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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultra-fast lasers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Müller, Dirk, Andreas Blumenrath, Hatim Haloui, and Bernhard Klimt. "Ultra-fast Lasers Leave their Mark." Laser Technik Journal 9, no. 5 (October 25, 2012): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/latj.201290066.

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2

&NA;, &NA;. "ICALEO??98 Will Showcase Ultra- Fast Lasers." Optometry and Vision Science 75, no. 8 (August 1998): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199808000-00011.

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3

Dua, Harleen Kaur, Niti Kant, and Vishal Thakur. "Second Harmonic Generation by ultra-fast Lasers in Plasma." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1531 (May 2020): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1531/1/012008.

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4

Mao, Yu Dong, and Ming Tian Xu. "Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method to Simulate the Heat Conduction in a Thin Film Induced by Ultra-Fast Laser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.896.

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Ultra-fast laser heating technology has been widely used in the micro-/nanodevices. The Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is employed to simulate the heat conductions of laser heating appeared in a thin film. The results obtained by the LBM show that a wavelike behavior is appeared, but it can not be found in Fourier prediction. Comparing the results obtained by the Fourier law and LBM, we find that the LBM solution shows higher temperature than the Fourier prediction. Moreover, simultaneously heating both surfaces of a thin silicon film by ultra-fast lasers can induce two thermal waves traveling in the opposite directions, and when they meet together, the energy will enhance significantly.

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5

Khalid, M., G. Y. Chen, J. Bei, H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, and D. G. Lancaster. "Microchip and ultra-fast laser inscribed waveguide lasers in Yb3+germanate glass." Optical Materials Express 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 3557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.9.003557.

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6

Sun, Yuxin, and Masumi Saka. "Vibrations of microscale circular plates induced by ultra-fast lasers." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 50, no. 9 (September 2008): 1365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2008.07.006.

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7

Wang, Zheng, Guo, Chen, Zhang, and Li. "Nonlinear Optical Properties of Zirconium Diselenide and Its Ultra-Fast Modulator Application." Nanomaterials 9, no. 10 (October 4, 2019): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101419.

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Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely studied by researchers due to their exceptional 2D structure and excellent optical characteristics. As one of the typically-layered 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors from group IVB with a bandgap value of 0.9–1.2 eV (bulk to monolayer), the characteristics of zirconium diselenide (ZrSe2) have already been extensively investigated in many fields. However, the nonlinear absorption properties of ZrSe2 in ultra-fast lasers have not been previously demonstrated. In this work, we measured various parameters in order to investigate the characteristics of the nonlinear saturable absorption of ZrSe2. A ZrSe2–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film was successfully prepared, which was employed as a saturable absorber (SA) to demonstrate, for the first time, an erbium (Er)-doped passive mode-locking fiber laser with a ring cavity. The saturation intensity of the ZrSe2–PVA film-type SA is 12.72 MW/cm2, while its modulation depth is 2.3%. The stable soliton state with a maximum output power of 11.37 mW and a narrowest monopulse duration of 12.5 ps at a repetition frequency of 21.22 MHz was detected. The experimental results conclusively proved that ZrSe2, with its suitable bandgap value and excellent nonlinear absorption properties, as well as its high damage threshold, should have extensive potential applications within the field of ultra-fast pulse lasers.

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8

HOLMLID, LEIF. "TWO-COLLECTOR TIMING OF 3–14 MeV/u PARTICLES FROM LASER-INDUCED PROCESSES IN ULTRA-DENSE DEUTERIUM." International Journal of Modern Physics E 22, no. 12 (December 2013): 1350089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301313500894.

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D + D fusion may be initiated in ultra-dense deuterium D (-1) by nanosecond and picosecond pulsed lasers, as reported previously. Two in-line current collectors observe the MeV particles ejected from the laser target at up to a meter distance in a vacuum. The current signal is measured directly by using a fast oscilloscope with nanosecond resolution. Most of the signal observed is due to fast particles with energy of 3–14 MeV u -1. This confirms that the second stage of fusion reactions 3 He + D and T + D initiated in D + D fusion takes place, since otherwise such a large energy would not be available. The reaction rate for 3 He and T at MeV energies is high, which means reaction with D after moving a short distance of 150 nm in the ultra-dense material.

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9

KODAMA, Ryosuke. "Efficient Fast-Heating of Fusion Fuel with Ultra-Intense Short-Pulse Lasers." Review of Laser Engineering 32, no. 5 (2004): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.32.313.

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10

Jiang, Y., R. Pasternak, Z. Marka, Y. V. Shirokaya, J. K. Miller, S. N. Rashkeev, Yu D. Glinka, et al. "Spin/carrier dynamics at semiconductor interfaces using intense, tunable, ultra-fast lasers." physica status solidi (b) 240, no. 3 (December 2003): 490–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200303861.

