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1
Rivière, Pauline Mayalen. "FMIcroorganisms as Triggers in Acute severe ulcerative Colitis and their influence on medical therapy efficacy : a multi-omics approach, the ITAC project." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0474.
Abstract:
La colite aiguë grave est un phénotype spécifique de poussée de rectocolite hémorragique caractérisé par une inflammation systémique associée à une diarrhée sanglante, associé à un risque de colectomie de 20 % et une mortalité de 1 %. On en sait peu sur la physiopathologie de la colite aiguë grave. Les micro-organismes ont été proposés comme déclencheurs de la colite aiguë grave en raison de la similitude entre ce phénotype et les colites infectieuses, en particulier la présence de l'inflammation systémique. De plus, le microbiote intestinal joue un rôle clé dans la protection contre les agents pathogènes et dans la physiopathologie de la rectocolite hémorragique. Nous avons émis l'hypothèse qu'un microbiote intestinal dysfonctionnel, caractérisé par un appauvrissement de sa diversité et la perte d'espèces bactériennes anti-inflammatoires, permettrait la prolifération d'un pathobionte dans la lumière colique, déclenchant une réponse inflammatoire systémique chez les hôtes dotés d'une immunité muqueuse intestinale permissive, conduisant ainsi à une colite aiguë grave.L'objectif général de notre étude était d'identifier le ou les composants du microbiote et les facteurs liés à l'hôte responsables de la colite aiguë grave. Nous avions trois objectifs spécifiques : (i) comparer le microbiote intestinal des patients atteints de colite aiguë grave à celui des patients présentant une poussée non sévère de rectocolite hémorragique en utilisant le séquençage du gène de l'ARNr 16S sur des échantillons de selles et des biopsies rectales. Les patients atteints de colite aiguë grave présentaient des altérations significatives de leur microbiote intestinal, caractérisées par une réduction de l'alpha-diversité, une présence accrue de Proteobacteria, en particulier de membres du genre Escherichia/Shigella, et une réduction de l'abondance des membres des familles Lachnospiraceae et Ruminococcaceae ; (ii) identifier les sous-types cellulaires et les voies impliquées dans l'inflammation de la 4 muqueuse intestinale chez les patients atteints de colite aiguë grave par rapport aux patients atteints de poussées de rectocolite hémorragique non sévère en utilisant un séquençage de l'ARN sur cellules uniques provenant de biopsies rectales. Dans les cas sévères, les plasmocytes présentaient un profil transcriptomique distinct avec une production accrue d'IgG, et la présence d’une population spécifique de lymphocytes T exprimant l'IL26 était augmentée par rapport aux cas non sévères. Les cellules immunitaires innées présentaient un profil pro-inflammatoire. À la fois, les lymphocytes T et les cellules immunitaires innées indiquaient un environnement muqueux pro-Th17 ; (iii) déterminer les voies de l'hôte qui sous-tendent la poussée inflammatoire systémique en utilisant le séquençage d'ARNm sanguin chez les patients atteints de colite aiguë grave par rapport aux patients atteints de poussées non sévères. Nous n'avons observé aucune distinction claire entre les cas graves et non graves et n'avons identifié aucune voie enrichie en gènes différentiellement exprimés. Cette observation suggère qu'en cas de colite aiguë grave, l'inflammation systémique est moins susceptible d'être orchestrée par des cytokines provenant de cellules circulantes mais plutôt provenant des cellules inflammatoires coliques. Cette étude apporte des informations sur les composants cellulaires et bactériens essentiels impliqués dans la physiopathologie de la colite aiguë grave. Ces résultats ouvrent des perspectives pour la recherche clinique future. Ils indiquent que les efforts pourraient s’orienter vers la modulation du microbiote, des interventions ciblées sur les plasmocytes ou une inhibition nuancée de l'axe Th17/IL-23 pour la gestion des patients atteints de colite aiguë graveAcute severe ulcerative colitis is a specific ulcerative colitis (UC) flare characterised by systemic inflammation on top of bloody diarrhoea, leading to a 20% risk of colectomy and 1% mortality risk. Little is known about acute severe ulcerative colitis pathophysiology. Microorganisms have been proposed as triggers for acute severe ulcerative colitis because of the similarity, most notably systemic inflammation, between this phenotype and infectious colitis. Moreover, gut microbiota are key players for protection against pathogens and in UC inflammation. We hypothesised that a dysfunctional gut microbiome, characterised by a lack of diversity and the loss of anti-inflammatory bacterial species, would allow the proliferation of a pathobiont in the colonic lumen eliciting a systemic inflammatory response in hosts with permissive gut mucosal immunity leading to an acute severe ulcerative colitis flare. The general objective of my study was to identify the microbiome component(s) and the host factors leading to acute severe ulcerative colitis. We had three specific aims: (i) to compare the gut microbiota of patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis compared to patients with a non-severe ulcerative colitis flare using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples and rectal biopsies. Patients with acute severeulcerative colitis displayed significant alterations in their gut microbiota, characterised by reduced alpha-diversity, an increased presence of Proteobacteria, particularly members of the Escherichia/Shigella genus, and a reduction in the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae family members; (ii) to identify the cellular subtypes and pathways involved in gut mucosal inflammation in acute severe ulcerative colitis patients compared to non-severe ulcerative colitis patients by single-cell RNA-Seq of rectal biopsies. In severe cases, plasmablasts exhibited a distinct transcriptomic profile with increased IgG production, 2and a specific T cell population expressing IL26 was expanded compared to non-severe cases. Innate immune cells displayed a pro-inflammatory profile. Both T cells and innate immune cells indicated a pro-Th17 mucosal environment; (iii) to determine the host pathways mediating the systemic inflammatory outburst using whole blood RNA-Seq in acute severe ulcerative colitis patients compared to non-severe ulcerative colitis patients. We found no clear distinction between severe and non-severe cases and did not identify any pathways enriched with differentially expressed genes. This observation suggests that in acute severe ulcerative colitis, the systemic inflammation is less likely to be orchestrated by cytokines originating from circulating cells but rather from inflammatory cells located in the colonic mucosa. This multi-omics study contributes valuable insights into the pivotal cellular and bacterial components involved in the pathogenesis of acute severe ulcerative colitis. These findings have the potential to guide future clinical research, directing efforts toward microbiome modulation, targeted interventions on plasmablasts, or nuanced inhibition of the Th17/IL-23 axis
2
Maldaun, Daisy 1944. "Analise qualitativa dos aspectos emocionais e vivenciais de pacientes idosos portadores de retocolite ulcerativa inespecifica em atendimento ambulatorial." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252522.
Abstract:
Orientadores: Zula Garcia Giglio, Juvenal Ricardo Navarro GoesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Desde a Antiguidade, sabe-se, através dos registros da História, que sentimentos e emoções apresentam uma ressonância no corpo. No decorrer dos séculos, o avanço da medicina permitiu o conhecimento da existência de mecanismos através dos quais as emoções podem dar origem ao processo do adoecer. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os aspectos emocionais como a ansiedade, o medo e a raiva de pacientes com idade entre 51 e 74 anos portadores de Retocolite Ulcerativa Inespecífica (RCUI) - doença inflamatória intestinal de etiologia desconhecida, bem como viabilizar os resultados desta pesquisa a familiares e profissionais da saúde, numa tentativa de mostrar sua relevância no surgimento e evolução da doença. Como método de pesquisa, optou-se pelo Clínico-Qualitativo. Foram estudados oito (08) casos de pacientes portadores de RCUI, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 51 e 74 anos. Como procedimento de investigação, foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas de questões abertas, levando em consideração a verbalização dos doentes em relação às mudanças ocorridas em suas vidas após o surgimento da doença. Quanto aos resultados, o referencial teórico utilizado para a sua interpretação foi baseado nos conceitos usuais da Psicologia Médica e da Medicina Psicossomática. e da Psicologia Compreensiva Explicativa e Fenomenológica de JASPERS,K. Considerou-se, após a avaliação dos aspectos emocionais desses pacientes através de seus depoimentos, que sua influência é relevante no desencadear e na evolução da RCUI. A psicoterapia, como um instrumento de ajuda e suporte ao tratamento clínico, deve colocar-se a serviço deste Ser doente e em prol da possibilidade de elaboração de uma nova forma de ele vivenciar a doença e seus conflitos, sejam quais forem os recursos de que ele dispõe para manifestá-los
Abstract: Ever since the early Ages, it is common knowledge that feelings and emotions resonate in the body. Throughout the centuries, the advance of medicine has brought to light the knowledge of existing mechanisms through which emotions can give rise to the process of getting sick. The objective of this study was to understand the emotional aspects, such as anxiety, fear and rage of patients aged between 51 and 74 with Unspecified Ulcerative Colitis, an inflammatory intestinal disease of unknown etiology. We also aim to make the results of the present study available to patients¿ family members and health professionals as a means to raise their awareness of the relevance of emotional aspects to the rise and evolution of the illness. The Method chosen to carry out the study was the Qualitative-Clinical Method; eight (08) patients of both sexes were studied. The investigative procedure consisted of semi-direct interviews of open questions; taking into consideration the patients¿ accounts on the changes occurred in their lives before and after the illness manifested itself. The theoretical reference point used for the interpretation of the results was based on the usual concepts of Medical Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine and of the Comprehensible Explanatory Psychology and Phenomenology of JASPERS, K. Following the evaluation of the emotional aspects these patients mentioned in their testimonials, we concluded that they have great influence on the manifestation of the illness, and that psychotherapy, as an instrument of support for the clinical treatment, should be applied to offer them a new means of understanding the causes of their suffering in the search for a way to deal with the disease and the conflicts it brings along, regardless of which resources they may have available to do so
Mestrado
Gerontologia
Mestre em Gerontologia
3
Luchini, Ana Carolina. "Avaliação dos efeitos da cumarina e da 4-hidroxi-cumarima e de diferentes associações com a sulfassalazina no modelo de colite induzida por ácido trinitrobenzenosulfônico (TNBS) em ratos /." Botucatu, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102429.
