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Journal articles on the topic 'Ulmus minor'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Martín-Benito, Dario, Maria Concepción García-Vallejo, Juan Alberto Pajares, and David López. "Triterpenes in elms in Spain." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-158.

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Diethyl ether-petroleum ether extracts were prepared from 49 samples of bark from four elm species (Ulmus glabra Hudson, Ulmus laevis Pall, Ulmus minor Miller, and Ulmus pumila L.) and hybrids from crosses between three of these species. Chemical analyses were performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Ten triterpenes and three sterols were identified. These compounds are discussed in terms of chemotaxonomy of the genus and identification of hybrids, and in relation to the differential attractivity for elm bark beetle feeding. Separation of the four pure species was successfully achieved by the use of the multivariate discriminant analysis. Ulmus minor × U. pumila hybrids were clearly segregated from their parental species, while U. minor × U. glabra trees were misclassified as U. minor by a multivariate discriminant analysis. Three compounds are described for the first time in the family Ulmaceae and two more in the genus Ulmus. Some of the triterpenes and sterols isolated only in U. glabra and U. laevis may be responsible for the deterrence of bark beetles to feed on these least preferred species.

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2

LÓPEZ-ALMANSA, JUAN CARLOS, EDWARD C. YEUNG, and LUIS GIL. "Abortive seed development in Ulmus minor (Ulmaceae)." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145, no. 4 (August 2004): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00297.x.

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3

Mehle, N., M. Dermastia, R. Brus, and D. Jurc. "First Report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’ in Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra in Slovenia." Plant Disease 101, no. 10 (October 2017): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-17-0227-pdn.

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4

Borowiak-Sobkowiak, Beata, Roma Durak, Katarzyna Kmieć, and Urszula Walczak. "Population Development of Alien Gall-Forming Aphid Tetraneura nigriabdominalis on Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra." Forests 13, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13071069.

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Tetraneura (Tetraneurella) nigriabdominalis (Sasaki, 1899) is a holocyclic and heteroecious species widely distributed throughout the world. Its primary hosts are various elm species, on which it forms galls. The results of this study complement those of previous research on the development of T. nigriabdominalis on primary hosts. Our research was conducted on two elm species, Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra, at three locations and for three successive seasons between 2017 and 2019. Fundatrices hatched between 27 April and 12 May. The first galls were observed 6–8 days after the hatching date of the fundatrices. On average, there were 1–7.5 galls on one leaf. The highest abundances of T. nigriabdominalis galls were found in the medial and basal parts of the leaf blades. The fundatrices matured within 12–21 days after hatching and produced nymphs within 2–3 weeks. The fecundity of the fundatrices was influenced by the temperature in April, the size of the laminae, and the size of the galls. The females developing on U. glabra were more fecund (2–58 nymphs), whereas those developing on U. minor produced 1–29 nymphs. The winged migrants of the second generation appeared between late May and late June, when the first cracks on the galls were also observed. The entire development of two aphid generations on the primary host was temperature-dependent and lasted from four to almost six weeks. Our results show that U. glabra and U. minor are suitable hosts for T. nigriabdominalis. The development of aphids proceeded similarly on both tree species. Temperature, especially in April, significantly influenced the duration of individual developmental phases and the fecundity of fundatrices.

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5

Chaiwan, N. "New host record of Nothophoma quercina (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales) from Ulmus minor × Ulmus pumila in Russia." Asian Journal of Mycology 3, no. 1 (2020): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5943/ajom/3/1/5.

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6

Tamošaitis, Sigitas, Girmantė Jurkšienė, Raimundas Petrokas, Jurata Buchovska, Ilona Kavaliauskienė, Darius Danusevičius, and Virgilijus Baliuckas. "Dissecting Taxonomic Variants within Ulmus spp. Complex in Natural Forests with the Aid of Microsatellite and Morphometric Markers." Forests 12, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060653.

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Spontaneous hybrids between the native elms (genus Ulmus L.) have been observed in the forests of Europe. Gene conservation raises questions regarding the genetic background for the complex morphology and taxonomy of elms. Our objective was to dissect morphological and genetic variation in the natural swamps of Ulmus species groups in Lithuanian forests with the aid of leaf morphology and microsatellite (SSR) markers. We sampled leaves from 189 elms at 26 locations to grasp the phenotypic diversity in variable natural habitats in Lithuanian forests. We assigned the elms into six taxonomic and genetics groups based on 31 leaf morphology parameters and tested the genetic differentiation between these six groups at six nuclear SSR loci by using Bayesian and genetic distance-based clustering. The genetic and leaf morphometric analyses of putative elm hybrid swamps indicated a low genetic exchange between U. laevis Pall. and the other Ulmus groups. The genetic and morphometric data supported the differentiation of U. glabra Huds. and U. glabra (female) × U. minor Mill. (male) spontaneous hybrids. In addition, the results of the genetic analysis also confirmed the high level of genome sharing among U. minor and U. minor subsp. minor Richens., where leaf morphology failed to differentiate genetically discrete groups. For gene conservation, we would suggest considering separate gene conservation units selected based on leaf and stem morphology for U. laevis, U. glabra, U. glabra × minor, and the U. minor species complex.

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7

Conde, Paula, Alexandra Sousa, Armando Costa, and Conceição Santos. "A protocol for Ulmus minor Mill. micropropagation and acclimatization." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 92, no. 1 (November 6, 2007): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-007-9310-8.