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11

Lykov, V. A., V. E. Chernyakov, Ya Z. Kandiev, I. A. Litvinenko, and V. G. Nikolaev. "Simulation of a high-brightness, hard X-ray source based on high-intensity interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with high-Z targets." Laser and Particle Beams 15, no. 1 (March 1997): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600010831.

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The results of numerical simulations of fast electrons interaction with matter, calculated yield and angular distribution of bremsstrahlung and fluorescence K-α X-ray radiation and generation of electromagnetic fields, carried out by ERA, PM2D, and PRIZMA codes for the state of experiments on interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with high-Z targets at intensity of 1016−1018 W/cm2 are presented. Spherical targets with conical hollows and conical targets of high-Z matter are proposed for experiments with picosecond lasers to increase the brightness of hard X-ray sources.

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12

Shang, Xinxin, Linguang Guo, Huanian Zhang, Dengwang Li, and Qingyang Yue. "Titanium Disulfide Based Saturable Absorber for Generating Passively Mode-Locked and Q-Switched Ultra-Fast Fiber Lasers." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2020): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10101922.

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In our work, passively mode-locked and Q-switched Er-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs) based on titanium disulfide (TiS2) as a saturable absorber (SA) were generated successfully. Stable mode-locked pulses centred at 1531.69 nm with the minimum pulse width of 2.36 ps were obtained. By reducing the length of the laser cavity and optimizing the cavity loss, Q-switched operation with a maximum pulse energy of 67.2 nJ and a minimum pulse duration of 2.34 µs was also obtained. Its repetition rate monotonically increased from 13.17 kHz to 48.45 kHz with about a 35 kHz tuning range. Our experiment results fully indicate that TiS2 exhibits excellent nonlinear absorption performance and significant potential in acting as ultra-fast photonics devices.

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13

DUNNE, GERALD V. "THE SEARCH FOR THE SCHWINGER EFFECT: NONPERTURBATIVE VACUUM PAIR PRODUCTION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 11 (April 30, 2010): 2373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10049657.

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The Schwinger effect is the non-perturbative production of electron-positron pairs when an external electric field is applied to the quantum electrodynamical (QED) vacuum. The inherent instability of the vacuum in an electric field was one of the first non-trivial predictions of QED, but the effect is so weak that it has not yet been directly observed. However, there are exciting new developments in ultra-high intensity lasers, which may bring us to the verge of this extreme ultra-relativistic regime. This necessitates a fresh look at both experimental and theoretical aspects of the Schwinger effect. I describe some new theoretical ideas aimed at making this elusive effect observable, by careful shaping of the laser pulses, much as is done [in a different intensity regime] in the fast-developing field of atto-science.

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14

Gamaly, Eugene G. "Ultra-fast disordering by fs-lasers: Lattice superheating prior to the entropy catastrophe." Applied Physics A 101, no. 1 (May 26, 2010): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-5779-9.

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15

Sanzaro, Salvatore, Corrado Bongiorno, Paolo Badalà, Anna Bassi, Ioannis Deretzis, Marius Enachescu, Giovanni Franco, et al. "Simulations of the Ultra-Fast Kinetics in Ni-Si-C Ternary Systems under Laser Irradiation." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 4769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164769.

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We present a method for the simulation of the kinetic evolution in the sub µs timescale for composite materials containing regions occupied by alloys, compounds, and mixtures belonging to the Ni-Si-C ternary system. Pulsed laser irradiation (pulses of the order of 100 ns) promotes this evolution. The simulation approach is formulated in the framework of the phase-field theory and it consists of a system of coupled non-linear partial differential equations (PDEs), which considers as variables the following fields: the laser electro-magnetic field, the temperature, the phase-field and the material (Ni, Si, C, C clusters and Ni-silicides) densities. The model integrates a large set of materials and reaction parameters which could also self-consistently depend on the model variables. A parameter calibration is also proposed, specifically suited for the wavelength of a widely used class of excimer lasers (λ = 308 nm). The model is implemented on a proprietary laser annealing technology computer-aided design (TCAD) tool based on the finite element method (FEM). This integration allows, in principle, numerical solutions in systems of any dimension. Here we discuss the complex simulation trend in the one-dimensional case, considering as a starting state, thin films on 4H-SiC substrates, i.e., a configuration reproducing a technologically relevant case study. Simulations as a function of the laser energy density show an articulated scenario, also induced by the variables’ dependency of the materials’ parameters, for the non-melting, partial-melting and full-melting process conditions. The simulation results are validated by post-process experimental analyses of the microstructure and composition of the irradiated samples.

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16

Ning, Kaijie, Youchen Liu, Jie Ma, Lianhan Zhang, Xiaoyan Liang, Dingyuan Tang, Ruxin Li, and Yin Hang. "Growth and characterization of large-scale Ti:sapphire crystal using heat exchange method for ultra-fast ultra-high-power lasers." CrystEngComm 17, no. 14 (2015): 2801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ce00014a.

