Journal articles: 'Ultra high purity oxygen'

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Ma, Ce, and Nishith Verma. "Moisture Drydown in Ultra-High-Purity Oxygen Systems." Journal of the IEST 41, no. 1 (January 14, 1998): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.41.1.ym44t93qn5467505.

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Semiconductor manufacturing fabs use ultra-high-purity (UHP) oxygen for various process applications such as oxide growth, plasma etch, and chemical vapor deposition. Moisture is identified as one of the key impurities that can affect device production. Moisture drydown in inert gas delivery systems was studied extensively. However, moisture drydown or outgassing characteristics in oxygen were found to be different from those of inert gas systems. Moisture adsorption and desorption in UHP oxygen systems were studied using advanced APIMS techniques for trace-level moisture analysis. To understand moisture reaction pathways, isotopic water was used as an adsorbate on 316L electropolished stainless steel (EPSS) surfaces. Experimental results from moisture drydown in the EPSS tubing were used to validate a theoretical model developed to predict the moisture drydown performance of large-scale, oxygen distribution systems. Both experimental and model results were shown to be useful in UHP oxygen system design, cost control, metrology, and contamination control.

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Yoshioka, Takayuki, Haruno Okochi, and Ryosuke Hasegawa. "Determination of Ultra Low Contents of Oxygen in High Purity Iron." Materials Transactions, JIM 34, no. 6 (1993): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1989.34.504.

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Suprihanto, Agus. "HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS NITRIDING TREATMENT OF AISI 430 USING LOW AND HIGH PURITY NITROGEN GAS." ROTASI 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.18.3.65-68.

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The properties of stainless steels can be improved by high temperature gas nitriding (HTGN) treatment. The improving of their properties are obtained from nitrogen atom which diffuse into stainless steel. Nitrogen gas is the main source of nitrogen atom on the HTGN treatment. Generally, these treatment use high purity of nitrogen gas. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of nitrogen gas purity on the HTGN treatment for AISI 430. Stainless steel AISI 430 plate 2 mm thick was processed by HTGN treatment. The specimens was exposed at nitrogen gas atmosphere at temperature 1200oC and held for 2 hours prior quenching in water. The treatment used industrial/welding grade (99.5%) as low nitrogen gas purity and ultra high purity (UHP) grade (99.999%) as high nitrogen gas purity. The vickers micro-hardness test was conducted to evaluate the hardness distribution from surface into middle section of the specimens before and after treatment. Light optical microscope was applied to examine the microstructure of specimens after treatment. Metallographic examination shows both treatments using low and high purity gas have the same grain size. However HTGN treatment using low purity of nitrogen gas produces hardness slightly lower than the high purity. This is due the high content of impurity of the low purity gas that reduces the partial pressure of nitrogen gas. Another effect of impurity is the reaction between nitrogen gas and its impurity especially oxygen gas. These reactions reduce the amount of free nitrogen atom which diffuses on the stainless steel.

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Ma, Xiao Xuan, Zeng He Li, Tij Je Cai, and Ya Zhen Liu. "Thermal Decomposition Dew Point Method for Determining the Trace Moisture in Ultra-Purity Ammonia." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.571.

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This article introduced a fast and stable method on measuring the batches of trace moisture in ultra-purity ammonia gas .This method is based on ammonia decomposited reaction ,which occurs completely and irreversibly when ammonia is passed over nickel catalyst at high temperatures. While the trace water wapor passes though the catalyst unchanged. And the moisture of ammonia may be determined by measuring the dew point of the steam of hydrogen and nitrogen produced by decomposition of ammonia,combined with the trace oxygen content measured by GC,the content of trace moisture in ultra-purity ammonia gas can be got. Contrasted with Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy (CRDS) and Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (IR),Thermal Decomposition Dew Point method (TDDP) has high accuracy,good repeatability, stability and environmentally friendly.

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Shive, Larry W., Hai He Liang, Alexis Grabbe, and Sasha Kweskin. "Indirect Ultra-Pure Water Metals Analysis by Extended Ion Exchange on a Silica Surface." Solid State Phenomena 187 (April 2012): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.187.275.

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Water purity is not taken for granted in the Semiconductor Industry. Ultra high purity water (UPW) is analyzed continuously in-line for particles and resistivity. Routine samples are automatically taken for total organic carbon (TOC), boron, silica and dissolved oxygen. Less routine analyses, such as metals, are done off-line. Metal content of UPW water is well below the detection limits of ICP-MS even with a pre-concentration step. As a result, metals content may vary in the water without being detected. These variations may affect device performance and yield while the root cause may go undetected.

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Lee, Seong Hee, Seung Zeon Han, and Cha Yong Lim. "Nano-Structured High Purity Copper Processed by Accumulative Roll-Bonding." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.239.

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Accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process was applied to an oxygen free copper for improvement of the mechanical properties via ultra grain refinement to nanometer order level. Two copper sheets 1mm thick, 30mm wide and 300mm long are degreased and wire-brushed for sound bonding. The sheets are then stacked to each other, and cold-roll-bonded by 50% reduction rolling. The sheet is then cut to the two pieces of same length and the same procedure was repeated to the sheets. The ARB process up to eight cycles (an equivalent thickness strain of 6.4) is successfully performed at ambient temperature. TEM observation reveals that ultrafine grains, hardly containing the dislocation interior, begin to develop at the third cycle, and after the sixth cycle they cover most of regions of samples. The morphology of ultrafine grains formed is different from that of aluminum alloys. Tensile strength of the ARB-processed copper increases with the equivalent strain up to a strain of ~3.2, in which it reached 390 MPa, ~2.1 times higher than the initial value. However, the strength hardly changed at the strain above ~3.2.

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Fahrenholtz, W. G., G. E. Hilmas, and Ruixing Li. "Densification of ultra-refractory transition metal diboride ceramics." Science of Sintering 52, no. 1 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos2001001f.

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The densification behavior of transition metal diboride compounds was reviewed with emphasis on ZrB2 and HfB2. These compounds are considered ultra-high temperature ceramics because they have melting temperatures above 3000?C. Densification of transition metal diborides is difficult due to their strong covalent bonding, which results in extremely high melting temperatures and low self-diffusion coefficients. In addition, oxide impurities present on the surface of powder particles promotes coarsening, which further inhibits densification. Studies prior to the 1990s predominantly used hot pressing for densification. Those reports revealed densification mechanisms and identified that oxygen impurity contents below about 0.5 wt% were required for effective densification. Subsequent studies have employed advanced sintering methods such as spark plasma sintering and reactive hot pressing to produce materials with nearly full density and higher metallic purity. Further studies are needed to identify fundamental densification mechanisms and further improve the elevated temperature properties of transition metal diborides.