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8

Meshkova, V. L., O. A. Kuznetsova, and N. L. Khimenko. "Occurrence of Ulmus L. in the different forest site conditions of eastern Ukraine." Forestry and Forest Melioration, no. 140 (June 28, 2022): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33220/1026-3365.140.2022.3.

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The “Ukrderzhlisproekt” Ukrainian State Forest Management Planning Association Database by 2017 was analysed for Donetsk, Kharkiv and Sumy Regional Forest and Hunting Management Administrations (RFHMA) to recognize the distribution of forest-covered area, area with Ulmus sp. as a main forest-forming species, and area of subcompartments with Ulmus sp. in the stand composition by forest site condition (FSC) types. Forests of Donetsk, Kharkiv and Sumy RFHMA are located in 16, 17 and 16 FSC types, with Ulmus sp. in 14, 13 and 11 FSC types, and with Ulmus sp. as the main forest-forming species in 11, 9 and 8 FSC types, respectively. U. minor is the most common; U. glabra is the least common. U. pumila dominates in Donetsk RFHMA and is absent in Sumy RFHMA. U. laevis is most common in Kharkiv RFHMA. U. minor prefers fresh and dry fertile FSC. U. laevis in Donetsk RFHMA prefers dry and fresh fertile FSC types, in Kharkiv RFHMA fresh fertile FSC types, in Sumy RFHMA fresh relatively poor, relatively fertile and fertile FSC types. U. pumila In Donetsk RFHMA prefers dry relatively fertile FSC, in Kharkiv RFHMA fresh fertile FSC, in Sumy RFHMA fresh relatively poor FSC, fresh relatively fertile FSC and moist fresh relatively fertile FSC. U. glabra prevails in moist relatively fertile FSC types, and in Kharkiv RFHMA also widely spread in fresh fertile FSC types.

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9

Loureiro, J., E. Rodriguez, Â. Gomes, and C. Santos. "Genome Size Estimations On Ulmus minor Mill., Ulmus glabra Huds., and Celtis australis L. Using Flow Cytometry." Plant Biology 9, no. 4 (July 2007): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-965165.

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10

Martínez-Arias, C., J. Sobrino-Plata, S. Ormeño-Moncalvillo, L. Gil, J. Rodríguez-Calcerrada, and J. A. Martín. "Endophyte inoculation enhances Ulmus minor resistance to Dutch elm disease." Fungal Ecology 50 (April 2021): 101024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101024.

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11

Harvengt, L., A. Meier-Dinkel, E. Dumas, and E. Collin. "Establishment of a cryopreserved gene bank of European elms." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-193.

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Cryopreservation of a core collection of 444 elm (Ulmus spp.) clones in liquid nitrogen was carried out by two laboratories participating in a European project of conservation of elm genetic resources. Plant material, collected in nine European countries, represented a large sample of the genetic diversity within three European elm species and their hybrids. The cryopreservation technique used in both laboratories involved the stepwise freezing of cryotubes containing dormant buds. Comparisons with fresh buds showed that the cryopreservation treatment had no negative effect on the viability and regrowth potential of frozen buds. Tests on a random sample of 26 clones showed that direct regrowth of cryopreserved buds (i.e., through propagation by microcuttings) of Ulmus minor and Ulmus laevis was possible; conversely, Ulmus glabra could only be regrown through micrografting. Most thawed explants from all 26 clones survived through the whole cultivation phase and were successfully transferred to the field. A calculation of costs indicates that cryopreservation of elm buds is economically competitive to field clonal archives.

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12

Ivanko, I. A., and A. F. Kulik. "Assessment of adaptive capacity of native and adventive species of trees and shrubs in Dnipro region." Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 50 (November 4, 2021): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/442102.

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Nowadays, deterioration and loss of ecological functions of urban tree and shrub plantations take place in Europe and, in particular, in Ukraine; it was noted that their number is insufficient to counteract the negative impact of global climate change and protect the population against industrial pollution effects. The issue of resistance of native and adventitious tree species used in the plantations of industrial cities remains relevant; it necessitates the assessment of physiological and biochemical aspects of their adaptation to extreme environmental factors, such as moisture limit in the steppe zone, periodic dangerously low winter temperatures and anthropo-technogenic load (in large urban agglomerations). In order to optimize the assortment of tree species of large megalopolises of the steppe zone of Ukraine and determine their potential resistance to anthropogenic pressures the study was conducted in conditionally clean forest biogeocenoses of the Samara River levee zone and in artificial plantations on the territories located in the coastal zone of the Dnipro River within 1500 m from the Prydneprovskaya thermal electric station (PTES, Dnipro city). It well known that the TPP is the source of atmospheric air pollution by such heavy metals as lead and cadmium. A study of the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in leaves of native and adventive tree species showed that in the zone of Prydneprovskaya TES impact there was an increase of guaiacol peroxidase activity in Acer platanoides, Ulmus minor, Morus alba; benzidine peroxidase in Acer negundo, Ulmus laevis, Acer platanoides; catalase in A. platanoides, A. negundo, U. laevis, Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudoasasia. High peroxidase activity, which is complemented by higher catalase activity, indicates the relative resistance of these species to atropo-technogenic pressures supported by antioxidant defense mechanisms. Total chlorophyll content (Chla + Chlb) in leaves of native species Ulmus laevis, Acer platanoides and adventive Morus alba decreased in the zone of TPP impact in relation to conditionally clean areas. The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b in contaminated areas significantly increased in leaves of native species Ulmus laevis, Ulmus minor, Acer platanoides compared with control. The invasive species Acer negundo, Morus alba, Ulmus pumila had no significant changes in this indicator. In invasive species such as Ulmus pumila, Acer negundo there was an increase in leaf mass, which may indicate adaptation of these species to anthropogenically altered growth conditions.