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17

Delorme, F., A. Ramdane, B. Rose, S. Slempkes, and H. Nakajima. "Ultra-fast optical switching operation of DBR lasers using an electro-optical tuning section." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 7, no. 3 (March 1995): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.372742.

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18

Lu, Bo, Chen-Rui Fan, Jun-Yang Song, and Chuan Wang. "Optical Parametric Oscillation with Ultra-Low Power Threshold in a Dimer of Active-Passive Cavities." Crystals 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050566.

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Optical parametric oscillation can convert the input laser into a couple of coherent optical output with signal and idler frequencies. It is an important method for the realization of the broadband middle infrared tunable lasers. The optical parametric oscillation process depends on the ultra-fast non-linear response of matter to light with a certain pump power. Therefore, reducing the pump threshold of the optical parametric oscillation process and improving the energy conversion efficiency are of great significance to the study of non-linear optics. In this paper, we construct a dimer system that couples a passive non-linear resonator to an active resonator. Based on the dimer system, an ultra-low threshold optical parametric oscillation generation method is proposed. By coupling the gain pump mode, the non-linear effect is effectively enhanced, the pump power threshold is reduced to half of when there is no gain, and the energy conversion efficiency is increased. We believe this research provides a feasible method for a low-threshold tunable and easy-to-integrate optical parametric oscillation laser source.

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19

WANG, NAIYAN, YUSHENG SHAN, WEIYI MA, DAWEI YANG, GONG KUN, XIAOJUN WANG, XIUZHANG TANG, YEZHENG TAO, JINGLONG MA, and XINGDONG JIANG. "Activities of developing high-power KrF lasers and studying laser plasmas interaction physics at CIAE." Laser and Particle Beams 20, no. 1 (January 2002): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034602201172.

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This report reviews the scientific activities on high power laser and laser plasma physics at CIAE. A 6-beam KrF excimer laser system (100 J/23 ns/248 nm/1013 W/cm2, 15 min/shot) has been built, the Raman technologies used to upgrade it to 1014 W/cm2 has been studied. A UV femtosecond Ti:sapphire/KrF hybrid laser (50 mJ/220 fs/248 nm/1017 W/cm2) has been developed also, hot electron generation research has been carried out in the fs laser. In the near future, the fs laser will be amplified in six-beam laser system to produce ultra-high intensity to do fundamental researches on Fast Ignition of ICF.

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20

Song, Changyong, Kensuke Tono, Jaehyun Park, Tomio Ebisu, Sunam Kim, Hiroki Shimada, Sangsoo Kim, et al. "Multiple application X-ray imaging chamber for single-shot diffraction experiments with femtosecond X-ray laser pulses." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 1 (January 8, 2014): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576713029944.

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X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide intense (∼1012 photons per pulse) coherent X-rays with ultra-short (∼10−14 s) pulse lengths. X-rays of such an unprecedented nature have introduced new means of atomic scale structural investigations, and discoveries are still ongoing. Effective use of XFELs would be further accelerated on a highly adaptable platform where most of the new experiments can be realized. Introduced here is the multiple-application X-ray imaging chamber (MAXIC), which is able to carry out various single-pulse diffraction experiments including single-shot imaging, nanocrystallographic data acquisition and ultra-fast pump–probe scattering for specimens in solid, liquid and gas phases. The MAXIC established at the SPring-8 ångström compact free-electron laser (SACLA) has demonstrated successful applications in the aforementioned experiments, but is not limited to them. Also introduced are recent experiments on single-shot diffraction imaging of Au nanoparticles and serial crystallographic data collection of lysozyme crystals at SACLA.

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21

Matsumoto, Hisashi. "Laser Direct Ablation for Patterning Printed Wiring Boards Using Ultra-fast Lasers and High Speed Beam Delivery Architectures." Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering 8, no. 3 (December 2013): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2961/jlmn.2013.03.0022.

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22

Cvecek, Kristian. "Strength of Joining Seams in Glass Welded by Ultra-fast Lasers Depending on Focus Height." Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering 7, no. 1 (February 2012): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2961/jlmn.2012.01.0013.

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23

Gu, Cheng, George Belev, Haonan Tian, Shuting Shi, Issam Nofal, Shijie Wen, and Li Chen. "Developing a Universal Mirror–mirror Laser Mapping System for Single Event Effect Research." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093018.