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Ma, Ce, Eric Shero, Nishith Verma, Stephen Gilbert, and Farhang Shadman. "Permeation of Moisture and Oxygen Through Polymeric O-Rings." Journal of the IEST 38, no. 2 (March 31, 1995): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.38.2.k6491358g0l83691.

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The permeation coefficients of H2O and O2 through polymeric O-rings were obtained in this study. Increases of trace level impurities in an ultra-high purity nitrogen purge gas due to the permeation processes were measured using an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (APIMS). In this paper, the experimental results of nine different O-ring samples (Kalrez, Chemraz, Teflon, Vespel, Viton) are reported. The Kalrez "wet" O-ring showed the lowest moisture permeation coefficient of 1.5×-1010 [cm3 gas(STP). cm polymer]/[cm2 polymer · sec · torr] and Vespel displayed the lowest oxygen permeation coefficient of 0.01×-1010 [cm3 gas(STP) · cm polymer]/[cm2 polymer · sec · torr] and room temperature. In addition, permeation coefficients at 50°C and 75°C are presented. The activation energies varied from about 18 to 51 kJ/mole/°K for both H2O and O2.

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Kazemi, Faramarz, and Behzad Nayebi. "A perspective to efficient synthesis of zirconium carbide via novel pyro-vacuum method: lower temperatures and enhanced purity." Synthesis and Sintering 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2024): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2024.43233.

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The use of ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) as a novel additive in the refractory industry is becoming increasingly popular. However, the synthesis of such materials is associated with some commercial obstacles, mainly high-temperature synthesis methods. In the present study, the pyro-vacuum method is presented as a new method to decrease the final product's synthesis temperature and oxygen content. Some thermodynamic aspects and phase evolution of the materials during the synthesis procedure are described for the synthesis of non-oxide material. Conclusively, it seems that by applying vacuum conditions, the final UHTC phases can be synthesized at significantly lower temperatures (>400 °C lower, for ZrC), if adequate powder mixtures are considered. Also due to phase analysis, it was found that the oxygen content of the final phase is lower than the conventional routes and other references. The process provides promising prospects for the economic synthesis of UHTCs.

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Xiao, Tingting, Qi Yang, Jian Yu, Zhengwei Xiong, and Weidong Wu. "Annealing Condition Effects on the Structural Properties of FePt Nanoparticles Embedded in MgO via Pulsed Laser Deposition." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010131.

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FePt nanoparticles (NPs) were embedded into a single-crystal MgO host by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). It was found that its phase, microstructures and physical properties were strongly dependent on annealing conditions. Annealing induced a remarkable morphology variation in order to decrease its total free energy. H2/Ar (95% Ar + 5% H2) significantly improved the L10 ordering of FePt NPs, making magnetic coercivity reach 37 KOe at room temperature. However, the samples annealing at H2/Ar, O2, and vacuum all showed the presence of iron oxide even with the coverage of MgO. MgO matrix could restrain the particles’ coalescence effectively but can hardly avoid the oxidation of Fe since it is extremely sensitive to oxygen under the high-temperature annealing process. This study demonstrated that it is essential to anneal FePt in a high-purity reducing or ultra-high vacuum atmosphere in order to eliminate the influence of oxygen.

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Xiao, Tingting, Qi Yang, Jian Yu, Zhengwei Xiong, and Weidong Wu. "Annealing Condition Effects on the Structural Properties of FePt Nanoparticles Embedded in MgO via Pulsed Laser Deposition." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010131.

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FePt nanoparticles (NPs) were embedded into a single-crystal MgO host by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). It was found that its phase, microstructures and physical properties were strongly dependent on annealing conditions. Annealing induced a remarkable morphology variation in order to decrease its total free energy. H2/Ar (95% Ar + 5% H2) significantly improved the L10 ordering of FePt NPs, making magnetic coercivity reach 37 KOe at room temperature. However, the samples annealing at H2/Ar, O2, and vacuum all showed the presence of iron oxide even with the coverage of MgO. MgO matrix could restrain the particles’ coalescence effectively but can hardly avoid the oxidation of Fe since it is extremely sensitive to oxygen under the high-temperature annealing process. This study demonstrated that it is essential to anneal FePt in a high-purity reducing or ultra-high vacuum atmosphere in order to eliminate the influence of oxygen.

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Chen, Yadan, Yanbin Wang, Liang He, Liling Wang, Jianchen Zhao, Zhenya Yang, Qin Li, and Rui Shi. "Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Terpenoids from Indocalamus latifolius Leaves: Optimization, Purification, and Antioxidant Activity." Foods 13, no. 11 (May 30, 2024): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13111719.

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This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction in enhancing the extraction rate, purity, and antioxidant activity of Indocalamus latifolius (Keng) McClure (Poaceae) leaf terpenoids (ILLTs). Crude extracts obtained from leaves were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses, revealing neophytadiene, phytol, β-sitosterol, β-amyrone, squalene, and friedelin as the primary terpenoid constituents, identified through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Compared with steam distillation extraction (SD), simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), ultra-high pressure-assisted n-hexane extraction (UHPE-Hex), ultra-high pressure-assisted ethanol extraction (UHPE-EtOH), ultrasound-assisted n-hexane extraction (UE-Hex), and ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction (UE-EtOH), SC-CO2 exhibited a superior ILLT extraction rate, purity, and antioxidant activity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of the residues further revealed more severe damage to both the residues and their cell walls after SC-CO2 extraction. Under optimal parameters (4.5 h, 26 MPa, 39 °C, and 20% ethyl alcohol), the ILLT extraction rate with SC-CO2 reached 1.44 ± 0.12 mg/g, which was significantly higher than the rates obtained by the other six methods. The subsequent separation and purification using WelFlash C18-l, BUCHI-C18, and Sephadex LH-20 led to an increase in the purity of the six terpenoid components from 12.91% to 93.34%. Furthermore, the ILLTs demonstrated cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 148.93 ± 9.93 μg/mL. Additionally, with increasing concentrations, the ILLTs exhibited an enhanced cellular antioxidant status, as evidenced by reductions in both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.