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13

Maslovata, S. A., V. L. Kulbitskyi, and M. Yu Osipov. "Систематика та філогенетичні зв'язки роду Ulmus L." Scientific Bulletin of UNFU 29, no. 5 (May 30, 2019): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/40290510.

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За літературними джерелами досліджено філогенетичні зв'язки роду Ulmus L. Встановлено за даними бази GRIN, що у світі всього нараховується понад 30 видів роду Ulmus, поширених переважно в помірній зоні північної півкулі. З них 10 трапляються на території України, в помірній зоні європейської частини, на Північному Кавказі, в Забайкаллі та на Далекому Сході в широколистяних і хвойно-широколистяних лісах. По берегах річок на півночі зони зростання вклинюються у європейську темнохвойну тайгу, а на півдні – у Степову та Лісостепову зони. Як типові супутні породи мішаних лісів Європи найпоширеніші такі представники роду Ulmus: U. laevis Pall., U. glabra Huds., U. suberosa Moench, U. elliptica K. Koch; в Азії – U. propinqua, U. laciniata (Trautv.) Mayr та U. pumila L; у Північній Америці – U. americana L. На території України поширені сім аборигенних видів U. androssowii Litv., U. minor Mill., U. glabra Huds., U. laciniata (Trautv.) Mayr, U. laevis Pall., U. macrocarpa Hance, U. pumila L. та три інтродукованих види: U. japonica (Rehd.) Sarg., U. americana L. та U. densa Litw. З'ясовано, що номенклатура видів роду Ulmus складна і заплутана. Складність полягає не тільки в народних, але й у латинських назвах. Так, у літературних джерелах виявлено безліч синонімів латинських назв. Причиною, яка ускладнює таксономію в'язів, є поширення процесів природної гібридизації в межах роду Ulmus. Виявлено понад 15 морфологічних ознак, які змінюються в одному і тому ж напрямку в багатьох видів роду Ulmus різного ступеня споріднення.

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14

Cox, Karen, An Vanden Broeck, Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge, Joukje Buiteveld, Eric Collin, Hans M. Heybroek, and Joachim Mergeay. "Interspecific hybridisation and interaction with cultivars affect the genetic variation of Ulmus minor and Ulmus glabra in Flanders." Tree Genetics & Genomes 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2014): 813–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0722-4.

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15

Martín, Juan A., Alejandro Solla, Luis G. Esteban, Paloma de Palacios, and Luis Gil. "Bordered pit and ray morphology involvement in elm resistance to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 2 (February 2009): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-183.

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The main objective of this study was to identify differential anatomical features between Ulmus pumila L. and Ulmus minor Mill. clones resistant to Dutch elm disease and U. minor clones susceptible to Dutch elm disease, with a focus on the intervascular pits and medullary rays. Resistant elms showed lower mean values than susceptible elms for pit membrane diameter, pit aperture area, pit membrane abundance per vessel-wall area, ray width, and ray tangential area. A principal component analysis of the parameters measured revealed slight differentiation between species but clearly grouped U. minor clones according to their susceptibility group. In comparison with susceptible elms, the pit structure observed in resistant elms may limit passive fungal spread within the sapflow, lower the probability of fungal cells passively reaching pit membranes, and reduce the vulnerability of the xylem to cavitation. Similarly, the ray structure observed in the resistant elms is likely to reduce the amount of easily accessible nutrients available for fungal growth as well as the rate of radial colonization in comparison with susceptible elms. Examination of the principal component loadings suggested that susceptible U. minor clones were mainly characterized by enhanced values of pit membrane abundance per vessel-wall area relative to resistant U. minor trees.

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16

Aleksic, Jelena, and Sasa Orlovic. "Ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm (Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall)." Genetika 36, no. 3 (2004): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0403221a.

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Principles of the conservation of genetic resources of elms (Ulmus spp) do not differ fundamentally from the general principles accepted for the conservation of genetic resources of other common Noble Hardwoods. Efficient conservation can best be achieved through appropriate combination of in situ and ex situ methods, which have distinct advantages. Besides that, ex situ conservation is employed when emergency measures are needed for rare endangered populations and when populations are too small to be managed in situ (e.g. risks of genetic drift and inbreeding). The aim of our research is ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm {Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall) through establishment of field genebanks. Sampling was conducted in one population of field elm and one population of white elm. Plant material (buds) from 8 trees of field elm and 10 trees of white elm was used for in vitro production of clones. Obtained clones will be used for establishment of field genebanks on the experimental estate of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment.

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17

Jiménez-López, Laura, María E. Eugenio, David Ibarra, Margarita Darder, Juan A. Martín, and Raquel Martín-Sampedro. "Cellulose Nanofibers from a Dutch Elm Disease-Resistant Ulmus minor Clone." Polymers 12, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112450.

