Journal articles: 'Ultra-fast charging'

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Saadaoui, Achraf, Mohammed Ouassaid, and Mohamed Maaroufi. "Overview of Integration of Power Electronic Topologies and Advanced Control Techniques of Ultra-Fast EV Charging Stations in Standalone Microgrids." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031031.

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For longer journeys, when drivers of electric vehicles need a charge on the road, the best solution is off-board ultra-fast chargers, which offer a short charging time for electric vehicle batteries. Consequently, the ultra-fast charging of batteries is a major issue in electric mobility development globally. Current research in the area of power electronics for electric vehicle charging applications is focused on new high-power chargers. These chargers will significantly increase the charging power of electric vehicles, which will reduce the charging time. Furthermore, electric vehicles can be deployed to achieve improved efficiency and high-quality power if vehicle to microgrid (V2µG) is applied. In this paper, standards for ultra-fast charging stations and types of fast charging methods are reviewed. Various power electronic topologies, the modular design approach used in ultra-fast charging, and integration of the latter into standalone microgrids are also discussed in this paper. Finally, advanced control techniques for ultra-fast chargers are addressed.

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Valedsaravi, Seyedamin, Abdelali El Aroudi, and Luis Martínez-Salamero. "Review of Solid-State Transformer Applications on Electric Vehicle DC Ultra-Fast Charging Station." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 5602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155602.

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The emergence of DC fast chargers for electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) has prompted the design of ad-hoc microgrids (MGs), in which the use of a solid-state transformer (SST) instead of a low-frequency service transformer can increase the efficiency and reduce the volume and weight of the MG electrical architecture. Mimicking a conventional gasoline station in terms of service duration and service simultaneity to several customers has led to the notion of ultra-fast chargers, in which the charging time is less than 10 min and the MG power is higher than 350 kW. This survey reviews the state-of-the-art of DC ultra-fast charging stations, SST transformers, and DC ultra-fast charging stations based on SST. Ultra-fast charging definition and its requirements are analyzed, and SST characteristics and applications together with the configuration of power electronic converters in SST-based ultra-fast charging stations are described. A new classification of topologies for DC SST-based ultra-fast charging stations is proposed considering input power, delta/wye connections, number of output ports, and power electronic converters. More than 250 published papers from the recent literature have been reviewed to identify the common understandings, practical implementation challenges, and research opportunities in the application of DC ultra-fast charging in EVs. In particular, the works published over the last three years about SST-based DC ultra-fast charging have been reviewed.

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Town, Graham, Seyedfoad Taghizadeh, and Sara Deilami. "Review of Fast Charging for Electrified Transport: Demand, Technology, Systems, and Planning." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041276.

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As the number and range of electric vehicles in use increases, and the size of batteries in those vehicles increases, the demand for fast and ultra-fast charging infrastructure is also expected to increase. The growth in the fast charging infrastructure raises a number of challenges to be addressed; primarily, high peak loads and their impacts on the electricity network. This paper reviews fast and ultra-fast charging technology and systems from a number of perspectives, including the following: current and expected trends in fast charging demand; the particular temporal and spatial characteristics of electricity demand associated with fast charging; the devices and circuit technologies commonly used in fast chargers; the potential system impacts of fast charging on the electricity distribution network and methods for managing those impacts; methods for long-term planning of fast charging facilities; finally, expected future developments in fast charging technology and systems.

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Leone, Carola, and Michela Longo. "Modular Approach to Ultra-fast Charging Stations." Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology 16, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): 1971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42835-021-00757-x.

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AbstractRoad transport electrification is essential for meeting the European Union's goals of decarbonization and climate change. In this context, an Ultra-Fast Charging (UFC) system is deemed necessary to facilitate the massive penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) on the market; particularly as medium-long distance travels are concerned. Anyway, an ultra-fast charging infrastructure represents the most critical point as regards hardware technology, grid-related issues, and financial sustainability. Thus far, this paper presents an impact analysis of a fast-charging station on the grid in terms of power consumption, obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation results show that it is not economical convenient size the assumed ultra-fast charging station for the maximum possible power also considering its high impact on the grid. In view of the results obtained from the impact analysis, the last part of the paper focuses on finding a method to reduce the power installed for the DC/DC stage while keeping the possibility for the electric vehicle to charge at their maximum power. To achieve this goal a modular approach is proposed. Finally, two different modular architectures are presented and compared. In both the solutions, the probability of having EVs charging at limited power is less than 5%.

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Leone, Carola, Michela Longo, and Luis M. Fernández-Ramírez. "Optimal Size of a Smart Ultra-Fast Charging Station." Electronics 10, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 2887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232887.