Abstract:
Orientador: Luiz Claudio Di StasiBanca: Célia Akiko Hiruma
Banca: Claudia Helena Pellizzon
Banca: Alessandra Gambero
Banca: Marcelo Aparecido da Silva
Resumo: As cumarinas representam uma importante classe de compostos fenólicos com inúmeras propriedades farmacológicas que incluem inibição da peroxidação lipídica, da geração de ânion superóxido dependente de neutrófilos, da citotoxicidade induzida por hidroperóxido de ácido linoleíco, da atividade de lipooxigenases e ciclooxigenases, além de agirem como agentes imunossupressores e antiinflamatórios. Todas estas propriedades são essenciais para que um produto seja potencialmente ativo para o tratamento das doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII). A sulfassalazina (primeira opção terapêutica no tratamento das DII) possui vários efeitos colaterais, especialmente quando usada em altas doses ou em períodos longos de tratamento. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar se cumarina e 4-hidroxi-cumarina possuem efeitos preventivos e/ou curativos no modelo de colite induzida por ácido trinitrobenzenosulfônico (TNBS) em ratos e também se as associações de cumarina ou 4-hidroxi-cumarina com doses menores de sulfassalazina produzem efeitos antiinflamatórios com menor incidência de efeitos colaterais decorrentes da administração da sulfassalazina. Além disso, foram feitos estudos complementares para verificar se tais cumarinas modulam a produção de citocinas próinflamatórias em cultivos celulares in vitro e ex vivo. Este estudo testou a atividade antiinflamatória dos compostos-testes cumarina (2,5 a 50mg/Kg) e 4-hidroxicumarina (5 a 50mg/Kg) e das associações de cumarina com a sulfassalazina (C5+S5; C5+S15 e C5+S25) ou da 4-hidroxi-cumarina com a sulfassalazina (4-OHC25+S5, 4-OHC25+S15 e 4-OHC25+S25) em duas condições experimentais distintas: quando a mucosa colônica está intacta (efeito preventivo); quando a mucosa colônica está afetada por um processo inflamatório intestinal (efeito curativo) assim como preventivo da recidiva do processo inflamatório ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Coumarins comprise an important class of phenolic compounds with many pharmacological properties that includes inhibition of membrane lipid peroxidation, inhibition on neutrophil-dependent superoxide anion generation, inhibition on the linoleic acid hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity, and inhibition on cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities, which could result in antiinflammatory and immunosuppressant effect. Those are some desired features for a candidate compound in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). On the other hand, the IBD are life persisting diseases with unpredictable episodic reactivations and difficult treatment in severe cases. Sulfasalazine, the first choice drug in the treatment of mild to moderately active IBD cases, presents serious side effects when used in high doses or in long-term treatment. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of coumarin and 4-hydroxy-coumarin in rat experimental intestinal inflammation. Additionally, we evaluated the possibility of coumarins association to sulfasalazine in rat intestinal inflammatory conditions. For this purpose, the antiinflammatory activity of test compounds, coumarin (2.5 to 50mg/kg) and 4-hydroxy-coumarin (5 to 50mg/kg) and associations of coumarin with sulfasalazine (C5 plus S5, C5 plus S15, C5 plus S25) or 4-hydroxy-coumarin with sulfasalazine (4-OHC25 plus S5, 4-OHC25 plus S15 and 4-OHC25 plus S25) were tested in the model of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) induced rat colitis in two different experimental conditions: when the colonic mucosa is intact (preventive effect), and when a previous inflammatory damage is caused to the colonic mucosa (curative effect), additionally to a reactivation of the inflammatory process (relapse prevention). The colonic damage was evaluated macroscopically, histologically and biochemically. For cell cultures evaluation of cytokine ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
4
Hartmann, Renata Minuzzo. "O efeito antioxidante da Boswellia serrata no modelo experimental de colite induzida por ácido acético." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/70400.
Abstract:
Introdução: A retocolite ulcerativa indeterminada é uma doença inflamatória que envolve exclusivamente o cólon e o reto, sendo caracterizada por infiltrado leucocitário e úlceras superficiais na mucosa intestinal. A produção e liberação de espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio parecem ser cruciais na determinação da fisiopatologia da doença, pois resultam em dano oxidativo. A partir dessas informações, a busca por opções terapêuticas com propriedades antioxidantes são importantes e têm sido testadas na colite experimental. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do extrato seco da planta Boswellia serrata em modelo experimental de colite induzida por ácido acético sobre os danos teciduais, a pressão anal esfincteriana, o estresse oxidativo, a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD) e glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e atividade da glutationa (GSH), a concentração dos metabólitos do óxido nítrico e expressão da enzima óxido nítrico sintase induzível (iNOS) por imunohistoquímica. Material e métodos: Foram utilizados 25 ratos Wistar machos, com peso médio de 350g, divididos em 5 grupos: Controle (CO); Controle+Boswellia serrata (C+B); Colite (CL); Colite+Boswellia serrata (CL+B) e Boswellia serrata+Colite (B+CL). Os animais foram submetidos à administração intracolônica por enema com solução de ácido acético diluído a 4% e com volume de 4 mL. O tratamento com o extrato aquoso da planta via oral, na dose de 34,2 mg/Kg diluído em 4 mL de solução fisiológica, ocorreu uma vez ao dia durante 48 horas antes e após a indução da colite. Foi realizada a medida de pressão anal esfincteriana dos animais. As análises histológicas do intestino foram através da coloração de Hematoxilina-Eosina e realizada imunohistoquímca com anticorpo iNOS. O homogeneizado do intestino foi utilizado para avaliação da lipoperoxidação (LPO) através das substâncias reativas ao acido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), avaliação dos metabólitos do óxido nítrico pela técnica de nitritos e nitratos totais, avaliação da atividade das enzimas antioxidantes SOD e GPx e avaliação da GSH. Resultados: Na análise da pressão anal esfincteriana os animais dos grupos CL+B e B+CL apresentaram um aumento significativo em relação ao grupo CL. Nos níveis de LPO e metabólitos do óxido nítrico foi observada uma diminuição significativa nos grupos CL+B e B+CL quando comparados ao grupo CL. A atividade da SOD mostrou um aumento no grupo CL e uma diminuição significativa nos grupos CL+B e B+CL equivalendo à média do grupo CO. A GPx e GSH apresentaram um aumento significativo nos grupos CL+B e B+CL em relação ao grupo CL. Conclusão: Sugerimos que a administração do extrato da planta Boswellia serrata possa ser uma possibilidade de terapia antioxidante na colite ulcerativa.Introduction: Ulcerative rectocolitis is an inflammatory disease that involves only the colon and rectum, being characterized by leukocyte infiltrate and superficial ulcers in the intestinal mucosa. The production and release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species appears to be crucial in determining the pathophysiology of the disease, since both result in oxidative damage. Therefore, the search for treatment options with antioxidant properties is important currently and has been tested in experimental colitis. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dry extract of Boswellia serrata plant in an experimental model of colitis induced by acetic acid on tissue injury, anal sphincter pressure, oxidative stress, on the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH), concentration of nitric oxide metabolites and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme (iNOS) by immunohistochemistry. Methods: We used 25 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 350g, divided into 5 groups: control (CO), Control + Boswellia serrata (CO+B); Colitis (CL); Colitis + Boswellia serrata (CL+B) and Boswellia serrata + colitis (B+CL). The animals were submitted to intracolonic administration by enema with acetic acid solution diluted to 4% in a volume of 4 ml. The treatment with aqueous plant extract was performed orally at a dose of 34.2 mg/kg diluted in 4 ml of saline. The administration occurred once daily for 48 hours before and after the induction of colitis. We performed the measurement of anal sphincter pressure animals. Histological analyzes of bowel the after were made staining with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry, performed with iNOS antibody. The homogenized intestine was used for evaluation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), assessment of nitric oxide metabolites by the technique of total nitrites and nitrates and evaluation of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPx and GSH. Results: The analysis of anal sphincter pressure of the animals in groups CL+B and B+CL showed a significant increase when compared to the CL group. LPO and nitric oxide metabolites levels demonstrated significant decrease in groups CL+B and B+CL when compared to CL. SOD activity showed an increase in CL group and a significant decrease in groups CL+B and B+CL, remainig to the average of the CO group. The GPx and GSH showed a significant increase in groups CL+B and B+CL group when compared to CL group. Conclusion: We suggest that the administration of Boswellia serrata plant extract may be a possibility of antioxidant therapy in ulcerative colitis.