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The potential use of elm wood in lignocellulosic industries has been hindered by the Dutch elm disease (DED) pandemics, which have ravaged European and North American elm groves in the last century. However, the selection of DED-resistant cultivars paves the way for their use as feedstock in lignocellulosic biorefineries. Here, the production of cellulose nanofibers from the resistant Ulmus minor clone Ademuz was evaluated for the first time. Both mechanical (PFI refining) and chemical (TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidation) pretreatments were assessed prior to microfluidization, observing not only easier fibrillation but also better optical and barrier properties for elm nanopapers compared to eucalyptus ones (used as reference). Furthermore, mechanically pretreated samples showed higher strength for elm nanopapers. Although lower nanofibrillation yields were obtained by mechanical pretreatment, nanofibers showed higher thermal, mechanical and barrier properties, compared to TEMPO-oxidized nanofibers. Furthermore, lignin-containing elm nanofibers presented the most promising characteristics, with slightly lower transparencies.

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18

Dias, M. C., G. Pinto, C. M. Correia, J. Moutinho-Pereira, S. Silva, and C. Santos. "Photosynthetic parameters of Ulmus minor plantlets affected by irradiance during acclimatization." Biologia plantarum 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10535-012-0234-8.

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19

Conde, P., J. Loureiro, and C. Santos. "Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaves of Ulmus minor Mill." Plant Cell Reports 22, no. 9 (April 1, 2004): 632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-003-0735-1.

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20

Solla, A., J. A. Martín, G. B. Ouellette, and L. Gil. "Influence of Plant Age on Symptom Development in Ulmus minor Following Inoculation by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Plant Disease 89, no. 10 (October 2005): 1035–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1035.

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In American and European breeding programs, numerous elm trees from many species (Ulmus spp.) and hybrids have been inoculated annually with the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (the Dutch elm disease pathogen) in screening tests for resistance. Because trees were inoculated at different ages, it appeared necessary to study the influence of host age on the symptoms shown. Four Ulmus minor trees and one U. minor × U. pumila tree were cloned annually from 1994 to 1999. The replicates obtained (usually n = 6) were inoculated on 17 May 2000 with an O. novoulmi strain. At the end of the season, 2-year-old U. minor trees showed average wilting of 8 ± 3% (ES), significantly less than that of 3-year-old trees (34 ± 5%) (P ≤ 0.01). Elms that were 4, 5, 6, and 7 years old showed wilting values of around 50%. A positive relationship between the symptoms shown and the diameter of the elm xylem vessels was observed, and the implications for elm resistance and breeding are discussed. Breeders and pathologists should use trees of the same age and physiological phase when determining the relative resistance among elm clones. It is concluded that under the growing conditions of this experiment, the optimal age for U. minor screening was 4-year-old plants.

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21

Solla, A., and L. Gil. "Influence of water stress on Dutch elm disease symptoms in Ulmus minor." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-067.

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The response of Ulmus minor Miller to Dutch elm disease was observed under combined heavy and light watering regimes. Ramets of two clones, planted in pots, were divided into two groups and each group underwent a different watering regime: heavy initial watering followed by light watering and light initial watering followed by heavy watering. The changeover in watering took place on May 29, 1998, 15 days after plants had been inoculated with a Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier spore suspension. Greater wilting was evident in elms subjected to the heavy initial watering followed by light watering regime than those subjected to light initial watering followed by heavy watering. Non-inoculated plants subjected to heavy initial watering followed by light watering developed large vessel diameters during the heavy watering period and showed approximately 20% wilting during the light watering period. Non-inoculated plants subjected to light initial watering followed by heavy watering developed vessels with smaller diameters during the light watering period, and showed no wilting. The evidence suggests that large vessel formation prior to inoculation associated with water stress after infection increases Dutch elm disease symptoms. The role of water stress in the development of Dutch elm disease symptoms and the implications for elm resistance and breeding are discussed.Key words: field elm, Dutch elm disease, water relations, xylem vessels, breeding, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi.

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22

Solla, A., JC López-Almansa, JA Martín, and L. Gil. "Genetic variation and heritability estimates of Ulmus minor and Ulmus pumila hybrids for budburst, growth and tolerance to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 8, no. 4 (August 2, 2015): 422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor1227-007.

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23

Amoroso, G., P. Frangi, R. Piatti, A. Fini, and F. Ferrini. "INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CONTAINER TYPOLOGY ON ULMUS MINOR PLANT GROWTH AND ROOT MORPHOLOGY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 923 (December 2011): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.923.37.

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24

Martín, Juan A., Alejandro Solla, Manuel A. Coimbra, and Luis Gil. "Metabolic distinction of Ulmus minor xylem tissues after inoculation with Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Phytochemistry 66, no. 20 (October 2005): 2458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.08.004.

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25

Solla, A., and L. Gil. "Evaluating Verticillium dahliae for biological control of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in Ulmus minor." Plant Pathology 52, no. 5 (October 2003): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00921.x.

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26

Napierała-Filipiak, Anna, Maciej Filipiak, and Piotr Łakomy. "Changes in the Species Composition of Elms (Ulmus spp.) in Poland." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2019): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111008.