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Research on single event effects (SEEs) is significant to the design and manufacture of modern electronic devices. By applying two photon absorption (TPA) ultra-fast pulsed lasers, extra electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are generated in a desired location on a chip, simulating the process that could occur in the circuit by energetic particles. In this study, a SEE sensitivity mapping system is described which uses this method to generate real-time sensitivity maps for various electronic devices. The system hardware includes an attenuator to control the energy, a Pockels cell as a fast-optical switcher and a mirror–mirror module to project the laser beam into a certain location. The system software developed for this application controls the laser system, automatically generates sensitivity maps, communicates with the testing devices and logs the SEE results. The two main features of this laser mapping system are: high scanning velocity for large area scanning (about 1 × 1 mm) and high spatial resolution for small area scanning (about 1 × 1 μm). To verify this mapping system, sensitivity maps were generated for static random access memory (SRAM) built with 65 nm technology and for commercial operational amplifiers (op-amps). The achieved sensitivity maps were compared with circuitry analysis and laser testing results, confirming this mapping system to be effective.

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24

Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Diling Zhu, Thomas Kroll, Mathieu Chollet, Yiping Feng, James M. Glownia, et al. "Photon-in photon-out hard X-ray spectroscopy at the Linac Coherent Light Source." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 22, no. 3 (April 15, 2015): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515004488.

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X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) have opened unprecedented possibilities to study the structure and dynamics of matter at an atomic level and ultra-fast timescale. Many of the techniques routinely used at storage ring facilities are being adapted for experiments conducted at FELs. In order to take full advantage of these new sources several challenges have to be overcome. They are related to the very different source characteristics and its resulting impact on sample delivery, X-ray optics, X-ray detection and data acquisition. Here it is described how photon-in photon-out hard X-ray spectroscopy techniques can be applied to study the electronic structure and its dynamics of transition metal systems with ultra-bright and ultra-short FEL X-ray pulses. In particular, some of the experimental details that are different compared with synchrotron-based setups are discussed and illustrated by recent measurements performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source.

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25

GAMALY, E. G., A. V. RODE, and B. LUTHER-DAVIES. "Formation of diamond-like carbon films and carbon foam by ultrafast laser ablation." Laser and Particle Beams 18, no. 2 (April 2000): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600182138.

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The ultra-fast ablation of a graphite target using high repetition rate Nd:YAG lasers allows us to deposit two distinctly different carbonaceous structures, depending on the ambient Ar pressure: a diamond-like carbon film with the surface finish down to atomic level at a pressure below 0.1 Torr, and a fractal C nanofoam with air-like density and diamond-like resistivity at higher pressure. The experimental characterization of vapors and carbonaceous materials produced is presented and compared to the theoretical predictions. The analysis of the formation conditions leads to the qualitative understanding of the formation mechanism for both C structures.

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26

Nedosekin, Dmitry A., Mustafa Sarimollaoglu, Jian-Hui Ye, Ekaterina I. Galanzha, and Vladimir P. Zharov. "In vivo ultra-fast photoacoustic flow cytometry of circulating human melanoma cells using near-infrared high-pulse rate lasers." Cytometry Part A 79A, no. 10 (July 22, 2011): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.21102.

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27

White, John, Victoria Centonze, David Wokosin, and William Mohler. "Using Multiphoton Microscopy for the Study of Embryogenesis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600008424.

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Multiphoton fluorescence excitation imaging is an optical sectioning technique for fluorescence microscopy. At very high photon densities, two or more photons may coordinately excite an energy transition in a fluorophore that corresponds to the sum of the energies of the individual photons. by this means, a fluorophore may be excited by a wavelength that is considerably longer than its single photon excitation wavelength. Ultra-fast pulsed (femtosecond) lasers can produce the peak power densities in the focal volume of an objective lens needed to provide sufficient 2- or 3- photon excitation events for imaging. The use of short-pulse lasers provides the high peak powers necessary for imaging yet with modest mean power levels that do not thermally damage biological specimens. Production of multiphoton events depends on the square of photon density for 2-photon excitation and the cube of photon density for 3-photon excitation. The power density therefore rapidly falls off away from the focal volume of an objective lens, thereby confining fluorescence excitation to the focal volume.

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28

Sano, Yuji, Kiyotaka Masaki, Koichi Akita, Kentaro Kajiwara, and Tomokazu Sano. "Effect of Laser Peening on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys Probed by Synchrotron Radiation and X-Ray Free Electron Laser." Metals 10, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111490.

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Synchrotron radiation (SR) and X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) are indispensable tools not only for the exploration of science but also for the evolution of industry. We used SR and XFEL to elucidate the mechanism and the effects of laser peening without coating (LPwC) which enhances the durability of metallic materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) employing SR revealed that the residual stress (RS) in the top surface became compressive as the laser pulse irradiation density increased with appropriate overlapping of adjacent laser pulses. SR-based computed tomography (CT) was used to nondestructively reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) images of fatigue cracks in aluminum alloy, revealing that LPwC retarded crack propagation on the surface and inside of the sample. SR-based computed laminography (CL) was applied to friction stir welded (FSWed) aluminum alloy plates to visualize fatigue cracks propagating along the welds. The fatigue crack had complicated shape; however, it became a semi-ellipsoid once projected onto a plane perpendicular to the fatigue loading direction. Ultra-fast XRD using an XFEL was conducted to investigate the dynamic response of aluminum alloy to an impulsive pressure wave simulating the LPwC condition. The diffraction pattern changed from spotty to smooth, implying grain refinement or subgrain formation. Shifts in diffraction angles were also observed, coinciding with the pressure history of laser irradiation. The durations of the dynamic phenomena were less than 1 µs; it may be possible to use high-repetition lasers at frequencies greater than kHz to reduce LPwC processing times.