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An ever-increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) on the roads inevitably leads to an ever-stringent need for an adequate charging infrastructure. The emerging ultra-fast charging (UFC) technology has the potential to provide a refueling experience similar to that of gasoline vehicles; hence, it has a key role in enabling the adoption of EVs for medium-long distance travels. From the perspective of the UFC station, the differences existing in the EVs currently on the market make the sizing problem more challenging. A suitably conceived charging strategy can help to address these concerns. In this paper, we present a smart charging station concept that, through a modular DC/DC stage design, allows the split of the output power among the different charging ports. We model the issue of finding the optimal charging station as a single-objective optimization problem, where the goal is to find the number of modular shared DC/DC converters, and where the power rate of each module ensures the minimum charging time and charging cost. Simulation results show that the proposed solution could significantly reduce the required installed power. In particular, they prove that with an installed power of 800 kW it is possible to satisfy the needs of a UFC station composed of 10 charging spots.

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Deb, Naireeta, Rajendra Singh, Richard R. Brooks, and Kevin Bai. "A Review of Extremely Fast Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 7566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227566.

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The expansion of electric vehicles made the expansion of charging infrastructure rudimentary to keep up with this developing technology that helps people in a myriad of ways. The main drawback in electric vehicle charging, however, is the time consumed to charge a vehicle. The fast charging of electric vehicles solves this problem thus making it a lucrative technology for consumers. However, the fast charging technology is not without its limitations. In this paper we have identified the technology gaps in EV fast charging stations mostly focused on the extremely fast charging topology. It will help pave a path for researchers to direct their effort in a consolidated manner to contribute to the fast charging infrastructure. A thorough review of all aspects and limitations of existing extremely fast charging (XFC) stations have been identified and supporting data are provided. The importance of DC power network based on free fuel energy sources and silicon carbide-based power electronics are proposed to provide ultra-low cost and ultra-high speed XFC stations.

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Ortenzi, Fernando, Manlio Pasquali, Pier Paolo Prosini, Alessandro Lidozzi, and Marco Di Benedetto. "Design and Validation of Ultra-Fast Charging Infrastructures Based on Supercapacitors for Urban Public Transportation Applications." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122348.

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The last few decades have seen a significant increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) for private and public transportation around the world. This has resulted in high power demands on the electrical grid, especially when fast and ultra-fast or flash (at the bus-stop) charging are required. Consequently, a ground storage should be used in order to mitigate the peak power request period. This paper deals with an innovative and simple fast charging infrastructure based on supercapacitors, used to charge the energy storage system on board electric buses. According to the charging level of the electric bus, the proposed fast charging system is able to provide the maximum power of 180 kW without exceeding 30 s and without using DC–DC converters. In order to limit the maximum charging current, the electric bus is charged in three steps through three different connectors placed between the supercapacitors on board the bus and the fast charging system. The fast charging system has been carefully designed, taking into account several system parameters, such as charging time, maximum current, and voltage. Experimental tests have been performed on a fast charging station prototype to validate the theoretical analysis and functionality of the proposed architecture.

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di Noia, Luigi Pio, Fabio Mottola, Daniela Proto, and Renato Rizzo. "Real Time Scheduling of a Microgrid Equipped with Ultra-Fast Charging Stations." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 23, 2022): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030816.

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Ultra-fast charging infrastructures are gaining increasing interest thanks to their ability to reduce the charging-time of plug-in electric vehicles to values comparable to those of the refueling of traditional vehicles in gas stations. This is a consequence of the increasing rated power of both on-board batteries and charging equipment. On the other hand, the increased values of charging power have led to an increased impact on the power distribution networks, particularly in terms of line currents and bus voltages. In presence of large penetration of ultra-fast charging devices, in fact, both currents and voltages are affected by larger variations whose values can exceed the admissible limits imposed by the technical constraints and by the levels of quality of service. In order to reduce the impact of this typology of vehicles’ charging on the electrical infrastructure, in this paper a methodology is presented which allows managing a microgrid in presence of ultra-fast charging stations by satisfying the constraints of the grid, while preserving the expected short charging-time for electric vehicles. To this end, a proper optimal strategy is proposed which coordinates the demands of electric vehicles and of the other loads of the microgrid with the power provided by the renewable energy generation resources. The proposed approach aims to optimally control the active and reactive power of charging stations and renewable generation units and to minimize the charging time of a fleet of plug-in electric vehicles while satisfying the constraints on the technical aspects and on the quality of service. The proposed approach has been tested on a test system and the results, proposed in the last part of the paper, demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.

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Li, Yong Wei, Chao Chao Huo, and Zhi Gang Ye. "The Method of the Lead Battery Ultra-Fast Charging Based on Energy Library." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2688–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2688.

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According to the difficulties in charging large current problems for lead battery, a charging method based on the energy library was proposed in this paper. The energy library was composed by ultracapacitors as charging power supply.This method can greatly shorten the charging time, improve the efficiency of charge.

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Szumska, Emilia M. "Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure along Highways in the EU." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 12, 2023): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020895.

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One aspect of the competitiveness of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles is the ability to recharge batteries quickly. Ideally, this process would take no longer than it takes to refuel vehicles powered by conventional fuels. The term fast charging is generally used to refer to alternating current (AC) charging of more than 22 kW and direct current (DC) charging often referred to as fast or ultra-fast charging at high power. Currently, fast charging points are located within the public charging infrastructure, mainly along highways. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the availability of existing charging infrastructure equipped with fast charging points for electric vehicles in European Union countries. In addition, the paper discusses EU policy in terms of zero-emission vehicles and technical issues related to charging infrastructure. Based on a review of the current state of charging infrastructure and plans for its development in light of the EU Green Deal for Europe regulations, it can be concluded that in many regions the fast charging infrastructure for electric cars is still insufficiently developed. Due to the great economic diversity of EU countries, the development of charging infrastructure proceeds at different paces. For this reason, it is important to ensure that fast charging points are located primarily along the TEN-T network and highways.