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In nearly 600 randomly selected forest stands including elms (Ulmus spp.), we conducted field research to identify them to species level and to find trees showing symptoms of Dutch elm disease (DED). The presented data show that all the 3 native elms (U. glabra, U. laevis, and U. minor) still exist in the whole ranges of their distribution in Poland reported earlier, but their role as forest-forming species has changed. In comparison to published data, the contribution of U. minor has markedly decreased, while an increased contribution was observed in the case of U. laevis, a species which in the past was predominantly located out of woodland and was rarely cultivated. In mountains, where the most frequent is U. glabra, the contribution of elms to forest stands is currently clearly lower than in the lowlands and uplands of Poland. The observed changes most probably result from Dutch elm disease. It cannot be excluded that the changes are at least partly linked with natural correction of forest stand composition modified earlier by human activity (silviculture). In all parts of Poland, trees with symptoms of Dutch elm disease are found, but large-scale decline (of a majority of elm trees) is observed only in about 1.5% of the directly investigated localities.

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27

Saksonov, Sergey Vladimirovich, Nikolai Sergeevich Rakov, Vladimir Mikhailovich Vasjukov, and Stepan Aleksandrovich Senator. "Alien plants in forest communities of the Middle Volga Region: dissemination and degree of naturalization." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201762115.

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In forest communities of the Middle Volga forest-steppe zone (within Penza, Samara and Ulyanovsk Regions) there are 60 alien species of vascular plants. 25 species of adventives (42%) have naturalized in forests, 7 species are epecophytes ( Cotoneaster lucidus , Oenothera biennis , O. rubricaulis , and O. villosa , Populus suaveolens , Ulmus minor , Xanthoxalis stricta ) and 18 species are agriophytes ( Acer negundo , Amelanchier spicata , Bidens frondosa , Caragana arborescens , Conyza canadensis , Echinocystis lobata , Heracleum sosnowskyi , Impatiens parviflora , Fraxinus lanceolata , F. pennsylvanica , Lonicera tatarica , Lupinus polyphyllus , Malus domestica , Parthenocissus inserta , Salix euxina , Sambucus racemosa , S. sibirica , Ulmus pumila ). Transformer-types are arboreal - Acer negundo , Fraxinus lanceolata , F. pennsylvanica , Parthenocissus inserta , Ulmus pumila , as well as herbaceous plants - Bidens frondosa , Conyza canadensis , Echinocystis lobata , Heracleum sosnowskyi , Impatiens parviflora . The introduction of alien trees and shrubs in the forest can lead to dense thickets, disrupt underbrush resumption and main forest-forming species growth, as well as negatively affect the herbaceous layer. Most vulnerable to the introduction of adventive plants are roadsides and the places where forests are close to human settlements. The introduction of alien plants in forest communities is the result of ornithochory (33; 54%), anemochory (11 species; 18%), anthropochory (8 species; 13%) or a combination of various ways of introduction.

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Eriksson, Gösta. "Conservation of noble hardwoods in Europe." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x00-134.

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This paper is a summary of the work carried out within the European Forest Genetic Resources Programme network on gene conservation of noble hardwoods. The species classified as noble hardwoods are all of minor economic importance in European forestry owing to their low proportion in forests. For commonly occurring species the in situ multiple population breeding system (MPBS) is suggested. Some of the noble hardwoods occur together and whenever possible, their combined gene conservation is suggested. If possible, some of the subpopulations will be extended to 200300 ha to match the objective of gene conservation of associated species. For rarely occurring species, grafting of trees and establishment of plantations of grafts in seed orchards or clonal archives are suggested to increase the effective population size. The progenies from such an orchard or archive are planted in forests. For Castanea sativa Mill., which is a multipurpose species, separate gene conservation of fruit cultivars and populations in nature is suggested. The severe threat from Dutch elm disease makes it necessary to establish hedges of Ulmus species to avoid infection of the disease via Scolytus insects. Whenever possible, MPBS in situ gene conservation of Ulmus glabra Huds. and Ulmus laevis Pall. should be carried out.

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Li, Meng, Rosana López, Martin Venturas, Pilar Pita, Guillermo G. Gordaliza, Luis Gil, and Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada. "Greater resistance to flooding of seedlings of Ulmus laevis than Ulmus minor is related to the maintenance of a more positive carbon balance." Trees 29, no. 3 (February 5, 2015): 835–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1163-x.

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SOIKA, GRAŻYNA, ALI GOL, ARASH HONARMAND, ANNA WOZIŃSKA, and HUSSEIN SADEGHI. "New records of eriophyoid mites from Iran (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) and a description of a new Brevulacus Manson species." Zootaxa 4216, no. 4 (January 9, 2017): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4216.4.2.

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Four species of eriophyoid mites are recorded from Iran, of which three represent new records and the other is a new species. These species are: Brevulacus salicinus n. sp. (Diptilomiopidae), found on Salix sp. (Salicaceae); Aceria wallichianae Keifer, 1975 from Ulmus minor (Ulmaceae); Aceria granulata Carmona, 1972 from Verbascum spp. (Scrophulariaceae) and Tegnacus unicornutus Pye, 2012 from Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae). Each of these species are illustrated and provided with data regarding their distribution and host plants.

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Martínez-Arias, Clara, Juan Sobrino-Plata, David Medel, Luis Gil, Juan Antonio Martín, and Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada. "Stem endophytes increase root development, photosynthesis, and survival of elm plantlets (Ulmus minor Mill.)." Journal of Plant Physiology 261 (June 2021): 153420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153420.

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32

Tziros, G. T., Z. G. Nakopoulou, C. Perlerou, and S. Diamandis. "Current status of the Dutch elm disease pathogen populations affecting Ulmus minor in Greece." Forest Pathology 47, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): e12323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12323.