5
Almeida, Maristela Gomes de. ""Estudo da microbiota intestinal em doentes com retocolite ulcerativa antes e após retocolectomia com anastomose de bolsa ileal ao canal anal"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5154/tde-19102005-160653/.
Abstract:
Este estudo tem como objetivo, descrever a microbiota intestinal de pacientes com retocolite ulcerativa grave, em tratamento clínico, antes e após retocolectomia com anastomose de bolsa ileal ao canal anal. Comparou-se a flora bacteriana do íleo terminal e do reto no pré-operatório com a flora encontrada na bolsa ileal após dois e oito meses do fechamento da ileostomia e com a flora do íleo terminal e do reto de um grupo controle. Observou-se que a Veillonella sp foi a bactéria mais freqüentemente encontrada em todos os grupos. Não houve diferenças significativas entre a flora intestinal do grupo controle e dos pacientes com retocolite ulcerativaThe aim of this study is to describe the intestinal microbiota of patients with severe ulcerative colitis, under clinical treatment, before and after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Intestinal flora of distal ileum and rectum before surgery was compared with the flora found in ileal pouch after two and eight months after ileostomy closure and with the flora of distal ileum and rectum of controls. Veillonella sp was the most frequent microorganism found in all groups. There were no significant differences between the intestinal microbiota found in controls and in patients with ulcerative colitis
6
Thomas, Gareth Andrew Osbert. "Nicotine therapy for ulcerative colitis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309526.
7
Pullan, Rupert Derek. "Colonic mucus and ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358954.
8
Burke, Denis Anthony. "Ulcerative colitis and Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309075.
9
Finnie, Ian A. "Mucosal metabolism and ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342167.
Abstract:
The relationship between human colonic mucosal metabolism and mucin synthesis was explored, with particular reference to ulcerative colitis (UC) and pouchitis. A hypothesis was proposed, that UC and pouchitis result from impaired metabolism of butyrate, and that the outcome of this metabolic event was reduced mucosal protection via effects on mucin synthesis. The study aims were to assess mucosal metabolism in the ileum and colon in controls and in UC, and to assess the effects of agents that are effective therapy for UC on metabolism as measured by mucin synthesis. In histologically normal colonoscopic mucosal biopsies cultured in vitro, the rate of metabolism of butyrate was similar in the ascending (AC) and descending colon (DC). There was a higher rate of metabolism of glutamine in the ascending colon, in agreement with previous work which stressed the relatively greater dependence of the distal colon on butyrate as an energy source. The terminal ileum (TI), in controls had a surprisingly high rate of metabolism of butyrate, significantly higher than the AC, glutamine metabolism in controls was also greater than in the AC. In ulcerative colitis (UC) the most striking change in epithelial metabolism was an increase in the rate of glutamine metabolism in the descending colon. The rates of butyrate metabolism in UC were similar to those in controls, the ratio of butyrate:glutamine metabolism was non-significantly lower in the descending colon in UC as a result of the increased rate of glutamine metabolism. Rates of metabolism in the terminal ileum were similar in UC and controls. Butyrate, at concentrations that are likely to be physiologically and pharmacologically relevant, significantly increased mucin synthesis in colonic mucosal explants from histologically normal and diseased (UC) tissue. Glucocorticoids and nicotine similarly increased colonic mucin synthesis, whereas mineralocorticoids were without effect.
10
Hearing, Stephen David. "Steroid resistance in ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324259.
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Rembacken, Björn Joakim. "Escherichia coli and ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29440.
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Stewénius, Jan. "Ulcerative colitis and indeterminate colitis in a defined population." Malmö : Dept. of Surgery and the Dept. of Community Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, 1995. http://books.google.com/books?id=DBJsAAAAMAAJ.
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Thomson, John M. "Colonic mucosal microbiota in ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540443.
Abstract:
This thesis has addressed both the possibility of a potential pathogenic organism, or a shift in the mucosal microbial community, associated with UC. Firstly by developing a dual molecular technique to detect Helicobacteraceae species in colonoscopic biopsies from the human colon alongside attempting to culture these organisms and secondly by assessing the mucosal colonic microbiota in both detail by the construction of phylogenetic clone libraries and broadly by comparison of DGGE profiles between inflamed and uninvolved mucosa during active disease. The dual molecular approach demonstrated that enterohepatic Helicobacter prevalence was significantly higher in the UC cohort compared to controls (30 of 77 versus 2 of 59, p<0.0001). These findings suggest that these species, for which there is significant evidence from animal models for initiation of colonic inflammation, warrant consideration as potential pathogenic entities in UC. Detailed assessment of the colonic mucosal microbial community by the construction of clone libraries in this thesis revealed a wide variation in the constituents of the microbiota between individuals making comparisons between groups difficult with the small numbers of subjects. Comparison of DGGE profiles between inflamed and uninvolved mucosa indicated differences in only 12 of the 36 subjects. Analysis to identify factors associated with this showed a statistically significantly relationship with no bowel preparation prior to the colonoscopy, 5ASA therapy, and antibiotic treatment but not with mucosal state or extent of disease, suggesting that it is not the inflammation itself that results in the microbial shifts seen between the inflamed and uninvolved mucosa in active UC.
14
Parente, José Miguel Luz 1959. "Características demográficas e fenótipos clínicos das doenças inflamatórias intestinais no Nordeste do Brasil." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312761.
Abstract:
Orientador: José Murilo Robilotta ZeituneTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: Doença de Crohn (DC) e Retocolite Ulcerativa Idiopática (RCUI) são as duas principais doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII), cuja prevalência é mais expressiva no norte da Europa, Estados Unidos da América e Canadá. Mais recentemente, elas passaram a ser detectadas em frequência crescente em todos os continentes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as características demográficas e fenótipos clínicos dos pacientes com DII no Nordeste brasileiro, referentes à época da confirmação do diagnóstico. Casuística e Método: Este é um estudo descritivo e transversal, o qual foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da UFPI. Foram incluídos censitariamente os pacientes com DII que faziam seguimento clínico em serviços especializados de hospitais universitários em todas as capitais do Nordeste do Brasil. As variáveis analisadas foram: as características demográficas e socioeconômicas, e os dados clínicos de DC e RCUI de acordo com a classificação de Montreal. As análises estatísticas incluíram: média, mediana e desvio padrão para variáveis quantitativas; teste do qui-quadrado (c2) de Pearson para análise das variáveis qualitativas. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Foram incluídos 913 indivíduos com DII, sendo 486 (52,1%) com RCUI, 412 (44,2%) com DC e 35 (3,7%) com colite não classificada (CNC). A idade dos pacientes variou de 8 anos a 83 anos, média de 37,9 (DP = 14,4) anos, sendo 469 (50,3%) mulheres. Em todo o período estudado (1975 ¿ 2013), o atraso na confirmação diagnóstica foi de 31,0 meses. As características preponderantes dos pacientes com DC, segundo a classificação de Montreal foram: idade entre 17 e 40 anos (A2), localização com envolvimento de cólons (L2) e comportamento inflamatório (B1). Para os pacientes com RCUI, houve predomínio de pacientes com idade entre 17 e 40 anos e extensão da doença até ângulo esplênico (E2). Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que houve expressivo aumento na frequência de DC e RCUI na região Nordeste do Brasil nos últimos trinta anos
Abstract: Introduction: Usually, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), have been described in northern Europe, United States of America and Canada. In the last decades, IBD frequency has been also increased in all continents. The aim of the study was to analyze the demographic characteristics and clinical phenotypes of IBD in the northeastern of Brazil, according to the time of the diagnosis. Casuistic and methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which was approved by the Institutional Ethics and Research Committee. We included patients who were undergoing medical treatment for IBD in specialized centers in the Federal University Hospitals from all Northeasthern areas in Brazil. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were analyzed, as well as clinical data of CD and UC according to the Montreal classification. Statistical analyses included mean, median and standard deviations for quantitative variables, and the Pearson chi-square (c2) test for qualitative variables. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results: A total of 913 patients with IBD were included, 486 (52,1%) with UC, 412 (44,2%) with CD and 35 (3,7%) with unclassified colitis (UnC). The ages ranged from 8 years to 83 years, mean 37.9 (SD = 14.4) years. Of the total, 469 (50.3%) were women. Throughout the study period (1975 ¿ 2013), the delay in diagnosis confirmation was 31.0 months. The predominant characteristics of CD patients, according to the Montreal classification were: age between 17 and 40 years (A1); colon location (L2); and inflammatory behavior (B1). For patients with UC, there was a predominant age between 17 and 40 years, and left colitis (E2). Conclusion: This study showed that there was significant increase in the frequency of IBD (CD and UC) in northeastern of Brazil over the past thirty years
Doutorado
Medicina Interna
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
15
Fabia, Renata. "Ulcerative and experimental colitis pathophysiology as basis for therapeutic intervention /." Lund : Dept. of Surgery, Lund University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39798563.html.