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Dhanavade, Monali. "Fast Battery Charger For Electric Vehicle With Solar Energy." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 3024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45696.

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Abstract: The paper goes through the fundamentals of fast EV battery charging equipment as well as difficulties related to charging installations for road electric vehicles. The findings of the study are based on the prospect of EV charging stations being unified in smart networks, which connect the main grid with distributed power plants, renewable energy sources, stationary electrical storage devices, and electric loads. The study will look at the characteristics of several types of DC storage devices that will be used in stationary and on-board applications. A user-selectable charging current rate is illustrated in its simplest form. The ultra-fast DC ev battery charging architecture was also given special examination, as it appears to be a viable solution to the problem.

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Mandrile, Fabio, Davide Cittanti, Vincenzo Mallemaci, and Radu Bojoi. "Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Chargers: A Boost for Power System Stability?" World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010016.

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As a consequence of the exponential growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market, DC fast-charging infrastructure is being rapidly deployed all around the world. Ultra-fast charging (UFC) stations are starting to pose serious challenges to the electric power system operation, mostly due to their high peak power demand and unregulated discontinuous operation. To address these issues, local energy storage can be installed, ensuring a smoother grid power absorption profile and allowing to provide grid-supporting features. In this work, a control solution for the grid-side AC/DC converter of next-generation EV UFC stations is proposed. A virtual synchronous compensator (VSC) control algorithm is implemented, in order to lessen the impact of the charging station on the utility and to provide the full spectrum of grid ancillary services (i.e., frequency regulation, reactive power compensation, harmonic reduction, short circuit current generation, etc.). The proposed control strategy is verified experimentally on a downscaled 15 kVA three-phase inverter, emulating the grid front-end of the charging station.

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Guo, Qing, Wenzheng Xu, Tang Liu, Hongyou Li, Zheng Li, and Jian Peng. "Towards Low-Cost Yet High-Performance Sensor Networks by Deploying a Few Ultra-fast Charging Battery Powered Sensors." Sensors 18, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092771.

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The employment of mobile vehicles to charge sensors via wireless energy transfer is a promising technology to maintain the perpetual operation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Most existing studies assumed that sensors are powered with off-the-shelf batteries, e.g., Lithium batteries, which are cheap, but it takes some non-trivial time to fully charge such a battery (e.g., 30–80 min). The long charging time may incur long sensor dead durations, especially when there are many lifetime-critical sensors to be charged. On the other hand, other studies assumed that every sensor is powered with an ultra-fast charging battery, where it only takes some trivial time to replenish such a battery, e.g., 1 min, but the adoption of many ultra-fast sensors will bring about high purchasing cost. In this paper, we propose a novel heterogeneous sensor network model, in which there are only a few ultra-fast sensors and many low-cost off-the-shelf sensors. The deployment cost of the network in the model is low, as the number of ultra-fast sensors is limited. We also have an important observation that we can significantly shorten sensor dead durations by enabling the ultra-fast sensors to relay more data for lifetime-critical off-the-shelf sensors. We then propose a joint charging scheduling and routing allocation algorithm, such that the longest sensor dead duration is minimized. We finally evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm through extensive simulation experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is very promising and the longest sensor dead duration by it is only about 10% of those by existing algorithms.

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Konara, Konara Mudiyanselage Sandun Y., Mohan Lal Kolhe, Nils Ulltveit-Moe, and Indika A. M. Balapuwaduge. "Optimal Utilization of Charging Resources of Fast Charging Station with Opportunistic Electric Vehicle Users." Batteries 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2023): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020140.

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The key challenge with the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) is to optimally manage the available energy charging resources at EV fast-charging stations (FCSs). Furthermore, the rapid deployment of fast-charging stations provides a viable solution to the potential driving range anxiety and charging autonomy. Costly grid reinforcements due to extra load caused by fast charging can be omitted using a dedicated energy storage and/or renewable energy system at the FCS. The energy supply and fixed number of EV supply equipment (EVSE) are considered as the limited charging resources of FCS. Amidst various uncertainties associated with the EV charging process, how to optimally utilize limited charging resources with opportunistic ultra-fast charging EV users (UEVs) is studied in this work. This work proposes resource allocation and charging coordination strategies that facilitate UEVs to dynamically exploit these limited charging resources with defined liabilities when pre-scheduled users (SEVs) do not occupy them to utilize limited charging resources maximally. Moreover, the proposed dynamic charging coordination strategies are analyzed with a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The presented numerical results reveal that the major drawbacks of under-utilization of limited charging resources by SEVs can be significantly improved through dynamic charging resource allocation and coordination along with UEVs. With the proposed charging coordination strategies in this study, the maximum charging resource utilization of considered FCS with 10 EVSE has been improved to 90%, which bounds to 78% only with SEVs.