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Ooi, Poh Kok, Chin Guan Ching, Sha Shiong Ng, Mat Johar Abdullah, Abu Hassan Haslan, and Hassan Zainuriah. "Characteristics of Cuprous Oxide Thin Films Deposited on Glass and Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrates." Advanced Materials Research 895 (February 2014): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.895.29.

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In this work, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin films grown on glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering system were investigated. Copper target with purity of 99.99% were used while high purity argon-oxygen gases were utilized as sputtering gases. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy and ultra-violet visible spectrophotometer. From the XRD results, only one single diffraction peak corresponding to cubic Cu2O (111) crystal structure were observed for both substrates. The surface morphologies of the samples were in a form of pillar-like. Root mean square surface roughness for Cu2O on glass and PET substrates were 3.37 nm and 3.20 nm, respectively. The films were highly transparent for wavelength above 600 nm. The Cu2O films have direct band gap values of around 2.56 eV as determined by Taucs method.

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Taniguchi, Takashi. "High pressure synthesis of BN and BCN crystals and their functionalization." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314092481.

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Hexagonal BN (hBN) and cubic BN (cBN) are known as the representative crystal structures of BN. The former is chemically and thermally stable, and has been widely used as an electrical insulator and heat-resistant materials. The latter, which is a high-density phase, is an ultra-hard material second only to diamond. Recently, some progresses in the synthesis of high purity BN crystals were achieved by using Ba-BN as a solvent material at high pressure crystal growth [1]. Band-edge natures (cBN Eg=6.2eV and hBN Eg=6eV) were characterized by their optical properties. The key issue to obtain high purity crystals is to reduce oxygen and carbon contamination in the growth circumstances. It should be emphasized that hBN exhibits attractive potential for deep ultraviolet (DUV) light emitter [2 ] and also superior properties as substrate of graphene devices [3]. In this study, the effect of carbon impurity in BN is investigated. Three types of experimental approaches were carried out; (1) synthesis of high purity hBN single crystals and its characterization with respect to residual carbon, (2) high temperature solid state diffusion of carbon into hBN and its characterization, and (3) high temperature annealing of turbostratic B-C-N(t-BCN) compound under high pressure. t-BCN flakes obtained by chemical vapour deposition process was annealed near 3000C and 2GPa so as to become well crystallized.At annealing near 3000C at 2GPa with graphite, carbon incorporation of 1E21/cm3 in hBN was achieved with exhibiting totally different Cathode Luminescence spectra feature with high purity hBN crystals. Since major carbon contribution may affect the crystal structure of the 2-D layers stacking in hBN system, phase stability of BCN ternary phase will be introduced by the experimental results of high temperature annealing. Furthermore, effect of carbon impurity upon the synthesis of wurtzite BN from highly crystalline hBN via martensitic phase transformation will also be introduced.

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García-Gutiérrez, R., M. Barboza-Flores, D. Berman-Mendoza, R. Rangel-Segura, and O. E. Contreras-López. "Luminescence and Structure of ZnO Grown by Physical Vapor Deposition." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/872597.

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Nanostructured ZnO was deposited on different substrates (Si, SiO2, and Au/SiO2) by an enhanced physical vapor deposition technique that presents excellent luminescent properties. This technique consists in a horizontal quartz tube reactor that uses ultra-high purity Zn and UHP oxygen as precursors. The morphology and structure of ZnO grown in this work were studied by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The XRD patterns revealed the highly crystalline phase of wurtzite polycrystalline structure, with a preferred (1011) growth direction. Room temperature cathodoluminescence studies revealed two features in the luminescence properties of the ZnO obtained by this technique, first a high-intensity narrow peak centered at 390 nm (~3.2 eV) corresponding to a near band-to-band emission, and secondly, a broad peak centered around 517 nm (2.4 eV), the typical green-yellow luminescence, related to an unintentionally doped ZnO.

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Zhang, Zili, Lei Wang, Jianhua Liu, and Qiuliang Wang. "Synthesis of ErBa2Cu3O7−δ Superconductor Solder for the Fabrication of Superconducting Joint between Gdba2cu3o7−δ Coated Conductor." Crystals 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9100492.

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ErBa2Cu3O7−δ (Er123) superconductor is one of the best candidates of superconductor solder for the fabrication of superconducting joint between GdBa2Cu3O7−δ (Gd123) coated conductor, due to its high Tc value (93 K) and highest optimized oxygen annealing temperature among RE123 compounds. In this paper, we systematically research the effect of sintering parameters on the phase formation, microstructure and superconducting properties of Er123 powder. The optimized synthesis route to acquire high purity Er123 powder with as good superconducting properties as Gd123 has been uncovered. The melt temperature of Er123 with different dopant compared to Gd123 is also investigated, and the feasible operating temperature range of Er123 superconductor solder is discussed. This work reveals a very important starting point on fabrication high-quality superconducting joint between the commercial Gd123 coated conductor, which can further improve the development of the persistent operating mode on ultra-high field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging.

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Lamaka, Sviatlana, Cheng Wang, Wen Xu, Mikhail Zheludkevich, and Daniel Höche. "Contribution of Oxygen Reduction to Mg Corrosion: Experimental Evidence By Electrochemical Microprobes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 14 (December 22, 2023): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02141136mtgabs.