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Eaden, Jayne Alison. "Colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29610.
Abstract:
The magnitude of the colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in ulcerative colitis (UC) was determined in the first meta-analysis of all 116 studies reporting the risk. For any patient with UC the risk was 2% at ten years, 8% at twenty years and 18% after thirty years. The risk was greater in children, varied geographically and has fallen since 1955. A case-control study of 204 patients across the United Kingdom demonstrated regular aminosalicylate therapy reduced cancer risk by 75% (p<0.00001). Mesalazine was particularly effective reducing risk by 81% (p=0.006). Visiting a hospital doctor more than twice a year and attending regular colonoscopies also reduced risk (84% and 78%). A family cancer history increased risk five fold. A reliable, self administered questionnaire measuring patient knowledge was developed. No correlation was found between patient knowledge and the risk of developing CRC. A randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of a video (scripted and produced by the author) vs. an information leaflet on patient knowledge. This established that both media improved knowledge (71% and 49%) but neither intervention was significantly more effective than the other. The first nationwide audit of surveillance practices amongst gastroenterologists ascertained 94% of consultants practiced surveillance but it was extremely disorganized and considerable disagreement existed concerning the management of dysplasia. A new immunohistochemical marker for dysplasia (CYP1B1) was investigated. Although CYP1B1 showed faint staining in dysplastic tissues, it was inconsistent and presently would not improve identification of dysplasia. The CRC risk in UC is significant and may be modified through regular consumption of aminosalicylates. Resources may be better allocated at improving compliance with such medication and targeting surveillance on high risk patients. Standardization of surveillance through national guidelines is needed urgently.
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Hartley, Margaret Gillian. "The mucosa-associated flora in ulcerative colitis." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302786.
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Kolida, Sofia. "Prebiotic applications in health and ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414520.
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Mawdsley, Joel Evan David. "Psychological stress and hypnosis in ulcerative colitis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1540.
Abstract:
Previous studies suggest that life events and chronic stress increase the risk of relapse in inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, experimental stress has been shown to worsen inflammation in animal models of colitis. Hypnotherapy is effective for functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and claimed by some patients to improve ulcerative colitis (UC). Two major hypotheses are tested in this thesis: i) Psychological stress can worsen inflammation via its effects on various systemic and rectal mucosal inflammatory variables in quiescent UC. ii) Relaxation achieved through hypnosis can reduce inflammation via its effects on various systemic and mucosal inflammatory variables in active UC. Patients with UC and healthy controls underwent an experimental stress test, hypnotherapy session or control procedure. Various systemic and, in patients with UC, rectal mucosal inflammatory measures were assessed before and after each procedure. The major findings are as follows: i) In patients with inactive UC, acute experimental stress increased LPS stimulated TNF-a and IL-6 production by whole blood. Stress also increased leukocyte count, Natural Killer (NK) cell count, platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregate (PLA) formation. At the mucosal level, stress increased TNF-a in perimucosal fluid, and mucosal ROM production; it reduced rectal mucosal blood flow (RMBF). ii) In patients with active UC, one session of hypnotherapy reduced serum IL-6 concentration and caused a transient reduction in NK cell numbers. At the mucosal level, hypnotherapy caused a reduction in the concentration in peri-mucosal fluid of Substance P, histamine and IL-13 and reduced RMBF. iii) Chronic stress, as assessed by psychometric questionnaires,d id not affect the response to acute experimental stress. iv) There was no difference between the responses of patients with UC and healthy volunteers to any protocol. In conclusion, stress increased, whilst hypnotherapy reduced various inflammatory measures at both the systemic and mucosal level in patients with UC. These effects might contribute to the reported adverse effects of stress and therapeutic efficacy of hypnotherapy in UC.
20
Patel, Rajan Kumar. "Immunological responses following surgery in ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/33/.
Abstract:
The role of serum autoantibodies, soluble adhesion molecules, plasma and mucosal cytokines were studied following surgery for ulcerative colitis (UC). A high prevalence of ANCA was found in UC but not in Crohn’s disease. ANCA positive UC sera were found to recognise a variety of antigens, namely lactoferrin, cathepsin G, enolase and elastase. Confocal microscopy revealed maximum immunofluorescence for P-ANCA to emanate from the intranuclear and not the extra-(peri) nuclear portion of the neutrophil, as currently believed. AECA, like ANCA, are also found in UC, suggesting immunological similarities with systemic vasculitis. Perhaps, UC represents a gut limited vasculitis. Persistance of ANCA, AECA, anti-EPI and antitropomyosin antibodies in the sera, several years following total colectomy, suggests that immunological mechanisms are not halted, by total colectomy. Soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and E-Selectin, but not VCAM-1, were found to be useful markers of disease activity in UC. Plasma levels of cytokines do not reflect disease activity, however, there is similar quantitative expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by isolated mucosal mononuclear cells in both active UC and pouchitis, but not in nonspecific proctitis, which seems to suggest that pouchitis is not merely a complication of ileoanal pouch surgery but, that it represents reactivation of UC in ileal mucosa, which has undergone villous atrophy and colonic metaplasia.
21
Fennessy, Michael Joseph. "Investigation of mRNA sequences in ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35294.
Abstract:
After decades of research into the epidemiology, microbiology and immunology of ulcerative colitis (UC) the aetiology has still not been elucidated. An alternative approach is to compare gene expression in mucosa affected by UC with that of normal mucosa. Differentially expressed genes may elucidate the cells and processes involved in the disease. Such genes may be reliable markers of disease which facilitate diagnosis and provide an avenue for further research. In this thesis mRNA expression in normal and UC mucosa was compared by screening a cDNA library prepared from UC mucosa with cDNA probes with the aim of identifying abnormally expressed mRNAs. cDNA probes, including subtracted probes, were prepared from normal mucosa and mucosa affected by quiescent and active colitis. Differentially hybridising clones were screened with a spleen cDNA probe which failed to eliminate immunological sequences. With the exception of one sequence that could not be identified, all differentially hybridising clones were either immunoglobulin or mitochondrial genes. K and light-chain and IgG heavy-chain were all overexpressed in active disease. Using in situ hybridisation, the signal was localised in the lamina propria. IgA heavy-chain could be either overexpressed or underexpressed in UC, possibly reflecting the degree of ulceration of the epithelium, beneath which the IgA plasma cells were localised. Mitochondrial sequences were overexpressed in quiescent colitis but underexpressed in active disease. Using in situ hybridisation, signals were localised in the crypt bases probably representing proliferating cells. However, RNA dot blot hybridisation was unable to confirm that mitochondrial sequences and the unidentified sequence were consistently abnormally expressed in other cases of UC. Finally, enriched cDNA was generated by repeated subtraction with appendix mRNA/cDNA and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Analysis of the enriched cDNA demonstrated substantial loss of immunoglobulin sequences. In conclusion, the only informative sequences were immunoglobulin sequences which confirmed previous findings. Screening of immunoglobulin-subtracted cDNA may overcome this problem.
22
Kennedy, Ashley Jenna. "The Assessment of Polyphenols in Ulcerative Colitis." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555567162329623.
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Santos, Rachael Miranda dos. "O telecuidado no tratamento das doenças inflamatórias intestinais: ensaio clínico randomizado." Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/5894.