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Zhang, Yunjing, Xiaolin Liu, Liang Wu, Wenda Dong, Fanjie Xia, Liangdan Chen, Na Zhou, et al. "A flexible, hierarchically porous PANI/MnO2 network with fast channels and an extraordinary chemical process for stable fast-charging lithium–sulfur batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 5 (2020): 2741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta12135h.

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A three-dimensional hierarchically porous network formed by ultra-thin flexible polyaniline decorated manganese dioxide nanoparticles (PANI–MnO₂) demonstrates fast-charging performance for lithium–sulfur batteries.

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Grant, Alex. "Continental Champion." Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technology International 2019, no. 1 (July 2019): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1467-5560(22)60025-3.

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Attaianese, Ciro, Antonio Di Pasquale, Pasquale Franzese, Diego Iannuzzi, Mario Pagano, and Mattia Ribera. "A model-based EVs charging scheduling for a multi-slot Ultra-Fast Charging Station." Electric Power Systems Research 216 (March 2023): 109009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.109009.

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Bailey, Paul. "Rapid Progress." Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technology International 2020, no. 2 (November 2020): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1467-5560(23)60085-5.

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Nawa Technologies has developed a breakthrough for electric vehicle battery performance with an ultra-fast electrode design that promises game-changing energy density, power, lifecycles and charging times

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Benedetto, Marco di, Fernando Ortenzi, Alessandro Lidozzi, and Luca Solero. "Design and Implementation of Reduced Grid Impact Charging Station for Public Transportation Applications." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 1 (February 14, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010028.

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This paper deals with the complete design procedure, implementation and control software realization for a multi-converter charging station with reduced grid impact due to local electromechanical energy storage. In particular, energy storage is accomplished by a dedicated flywheel designed and built for this purpose. The proposed charging station was designed for ultra-fast charging procedures presenting a strongly reduced impact on the electrical grid. Modes of operations are described with reference to pure electric buses in public transportation applications.

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Amin, Kamran, Jianqi Zhang, Hang-Yu Zhou, Ruichiao Lu, Miao Zhang, Nawal Ashraf, Cheng YueLi, Lijuan Mao, Charl F. J. Faul, and Zhixiang Wei. "Surface controlled pseudo-capacitive reactions enabling ultra-fast charging and long-life organic lithium ion batteries." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 8 (2020): 4179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0se00610f.

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To develop ultra-fast charging and long-life lithium ion batteries, a surface-controlled pseudo-capacitive reaction mechanism for organic lithium ion batteries is developed based on a coaxial nanocomposite of an active anthraquinone-based covalent organic framework and CNTs.

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Al-Saadi, Mohammed, Sharmistha Bhattacharyya, Pierre Van Tichelen, Manuel Mathes, Johannes Käsgen, Joeri Van Mierlo, and Maitane Berecibar. "Impact on the Power Grid Caused via Ultra-Fast Charging Technologies of the Electric Buses Fleet." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041424.

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Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) are considerably integrated into cities worldwide. These buses have a strict schedule; thus, they could be charged in a very short time with a power level up to 600 kW. The high-power systems and short charging times imply special grid operation conditions that should be taken into account. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of their charging infrastructure on the distribution system operation, especially near the charging point. This work presents two Use Cases (UCs) from two demos (Germany and the Netherlands) to investigate the impact of the slow and fast-chargers’ integrations on the power grid and environment. Fast-chargers up to 350 kW based on pantograph technology and slow-chargers up to 50 kW based on Combined Charging System Type 2 (CCS2) are used on the BEB line route and in the depot, respectively. The charging of BEBs with these solutions is studied here to investigate their impact on the grid in terms of power quality. It was found that the voltage variations due to fast-chargers terminal remain much below the EN50160 standard limit values i.e., ±10%. The obtained maximum Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion (THDv) value is 2.7%, with an average value of 1.3%, which is below the limit value of 8%, as per the standard EN 50160. Similarly, the individual harmonic currents were measured. The maximum value of total harmonic current distortion (THDI) is around 25%, with an average value of 3% only. As the average value of THDI is quite low, the harmonic current pollution is not a big concern for the installation at this time.

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ElMenshawy, Mena, and Ahmed Massoud. "Modular Isolated DC-DC Converters for Ultra-Fast EV Chargers: A Generalized Modeling and Control Approach." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 17, 2020): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102540.