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Unravelling the mechanisms of magnesium corrosion is vital for establishing reliable research methodologies, developing new alloys and predicting magnesium degradation behaviour. Hydrogen evolution reaction is widely regarded as by far the main cathodic process during corrosion of magnesium. Hence, tracing the amount of released hydrogen was thought to be a reliable measure of magnesium degradation rate. Recently, experimental evidences obtained by different methods have been presented by several groups that oxygen reduction (ORR) is important secondary cathodic reaction during Mg corrosion [1-8]. For model galvanic couple Al-Cu-Mg, oxygen consumption on the surface of Mg along with that on Cu was observed by using oxygen sensing microoptode [1]. A simultaneous measurement of local current density by scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) and local oxygen concentration by oxygen sensing microoptode found a strong oxygen consumption at the active corrosion sites on the surface of commercially pure Mg in NaCl electrolyte [2]. Then, the evidence for the varying contributions of ORR to the total cathodic process on Mg alloys during atmospheric and aqueous corrosion was presented based on newly developed respirometric methods [3-5]. While around 10% of the total cathodic current was ascribed to ORR during aqueous corrosion, up to 60% of the total corrosion process was shown to be due to the ORR contribution during simulated atmospheric corrosion with wet-dry cycles. Nanoparticle-based O2 imaging was used to map decreased O2 concentration at the interface of several Mg alloys exposed to simulated body fluids [6]. High ORR rate on a slowly corroding ultra-high-purity Mg (UHP-Mg) in NaCl electrolyte was shown in our recent work [7]. Comparing that with lower ORR rate for faster corroding commercial purity Mg (CP-Mg), the rate of ORR was found to depend on the growth rate of Mg(OH)2 , which is the main corrosion product of Mg in the simple saline solution. The formation of Mg(OH)2 impeded the diffusion of oxygen from bulk electrolyte to metal interface, preventing metallic Mg substrate from the interaction with oxygen. The distribution of local concentration of dissolved gaseous H2 and O2 assessed by amperometric Clark-type micorprobes at the interface of UHP-Mg and CP-Mg demonstrated the inverse relationship between HER and ORR, and supports the finding that diffusion-controlled ORR highly depends on the barrier property of corrosion products on the surface [8]. The contribution of ORR current to total cathodic current reached 29.1% for UHP-Mg, while only 0.9% for CP-Mg after 1 hour of immersion in NaCl solution. The contribution of ORR decreases with immersion time, due to the impeded access of dissolved O2 to Mg interface caused by thickening of Mg(OH)2 layer. A numerical model was developed considering the mixed potential diagram and measured local oxygen concentration. REFERENCES: [1] D. Snihirova, M. Taryba, S.V. Lamaka, M.F. Montemor, Corrosion inhibition synergies on a model Al-Cu-Mg sample studied by localized scanning electrochemical techniques, Corrosion Science, 112 (2016) 408-417. [2] E.L. Silva, S.V. Lamaka, D. Mei, M.L. Zheludkevich, The Reduction of Dissolved Oxygen During Magnesium Corrosion, ChemistryOpen, 7 (2018) 664-668. [3] M. Strebl, S. Virtanen, Real-Time Monitoring of Atmospheric Magnesium Alloy Corrosion, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 166 (2019) C3001-C3009. [4] M. Strebl, M. Bruns, S. Virtanen, Editors’ Choice—Respirometric in Situ Methods for Real-Time Monitoring of Corrosion Rates: Part I. Atmospheric Corrosion, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 167 (2020) 021510. [5] M. Strebl, M.P. Bruns, G. Schulze, S. Virtanen, Respirometric In Situ Methods for Real-Time Monitoring of Corrosion Rates: Part II. Immersion, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, (2021). [6] B. Zeller-Plumhoff, A.R. Akkineni, H. Helmholz, D. Orlov, M. Mosshammer, M. Kühl, R. Willumeit-Römer, M. Gelinsky, Oxygen-sensitive nanoparticles reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of oxygen reduction during magnesium implant biodegradation, NPJ Materials Degradation, 6 (2022) 95. [7] C. Wang, D. Mei, G. Wiese, L.Q. Wang, M. Deng, S.V. Lamaka, M.L. Zheludkevich, High rate oxygen reduction reaction during corrosion of ultra-high-purity magnesium, NPJ Materials Degradation, 4 (2020) 42. [8] C. Wang, W. Xu, D. Höche, M.L. Zheludkevich, S.V. Lamaka, Exploring the contribution of oxygen reduction reaction to Mg corrosion by modeling assisted local analysis, Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 11 (2023) 100-109. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: C. Wang, Wen Xu, thank China Scholarship Council for the funding, grants no. 201806310128 and 201908510177

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Xu, Fangrong, Chengxin Wang, Tatsuya Kanzaki, Hirotoshi Sakaino, and Yasunori Ichihashi. "64‐1: Novel Highly Stable Organic Phosphors and Their Application to Cd‐free Color Conversion Sheets for Wide Color Gamut LCDs." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, S1 (April 2024): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17137.

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In this study, organic phosphors of high color purity, high fluorescence quantum yield of over 90%, short emission decay time of less than 100 nanoseconds, and high stability that resists degradation even in the presence of oxygen were achieved. By using those organic phosphors, novel color conversion sheets for liquid crystal displays of wide color gamut without toxic elements such as cadmium were achieved. Those sheets can achieve an ultra‐wide color gamut that covers more than 99% of both DCI‐P3 standard and Adobe RGB standard, and more than 90% of BT.2020 standard. Also, those sheets can achieve a higher radiance than QD sheets without cadmium. So, they can be a promising alternative to QD sheets with cadmium. In addition, those sheets do not require a barrier film and do not show edge degradation, which is an issue with QD sheets. The resulting organic phosphors can be applied to various photoluminescence‐based applications and the cadmium‐free color conversion sheets can contribute to the development of environmentally friendly and energy‐saving displays.

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Li, Bo Long, N. Shigeiri, Nobuhiro Tsuji, and Yoritoshi Minamino. "Microstructural Evolution in Pure Copper Severely Deformed by the ARB Process." Materials Science Forum 503-504 (January 2006): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.615.

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An oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper (99.99%) was intensely deformed by the accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process up to equivalent strain of 4.8 at ambient temperature. The microstructure evolution during the ARB process was explained by grain subdivision. The deformed specimens revealed dislocation cell structures at low strain and elongated ultra fine grains separated by high angle boundaries at high strain. The spacing of the high angle lamellar boundary exponentially decreased as a function of strain. The fractions of high angle boundaries (HAB) and the low angle boundaries (LAB) were nearly equal even at strain of 3.2, which was significantly different from the ARB processed Al alloys and ferritic steel where the HAB fraction was above 70% at the same strain. TEM observations indicated a mixed microstructure of dislocation boundaries and cell walls with dislocation tangle at low strain of 1.6, and small recrystallized grains partly appeared above strain of 3.2. As a result, the LAB fraction due to partial recrystallization was high even at strain of 4.8. The occurrence of recrystallization is attributed to high purity of the OFHC copper, the accumulated dislocation density, and the adiabatic heating during the ARB process of one-pass large reduction without lubrication.