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29

Kopecký, Miloš, Edoardo Busetto, and Andrea Lausi. "Reconstruction of diffraction patterns by using the Helmholz–Kirchhoff integral theorem." Journal of Applied Crystallography 36, no. 6 (November 15, 2003): 1368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002188980302020x.

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A new method to obtain three-dimensional information on atomic arrangement from a monochromatic Laue pattern based on the Helmholz–Kirchhoff integral theorem is presented and experimentally proved by applying the algorithm to the thermal diffuse scattering from a single crystal. The advantage given by the possibility of collecting all the required data on a position-sensitive detector in one shot opens new perspectives for studies of fast physical or chemical processes in three dimensions. The reduced exposure time can also avoid radiation damage of organic specimens, and, in conjunction with an ultra-bright beam from the next generation of X-ray free-electron lasers, makes the method suitable for structural studies with individual atomic clusters. This approach can also be used, by observing the thermal diffuse scattering or order diffuse scattering from both non-crystalline samples and `imperfect' crystals, for the investigation of short-range ordered arrangements of atoms.

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30

Li, Xiangyang, Zongpeng Song, Huancheng Zhao, Wenfei Zhang, Zhenhua Sun, Huawei Liang, Haiou Zhu, Jihong Pei, Ling Li, and Shuangchen Ruan. "SnSe Nanosheets: From Facile Synthesis to Applications in Broadband Photodetections." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010049.

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In recent years, using two-dimensional (2D) materials to realize broadband photodetection has become a promising area in optoelectronic devices. Here, we successfully synthesized SnSe nanosheets (NSs) by a facile tip ultra-sonication method in water-ethanol solvent which was eco-friendly. The carrier dynamics of SnSe NSs was systematically investigated via a femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the visible wavelength regime and three decay components were clarified with delay time of τ1 = 0.77 ps, τ2 = 8.3 ps, and τ3 = 316.5 ps, respectively, indicating their potential applications in ultrafast optics and optoelectronics. As a proof-of-concept, the photodetectors, which integrated SnSe NSs with monolayer graphene, show high photoresponsivities and excellent response speeds for different incident lasers. The maximum photo-responsivities for 405, 532, and 785 nm were 1.75 × 104 A/W, 4.63 × 103 A/W, and 1.52 × 103 A/W, respectively. The photoresponse times were ~22.6 ms, 11.6 ms, and 9.7 ms. This behavior was due to the broadband light response of SnSe NSs and fast transportation of photocarriers between the monolayer graphene and SnSe NSs.

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31

Zheng Kuang, Zheng Kuang, Dun Liu Dun Liu*, Walter Perrie Walter Perrie, Jian Cheng Jian Cheng, Shuo Shang Shuo Shang, S. P. Edwardson S. P. Edwardson, E. Fearon E. Fearon, G. Dearden G. Dearden, and K. G. Watkins K. G. Watkins. "Diffractive Multi-beam Ultra-fast Laser Micro-processing Using a Spatial Light Modulator(Invited Paper)." Chinese Journal of Lasers 36, no. 12 (2009): 3093–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20093612.3093.

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32

Shelby, Megan L., Deepshika Gilbile, Thomas D. Grant, William J. Bauer, Brent Segelke, Wei He, Angela C. Evans, et al. "Crystallization of ApoA1 and ApoE4 Nanolipoprotein Particles and Initial XFEL-Based Structural Studies." Crystals 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100886.

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Nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs), also called “nanodiscs”, are discoidal particles with a patch of lipid bilayer corralled by apolipoproteins. NLPs have long been of interest due to both their utility as membrane-model systems into which membrane proteins can be inserted and solubilized and their physiological role in lipid and cholesterol transport via high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) maturation, which are important for human health. Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) at X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) is a powerful approach for structural biology of membrane proteins, which are traditionally difficult to crystallize as large single crystals capable of producing high-quality diffraction suitable for structure determination. To facilitate understanding of the specific role of two apolipoprotein/lipid complexes, ApoA1 and ApoE4, in lipid binding and HDL/LDL particle maturation dynamics, and to develop new SFX methods involving NLP membrane protein encapsulation, we have prepared and crystallized homogeneous populations of ApoA1 and ApoE4 NLPs. Crystallization of empty NLPs yields semi-ordered objects that appear crystalline and give highly anisotropic and diffuse X-ray diffraction, similar to fiber diffraction. Several unit cell parameters were approximately determined for both NLPs from these measurements. Thus, low-background, sample conservative methods of delivery are critical. Here we implemented a fixed target sample delivery scheme utilizing the Roadrunner fast-scanning system and ultra-thin polymer/graphene support films, providing a low-volume, low-background approach to membrane protein SFX. This study represents initial steps in obtaining structural information for ApoA1 and ApoE4 NLPs and developing this system as a supporting scaffold for future structural studies of membrane proteins crystalized in a native lipid environment.