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33

Ghelardini, Luisa, Mauro Falusi, and Alberto Santini. "Variation in timing of bud-burst of Ulmus minor clones from different geographical origins." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1982–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-092.

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The vegetative bud-burst phenology of field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.) clones originating from a large geographical range within the species natural area was studied at three European sites over a 5-year period in ex situ collections constituted for the conservation of elm genetic resources. At all the sites and in all the years of study, the date of bud burst and the required thermal time to bud burst were directly related to latitude and altitude of origin of the clones. Nevertheless, the differences among origins were reduced with increasing the chilling duration, suggesting that the clones from more northern latitudes and higher altitudes required longer chilling for dormancy release. Analyses of variance performed on selected groups of clones from different latitudinal origins showed that the order of bud burst was stable among years and that the thermal time requirements decreased in all the groups with increasing chilling, with significant differences among groups; southern clones satisfied their chilling requirements after a shorter chilling duration.

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34

Conde, Paula, and Conceição Santos. "An Efficient Protocol for Ulmus minor Mill. Protoplast Isolation and Culture in Agarose Droplets." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 86, no. 3 (July 4, 2006): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-006-9122-2.

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35

Sinclair, W. A., A. M. Townsend, H. M. Griffiths, and T. H. Whitlow. "Responses of Six Eurasian Ulmus Cultivars to a North American Elm Yellows Phytoplasma." Plant Disease 84, no. 12 (December 2000): 1266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.12.1266.

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Elms (genus Ulmus) of six clonal cultivars representing Eurasian species and hybrids were grafted when 2 to 3 years old with bark patches from U. rubra infected with an elm yellows phytoplasma or were left untreated as controls. The cultivars were U. glabra × minor ‘Pioneer’, U. minor × parvifolia ‘Frontier’, U. parvifolia ‘Pathfinder’, U. wilsoniana ‘Prospector’, and the complex hybrids ‘Homestead’ and ‘Patriot’. Trees were evaluated for infection and symptoms 1 or 2 years after inoculation. Infection was detected via the 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindol e·2HCl (DAPI) fluorescence test in 26 of 86 grafted trees representing five cultivars. Infection of selected trees was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a fragment of phytoplasmal rDNA, and the phytoplasma was identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the amplified DNA using restriction enzymes AluI, RsaI, and TaqI. Elm yellows phytoplasma was also identified by nested PCR and RFLP analysis in two of seven inoculated, healthy-appearing, DAPI-negative trees and one noninoculated control tree. All RFLP profiles were identical to that of reference strain EY1. Phytoplasma-associated symptoms, observed in five cultivars, included suppressed growth, progressive size reduction of apical shoots and leaves, chlorosis, foliar reddening, witches'-brooms, and dieback. Phyto-plasma was not detected in cv. Homestead. Possible resistance of this cultivar to elm yellows phytoplasma was indicated by localized phloem necrosis in stems below inoculum patches.

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Koch, Olef, Angela Luciana de Avila, Henry Heinen, and Axel Tim Albrecht. "Retreat of Major European Tree Species Distribution under Climate Change—Minor Natives to the Rescue?" Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 5213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095213.

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Climate change is projected to trigger strong declines in the potential distribution of major tree species in Europe. While minor natives have moved into the spotlight as alternatives, their ecology is often poorly understood. We use an ensemble species distribution modelling approach on a set of promising native tree species to gain insights into their distribution potential under different climate change scenarios. Moreover, we identify the urgency and potential of altered species distributions in favor of minor natives by comparing the niche dynamics of five major native tree species with the set of six minor natives in a case study. Our models project stark range contractions and range shifts among major tree species, strongly amplified under high emission scenarios. Abies alba, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica are affected the strongest. While also experiencing range shifts, the minor European natives Castanea sativa, Sorbus torminalis, and Ulmus laevis all considerably expand their range potential across climate change scenarios. Accompanied by Carpinus betulus, with a stable range size, they hold the potential to substantially contribute to sustainably adapting European forest to climate change.

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Martínez-Arias, Clara, Juan Sobrino-Plata, Luis Gil, Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada, and Juan Antonio Martín. "Priming of Plant Defenses against Ophiostoma novo-ulmi by Elm (Ulmus minor Mill.) Fungal Endophytes." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090687.

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Some fungal endophytes of forest trees are recognized as beneficial symbionts against stresses. In previous works, two elm endophytes from the classes Cystobasidiomycetes and Eurotiomycetes promoted host resistance to abiotic stress, and another elm endophyte from Dothideomycetes enhanced host resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED). Here, we hypothesize that the combined effect of these endophytes activate the plant immune and/or antioxidant system, leading to a defense priming and/or increased oxidative protection when exposed to the DED pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. To test this hypothesis, the short-term defense gene activation and antioxidant response were evaluated in DED-susceptible (MDV1) and DED-resistant (VAD2 and MDV2.3) Ulmus minor genotypes inoculated with O. novo-ulmi, as well as two weeks earlier with a mixture of the above-mentioned endophytes. Endophyte inoculation induced a generalized transient defense activation mediated primarily by salicylic acid (SA). Subsequent pathogen inoculation resulted in a primed defense response of variable intensity among genotypes. Genotypes MDV1 and VAD2 displayed a defense priming driven by SA, jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET), causing a reduced pathogen spread in MDV1. Meanwhile, the genotype MDV2.3 showed lower defense priming but a stronger and earlier antioxidant response. The defense priming stimulated by elm fungal endophytes broadens our current knowledge of the ecological functions of endophytic fungi in forest trees and opens new prospects for their use in the biocontrol of plant diseases.