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Hoang, Van-Tuan, Ngo Xuan Dinh, Tuyet Nhung Pham, Tran Vinh Hoang, Pham Anh Tuan, Tran Quang Huy, and Anh-Tuan Le. "Scalable Electrochemical Synthesis of Novel Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles and Its Application to High-Sensitive Detection of 4-Nitrophenol in Aqueous System." Advances in Polymer Technology 2021 (January 16, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6646219.

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This study reports a scalable green electrochemical synthesis of novel biogenic silver nanoparticles colloid (biogenic AgNPs) in large scale up to 5 liters using the bulk silver bar and the green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis) extract (GTE) as reducing agent during the electrochemical process. Under a direct-current voltage source, the biomolecules in GTE can release electrons to promote the reducing process of Ag+ to Ag0. More interestingly, the formation of the intermediate complex helps to cap on the nanoparticles, which leads to stabilizing AgNPs. The as-synthesized biogenic AgNPs with the size of 34 nm exhibit the outstanding electrochemical properties due to the presence of biomolecules on the biogenic AgNPs surface, which facilitates the effective attaching of AgNPs on the carbon surface of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) through the formation of the strong C-O coordinate bonds between O atom of oxygen functional groups and C atom of SPE. The electrochemical properties of the biogenic AgNPs-modified SPE are enhanced significantly in comparison with bare SPE and pure AgNPs-SPE. The biogenic AgNPs-SPE is applied successfully to the detection of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The electrochemical sensor using biogenic AgNPs can reliably detect 4-NP in the linear range from 0.1 to 25 μM with the sensitivity about 6.69 μA μM-1 cm-2. The present work reveals, as the greener synthesis method with ultra-large scalable ability, high purity, and excellent electrochemical properties of biogenic AgNPs is very promising for technological applications in high-sensitive electrochemical chemosensors, nanopharmaceuticals, and other fields.

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Song, Bao Yu, Qing Xiang Yang, Yu Lin Qi, and Dai Zhong Su. "The Mechanochemistry of Synthetic Phosphate Oil under High Pressure." Key Engineering Materials 450 (November 2010): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.450.185.

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The pressure-viscosity relationships of phosphate synthetic oil and other two kinds of similar atmospheric viscosity synthetic oils were studied using ultra-high pressure capillary viscometer. The pressure-viscosity relationship of phosphate synthetic oil is much better than the other two kinds of synthetic oils. The impact of pressure on viscosity is not limited to purely physical factors. The pressure can cause a variety of chemical reactions in some cases. The investigation results of mechanochemistry of phosphate synthetic oil at high pressure reveal that the physical state of phosphate synthetic oil changed from liquid into glassy amorphous state under high pressure, and the color varied from transparent into milky white. The mechanochemistry of phosphate synthetic oil was analyzed using the infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography, and the results indicate that under high pressure, the oxidation reaction of phosphate synthetic oil occurred, and the molecular weight distribution changed with the increase of the low molecular weight region. The reason of the mechanochemistry phenomena was that phosphate synthetic oil molecular chain disconnects to inform great radical. The great radical has strong activity, and reacts with other free radicals acceptor (oxygen, etc).

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Lifton, Nathaniel, Jim Wilson, and Allie Koester. "Technical note: Studying lithium metaborate fluxes and extraction protocols with a new, fully automated in situ cosmogenic ¹⁴C processing system at PRIME Lab." Geochronology 5, no. 2 (September 20, 2023): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-361-2023.

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Abstract. Extraction procedures for in situ cosmogenic 14C (in situ 14C) from quartz require quantitative isotopic yields while maintaining scrupulous isolation from atmospheric and organic 14C. These time- and labor-intensive procedures are ripe for automation; unfortunately, our original automated in situ 14C extraction and purification systems, reconfigured and retrofitted from our original systems at the University of Arizona, proved less reliable than hoped. We therefore installed a fully automated stainless-steel system (except for specific borosilicate glass or fused-silica components) incorporating more reliable valves and improved actuator designs, along with a more robust liquid nitrogen distribution system. As with earlier versions, the new system uses a degassed lithium metaborate (LiBO2) flux to dissolve the quartz sample in an ultra-high-purity oxygen atmosphere, after a lower-temperature combustion step to remove atmospheric and organic 14C. We compared single-use high-purity Al2O3 against reusable 90 %Pt / 10 %Rh (Pt/Rh) sample combustion boats. The Pt/Rh boats heat more evenly than the Al2O3, reducing procedural blank levels and variability for a given LiBO2 flux. This lower blank variability also allowed us to trace progressively increasing blanks to specific batches of fluxes from our original manufacturer. Switching to a new manufacturer returned our blanks to consistently low levels on the order of (3.4 ± 0.9) × 104 14C atoms. We also analyzed the CRONUS-A intercomparison material to investigate sensitivity of extracted 14C concentrations to the temperature and duration of the combustion and extraction steps. Results indicate that 1 h combustion steps at either 500 or 600 ∘C yield results consistent with the consensus value of Jull et al. (2015), while 2 h at 600 ∘C results in loss of ca. 9 % of the high-temperature 14C inventory. Results for 3 h extractions at temperatures ranging from 1050 to 1120 ∘C and 4.5 h at 1000 ∘C yielded similar results that agreed with the nominal value and published results from most laboratories. On the other hand, an extraction for 3 h at 1000 ∘C was judged to be incomplete due to a significantly lower measured concentration. Based on these results, our preferred technique is now combustion for 1 h at 500 ∘C followed by a 3 h extraction at 1050 ∘C. Initial analyses of the CoQtz-N intercomparison material at our lab yielded concentrations ca. 60 % lower than those of CRONUS-A, but more analyses of this material from this and other labs are clearly needed to establish a consensus value.

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Jovanoski Kostić, Aleksandra, Nikola Kanas, Vladimir Rajić, Annu Sharma, Subramshu S. Bhattacharya, Stevan Armaković, Maria M. Savanović, and Sanja J. Armaković. "Evaluation of Photocatalytic Performance of Nano-Sized Sr0.9La0.1TiO3 and Sr0.25Ca0.25Na0.25Pr0.25TiO3 Ceramic Powders for Water Purification." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 4193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234193.