Abstract:
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Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial
As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII), apresentam uma crescente incidência mundial, são crônicas, progressivas, podendo se tornar graves. Esse estudo objetivou: Avaliar a efetividade do telecuidado dos pacientes portadores de Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais, comparado ao tratamento ambulatorial convencional; Realizar telecuidado a um grupo de pacientes a partir do Índice Simples de Harvey-Bradshaw para Doença de Crohn (DC), e do Índice Clínico Simples de Atividade da Colite para Retocolite ulcerativa (RCU), acompanhando a flutuação de score, assim como; Avaliar a incidência de complicações relacionadas a DII, no grupo telecuidado pelo enfermeiro e no grupo controle dos pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais da Policlínica Piquet Carneiro. Método: Ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado com tempo de seguimento de 24 semanas. A amostra foi de 176 voluntários. A coleta de dados ocorreu de abril a outubro de 2016. O desfecho primário do estudo foi a redução do índice de atividades da DII dos pacientes telecuidados e os desfechos secundários foram a redução de complicações relacionadas a doença. A pesquisa foi submetida, aprovada e registrada no Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto parecer 1.598990, e pelo Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos com registro RBR-7t8fv7. Resultados: Os grupos foram homogêneos quanto às características sociodemográficas e clínicas. A população é tipicamente de mulheres (61,4%), brancas (47,26%), com idade média 44,7 anos. Quanto ao diagnóstico (54,5%) DC e (45,5%) RCU. As principais comorbidades foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (36,4%) e diabetes mellitus (10,3%). E quanto à evolução ao longo de 24 semanas de tratamento, o grupo telecuidado apresentou maiores taxas de remissão da doença (97,7%), e menor escore de atividade da doença (1,7). Assim como maior adesão as condutas orientadas pela equipe multiprofissional do que o grupo controle. Os experimentados com baixo peso, tiveram sua classificação aproximada a faixa de normalidade. Conclusão: o telecuidado apresentou maior efetividade que o tratamento convencional no controle de atividade das DII
The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), a growing global impact, are progressive, chronic and may become severe. This study aimed to: Assess the effectiveness of the telenursing of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, compared to the conventional outpatient treatment; Perform telenursing to a group of patients from the Simple Index of Harvey-Bradshaw to Crohn's disease (ad), and Simple Clinical index of activity of colitis for ulcerative rectocolitis (RCU), following the score, as well as fluctuation; To evaluate the incidence of complications related to IBD in the telecuidado group by the nurse and in the control group of patients seen in inflammatory bowel disease clinic of Piquet Carneiro Polyclinic. Method: randomized controlled trial with follow-up time of 24 weeks. The sample was of 176 volunteers. Data collection occurred from April to October 2016. The primary outcome of the study was the reduction in the index of activities of the IBD of telecare patients and the secondary outcomes were the reduction of complications related to the disease. The research was submitted, approved and registered in the Committee of Ethics in Research of the Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto opinion 1.598990, and by the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials with registry RBR-7t8fv7. Results: The groups were homogeneous regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The population is typically female (61.4%), white (47.26%), with a mean age of 44.7 years. Regarding the diagnosis (54.5%), DC and (45.5%) RCU. The main comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension (36.4%) and diabetes mellitus (10.3%). Regarding the evolution over 24 weeks of treatment, the telecution group presented higher rates of disease remission (97.7%), and lower disease activity score (1.7). As well as greater adhesion the conducts guided by the multiprofessional team than the control group. Those with low weight, had their classification close to the normal range. Conclusion: telenursing was more effective than conventional treatment in the control of IBD activity
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Socca, Eduardo Augusto Rabelo 1981. "Efeitos de antocianinas monoméricas de Sambucus nigra L. sobre modelo de colite ulcerativa induzida por TNBS." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314720.
Abstract:
Orientador: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza BritoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Retocolite ulcerativa idiopática e doença de Crohn são doenças inflamatórias intestinais caracterizadas por inflamação crônica da mucosa, resultando em diarréia, fezes sanguinolentas, dores abdominais, anemia, febre, fadiga e perda de peso, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Acredita-se que essas manifestações sejam resultado de uma interação multifatorial envolvendo indivíduos geneticamente susceptíveis, condições ambientais específicas, desbalanço na microflora intestinal e desajuste da resposta imune. Drogas derivadas do acido 5-aminossalicilico (sulfassalazina, mesalamina), corticosteroides e agentes imunomoduladores são utilizadas, em conjunto no tratamento dessas patologias. No entanto tais drogas apresentam efeitos adversos importantes, o que acaba por motivar pesquisas envolvendo produtos naturais como alternativas de tratamento. Neste contexto, este trabalho avaliou os efeitos de antocianinas presentes nos frutos de Sambucus nigra L. (sabugueiro), espécie arbustiva pertencente a família Adoxaceae, em modelo de colite ulcerativa induzida pelo acido 2,4,6-trinitrobenzeno sulfônico (TNBS). Os frutos do sabugueiro apresentam grandes concentrações de metabolitos secundários como antocianinas, alem de outros compostos fenólicos, que acabam por conferir aos frutos propriedades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatorias, imunomoduladoras e laxativas. Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas as propriedades antioxidantes e anti-inflamatorias da fração de antocianinas monoméricas presentes nos frutos de S. nigra. Os resultados comprovaram o efeito antioxidante in vitro das antocianinas, sendo elas eficazes em reduzir tanto o radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), teste que avalia a redução do radical via transferência de elétrons, quanto a taxa de oxidação do radical 2,2 azobis amidinopropano (AAPH), teste que verifica a oxidação do radical via transferência de átomos de hidrogênio. Nos ensaios in vivo concluiu-se que a dose de 5mg.Kg-1 de antocianinas apresentou a melhor resposta em reduzir a lesão causada pelo TNBS, sendo efetiva em manter os níveis de GSH (5,709 ± 0,931) comparado ao grupo TNBS (0,8525 ± 0,298) e ao grupo salina (6,610 ± 3,926). Essas antocianinas foram efetivas ainda em aumentar a atividade da SOD (8,487 ± 2,505), quando comparada com o grupo TNBS (3,884 ± 0,925) e ao grupo salina (12,240 ± 4,199), e reduzir a atividade da MPO (4,519 ± 2,016), quando comparada ao grupo TNBS (7,572 ± 2,572) e ao grupo salina (1,314 ± 0,319). Os resultados obtidos na avaliação da atividade das enzimas GPx (17,03 ± 3,951 no grupo tratado e 22,13 ± 11,510 no grupo TNBS) e GR (0,6524 ± 0,1180 no grupo tratado e 0,7249 ± 0,3968 no grupo TNBS), comparados ao grupo salina (84,22 ± 41,88) e (2,131 ± 0,9858) respectivamente, indicam que houve queda na ativação destas enzimas apos 24h de indução da colite, sendo que esta situação não foi revertida apos administração das antocianinas. Do mesmo modo não foram encontradas alterações nos níveis de LPO (5,756 ± 1,884 no grupo tratado e 5,113 ± 0,8254 no grupo TNBS) comparados ao grupo salina (4,688 ± 1,126) . Já os ensaios anti-inflamatórios revelaram atividade antiinflamatória promissora, visto que as antocianinas foram capazes de manter os níveis de IL-10 (466,7 ± 56,32) próximos aqueles obtidos no grupo não-colitico (492,4 ± 154,5), quando comparados ao grupo TNBS (264,8 ± 66,35), e de reduzir a produção de IL-12 (202,3 ± 53,33) quando comparados com os animais não tratados (319,3 ± 111,5) e ao grupo salina (149,8 ± 51,76). Neste estudo concluiu-se que as antocianinas presentes nos frutos de sabugueiro apresentam atividade antioxidante, alem de aumentar os níveis de IL-10, citocina essa que, provavelmente, participa na redução dos níveis de citocinas pro - inflamatórias como IL-12 e, consequentemente, a expressão de mediadores inflamatórios
Abstract: Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the mucosa, resulting in diarrhea, bloody stools, abdominal pain, anemia, fever, fatigue and weight loss in both men and women. It is believed that these manifestations are the result of a multifactorial interaction involving genetically susceptible individuals, environmental conditions, imbalance in intestinal microflora and immune response imbalance. Drugs derived from 5-aminosalicylic acid (sulfasalazine, mesalamine), corticosteroids and immunomodulatory agents are used together to treat these diseases. However, such drugs have significant adverse effects, which ultimately motivate research involving natural products as alternative treatments. In this context, this study evaluated the effects of anthocyanins in the fruits of Sambucus nigra L. (Elderberry), shrub species belonging to the family Adoxaceae, in a model of ulcerative colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenes sulfonic acid (TNBS). The fruits of elderberry have large concentrations of secondary metabolites such as anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds, which ultimately give the fruit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and laxative properties. In this study we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the monomeric anthocyanins fraction in the fruits of S. nigra. The results confirmed the in vitro antioxidant effect of anthocyanins, which were effective in reducing both the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test to evaluate the reduction of the radical via electron transfer and the rate of oxidation 2,2 azobis amidinopropane (AAPH), a test that checks radical oxidation via the transfer of hydrogen atoms. In vivo tests concluded that the dose of anthocyanins 5mg.Kg-1 had the best response to reduce the damage caused by TNBS, being effective in maintaining the levels of GSH (5.709 ± 0.931) compared to TNBS group (0, 8525 ± 0.298) and the saline group (6.610 ± 3.926). These anthocyanins were also effective in increasing the activity of SOD (8.487 ± 2.505) compared with the TNBS group (3.884 ± 0.925) and the saline group (12.240 ± 4.199), and reduce the activity of MPO (4.519 ± 2.016) when compared to TNBS group (7.572 ± 2.572) and the saline group (1.314 ± 0.319). The results obtained in the enzymatic activities of GPx (17.03 ± 3.951 in the treated group and 22.13 ± 11.510 in group TNBS) and GR (0.6524 ± 0.1180 in the treated group and 0.7249 ± 0.3968 TNBS group) compared to saline group (84.22 ± 41.88) and (2.131 ± 0.9858) respectively, indicate that there was a decrease in the activation of these enzymes after 24h of colitis induction. Likewise there were no changes in the levels of LPO (5.756 ± 1.884 in the treated group and 5.113 ± 0.8254 in group TNBS) compared to saline group (4.688 ± 1.126). The anti-inflammatory assays have shown promising antiinflammatory activity, whereas anthocyanins were able to maintain levels of IL-10 (466.7 ± 56.32) than those obtained in non-colitis group (492.4 ± 154 , 5), when compared to TNBS group (264.8 ± 66.35), and reduce the production of IL-12 (202.3 ± 53.33) compared with untreated animals (319.3 ± 111 , 5) and the saline group (149.8 ± 51.76). In this study it was concluded that anthocyanins present in elderberry fruits have antioxidant activity, and increased levels of IL-10, this cytokine, which probably participates in reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and consequently the expression of inflammatory mediators
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
25
Tai, Kin-ki Emily. "Defining the protective role of cathelicidin on ulcerative colitis in mice." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203542.