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Electric Vehicles (EVs) play a significant role in the reduction of CO2 emissions and other health-threatening air pollutants Accordingly, several research studies are introduced owing to replacing conventional gasoline-powered vehicles with battery-powered EVs. However, the ultra-fast charging (UFC) of the battery pack or the rapid recharging of the battery requires specific demands, including both: the EV battery and the influence on the power grid. In this regard, advanced power electronics technologies are emerging significantly to replace the currently existing gas station infrastructures with the EV charging stations to move from conventional charging (range of hours) to UFC (range of minutes). Among these power electronics conversion systems, the DC-DC conversion stage plays an essential role in supplying energy to the EV via charging the EV’s battery. Accordingly, this paper aims to present possible architectures of connecting multiple Dual Active Bridge (DAB) units as the DC-DC stage of the EV fast charger and study their Small-Signal Modeling (SSM) and their control scheme. These are, namely, Input-Series Output-Series (ISOS), Input-Series Output-Parallel (ISOP), Input-Parallel Output-Parallel (IPOP), and Input-Parallel Output-Series (IPOS). The control scheme for each system is studied through controlling the output filter inductor current such that the current profile is based on Reflex Charging (RC). The main contribution of this paper can be highlighted in providing generalized SSM as well as providing a generalized control approach for the Input-Series Input-Parallel Output-Series Output-Parallel (ISIP-OSOP) connection. The generalized model is verified with three different architectures. The control strategy for each architecture is studied to ensure equal power sharing, where simulation results are provided to elucidate the presented concept considering a three-module ISOS, IPOP, ISOP, and IPOS DC-DC converters.

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Leone, Carola, Carlo Peretti, Andrea Paris, and Michela Longo. "Photovoltaic and battery systems sizing optimization for ultra-fast charging station integration." Journal of Energy Storage 52 (August 2022): 104995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.104995.

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Baird, Michael, Junhua Song, Ran Tao, and Brett Helms. "Liquid Electrolytes Enabling Ultra-High Fast-Charge in Lithium Metal Batteries with NMC-811 Cathodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012228mtgabs.

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Batteries capable of fast charging rely on electrolytes that maximize ion mobility to allow redox reactions to proceed at the same rate electrons are transported between electrodes. Here I will describe our recent efforts in liquid electrolyte development to enable 80% change in state-of-charge in 15, 10, and 5 minutes in lithium metal batteries without irreversible damage to the cell. The effects of concentration, viscosity, ionic conductivity, and solvation effects on cycle life are investigated, revealing that electrolytes with the highest Li+ mobility minimize the fast-charge overpotential and enable the full capacity of the cell to cycle reversibly. We further show through detailed synchrotron hard X-ray microtomography and complementary scanning electron microscopy that such electrolytes also suppress ramified Li growth. We also perform detailed electroanalytical studies to quantify the remarkably slow rates of lithium consumption and point to dead lithium formation as a primary challenge for (ultra)-fast-charging lithium metal batteries.

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Zhao, Zaowen, Bao Zhang, Lei Cheng, Zihang Liu, Jingtian Zou, Jiafeng Zhang, and Bin Huang. "Enabling ultra-fast charging for Ni-rich LiNi0.88Co0.09Mn0.03O2 cathode by bulk W-doping." Materials Letters 308 (February 2022): 131043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2021.131043.

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Bulgakova, N. M., R. Stoian, A. Rosenfeld, E. E. B. Campbell, and I. V. Hertel. "Model description of surface charging during ultra-fast pulsed laser ablation of materials." Applied Physics A 79, no. 4-6 (September 2004): 1153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-004-2692-0.

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Kim, Do-Kyung, Rubha Ponraj, and Jong Hyuk Yun. "Stabilized 3-D Foam for Ultra-Stable and Fast-Charging Lithium Metal Anode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-02, no. 2 (November 23, 2020): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-022483mtgabs.

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Ahmad, Afaq, Muhammad Khalid, Zahid Ullah, Naveed Ahmad, Mohammad Aljaidi, Faheem Ahmed Malik, and Umar Manzoor. "Electric Vehicle Charging Modes, Technologies and Applications of Smart Charging." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 9471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249471.

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The rise of the intelligent, local charging facilitation and environmentally friendly aspects of electric vehicles (EVs) has grabbed the attention of many end-users. However, there are still numerous challenges faced by researchers trying to put EVs into competition with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The major challenge in EVs is quick recharging and the selection of an optimal charging station. In this paper, we present the most recent research on EV charging management systems and their role in smart cities. EV charging can be done either in parking mode or on-the-move mode. This review work is novel due to many factors, such as that it focuses on discussing centralized and distributed charging management techniques supported by a communication framework for the selection of an appropriate charging station (CS). Similarly, the selection of CS is evaluated on the basis of battery charging as well as battery swapping services. This review also covered plug-in charging technologies including residential, public and ultra-fast charging technologies and also discusses the major components and architecture of EVs involved in charging. In a comprehensive and detailed manner, the applications and challenges in different charging modes, CS selection, and future work have been discussed. This is the first attempt of its kind, we did not find a survey on the charging hierarchy of EVs, their architecture, or their applications in smart cities.

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Cui, Xiaoyue, Zhiyuan Tang, Xiaokai Ma, and Ji Yan. "Ultrafast Microwave Synthesis of Carbon-Coated Lithium Vanadium Phosphate Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 1500–1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19082.