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Water pollution is a significant issue nowadays. Among the many different technologies for water purification, photocatalysis is a very promising and environment-friendly approach. In this study, the photocatalytic activity of Sr0.9La0.1TiO3 (SLTO) and Sr0.25Ca0.25Na0.25Pr0.25TiO3 (SCNPTO) nano-sized powders were evaluated by degradation of pindolol in water. Pindolol is almost entirely insoluble in water due to its lipophilic properties. The synthesis of the SCNPTO was performed using the reverse co-precipitation method using nitrate precursors, whereas the SLTO was produced by spray pyrolysis (CerPoTech, Trondheim Norway). The phase purity of the synthesized powders was validated by XRD, while HR-SEM revealed particle sizes between 50 and 70 nm. The obtained SLTO and SCNPTO powders were agglomerated but had relatively similar specific surface areas of about 27.6 m2 g−1 and 34.0 m2 g−1, respectively. The energy band gaps of the SCNPTO and SLTO were calculated (DFT) to be about 2.69 eV and 3.05 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic performances of the materials were examined by removing the pindolol from the polluted water under simulated solar irradiation (SSI), UV-LED irradiation, and UV irradiation. Ultra-fast liquid chromatography was used to monitor the kinetics of the pindolol degradation with diode array detection (UFLC–DAD). The SLTO removed 68%, 94%, and 100% of the pindolol after 240 min under SSI, UV-LED, and UV irradiation, respectively. A similar but slightly lower photocatalytic activity was obtained with the SCNPTO under identical conditions, resulting in 65%, 84%, and 93% degradation of the pindolol, respectively. Chemical oxygen demand measurements showed high mineralization of the investigated mixtures under UV-LED and UV irradiation.

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Li, Nan, Shu Ming Xing, Pei Wei Bao, and Zhi Min Liu. "Research on the Self-Thickening Effects in the Process of Fabricating Aluminum Foam Using Semi-Solid Melt by Mechanical Stirring." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.633.

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This paper investigated the self-thickening effects on fabricating close cell aluminum foam directly using semi-solid melt by mechanical stirring without adding other particles. Using the high viscosity character of semi-solid melt as well as mechanical stirring technique, blowing agents (TiH2) could be homogeneously distributed without other thickening additions such as CaO or TiC which were commonly used to thicken aluminum melt in metal foam industry. It was observed that the semi-solid melt could reach a proper condition for the blowing agents to separate and foam after self-thickening process and the solid fraction played a key role in self-thicken effects compared to the stirring time and speed. The self-thickening effects could meet the purity requirement of melt as well as to fabricate aluminum foam with small pores and good structure using precursors. Aluminum foam was a multi-functional material with features of ultra-light, high-toughness, impact resistance, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, heat isolation and fire retardant [1]. The viscosity of melt was extremely important in the process of fabricating aluminum foam. Jin.I and Kenny.LD did some research on the effects of adding solid particles to thicken the melt and their study showed that the best thickening effect could be obtained when the particle size of 5-20 mm and the proportion of 10~20% of liquid aluminum [2]. Miyoshi.T also did some research on the stirring time in the thickening process and showed that adding Ca particles of 1.5~3%(wt) could effectively controlled the viscosity [2]. Research by J.Banhart showed shat 1-5 %(wt) Al2O3 and SiC adding particles could also thicken the semi-solid melt very effectively[3] [4]. Berry.CB and Hall.CG’s research showed that blowing air, oxygen or other gases could also reach thickening effect [2]. There were several methods to thicken the melt but the same ultimate goal was to obtain a suitable melt environment for distribution and foaming of blowing agents. This paper mainly investigated the effects of the self-thickening semi-solid melt on the distribution behavior of blowing agents. Taking the advantage of the high viscosity of semi-solid melt as well as mechanical stirring technique, without adding other thickening particles, blowing agents (TiH2) could be homogeneously distributed in the semi-solid melt. The parameters such as solid fraction, stirring time and speed were investigated in this paper.

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Shindo, Yuichiro. "Ultra High Purity Materials." DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL] 77, no. 4 (2006): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4262/denkiseiko.77.311.

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Paruvayakode, Sreelakshmi, and Fathima Fasmin. "(Digital Presentation) Modeling, Simulation and Experimental Validation of Magnesium Based- Seawater Reduction Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-011154mtgabs.

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High theoretical energy density, safety, economic and environmental benefits, owing to the use of abundant natural resource seawater as electrolyte, drive the research and developmental studies on metal-based seawater batteries. The electrode materials are usually metals/alloys based on Magnesium or Aluminum (anode) and carbonaceous, MnO2, AgCl, CuCl (cathode). Mg based electrodes possess excellent electro-chemical activity in seawater due to its negative standard electrode potential (-2.73V vs. NHE), high faradic capacity and low cost. Different types of Mg-based batteries such as Mg seawater activated battery, Mg-dissolved oxygen battery and Mg-H2O2 semi-fuel cell have been explored for underwater applications. Mg-O2 battery systems takes the oxidant from seawater and possesses high specific energy. However, low and uneven concentration of the dissolved oxygen in the deep ocean leads to reduced power density and limits its widespread application. The above problem can be circumvented by using metal-based seawater batteries that relies on water reduction as the major cathodic reaction. Such primary batteries that are hereby referred to as Mg/H2O batteries have simple structures and undemanding working conditions. Additionally, the use of abundant seawater for the reduction reaction at cathode reduces the weight of the battery and hence improves the energy density. Another attractive feature of Mg–H2O primary batteries is that all the components are nontoxic and sustainable. Research on Mg based seawater batteries are mainly focused on experimental tests. Although these tests are critical in determining the discharge curves of such batteries, the experimental setups are quite expensive and analysis is usually time consuming. Nevertheless, mathematical modeling and simulation-based investigations offers good understanding of the involved physical phenomena and defines the design parameters of the system. A comprehensive literature review reveals that there are no rigorous mathematical models to predict the discharge behaviour of Mg/H2O batteries, under different operating conditions and the available empirical models provide inaccurate result of order 5%–20% error. In the present work, a system of governing equations for Mg based seawater battery is developed based on single–domain approach. The advantage of this type of modeling is that it accounts for a single–domain formulation that is valid across entire cell sandwich comprising of porous electrodes, separator and electrolyte reservoir. The model considers the variation of overpotential, current density, electrode porosity, velocity, hydroxyl ion and magnesium ion concentration in the anode, cathode, and separator of the cell. The model couples the electrochemical kinetics and mass transport within the cell and accounts for electrolyte flow. The model studies the effect of electrode dimensions, cell gap and electrolyte composition on battery performance. The simulated discharge curves are validated by fabricating a simple configuration of Mg/H2O battery systems using pure Mg as the anode and carbon cloth as the cathode. Figure 1a shows the schematic of a simple Mg/H2O battery configuration and figure 1b compares the simulated discharge performance of Mg based oxygen reduction and seawater reduction batteries at 2.5mA.cm-2. Though Mg-O2 battery discharges at higher potential, its performance is limited by low concentration of dissolved O2 in seawater and hence dies out faster (6 hours). Comparatively, Mg-H2O batteries that make use of reduction of seawater at cathode can discharge for longer period (~ 10 hours). However, it operates at lower potential due to lower half cell reduction potential of water reduction than that of oxygen reduction reaction. Mg-H2O batteries are capable of discharging even at high current densities when compared to Mg-O2 battery. Keywords: Mg electrodes, seawater batteries, mathematical model , single–domain formulation, electrochemical kinetics, mass transport, discharge behavior References: Chen, X., Jia, Y., Shi, Z., Le, Q., Li, J., Zhang, M., Liud, M., Atrens, A., 2021, Understanding the discharge behavior of an ultra-high-purity Mg anode for Mg–air primary batteries, Journal of Material Chemistry A, 9. Liu, Q., Yan, Z., Wang, E., Wang, S., Sun, G., 2017, A high-specific-energy magnesium/water battery for full-depth ocean application, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 1-9. Figure 1