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33

Glass, A. M. "Materials for Photonic Switching and Information Processing." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 8 (August 1988): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400064629.

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In electronic processors, heat dissipation and interconnection delay are serious design and performance limiting factors. Why then consider photonic components where both the energy and size of the photon are large (˜1 eV and ˜1 μm, respectively) and the required nonlinear interactions between electric or magnetic fields and photons for switching or modulation are small? There are several answers to this question. First, the wide bandwidth of optical communications systems is taxing the current capabilities of electronic switching technologies. Even a slow optical switch can switch a very wide bandwidth optical signal from one fiber to another. External optical modulators will likely be required in ultrawide bandwidth communications because of basic limitations on direct modulation of lasers. Because of the weak electromagnetic interaction and low dispersion, optical interconnection of electronic circuits offers considerable advantages in high speed computer architectures. Some of these applications would appear to be relatively near term since they build on current capabilities of optical communication.Longer term and more speculative are applications of photonics to computation and image processing — areas where electronics technology is already mature. Current research can be divided into two groups — ultrafast processing and parallel processing. The first group concentrates on processing with ultra-fast optical pulses. Optical pulses as short as 6 fs — orders of magnitude shorter than any electronic pulses — have been generated in the research laboratory. High processing rates are achievable by serial processing of high repetition rate ultrashort pulses. This approach requires ultrafast switches, which in turn requires materials with ultrafast nonlinear optical response time. Indeed, the shortest electrical signals are now measured by optical sampling techniques.

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Razak, Nurul Nadia, Anas Abdul Latiff, Zahriladha Zakaria, and Sulaiman Wadi Harun. "Q-switched Erbium-doped Fiber Laser with a Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorber." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.737.

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A passively Q-switched Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) is demonstrated using a black phosphorus saturable absorber as the Q-switcher. The laser generates a stable pulse operating at a wavelength of 1562.35 nm within a pump power region from 7.2 mW to 42.3 mW. At 980 nm pump power of 42.3 mW, the EDFL generates an optical pulse train with a repetition rate of 44.72 kHz and pulse width of 9.8 us. The maximum pulse energy of 81.5 nJ is obtained at a pump power of 35.2 mW. A higher performance Q-switched EDFL is expected to be achieved with the optimization of the saturable absorber and laser cavity. Full Text: PDF ReferencesR. Mas-Balleste, C. Gomez-Navarro, J. Gomez-Herrero and F. Zamora, "2D materials: to graphene and beyond", Nanoscale 3, 20 (2011). CrossRef Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, D. Popa, G. Privitera, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, D. M. Basko and A. C. Ferrari, "Graphene Mode-Locked Ultrafast Laser", ACS nano 4, 803 (2010) CrossRef F. Xia, H. Wang and Y. Jia, "Rediscovering black phosphorus as an anisotropic layered material for optoelectronics and electronics.", Nat Commun 5 (2014). CrossRef G. Sobon, "Mode-locking of fiber lasers using novel two-dimensional nanomaterials: graphene and topological insulators [Invited]", Photonics Research 3, A56 (2015). CrossRef Y. Chen, G. Jiang, S. Chen, Z. Guo, X. Yu, C. Zhao, H. Zhang, Q. Bao, S. Wen and D. Tang, "Mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus as a new saturable absorber for both Q-switching and Mode-locking laser operation", Optics express 23, 12823 (2015). CrossRef M. Hisyam, M. Rusdi, A. Latiff and S. Harun, "Generation of Mode-Locked Ytterbium Doped Fiber Ring Laser Using Few-Layer Black Phosphorus as a Saturable Absorber", IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 23, 39 (2017). CrossRef S. Sugai and I. Shirotani, "Raman and infrared reflection spectroscopy in black phosphorus", Solid state communications 53, 753 (1985). CrossRef Z.-C. Luo, M. Liu, Z.-N. Guo, X.-F. Jiang, A.-P. Luo, C.-J. Zhao, X.-F. Yu, W.-C. Xu and H. Zhang, "Microfiber-based few-layer black phosphorus saturable absorber for ultra-fast fiber laser", Optics express 23, 20030 (2015). CrossRef A. Latiff, M. Rusdi, M. Hisyam, H. Ahmad and S. Harun, "A generation of 2 um Q-switched thulium-doped fibre laser based on anatase titanium(IV) oxide film saturable absorber", Journal of Modern Optics 64, 187 (2017). CrossRef J. Bogusławski, G. Soboń, K. Tarnowski, R. Zybała, K. Mars, A. Mikuła, K. M. Abramski and J. Sotor, "All-polarization-maintaining-fiber laser Q-switched by evanescent field interaction with Sb2Te3 saturable absorber", Optical Engineering 55, 081316 (2016). CrossRef Z. Wang, Y. Xu, S. C. Dhanabalan, J. Sophia, C. Zhao, C. Xu, Y. Xiang, J. Li, and H. Zhang, "Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots as an Efficient Saturable Absorber for Bound Soliton Operation in an Erbium Doped Fiber Laser," IEEE Photonics Journal 8, 1 (2016). CrossRef