26
Samson, Helen Joanne. "Human faecal proteinases and changes in ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333989.
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Smithson, John Edmund. "Regional heterogeneity in the colon and ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294578.
28
Pitcher, Maxton Charles Leighton. "Sulphate-reducing bacteria, sulphur metabolism and ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263562.
29
Chen, Jo-Hua. "Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Evidence Based Consensus Statements." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17592.
Abstract:
Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Evidence Based Consensus Statements Abstract Inroduction: Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a potentially life-threatening complication of ulcerative colitis. Intravenous corticosteroid use has significantly improved the mortality rate. However, colectomy rates have remained stable due to limited adoption of rescue medical therapies. Given this and the uncommon but serious nature of the condition, consensus statements based on a systematic review of the literature may assist in the improved outcome of patients with ASUC. Method: The Delphi method was used in the development of the consensus statements. A steering committee generated the statements of interest. Five levels of agreement were used: A: agree completely; B: agree with minor reservation; C: agree with major reservation; D: reject with some reservation, E: reject completely. ≥80% agreement of level A and B determined acceptance of statements. Three rounds of anonymous voting were carried out to achieve the final results. Level of evidence and grade of recommendation were endorsed following further discussion. Results: A total of 33 statements were developed. From 22 multi-disciplinary clinicians, there was 100% agreement for 24 out of 33 statements; 80-99% for 6 statements; and 3 statements were rejected. Key recommendations include that patients with ASUC should be: hospitalised, undergo unprepared flexible sigmoidoscopy to assess severity and to exclude cytomegalovirus colitis, and be provided with venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and intravenous hydrocortisone 100mg 3 or 4 times daily with close monitoring by a multidisciplinary team. Rescue therapy such as infliximab or cyclosporin should be started if insufficient response by day 3, and colectomy considered if no response to 7 days of rescue therapy or earlier if deterioration. With such an approach it is expected that colectomy rate during admission will be below 30% and mortality less than 1% in specialist centres. Conclusion: These evidenced-based consensus statements on ASUC developed by a multidisciplinary group provide up-to-date best practice recommendations that improve and harmonise management as well as provide auditable quality assessments.
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Chebli, Liliana Andrade. "Azatioprina no tratamento de pacientes com colite ulcerativa córtico-dependente: resultados e fatores preditivos de resposta." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2009. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4945.
Abstract:
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Colite ulcerativa é uma condição inflamatória imuno-mediada da mucosa colônica, caracterizada por curso intermitente e recorrente. Corticosteróides permanecem como uma das terapias mais efetivas para induzir remissão em pacientes com colite ulcerativa moderada a severa. Todavia, corticosteróides não são usados como terapia de manutenção, principalmente porque os efeitos colaterais indesejáveis superam seus possíveis benefícios. Além disso, em um ano, menos da metade dos pacientes com colite ulcerativa que requerem corticosteróides terão resposta sustentada, aproximadamente um terço dos pacientes necessitarão de colectomia e um quarto não tolerarão a retirada do mesmo sem que apresentem recidiva da doença. Assim, dependência de corticóides em paciente com colite ulcerativa é problema clínico fundamental e manutenção da remissão sem esteróides é uma importante meta terapêutica no presente. Em pacientes com colite ulcerativa córtico-dependente, usualmente é colocado a escolha entre colectomia ou escalonamento do tratamento clínico, o qual tradicionalmente envolve a prescrição de droga imunossupressora. A terapia com tiopurinas tem tido amplo uso neste cenário na prática clínica. Entretanto, estudos avaliando a eficácia da azatioprina (AZA) na colite ulcertiva córtico-dependente são escassos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar em pacientes com colite ulcerativa dependente de esteróides, a eficácia da AZA na manutenção da remissão clínica sem esteróides, bem como os possíveis fatores associados à resposta sustentada a esta droga. Neste estudo de coorte observacional, pacientes adultos com colite ulcerativa dependente de esteróides foram recrutados para tratamento com AZA durante o período de 12 meses. AZA foi ajustada para a dose alvo de 2-3 mg/Kg/dia. A redução da dose de esteróides durante o estudo seguiu um esquema previamente padronizado. A avaliação primária de eficácia foi a taxa anual de pacientes que alcançaram resposta sustentada a AZA sem esteróides. Avaliações secundárias incluíram o número anual de recorrências clínicas, dose mediana de esteróides utilizadas durante o ano e segurança do tratamento. O total de 42 pacientes foi incluído. Na análise intenção de tratar, a proporção de pacientes permanecendo em remissão sustentada sem esteróides no final de 12 meses foi de 0,55. Observou-se significante redução na taxa de recorrências clínicas, assim como no requerimento de esteróides durante 12 meses de tratamento com AZA quando comparado com o ano anterior ao uso desta droga. (P=0,000 para ambas as comparações). Apenas a duração da doença < 36 meses antes do início da AZA foi associada à remissão clínica sem esteróides (P=0,02, OR 3,12 95% IC 1,89-7,64). AZA foi bem tolerada e o seu perfil risco-beneficio favorável. AZA mostrou eficácia sustentada para a manutenção da remissão clínica sem esteróides, bem como efeito poupador de esteróides durante 12 meses de terapia em pacientes com colite ulcerativa dependente de esteróides. Os pacientes com colite ulcerativa de início mais precoce são aqueles que mais provavelmente alcançarão remissão sustentada sem esteróides durante o uso de AZA.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a lifelong, immune-mediated inflammatory condition of the colonic mucosa, which is characterized by a relapsing and remitting course. Corticosteroids remain one of the most effective therapies for inducing remission in patients with moderate-to-severe UC. Nonetheless, corticosteroids are not used in maintenance therapy, mainly because undesirable side effects outweigh the possible benefits. Furthermore, at one year, less than half of UC patients who require steroids have a sustained response, nearly one-third of patients require colectomy, and approximately a quarter is unable to support its withdrawal without relapsing. Thus, corticosteroid dependence in patients with UC is a pivotal clinical problem and maintenance of steroid-free remission is an important current evolving treatment goal. Patients with steroid dependent UC are usually given a choice between colectomy or stepped-up medical treatment, which traditionally involves prescription of an immunosuppressive drug. Thiopurine therapy has found widespread use for this setting in clinical practice. However, studies assessing the efficacy of azathioprine (AZA) in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis (UC) are scarce. The purpose of this trial was to explore the efficacy of AZA in maintaining steroid-free remission in steroid-dependent UC patients as well as the factors associated to sustained response. In this observational cohort study adult subjects with steroid-dependent UC were recruited for AZA therapy during a 12 months period. AZA was adjusted for a target dose of 2-3 mg/Kg/day. Steroid therapy was tapered off following a standardized regimen. The primary endpoint was the rate of patients with sustained steroid-free response to AZA at the end of 12 months. Secondary endpoints included clinical recurrence, yearly steroid dose, and safety of treatment. A total of 42 patients were included. On an intention-to-treat basis, the proportion of patients remaining in sustained steroid-free remission at 12 months was 0.55. A significant decrease in the flare-ups rate as well as in requirement for steroids were observed during 12 months while on AZA compared with the previous year (P=0.000). Only disease duration of <36 months before the initiation of AZA was associated to off-steroids remission (P=0.02, OR 3.12 (95% CI 1.89-7.64)). AZA was well tolerated and its benefit-risk profile favorable. AZA showed sustained efficacy for maintenance of clinical remission off steroids and steroid sparing through 12 months of therapy in patients with steroid dependent UC. Patients with earlier UC are those who most probably will have sustained steroid-free remission while on AZA.
31
Marcelino, Monica Yonashiro. "Emprego de terapia celular em modelo experimental de doença inflamatória intestinal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-05022013-091331/.
Abstract:
Pretendeu-se, no presente estudo, verificar a segurança e a eficácia do transplante de células-tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo (ASC) em ratos com UC induzida por ácido trinitrobenzenosulfonico (TNBS). A população celular foi isolada do tecido adiposo por dissociação mecânica e cultivada. O comportamento celular foi verificado por meio da morfologia, proliferação, viabilidade, capacidade de aderência à superfície plástica e parâmetros de diferenciação osteogênica, condrogênica e adipogênica. Os animais foram avaliados, considerando-se os aspectos clínicos, macroscópicos, microscópicos e bioquímicos. No modelo experimental de UC, a infusão de ASC reduziu significativamente a presença de aderências entre o cólon e órgãos adjacentes, bem como diminuiu a quantidade de células inflamatórias na mucosa lesada. Conclui-se que as ASC podem promover e/ou acelerar o processo de regeneração da mucosa intestinal inflamada e assim, serem empregadas como uma opção terapêutica com amplo potencial de aplicabilidade no tratamento da DII.It was intended in this study verify the safety and efficacy of the transplantation of adipose derived stem cells (ASC) in rats with ulcerative colitis induced by trinitrobenzenosulfonico acid (TNBS). The cell population was isolated from the adipose tissue by mechanical dissociation and cultured. The cell behavior was verified by the morphology, proliferation, viability, ability to adhere to the plastic surface and parameters of osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic and chondrogenic. The animals were evaluated, considering the aspects clinical, macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical. In experimental ulcerative colitis, infusion of ASC significantly reduced the presence of adhesions between the colon and adjacent organs and decreased the amount of inflammatory cells in the injured mucosa. It is concluded that the ASC can promote and/or accelerate the healing process of the intestinal mucosa inflamed and thus be employed as a therapeutic option with wide potential application in the treatment of IBD.