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SOLLA, A., and L. GIL. "Xylem vessel diameter as a factor in resistance of Ulmus minor to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi." Forest Pathology 32, no. 2 (April 2002): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0329.2002.00274.x.

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39

Dias, M. C., G. Pinto, and C. Santos. "Acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets induces an antioxidative burst: a case study with Ulmus minor Mill." Photosynthetica 49, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11099-011-0028-9.

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40

Dias, M. C., G. Pinto, C. Guerra, C. Jesus, J. Amaral, and C. Santos. "Effect of irradiance during acclimatization on content of proline and phytohormones in micropropagated Ulmus minor." Biologia plantarum 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10535-013-0341-1.

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41

Zebec, Marko, Marilena Idžojtić, Zlatko Šatović, Igor Poljak, and Zlatko Liber. "Alive and kicking, or, living on borrowed time? – Microsatellite diversity in natural populations of the endangered Ulmus minor Mill. sensu latissimo from Croatia." Acta Botanica Croatica 75, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2016-0007.

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AbstractThe main objective of this research was to assess the genetic diversity of 5 natural field elm populations in Croatia. The study results suggest that the observed populations are characterized by a satisfactory amount of heterozygosity, and that the impact of the Dutch elm disease on the amount of genetic diversity in the sampled populations is currently negligible. However, one population displayed a significant excess of heterozygosity, implying a genetic bottleneck. The existence of a very clear genetic differentiation between the continental and the Mediterranean populations of Ulmus minor in Croatia was noticed.

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TATAR, Muhammed, Erol ATAY, and Göksel TOZLU. "Amata (Syntomis) caspia (Staudinger, 1877) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)’nın Dış ve Genital Morfolojisi ile Biyoekolojisi Üzerinde Bazı Gözlemler." Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1084936.

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Iğdır İli Aralık ve Karakoyunlu ilçelerinde karaağaç (Ulmus minor Miller) ve çiçekli yabancı otların hakim olduğu habitatlarda 2021 yılı mayıs-ağustos aylarında Amata (Syntomis) caspia (Staudinger, 1877) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)’nın ergin bireyleri atrap ile yakalanmıştır. Çalışma arazi ve laboratuvar şartlarında yürütülmüştür. Laboratuvara getirilen bireylerin, içerisinde karaağaç yapraklarının bulunduğu desikatörlerde çiftleşip yumurta bırakmaları sağlanmıştır. Ergin bireyler laboratuvarda disekte edilmiş, erkek cinsel organları ve kanat preparatları hazırlanmış, A. caspia’ya ait yumurta, larva, pupa ve erginlerin fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. A. caspia’nın erkek genital ve dış morfolojisi ayrıntılı olarak tanımlanmış, türün Dünya ve Türkiye’deki yayılışı da verilmiştir.

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43

Martín, JA, A. Solla, M. Venturas, C. Collada, J. Domínguez, E. Miranda, P. Fuentes, M. Burón, S. Iglesias, and L. Gil. "Seven Ulmus minor clones tolerant to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi registered as forest reproductive material in Spain." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor1224-008.

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44

Martín, Juan A., Juan Sobrino-Plata, Begoña Coira, David Medel, Carmen Collada, and Luis Gil. "Growth resilience and oxidative burst control as tolerance factors to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in Ulmus minor." Tree Physiology 39, no. 9 (July 23, 2019): 1512–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz067.

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Abstract The Dutch elm disease (DED) pathogens, Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) Nannf. and the more aggressive Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier, have decimated European elm populations in the last 100 years. Today, the number of tolerant elm varieties available on the market is limited, partly due to the long breeding cycles and expensive facilities they require. Developing a low-cost technique to allow early screening of elm tolerance based on simple morphological and/or biochemical traits would considerably boost elm breeding and research. Within this general aim, we developed an in vitro plant culture system to (i) characterize stress responses to O. novo-ulmi-root inoculation in two Ulmus minor Mill. clones of contrasting susceptibility level to DED (termed ‘tolerant’ and ‘susceptible’) and (ii) compare the upward dispersal rate of the pathogen in the two clones. Constitutive xylem anatomy was similar in both clones, indicating that differences in plant responses to the pathogen are not attributable to anatomical factors (e.g., conduit size). Susceptible plantlets suffered a significant delay in apical growth and a decrease in chlorophyll content at 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). The rate of pathogen dispersal from roots to aerial tissues was similar in both clones. However, the tolerant clone showed a marked increase in lipid peroxidation at 1 dpi, while the susceptible clone showed enhanced values of lipid peroxidation during most of the experimental period (1–21 dpi). Despite wide stem colonization by the pathogen, the tolerant clone effectively regulated the oxidative stress levels and showed remarkable resilience to inoculation. These results extend current knowledge on elm defense mechanisms, and the proposed in vitro plant culture system emerges as a promising early screening method for tolerance to improve elm breeding.

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45

Rofouei, Mohammad Kazem, Seyed Momen Hejazi Kojoori, and Roudabeh Sadat Moazeni-Pourasil. "Optimization of chlorogenic acid extraction from Elm tree, Ulmus minor Mill., fruits, using response surface methodology." Separation and Purification Technology 256 (February 2021): 117773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117773.