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Carbon-coated lithium vanadium phosphate cathode materials were successfully prepared via an ultra-fast microwave irradiation route in 5 min with using activated carbon as the microwave adsorbent. We aimed to utilize this ultra-fast and facile route to shorten the synthesis procedure for obtaining Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material with superior rate capability. To characterize the intrinsic crystal structure and exterior architecture morphology of targeted material, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied in experiment. The role of microwave irradiation treatment time in affecting the crystalline structure and related lithium-storage electrochemical performance is also investigated in detail. For the optimal Li3V2(PO4)3/C material, it delivered a specific discharge capacity of 110.1 mAh g−1 at a 0.2 C charging/discharging rate while hold a superior cycling stability over 50 cycles when tested at a 1 C rate. The ultra-fast synthesis route should pave a new way to save the energy in the preparation of phosphate-based electroactive cathode material.

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Leone, Carola, Michela Longo, Luis M. Fernandez-Ramirez, and Pablo Garcia-Trivino. "Multi-Objective Optimization of PV and Energy Storage Systems for Ultra-Fast Charging Stations." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 14208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3147672.

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Meyer, Danielle, and Jiankang Wang. "Integrating ultra‐fast charging stations within the power grids of smart cities: a review." IET Smart Grid 1, no. 1 (April 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-stg.2018.0006.

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32

Pan, Junqing, Yanbin Qiu, Yanzhi Sun, and Zihao Wang. "A study on AgCuO2 as ultra fast charging cathode material for alkaline secondary battery." Journal of Power Sources 203 (April 2012): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.11.034.

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Liu, Li, Taeseup Song, Hyungkyu Han, Hyunjung Park, Juan Xiang, Zhiming Liu, Yi Feng, and Ungyu Paik. "Electrospun Sn-doped LiTi2(PO4)3/C nanofibers for ultra-fast charging and discharging." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 19 (2015): 10395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta00843c.

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Chudy, Aleksander. "Ultra–fast charging of electric bus fleet and its impact on power quality parameters." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2023.01.60.

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Rubino, Luigi, Guido Rubino, and Raffaele Esempio. "Linear Programming-Based Power Management for a Multi-Feeder Ultra-Fast DC Charging Station." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 22, 2023): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031213.

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The growing number of electric vehicles (EVs) affects the national electricity system in terms of power demand and load variation. Turning our attention to Italy, the number of vehicles on the road is 39 million; this represents a major challenge, as they will need to be recharged constantly when the transition to electric technology is complete. If we consider that the average power is 55 GW and the installed system can produce 120 GW of peak power, we can calculate that with only 5% of vehicles in recharging mode, the power demand increases to 126 GW, which is approximately 140% of installed power. The integration of renewable energy sources will help the grid, but this solution is less useful for handling large load variations that negatively affect the grid. In addition, some vehicles committed to public utility must have a reduced stop time and can be considered to have higher priority. The introduction of priorities implies that the power absorption limit cannot be easily introduced by limiting the number of charging vehicles, but rather by computing the power flow that respects constraints and integrates renewable and local storage power contributions. The problem formulated in this manner does not have a unique solution; in this study, the linear programming method is used to optimise renewable resources, local storage, and EVs to mitigate their effects on the grid. Simulations are performed to verify the proposed method.

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Röckle, Felix, and Thimo Schulz. "Leveraging User Preferences to Develop Profitable Business Models for Electric Vehicle Charging." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12020060.

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To design profitable business models for electric vehicle (EV) charging it is necessary to understand user preferences. For this purpose, prior literature is analyzed to develop a conceptual framework linking a company’s assets, the surrounding value network, and user preferences. Then, survey insights from two EV charging projects (ultra-E, SLAM) are summarized to illustrate user preferences in this area. Based on this data, the framework is eventually visualized by applying it to four case studies from the EV charging market. Based on the case studies, the following six key findings are derived: 1. Companies that have a very strong position in one of the three resource classes that define the quality-of-service provision (physical assets, digital assets, brand image) demand a higher price for fast charging. 2. Utility companies leverage their existing customer base. 3. New to the industry firms leverage their brand image to enter the market. 4. Selling below cost is not sustainable. 5. Sharp price distinctions reflect the power balance within the value network. 6. Power plays may result in a fragmented market.

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Feng, Qiaoxia, Huanxin Li, Zhong Tan, Zhongyuan Huang, Lanlan Jiang, Haihui Zhou, Hongyu Pan, Qiang Zhou, Shuai Ma, and Yafei Kuang. "Design and preparation of three-dimensional MnO/N-doped carbon nanocomposites based on waste biomass for high storage and ultra-fast transfer of lithium ions." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 40 (2018): 19479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta07096b.

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Rocha, Samuel Pereira da, Sidelmo Magalhães da Silva, and Petr Iakovlevitch Ekel. "Fuzzy set-based approach for grid integration and operation of ultra-fast charging electric buses." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 138 (June 2022): 107919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107919.

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Poursafar, Noushin, Seyedfoad Taghizadeh, M. J. Hossain, and Frede Blaabjerg. "An enhanced control strategy for an ultra-fast EV charging station in a DC microgrid." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 146 (March 2023): 108727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108727.

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Cittanti, Davide, Fabio Mandrile, Matteo Gregorio, and Radu Bojoi. "Design Space Optimization of a Three-Phase LCL Filter for Electric Vehicle Ultra-Fast Battery Charging." Energies 14, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051303.