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Jakschik, S., and D. Kesslau. "Particle Filtration for Ultra Fast Laser Processing." Physics Procedia 41 (2013): 566–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2013.03.117.

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Lazzini, G., A. H. A. Lutey, L. Romoli, M. Allegrini, and F. Fuso. "Ultra-fast laser machining of stainless steel." Journal of Instrumentation 15, no. 04 (April 6, 2020): C04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/04/c04018.

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SHICHIDA, YOSHINORI. "ULTRA-FAST LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF VISUAL PIGMENTS." Photochemistry and Photobiology 52, no. 6 (December 1990): 1179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1990.tb08456.x.

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Bruening, S., K. Du, M. Jarczynski, G. Jenke, and A. Gillner. "Ultra-fast laser micro processing by multiple laser spots." Procedia CIRP 74 (2018): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2018.08.084.

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39

NAIK, P. A., and P. D. GUPTA. "STUDIES PLANNED AT CAT, INDORE ON LASER-PLASMA BASED ELECTRON ACCELERATION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 03n04 (February 10, 2007): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207042240.

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The Laser Plasma Division at the Centre for Advanced Technology is engaged in a variety of research and development activities on laser-plasma interaction with special emphasis on laser-matter interaction at ultra-high intensities. An important aspect of our future work is studies in laser-plasma based acceleration using an elaborate infrastructural set-up of ultra-fast laser and plasma diagnostic systems and recently acquired 10TW, 50fs Ti :Sapphire laser system. This paper presents outline of the planned studies in this field.

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Xie, Di, Hui Chen, Siyi Yin, Feisen Wang, Jingwen Chen, and Sifei Ai. "Effect of different laser energy densities on the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 67, no. 5 (June 19, 2020): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-02-2020-2263.

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Purpose Laser cleaning, as a new type of cleaning technology, has the advantages of environment-friendliness, better selectivity, better controllability and higher efficiency compared to traditional chemical cleaning or grinding. This paper aims to use ultra-fast surface laser cleaning equipment built in laboratory to study the influence of different energy density (7.6, 11.5 and 15.3 J/cm2) on corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy A7N01P-T4, a high-speed train body material. Design/methodology/approach SEM, white light interferometer, EDS and XPS were used to analyze the surface morphology, roughness, element content and oxide layer composition of aluminum alloy before and after cleaning. The corrosion resistance was studied by electrochemical experiments and exfoliation corrosion experiments. Findings The results showed that new oxide scale was formed on the surface after laser cleaning. The changes of surface roughness and chemical composition of oxide scale made a significant influence on corrosion behaviors. Better corrosion resistance was obtained with the energy density increased, and at the energy density of 11.5 J/cm2, aluminum alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance. Research limitations/implications The paper only studies specific aluminum alloys and is not universal. Laser cleaning equipment is set up for the laboratory and has not yet been put into industrial production. Practical implications This paper indicated that ultra-fast laser processing was a new direction for the development of industrial equipment surface cleaning and carried out ultra-fast laser of aluminum alloy surface cleaning had certain research significance for its corrosion resistance. Social implications Compared with the conventional cleaning methods such as air abrasives grinding or chemical cleaning, laser cleaning has advantages of environment-friendliness, better selectivity, better controllability and higher efficiency. Laser cleaning can not only protect the environment, but also improve cleaning efficiency. Originality/value Changes in the surface of aluminum alloys after ultra-fast surface laser treatment were found, and the mechanism of changes in aluminum alloy corrosion properties was clarified.

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Ma, Peng-fei, Wei Lin, Hua-nian Zhang, Shan-hui Xu, and Zhong-min Yang. "Nonlinear Absorption Properties of Cr2Ge2Te6 and Its Application as an Ultra-Fast Optical Modulator." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050789.