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46

Voglmayr, Hermann, Adam Polhorský, Viktorie Halasů, and Thomas Kirisits. "New species, combinations and records of Thyronectria, with a key to species." Mycological Progress 21, no. 1 (January 2022): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01763-z.

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AbstractThe new species Thyronectria ulmi is described from Ulmus laevis and U. minor collected in Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It is morphologically and phylogenetically close to the North American T. chrysogramma, which also occurs on Ulmus and shares olive green to brown muriform ascospores, but differs from the latter by geographic distribution, narrower asci, smaller ascospores with fewer septa and DNA sequence data from seven loci (ITS and LSU regions of nu rDNA, ACT1, RPB1, RPB2, TEF1 and TUB2 genes). As in many other Thyronectria species, ascomata of T. ulmi were closely associated with Diplodia, indicating a fungicolous habit. The genus Neothyronectria is synonymised with Thyronectria based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data, and the new combinations T. citri and T. sophorae are proposed. A key to 45 accepted species of Thyronectria is provided. The recently described T. abieticola, previously known from the Czech Republic and France, is newly reported from Austria and Slovakia; its pycnidial anamorph is recorded, described and illustrated from natural substrates for the first time. A sporodochial anamorph is reported from natural substrates for T. aurigera, a new record for Austria as well. New host and distribution records include T. rhodochlora on Acer pseudoplatanus in Austria and Fraxinus excelsior in the Czech Republic, T. sinopica on Hedera colchica in the Czech Republic and Bupleurum fruticosum in Spain, and T. zanthoxyli on Sorbus aucuparia in Belgium and Ulmus sp. in the USA. Thyronectria cucurbitula is confirmed by sequence data from Pinus strobus collected in the Czech Republic, challenging the host ranges given for T. cucurbitula (Pinus subgen. Pinus) and T. strobi (Pinus subgen. Strobus), and questioning the European and Chinese records of T. strobi.

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47

Ali Sayin, Ş., Nurdan Yavuz, and Serap Içöz. "Clay minerals, δ13C values, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs as palaeoenviromental and palaeoclimatic indicators in Pliocene sediments of central Anatolia, Turkey." Clay Minerals 52, no. 3 (September 2017): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2017.052.3.06.

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AbstractThe Çankırı Basin is one of the largest Cenozoic basins in Central Anatolia, Turkey and contains possible economic hydrocarbon and evaporite reserves. Gypsum is the dominant mineral in the evaporite-bearing Pliocene deposits of the Çankırı Basin. In claystones, the abundance of smectite, dolomite, illite/mica and chlorite in association with minor amounts of mixed-layer chlorite-smectite, mica-vermiculite, amphibole, serpentine, quartz and feldspar together indicate an alkaline environment. Minor kaolinite is also present in some clay samples. Smectite is both detrital and authigenic. Palynological analysis revealed the existence of a mixed forest (Pinus, Cathaya, Tsuga, Cedrus, Abies, Quercus, Ulmus, Juglans, Pterocarya, Acer, Carya, Carpinus, Fagus) dominated by Pinus with a widespread herbaceous understory (Poaceae) interspersed sparsely with open areas occupied by Asteraceae. This flora reflects warm-temperate and humid climatic condition. δ13C analyses have shown that the vegetation was dominated by C3 plants.

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48

Napierała-Filipiak, Anna, Maciej Filipiak, and Justyna Jaworek-Jakubska. "The Populations and Habitat Preferences of Three Elm Species in Conditions Prevailing on Plains of Poland." Forests 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2021): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020162.

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From among the 35–40 elm species existing around the world, three are native to Europe: the wych elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.), the European white elm, (Ulmus laevis Pall.), and the field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.). The populations of these trees have been greatly reduced as a result of a decrease in the total area of riparian forests. Furthermore, for nearly 100 years, they have been destroyed by Dutch elm disease (DED). The main research problems of this study are: what are the habitat preferences of elms growing in a given area; and whether the occurrence of DED depends on the species of elm and the habitat in which it occurs. The results presented here are based on field studies and observations have been supplemented with data from forest inventories. All of the examined elms are definitely more abundant in habitats that are fertile or very fertile and moist, with a neutral or slightly alkaline soil pH. The preference for moist sites is the most evident in the case of U. laevis and the least evident in the case of U. glabra. A slight shift in habitat preferences of the field elm, compared to the white elm, towards less humid conditions was observed. The predominant species of elm in the studied area is currently U. laevis, which was rarely cultivated in forests in the past. In the examined area, the field elm population is clearly on the decline mainly due to the long-term presence of Dutch elm disease. U. glabra is the rarest species in the examined area and most often found on slopes. The current proportions of individual species should be maintained. This paper discusses factors, including ones not connected with DED, that may be responsible for the current state of populations of particular species of elm in forests of Central Europe.

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49

Lopez-Almansa, J. C., J. R. Pannell, and L. Gil. "Female sterility in Ulmus minor (Ulmaceae): a hypothesis invoking the cost of sex in a clonal plant." American Journal of Botany 90, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.4.603.

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50

Fuentes-Utrilla, P., M. Valbuena-Carabaña, R. Ennos, and L. Gil. "Population clustering and clonal structure evidence the relict state of Ulmus minor Mill. in the Balearic Islands." Heredity 113, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2014.21.

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