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27

Koethe, Alfred, and Jens Ingolf Moench. "Preparation of Ultra High Purity Niobium." Materials Transactions, JIM 41, no. 1 (2000): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1989.41.7.

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28

Barnes, R. G. L., M. T. Emeny, C. R. Whitehouse, and D. Lee. "Ultra-high purity arsenic for MBE." Journal of Crystal Growth 106, no. 1 (November 1990): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(90)90296-w.

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29

Hashimoto, E., Y. Ueda, and T. Kino. "Purification of Ultra-High Purity Aluminum." Le Journal de Physique IV 05, no. C7 (November 1995): C7–153—C7–157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1995715.

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30

Fujiwara, S., and K. Abiko. "Ductility of Ultra High Purity Copper." Le Journal de Physique IV 05, no. C7 (November 1995): C7–295—C7–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1995735.

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31

Chao, Ye, Yan Dongchao, Wang Shu, Li Jun, and Luo Junyi. "19‐1: Invited Paper: Development of INVAR alloy foil used in FMM." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 55, S1 (April 2024): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.17026.

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According to different smelting processes, nonmetallic inclusions are divided into four grades: basic purity, industrial purity, high purity and ultra‐high purity to cope with the influence of inclusion size and quantity on INVAR foil. Smelting production was carried out according to different needs in OLED field. The concept of "extreme manufacturing" was inducted to design process. The "Four‐Ultra quality" controling that Ultra‐purity, Ultra‐smooth surface, Ultra‐flat shape and Ultra‐precise dimension were put forward and realized in the production process of INVAR alloy foil for FMM. The prepared INVAR alloy foil reached a high level and met the application requirements of FMM.

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32

Curtolo, Danilo C., Neng Xiong, Semiramis Friedrich, and Bernd Friedrich. "High- and Ultra-High-Purity Aluminum, a Review on Technical Production Methodologies." Metals 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091407.

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Aluminum and aluminum-based alloys have been used for many years. In view of the increase in material purity requirements of advanced technology products, research regarding high-purity aluminum has gained significant attention in recent years. In this review, we seek to describe the fundamental purification principles and the mechanisms of various segregation techniques used to produce high-purity aluminum. Moreover, we aim to provide an overview of high-purity aluminum production, with particular emphasis on: (a) principles on how to produce high-purity aluminum by layer- and suspension-based segregation methods; (b) discussion of various influencing process parameters for each technique, including three-layer electrolysis, vacuum distillation, organic electrolysis, suspension-based segregation, zone melting, Pechiney, Cooled Finger, and directional solidification; as well as (c) investigations of fundamental working principles of various segregation methods and corresponding reported end-purification for the production of HP-Al. Eventually, the end-reported product purity, and advantages and disadvantages of various purification methods and technologies are summarized. By analyzing and comparing the characteristics of different methods, we put forward suggestions for realizing efficient and environmentally friendly production of high-purity aluminum in the future.

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33

Suter, T., Y. Müller, P. Schmutz, and O. von Trzebiatowski. "Microelectrochemical Studies of Pit Initiation on High Purity and Ultra High Purity Aluminum." Advanced Engineering Materials 7, no. 5 (May 2005): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200500067.

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34

Sumomogi, Tsunetaka, Masashi Yoshida, Masayoshi Nakamura, Hiroto Osono, and Takao Kino. "Mechanical Properties of Ultra High-Purity Aluminum." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 68, no. 11 (2004): 958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet.68.958.

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35

Takaki, Seiichi. "The Characteristics of Ultra High Purity Iron." Materia Japan 33, no. 1 (1994): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.33.6.

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36

Yu, Yang, Jiupeng Song, Feng Bai, Ailong Zheng, and Fusheng Peng. "Ultra-high purity tungsten and its applications." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 53 (November 2015): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2015.05.014.

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37

Kudermann, G., K. H. Blaufu�, C. L�hrs, W. Vielhaber, and U. Collisi. "Ultra trace analysis of high-purity aluminium." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 343, no. 9-10 (1992): 734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00633555.

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38

Iya, Sridhar K. "Production of ultra-high-purity polycrystalline silicon." Journal of Crystal Growth 75, no. 1 (May 1986): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(86)90228-9.

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39

Buehler, Kurt, and Jack Winnick. "The Production of High Purity Oxygen." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 132, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 2970–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2113704.

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40

Hayashi, S., M. Kawai, and T. Kaneko. "Dynamics of high purity oxygen PSA." Gas Separation & Purification 10, no. 1 (January 1996): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-4214(95)00022-4.

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41

Hayashi, T., M. Kinpara, J. F. Wang, K. Mimura, and M. Isshiki. "Growth of ultra-high purity PbI2 single crystal: (1) Preparation of high purity PbI2." Crystal Research and Technology 43, no. 1 (January 2008): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.200711051.

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42

Song, Xiao Zong, Yong Zhang, and Fei Hu Zhang. "Ultra-Precision Shaping and Ultra-Smooth Polishing Investigation of High-Purity Quartz Glass in Nanoparticle Colloid Jet Machining." Advanced Materials Research 426 (January 2012): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.426.396.