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In this manuscript, the nonlinear absorption properties of Cr2Ge2Te6 and its application in ultra-fast optical modulation are investigated. Typical parameters, namely, nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), saturation intensity, and modulation depth are measured to be ~1.66 × 10−9 m/W, 15.3 MW/cm2, and 5.8%, respectively. To investigate the feasibility of using the Cr2Ge2Te6 as an ultra-fast optical modulator, a ring-cavity passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser has been constructed. The output power/pulse, duration/pulse, and repetition rate/signal-to-noise ratios for the stable mode-locked operation are 2.88 mW/881 fs/19.33 MHz/48 dB, respectively, which proves that the Cr2Ge2Te6 has outstanding nonlinear optical properties and advantages in performing as an ultra-fast optical modulator. Further, the experimental results provide valuable references and open new avenues for developing two-dimensional, material-based, ultra-fast optical modulators and advanced photonic devices based on Cr2Ge2Te6.

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Tikhonchuk, V. T., T. Schlegel, C. Regan, M. Temporal, J. L. Feugeas, Ph Nicolaï, and X. Ribeyre. "Fast ion ignition with ultra-intense laser pulses." Nuclear Fusion 50, no. 4 (March 16, 2010): 045003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/50/4/045003.

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d'Humieres, E., Y. Sentoku, and A. Kemp. "Ultra-fast ionization modeling in laser-plasma interaction." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 112, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 022108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022108.

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Sanz, M., M. Castillejo, S. Amoruso, G. Ausanio, R. Bruzzese, and X. Wang. "Ultra-fast laser ablation and deposition of TiO2." Applied Physics A 101, no. 4 (July 21, 2010): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-5916-5.

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Domke, Matthias, Stephan Rapp, Michael Schmidt, and Heinz P. Huber. "Ultra-fast movies of thin-film laser ablation." Applied Physics A 109, no. 2 (July 31, 2012): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-012-7072-6.

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Arnou, Panagiota, Alberto Lomuscio, Thomas P. Weiss, Daniel Siopa, Sergio Giraldo, Edgardo Saucedo, Michael A. Scarpulla, and Phillip J. Dale. "Continuous-wave laser annealing of metallic layers for CuInSe2 solar cell applications: effect of preheating treatment on grain growth." RSC Advances 10, no. 1 (2020): 584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06896a.

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Pisonero, J., D. Bouzas-Ramos, H. Traub, B. Cappella, C. Álvarez-Llamas, S. Richter, J. C. Mayo, J. M. Costa-Fernandez, N. Bordel, and N. Jakubowski. "Critical evaluation of fast and highly resolved elemental distribution in single cells using LA-ICP-SFMS." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 34, no. 4 (2019): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ja00096d.

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The analytical potential of a nanosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer system, equipped with an ultra-fast wash-out ablation chamber, is critically investigated for fast and highly spatially resolved (∼μm) qualitative elemental distribution within single cells.

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Xiong, Chang-Wei, Ching-Yen Ho, and Dong-Kai Qiao. "Analysis of Direct Optical Ablation and Sequent Thermal Ablation for the Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Photo-Thermal Micromachining." Coatings 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121151.

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An ultra-fast pulsed laser for materials processing can obtain submicrometer- to nanometer-sized parts or patterns (precision or accuracy) because the heat cannot diffuse in time for an ultra-fast pulsed duration, and this causes a threshold of ablation in multi-photoabsorption. The optical and thermal effects significantly affect the processing quality of an ultrashort pulsed laser for materials. This study utilizes a Laplace transform method to display the optical and thermal effects on the temperature field and the ablated depth of an ultrashort pulsed laser processing of materials. The results reveal that If an ultrafast pulsed laser-induced heat can keep the irradiated region above the evaporated temperature until the thermal diffusion occurs in the lattice of materials, thermal ablation occurs. The optical ablation can get a better processing quality due to less thermal diffusion. This study theoretically elucidates that the depth of optical ablation approximates the product of an optical absorption length and the logarithm of the ratio of laser fluence to laser fluence threshold. It has also been shown that the optical and thermal ablation, respectively, occur in low and high laser fluence because the optical ablation depends directly on the main source of the incident ultrashort pulsed laser. However, the thermal ablation is determined by the residual heat directly from the incident ultrashort pulsed laser after the optical ablation. The increase rate of the ablated depth per pulse with laser fluence is actually lower at high laser fluences than that at low laser fluences because the thermal ablation using the residual heat directly from the incident ultrashort pulsed laser is governed at high laser fluences. This study will provide the closed-form of a solution that elucidate the direct optical ablation and sequent thermal ablation for the ultra-fast pulsed laser photo-thermal processing.

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Zhou, Yong, Zhengxiong Zhang, Wenhui Jiang, Panyun Gao, Xiu Zhang, Wei Zhang, Ying Zhang, et al. "A passively mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser based on a D-shaped fiber deposited with PbS nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 36 (2019): 11215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc03083b.

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Zhang, Xinjie, Di Huang, Wenlai Tang, Di Jiang, Ke Chen, Hong Yi, Nan Xiang, and Zhonghua Ni. "A low cost and quasi-commercial polymer film chip for high-throughput inertial cell isolation." RSC Advances 6, no. 12 (2016): 9734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra27092h.

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