32
Rutter, Matthew David. "Improving colonscopic surveillance for colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419930.
33
McKay, Damian. "Butyrate and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in ulcerative colitis." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528019.
34
Alkhalil, Samia. "Bacterial involvements in ulcerative colitis : molecular and microbiological studies." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/bacterial-involvements-in-ulcerative-colitis(5c179812-c6d9-497a-bf39-45fa3a59f045).html.
Abstract:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a series of disorders characterised by chronic intestinal inflammation, with the principal examples being Crohn’s Disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). A paradigm of these disorders is that the composition of the colon microbiota changes, with increases in bacterial numbers and a reduction in diversity, particularly within the Firmicutes. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) are believed to be involved in the etiology of these disorders, because they produce hydrogen sulphide which may be a causative agent of epithelial inflammation, although little supportive evidence exists for this possibility. The purpose of this study was (1) to detect and compare the relative levels of gut bacterial populations among patients suffering from ulcerative colitis and healthy individuals using PCR-DGGE, sequence analysis and biochip technology; (2) develop a rapid detection method for SRBs and (3) determine the susceptibility of Desulfovibrio indonesiensis in biofilms to Manuka honey with and without antibiotic treatment. Mucosal biopsy DNA from 4 colitis patients and one healthy individual was used to amplify 16S rRNA fragments, which were separated either by DGGE or by molecular cloning prior to sequencing, and dissimilatory sulphite reductase (dsr) gene fragments, which were cloned and sequenced. The number of bands separated by DGGE varied from 3 to 12 for an individual. The profiles from the UC patients had a greater similarity than the one from the healthy individual. In total, 25 bands were excised for sequence analysis but only 4 produced usable sequences. The 16S rRNA gene library comprised250 clones, the sequences of which showed great changes in diversity from the healthy individual to the UC patients. The sequences from the healthy individual represented members of the Bacteroidetes, Clostridiaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae,Coriobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae, whereas those form the UC patients comprise only members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The library for the dsr gene comprised 30 clones, with sequences from the healthy individual representing members of the Desulfobacteraceae (45%), and the Desulfovibrionaceae (33%), with minor components from the Desulfohalobiaceae, Desulfomicrobiaceae and Desulfonatronaceae. Sequences from the UC patients were less diverse, being composed primarily of Desulfovibrionaceae sequences. Oligonucleotide probes targeting SRB and other bacterial species found to be involved in UC were developed or selected from published sources. Cassettes with multiple probes were used to evaluate the hybridisation probes for inclusion in a biochip. Validatedprobes (23), with similar binding profiles, were then used to assess the levels of SRB and other bacteria associated with UC in healthy control and UC patient’s samples. The DNA from the healthy individual gave a strong hybridisation signal for Desulfovibrio piger, and weaker signals for Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and a Clostridium species, whereas the signals Desulfobacter and Desulfovibrio gigas were present in all of the samples from the UC patients. Signals were also recorded for species of Fuscobacterium, which have been implicated in colitis. In this investigation, procedure for rapid detection and quantification of SRB was developed. The SRB growth was monitored in the presence and absence of Escherichiacoli BP, the copy number of the dsrA and adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate reductase (aps) genes was detected in DNA and RNA purified from different ages of SRB culture using TaqMan qPCR. The result showed that in the presence of E.coli BP enhanced the growth of SRB and allowed the detection of SRB in low dilutions comparing with the growth of SRB only. E. coli and SRB are both implicated in colonic infections. They pose several mechanisms for immune evasion and antibiotic resistance, one of these being their ability to grow in a biofilm. The present investigation has highlighted that Manuka honey and antibiotic treatment might have a protective role against SRBs and enteric bacteria. However, mixed bacterial population in biofilms exhibit greater resistance to both treatments, and this needs to be taken into account when devising a treatment based on ingestion of honey. The present investigation were conducted as a baseline study for determination the role of SRB in the pathogenesis of colitis through the use of novel methodology allowing for rapid detection and screening investigations into species and genera of interest present in colonic mucosa; that may allowed in further investigation to evaluate the bacterial role in UC through extensive studies in broad multinational cohort of patients suffering from this UC.
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Picton, Rhian. "Hydrogen sulphide toxicity : an aetiological factor in ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395590.
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Kakiuchi, Nobuyuki. "Frequent mutations converging into NFKBIZ signalling in ulcerative colitis." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253200.
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Nanakin, Apichart. "Expression of the REG 4 gene in ulcerative colitis." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135853.
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Furfaro, F. "LATE-ONSET ULCERATIVE COLITIS: THE IG-IBD 'AGED STUDY'." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/359596.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND & AIMS: With increasing incidence, late-onset UC represents an important
issue for the near future, but its outcome and relative therapeutic strategies are yet poorly addressed.
This study has been undertaken to better define the natural history of late-onset ulcerative colitis.
METHODS: In a multicenter retrospective study, disease presentation and course in the first 3
years after diagnosis were investigated in 1,091 UC patients divided into three age groups
(diagnosis ≥65 years, 40-64 years, and <40 years). Disease patterns, medical and surgical therapy
and relative risk factors for outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS: Chronic active or relapsing disease accounts for 44% of patients with late onset UC. In
all groups, these disease patterns require 3 to 7-fold more steroids than remitting disease, but
immunomodulators and, to a lesser extent, biologics are less frequently prescribed to the elderly.
Advanced age, concomitant diseases and related therapies were found to be inversely associated
with the use of immunomodulators or biologics, but not with surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Disease onset followed by a mild course was more frequent in patients
diagnosed with UC ≥65 years, but a generalized assumption that late-onset UC follows a mild
course may apply only to a subset of patients. A sizeable number of elderly patients present with
more aggressive disease. Since steroid use and surgery rates did not differ in this subgroup, lower
use of immunosuppressive therapy and biologics may reflect concerns in prescribing such therapies
in the elderly.
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Chebli, Liliana Andrade. "Eficácia e segurança da azatioprina no tratamento de longo prazo de pacientes com colite ulcerativa córtico-dependente." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2074.