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State-of-the-art ultra-fast battery chargers for electric vehicles simultaneously require high efficiency and high power density, leading to a challenging power converter design. In particular, the grid-side filter, which ensures sinusoidal current absorption with low pulse-width modulation (PWM) harmonic content, can be a major contributor to the overall converter size and losses. Therefore, this paper proposes a complete analysis, design and optimization procedure of a three-phase LCL filter for a modular DC fast charger. First, an overview of the basic LCL filter modeling is provided and the most significant system transfer functions are identified. Then, the optimal ratio between grid-side and converter-side inductance is discussed, aiming for the maximum filtering performance. A novel design methodology, based on a graphical representation of the filter design space, is thus proposed. Specifically, several constraints on the LCL filtering elements are enforced, such that all feasible design parameter combinations are identified. Therefore, since in low-voltage high-power applications the inductive components typically dominate the overall filter volume, loss and cost, the viable LCL filter design that minimizes the total required inductance is selected. The proposed design procedure is applied to a 30 kW, 20 kHz 3-level unidirectional rectifier, employed in a modular DC fast charger. The performance of the selected optimal design, featuring equal grid-side and converter-side 175 μμH inductors and 15 μμF capacitors, is verified experimentally on an active front-end prototype, both in terms of harmonic attenuation capability and current control dynamics. A current total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1.2% is achieved at full load and all generated current harmonics comply with the applicable harmonic standard. Moreover, separate tests are performed with different values of grid inner impedance, verifying the converter control stability in various operating conditions and supporting the general validity of the proposed design methodology.

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Tian, Yang, Jianguo Lu, Haichao Tang, Xin Wang, Liqiang Zhang, Ping Hu, Liang Zhou, et al. "An ultra-stable anode material for high/low-temperature workable super-fast charging sodium-ion batteries." Chemical Engineering Journal 422 (October 2021): 130054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130054.

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42

Ali, Naghmash, Zhizhen Liu, Yanjin Hou, Hammad Armghan, Xiaozhao Wei, and Ammar Armghan. "LCC-S Based Discrete Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for Efficient Charging through Wireless Power Transfer." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061370.

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Compared to the plug-in charging system, Wireless power transfer (WPT) is simpler, reliable, and user-friendly. Resonant inductive coupling based WPT is the technology that promises to replace the plug-in charging system. It is desired that the WPT system should provide regulated current and power with high efficiency. Due to the instability in the connected load, the system output current, power, and efficiency vary. To solve this issue, a buck converter is implemented on the secondary side of the WPT system, which adjusts its internal resistance by altering its duty cycle. To control the duty cycle of the buck converter, a discrete fast terminal sliding mode controller is proposed to regulate the system output current and power with optimal efficiency. The proposed WPT system uses the LCC-S compensation topology to ensure a constant output voltage at the input of the buck converter. The LCC-S topology is analyzed using the two-port network theory, and governing equations are derived to achieve the maximum efficiency point. Based on the analysis, the proposed controller is used to track the maximum efficiency point by tracking an optimal power point. An ultra-capacitor is connected as the system load, and based on its charging characteristics, an optimal charging strategy is devised. The performance of the proposed system is tested under the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Comparison with the conventionally used PID and sliding mode controller under sudden variations in the connected load is presented and discussed. An experimental prototype is built to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

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Salavati, Mohammad, Naif Alajlan, and Timon Rabczuk. "Theoretical Prediction of P-Triphenylene-Graphdiyne as an Excellent Anode Material for Li, Na, K, Mg, and Ca Batteries." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052308.

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The efficient performance of metal-ion batteries strongly depends on electrode materials characteristics. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are among promising electrode materials for metal-ion battery cells, owing to their excellent structural and electronic properties. Two-dimensional graphdiyne has been recently fabricated and revealed unique storage capacities and fast charging rates. The current study explores the performance of the novel phosphorated-triphenylene graphdiyne (P-TpG) monolayer as an anode material for Li-, Na-, K-, Mg-, and Ca-ions storage via extensive density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Our results reveal that the stable structure of P-TpG monolayers delivers ultra-high storage capacities of ~2148, ~1696, ~1017, and ~2035 mA·h·g−1 for Li-, Na-, K-, and Ca- ions, respectively. Notably, the metallic electronic behavior is illustrated by adsorbing metal-ions on the P-TpG nanosheets, suggesting a good electronic conductivity. The NEB results demonstrate that P-TpG can serve as an outstanding candidate for the optimal charging/discharging process. This theoretical study suggests P-TpG nanosheets as a highly promising candidate for the design of advanced metal-ion batteries with remarkable charge capacities and optimal charging/discharging rates.

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Shobha, R., S. Suntrakanesh, and N. Narmadhai. "DC-DC Converter Implementing Soft Switching Technique for AC Power Applications." March 2022 4, no. 1 (May 25, 2022): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jitdw.2022.1.005.

