering” and recreational “tourism”, which drew on the achievements of the former and popularised the mountains as a tourist attraction and possibility of active leisure.

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14

"Ultra-trail: Ultra-Health?" Swiss Sports & Exercise Medicine 67, no. 3 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.34045/ssem/2019/23.

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Background: The development of Mountain Ultra Marathon (MUM) raises several questions to health professionals, regarding the short or long-term consequences on the health of participants. Objective: to present the main acute and long-term effects of MUM on the main health issues usually studied among runners. Methods: Pragmatic review of the literature, including grey literature from the medical staff of the races, notably the Ultra-trail du Mont Blanc. Results: Concerning the acute effects, many studies show a severe transient inflammatory state, in particular related to eccentric loads encountered in downhill running, sometimes leading to an extracellular accumulation of water and to a muscular or even renal functional alteration, worsened when NSAIDs are used during the race. Structured and specific training seems to reduce this risk. Transient impairment of cardiac function and cardiac enzyme elevation are often discussed, but not related to symptoms in healthy subjects. In the long term, osteoarticular symptoms appear to be primarily related to a previous traumatic injury, such as ACL tear, rather than to the training load. Cardiac adaptations are similar to those of the “athlete’s heart” described in endurance athletes, which can lead to an increased risk of arrhythmias, usually benign, when training planning is too intensive. This point seems crucial to avoid over-training, and sometimes addiction to sport, whose prevalence seems worrying in this environment. Discussion: MUM is characterized by a long exercise duration but low intensity, which limits the duration of acute damage. The effects of the inflammation state that could become chronic in case of accumulation of races remain uncertain for health. New longitudinal studies are therefore needed, including behavioural and psychological dimensions.

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15

Baron, Pauline, Éric Hermand, Charlotte Elsworth-Edelsten, Thierry Pezé, Valentin Bourlois, Benoit Mauvieux, and Rémy Hurdiel. "Sleep and Subjective Recovery in Amateur Trail Runners After the Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc® (UTMB®)." Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise, April 7, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42978-021-00154-w.

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16

Fogliato, Riccardo, Natalia L. Oliveira, and Ronald Yurko. "TRAP: a predictive framework for the Assessment of Performance in Trail Running." Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, September 30, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2020-0013.

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AbstractTrail running is an endurance sport in which athletes face severe physical challenges. Due to the growing number of participants, the organization of limited staff, equipment, and medical support in these races now plays a key role. Monitoring runner’s performance is a difficult task that requires knowledge of the terrain and of the runner’s ability. In the past, choices were solely based on the organizers’ experience without reliance on data. However, this approach is neither scalable nor transferable. Instead, we propose a firm statistical methodology to perform this task, both before and during the race. Our proposed framework, Trail Running Assessment of Performance (TRAP), studies (1) the assessment of the runner’s ability to reach the next checkpoint, (2) the prediction of the runner’s expected passage time at the next checkpoint, and (3) corresponding prediction intervals for the passage time. We apply our methodology, using the race history of runners from the International Trail Running Association (ITRA) along with checkpoint and terrain-level information, to the “holy grail” of ultra-trail running, the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc (UTMB) race, demonstrating the predictive power of our methodology.

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17

Pastor, Frederic Sabater, Thibault Besson, Giorgio Varesco, Audrey Parent, Marie Fanget, Jérôme Koral, Clément Foschia, et al. "Performance Determinants in Trail-Running Races of Different Distances." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2022, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0362.

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Purpose: While the physiological determinants of road running have been widely studied, there is a lack of research in trail-running racing performance. The aim of our study was to determine the physiological predictors of trail-running performance in races of different distances in similar terrain and weather conditions. Methods: Seventy-five trail runners participating in one of the races of the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc were recruited. Previous to the race, each runner was evaluated with (1) an incremental treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen uptake, ventilatory thresholds, cost of running, and substrate utilization; (2) a power–force–velocity profile on a cycle ergometer; (3) maximal voluntary contractions of the knee extensors and plantar flexors; and (4) anthropometric characteristics. Neuromuscular fatigue was evaluated after the races. Twenty-four runners finished a SHORT (<55 km), 16 finished a MEDIUM (101 km), and 14 finished a LONG (>145 km) race. Correlations and multiple linear regressions were used to find the determinants of performance in each race distance. Results: Performance in SHORT was explained by maximal oxygen uptake and lipid utilization at 10 km/h (r2 = .825, P < .001). Performance in MEDIUM was determined by maximal oxygen uptake, maximal isometric strength, and body fat percentage (r2 = .917, P < .001). A linear model could not be applied in LONG, but performance was correlated to peak velocity during the incremental test. Conclusions: Performance in trail running is mainly predicted by aerobic capacity, while lipid utilization also influences performance in races <60 km and performance in approximately 100 km is influenced by muscle strength and body composition.

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18

Bessy, Olivier. "Innovations événementielles et structuration des destinations touristiques. Pour une hybridation des approches : l’exemple de l’Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc." Mondes du tourisme, Hors-série (September 15, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/tourisme.1277.

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19

Bourlois, V., P. Baron, E. Hermand, C. Elsworth-Edelsten’s, C. Lemaire, and R. Hurdiel. "Effet de la sieste sur les temps de réponses et la somnolence perçue lors de l’Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc®, étude pilote observationnelle." Science & Sports, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2022.07.007.

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