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In this paper, ultra-precision shaping and ultra-smooth polishing investigations have been done upon a high-purity quartz glass substrate with an aspheric surface in nanoparticle colloid jet machining, which is an ultra smooth surface processing technique utilizing surface chemical reaction between work surface atoms and nanoparticles to remove the uppermost surface atoms. The shaping and polishing characters of high-purity quartz glass in nanoparticle colloid jet machining has been researched. The surface profile of the high-purity quartz glass workpiece before and after shaping has been measured by surface profilometer. And the surface microscopic morphological characteristics of high-purity quartz glass surface polished by nanoparticle colloid jet machining have been observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The measurement results indicate that nanoparticle colloid jet machining has good shaping ability for surface shape correction in ultra-precision machining. And the AFM observation results show that the roughness of the high-purity quartz glass surface has been reduced from 1.919 nm RMS to 0.784 nm RMS by nanoparticle colloid jet machining.

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43

Shahzad, Khalid, Diego J. Olego, and David A. Cammack. "Optical transitions in ultra-high-purity zinc selenide." Physical Review B 39, no. 17 (June 15, 1989): 13016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.39.13016.

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44

Wang, J. F., S. H. Song, Y. Ishikawa, and M. Isshiki. "Preparation of ultra-high purity CdTe single crystals." Materials Science and Engineering: B 117, no. 3 (March 2005): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2004.12.054.

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Wang, Zhou, Wenbo Ma, Tao Zhang, Li Zhao, Shuaijie Li, Xiangyi Cui, Jianglai Liu, et al. "Design and operation of the PandaX-4T high speed ultra-high purity xenon recuperation system." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): T10008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/10/t10008.

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Abstract In order to recuperate the ultra-high purity xenon from PandaX-4T dark matter detector to high-pressure gas cylinders in emergency or at the end-of-run situation, a high speed ultra-high purity xenon recuperation system is designed and developed. This system includes a diaphragm pump, the heat management system, the main recuperation pipeline, the reflux pipeline, the auxiliary recuperation pipeline and the automatic control system. The liquid xenon in the detector is vaporized by the heat management system, and the gaseous xenon is compressed to 6 MPa at the flow rate of 200 standard litres per minute (SLPM) using the diaphragm compressor. The high-pressure xenon is filled into 128 gas cylinders via the main recuperation pipeline. During the recuperation, the low pressure and temperature conditions of 2 ∼ 3 atmospheres and 178 ∼ 186.5 K in PandaX-4T dark matter detector are kept by the cooperation of the main recuperation pipeline, reflux pipeline and the auxiliary recuperation pipeline to guarantee the safety, and the purity of the recuperated xenon gas is measured to ensure no contamination happened. The development of the high speed ultra-high purity xenon recuperation system is important for the operation of large-scale dark matter detectors with the requirements of strict temperature and pressure environment and low background.

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46

Park, R. M., C. M. Rouleau, M. B. Troffer, T. Koyama, and T. Yodo. "Strain-free, ultra-high purity ZnSe layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 3 (March 1990): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.0475.

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ZnSe layers have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on high-purity, high-quality ZnSe wafers [(100) oriented] cut from ingots grown by the iodine vapor transport method. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis indicates the homoepitaxial ZnSe material to be of ultra-high purity as well as being strain-free relative to ZnSe/(100) GaAs layers which exhibit in-plane biaxial tension. The 10 K PL spectra recorded from homoepitaxial layers exhibit unsplit free- and donor-bound exciton transitions of comparable intensity together with a strong peak at 2.7768 eV believed to be the so-called Iv transition in relaxed ZnSc. The ultra-high purity nature of the homoepitaxial layers is attributed to the high purity of the substrate material in addition to the use of high purity Zn and Se source materials in this work.

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47

Aboul-Soud, Mourad A. M., Abdelkader E. Ashour, Jonathan K. Challis, Atallah F. Ahmed, Ashok Kumar, Amr Nassrallah, Tariq A. Alahmari, et al. "Biochemical and Molecular Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Spectrum of Crude Extracts of Willow Leaves Salix safsaf." Plants 9, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101295.

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Organic fractions and extracts of willow (Salix safsaf) leaves, produced by sequential solvent extraction as well as infusion and decoction, exhibited anticancer potencies in four cancerous cell lines, including breast (MCF-7), colorectal (HCT-116), cervical (HeLa) and liver (HepG2). Results of the MTT assay revealed that chloroform (CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fractions exhibited specific anticancer activities as marginal toxicities were observed against two non-cancerous control cell lines (BJ-1 and MCF-12). Ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry Q-Exactive™ HF Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™ coupled with liquid chromatography (UHPLC) indicated that both extracts are enriched in features belonging to major phenolic and purine derivatives. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS), employing annexin V-FITC/PI double staining indicated that the observed cytotoxic potency was mediated via apoptosis. FACS analysis, monitoring the increase in fluorescence signal, associated with oxidation of DCFH to DCF, indicated that the mechanism of apoptosis is independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results of immunoblotting and RT-qPCR assays showed that treatment with organic fractions under investigation resulted in significant up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein and mRNA markers for Caspase-3, p53 and Bax, whereas it resulted in a significant reduction in amounts of both protein and mRNA of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. FACS analysis also indicated that pre-treatment and co-treatment of human amniotic epithelial (WISH) cells exposed to the ROS H2O2 with EtOAc fraction provide a cytoprotective and antioxidant capacity against generated oxidative stress. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of natural phenolic and flavonoid compounds with unparalleled and unique antioxidant and anticancer properties.

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Hirakawa, Yuichi, Koichi Kawahara, Fuyuki Yoshida, Hideharu Nakashima, and Hiroshi Abe. "High Temperature Deformation Behaviour of Ultra-High Purity Polycrystalline Silicon." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 63, no. 9 (1999): 1093–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.63.9_1093.

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49

Okiyama, T., T. Hara, T. Takemoto, Y. Kawai, and Y. Nakamura. "High permeability of Fe-Ni-Cr with ultra-high purity." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 28, no. 5 (September 1992): 2790–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.179628.

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50

Bennett, Anthony. "Water processes and production: High and ultra-high purity water." Filtration & Separation 46, no. 2 (March 2009): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-1882(09)70034-5.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultra high purity oxygen'

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