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Global warming alerts the world to switch over to using Electric Vehicle (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). The Bidirectional DC-DC Converter (BDC) plays a significant role in controlling the energy flow for the Battery Ultra-capacitor Energy Storage System (BUESS) which is used for storing energy in EV or HEV. The bidirectional DC-DC converter (BDC) plays a vital role in controlling the energy flow for BUESS. The bidirectional DC-DC converter performs the step-up and step-down operation at zero voltage switching, as it operates in buck and boost modes. Due to the uncertain nature of renewable energy resources they pose to be not suitable for standalone applications as the only source of power. This problem can be overcome with the aid of batteries and supercapacitors for storing energy. Fast charging is done by a supercapacitor and slow discharging by a battery. A hysteresis control loop achieves the design of charging and discharging status. A BDC in addition to an inverter can be opted and is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, and is used in AC power applications.

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Joraleechanchai, Nattanon, Salatan Duangdangchote, and Montree Sawangphruk. "Machine Learning and Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Electrolytes for Ultra-fast Charging Li-ion Batteries." ECS Transactions 97, no. 7 (July 11, 2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/09707.0045ecst.

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46

Sun, Yin, Erik De Jong, Vladimir Cuk, and J. F. G. Cobben. "Ultra fast charging station harmonic resonance analysis in the Dutch MV grid: application of power converter harmonic model." CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal 2017, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/oap-cired.2017.1074.

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47

Ma, Yanzhao, Yinghui Zou, Shengbing Zhang, and Xiaoya Fan. "A 50 mV Fully-Integrated Self-Startup Circuit for Thermal Energy Harvesting." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 12 (August 2017): 1750196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617501961.

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A fully-integrated self-startup circuit with ultra-low voltage for thermal energy harvesting is presented in this paper. The converter is composed of an enhanced swing LC oscillator and a charge pump with decreased equivalent input capacitance. The LC oscillator has ultra-low input voltage and high output voltage swing, and the charge pump has a fast charging speed and small equivalent input capacitance. This circuit is designed with 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m standard CMOS process. The simulation results show that the output voltage is in the range of 0.14[Formula: see text]V and 2.97[Formula: see text]V when the input voltage is changed from 50[Formula: see text]mV to 150[Formula: see text]mV. The output voltage could reach 2.87[Formula: see text]V at the input voltage of 150[Formula: see text]mV and the load of 1[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]. The maximum efficiency is in the range of 10.0% and 14.8% when the input voltage is changed from 0.2[Formula: see text]V to 0.4[Formula: see text]V. The circuit is suitable for thermoelectric energy harvesting to start with ultra-low input voltage.

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Tursunov, Arman, and Naresh Dadhich. "Fifty Years of Energy Extraction from Rotating Black Hole: Revisiting Magnetic Penrose Process." Universe 5, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5050125.

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Magnetic Penrose process (MPP) is not only the most exciting and fascinating process mining the rotational energy of black hole but it is also the favored astrophysically viable mechanism for high energy sources and phenomena. It operates in three regimes of efficiency, namely low, moderate and ultra, depending on the magnetization and charging of spinning black holes in astrophysical setting. In this paper, we revisit MPP with a comprehensive discussion of its physics in different regimes, and compare its operation with other competing mechanisms. We show that MPP could in principle foot the bill for powering engine of such phenomena as ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, relativistic jets, fast radio bursts, quasars, AGNs, etc. Further, it also leads to a number of important observable predictions. All this beautifully bears out the promise of a new vista of energy powerhouse heralded by Roger Penrose half a century ago through this process, and it has today risen in its magnetically empowered version of mid 1980s from a purely thought experiment of academic interest to a realistic powering mechanism for various high-energy astrophysical phenomena.

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Kalaiarasu, Srinivasan, and Sudhakar Natarajan. "A comparison statement on DCPWM based conducted EMI noise mitigation process in DC-DC converters for EV." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 704–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i2.4315.

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Fast switching techniques at high frequencies are employed for quick charging and energy conversion in electric vehicle (EV) power converters. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise is produced due to the fast-switching process, which may result in malfunctioning and degraded EV performance. In this work, a digital chaotic pulse width modulation (DCPWM) technique-based EMI noise mitigation process has been applied to elementary positive output super lift Luo (EPOSLL), two-stage cascaded boost (TSCB), and ultra-lift Luo (ULL) converters, and a comparison study has been conducted with EMI reduction levels as per electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. The duty cycle is varied from 0.5 to 0.67 to get the desired output voltage as an input of 10V to achieve the power ratings of 40 W to 80 W for various load conditions. A total of 4 dBV (3 V) to 15 dBV (10 V) of conducted EMI noise has been mitigated for the above-said converters. Simulation results based on power spectrum density and hardware results based on fast fourier transform (FFT) of output voltages are analyzed. According to the findings, the ULL converter is more acceptable for electromagnetic compatibility in EV applications than EPOSLL and TSCB DC-DC converters.

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Gocmen, Sinan, and Erdal Cetkin. "Emergence of elevated battery positioning in air cooled battery packs for temperature uniformity in ultra-fast dis/charging applications." Journal of Energy Storage 45 (January 2022): 103516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103516.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultra-fast charging'

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