Abstract:
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Colite ulcerativa é uma doença inflamatória intestinal idiopática da mucosa colônica caracterizada clinicamente por episódios intermitentes de exacerbações alternados com períodos de remissão. Os corticosteroides permanecem como uma das drogas mais efetivas no tratamento das exacerbações moderadas a graves da colite ulcerativa. Entretanto, eles não são adequados para terapia de manutenção devido à falta de eficácia na prevenção de recorrências. Além disso, seu uso associa-se frequentemente com vários efeitos adversos e, aproximadamente, 25% dos pacientes que respondem aos corticosteroides serão incapazes de tolerar sua retirada sem que apresentem recorrências sintomáticas. Consequentemente, ―dependência de esteróides‖ em pacientes com colite ulcerativa é um problema de grande relevância na prática e manutenção da remissão sem esteróides é meta importante a ser alcançada. Diversas modalidades terapêuticas podem ser empregadas em pacientes com colite ulcerativa córtico-dependente (CUCD). Tradicionalmente, a escolha é entre a cirurgia ou o escalonamento do tratamento clínico, que geralmente envolve o uso de imunossupressores. O tratamento com azatioprina (AZA) tem tido amplo uso neste cenário. Entretanto, estudos no longo prazo avaliando a eficácia da AZA na CUCD são inexistentes. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar em pacientes com CUCD, a eficácia da AZA no longo prazo para manutenção da remissão clínica sem esteróides, bem como a segurança desta droga neste contexto. Neste estudo de coorte prospectivo observacional, pacientes adultos com CUCD foram recrutados para tratamento com AZA durante o período de 36 meses. AZA foi ajustada para a dose alvo de 2-3 mg/Kg/dia. A redução da dose de esteróides durante o estudo seguiu um esquema previamente padronizado. A avaliação primária de eficácia foi a taxa anual de pacientes que alcançaram resposta sustentada a AZA sem esteróides. Resposta sustentada foi definida como a retirada completa dos corticosteroides e manutenção da remissão clínica sem a necessidade de se reintroduzir esteróides durante pelo menos seis meses adicionais. As principais avaliações de eficácia secundária foram: dose cumulativa anual de esteróides, número anual de recorrências da colite após introdução da AZA e efeitos adversos. Em base intenção de tratar, a proporção de pacientes permanecendo em remissão sem esteróides em 12, 24, e 36 meses foi 0.55, 0.52, e 0.45, respectivamente. Significante diminuição na taxa de recidivas clínicas assim como no requerimento para esteróides foram observados durante três anos de tratamento com AZA comparado com o ano prévio (P=0.000 para ambos). Pacientes com e sem resposta sustentada foram similares de acordo com demografia, extensão da doença, dose de AZA, uso de esteróides e 5-ASA. Apenas a duração menor da doença (<36 meses) associou-se à remissão sem esteróides (P=0.02, OR 3.12 95% IC 1.89-7.64). AZA foi bem tolerada e o perfil risco-benefício favorável. Neste estudo, AZA mostrou eficácia sustentada para manutenção da remissão clínica sem esteróides e para poupar esteróides durante três anos de terapia em pacientes com CUCD. Pacientes com colite ulcerativa de início mais recente são aqueles que mais provavelmente alcançarão remissão sustentada sem esteróides no final de 12 meses enquanto em uso de AZA. Isto parece se manter por até 36 meses.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a lifelong, immune-mediated inflammatory condition of the colonic mucosa, which is characterized by a relapsing and remitting course. Corticosteroids remain one of the most effective therapies for inducing remission in patients with moderate-to-severe UC. Nonetheless, corticosteroids are not used in maintenance therapy, mainly because undesirable side effects outweigh the possible benefits. Furthermore, approximately 25% of the patients is unable to support its withdrawal without relapsing, suggesting that the need to start steroid therapy in UC is associated with a dismal long-term prognosis. Thus, corticosteroid dependence in patients with UC is a pivotal clinical problem and maintenance of steroid-free remission is an important current evolving treatment goal. Patients with steroid dependent UC are usually given a choice between colectomy or stepped-up medical treatment, which traditionally involves prescription of an immunosuppressive drug. Azathioprine (AZA) therapy has found widespread use for this setting in clinical practice. However, studies assessing the efficacy of azathioprine in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis (SD-UC) are scarce. The purpose of this trial was to explore the efficacy and safety of AZA in maintaining long-term steroid-free remission in SD-UC patients and the factors associated to sustained response. In this observational cohort study 42 subjects with SD-UC were recruited for AZA therapy during a 3-year period. AZA was adjusted for a target dose of 2-3 mg/Kg/day. Steroid therapy was tapered off following a standardized regimen. The primary endpoint was the annual rate of steroid-free response to AZA. Secondary endpoints included clinical recurrence, yearly steroid dose, and safety of treatment. On an intention-to-treat basis, the proportion of patients remaining in steroid-free remission at 12, 24, and 36 months was 0.55, 0.52, and 0.45, respectively. A significant decrease in the flare-ups rate and in requirement for steroids were observed during 3 years on AZA compared with the previous year (P=0.000 for both). Patients with and without sustained response were comparable according to demographics, extent of disease, dose of AZA, steroids and 5-ASA use. Only disease duration <36 months was associated to off-steroids remission (P=0.02, OR 3.12 95% CI 1.89-7.64). The AZA benefit-risk profile was favorable. In this open-label observational trial AZA showed sustained efficacy for maintenance of clinical remission off steroids and steroid sparing through 3 years of therapy in SD-UC. Patients with earlier UC are those who most probably will have sustained steroid-free remission at the end of 12 months while on AZA. This appears to sustain until 36 months.
40
Silva, Marcos Vinicius da. "Efeito da colite ulcerativa experimental sobre o receptor P2X7 no sistema nervoso entérico de ratos wistar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42131/tde-15032012-160340/.
Abstract:
No trato digestório a colite ulcerativa apresenta necrose no intestino como processos patofisiológicos. Este projeto visou estudar neurônios com códigos químicos do sistema nervoso entérico (SNE) e a morfologia estrutural do intestino grosso de animais com colite ulcerativa. Grupos: a) Colite: injetados com TNBS, b) PBS: injetados com PBS e c) controle. Os tecidos foram preparados por métodos imunohistoquímicos de duplas marcações do receptor P2X7 com NOS, ChAT, Calb, Calr, anti-HuC/D (pan-neuronal) e S100 (células glias). No grupo Colite, no plexo mioentérico, o receptor P2X7 estava diminuído. No tecido lesado apresentou aumento de neutrófilos e da lâmina própria, alteração de colágeno e destruição do epitélio e células caliciformes. Reduziram colocalizações de neurônios com receptor no plexo mioentérico e aumento no plexo submucoso. Houve reduções nas densidades e áreas dos neurônios no SNE. Conclui-se que a colite afetou os neurônios entéricos e células gliais, causou alterações morfológicas, sendo assim, pode afetar motilidade intestinal.In the digestive tract ulcerative colitis have a bowel necrosis as pathophysiological processes. This project aimed to study neurons with their respective chemicals codes the enteric nervous system (ENS) as well as structural morphology of the distal colon of animals with ulcerative colitis. Groups: a) colitis: TNBS injected, b) PBS: PBS injected and c) control. The tissues were prepared by immunohistochemical methods for double marking with P2X7 receptor, ChAT, Calb, Calr, anti-HUC / D (pan-neuronal) and S100 (glial cells). In the colitis group, the myenteric plexus, the P2X7 receptor decreased. In the injured tissue showed increased neutrophils, alteration and destruction of collagen and epithelial goblet cells. There were reduced colocalizations of neurons with receptor in myenteric plexus and increase in submucosal plexus. There were reductions in the densities and areas neurons of ENS. Concluded that colitis affected enteric neurons and glial cells, causing morphological changes and could be affect intestinal motility.
41
Kornfeld, Dan. "Inflammatory bowel disease : risk factors for adverse outcomes, and preventive measures /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/19971105korn.
42
Fenero, Camila Ideli Morales. "Estudo do modelo de inflamação intestinal induzida por TNBS em larvas de Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-09122015-123622/.
Abstract:
As doenças inflamatórias intestinais são caracterizadas por uma desregulação na resposta imune contra a microbiota. O zebrafish, tem emergido como um novo modelo para o estudo de doenças inflamatórias. Os ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCCs) são produtos da microbiota intestinal, que possuem papéis antiinflamatórios e aparecem como uma das possíveis terapias contra doenças inflamatórias. A implementação do modelo de inflamação intestinal induzido pelo ácido trinitrobenzenesulfônico (TNBS) em larvas de zebrafish aumentou a mortalidade de forma dose-dependente. Se observou dilatação do lúmen com alisamento das vilosidades intestinais. Não se detectaram mudanças na produção de muco nem no número de células caliciformes mas teve um leve aumento da apoptóse e diminuição da proliferação, nos expostos ao TNBS. Teve aumento de células mielóides infiltrantes e de citocinas inflamatórias, assim como disbiose da microbiota. O tratamento com AGCCs gero alta mortalidade a concentrações acima de 10 mM, mas existe ação anti-inflamatória a esta mesma concentração.Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by a dysregulation in immune response against microbiota. The zebrafish has emerged as a new model for the study of inflammatory diseases. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of the intestinal microflora, which have anti-inflammatory roles and appear as a possible therapy against inflammatory diseases. The implementation of intestinal inflammation model induced by trinitrobencenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in zebrafish larvae, increased mortality in a dose-dependent manner. Was observe dilatation lumen and straightening of the intestinal villi. No changes were detected in the production of mucus or in the number of goblet cells but had a slight increase in apoptosis and decreased proliferation in exposed to TNBS. Also has, increased cytokines and infiltrating myeloid cells, and dysbiosis of the microbiota. Treatment with SCFAs generate high mortality above 10 mM concentrations, but there anti-inflammatory action to this same concentration.
43
Fraser, Keely Gabrielle. "Impact of macronutrient restriction and probiotic supplementation on protein synthesis and growth in a piglet model of dextran sulphate-induced colitis." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99178.
Abstract:
A dextran sulphate (DS) model of ulcerative colitis was used to examine the effects of macronutrient restriction with (MR+PRO) and without (MR) probiotic supplementation (VSL#3RTM) on protein metabolism and growth. MR and MR+PRO decreased weight and chest circumference gain, but had no effect on linear growth of piglets. MR decreased the protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of liver, masseter, longissimus dorsi, colon, as well as plasma albumin, measured by stable isotope tracer L-[ring-2H 5]phenylalanine. MR+PRO increased the FSR of hepatic proteins by greater than 70% and increased both the FSR and absolute synthesis rate (ASR) of the total plasma protein pool, albumin and fibrinogen. Over 11 days, MR+PRO piglets showed a smaller decrease in plasma total protein concentrations than WN piglets, and maintained higher albumin levels than either WN or MR piglets. These findings highlight the importance of adequate nutrition during gastrointestinal inflammation and show that when food intake is decreased, probiotics stimulate liver protein synthesis and increase the acute phase protein response, similar to the well-nourished state.
44
Tai, Kin-ki Emily, and 戴健琦. "Defining the protective role of cathelicidin on ulcerative colitis in mice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203542.
45
Patel, Maleene. "Characterisation of microRNAs in ulcerative colitis and colitis associated cancer for use as potential biomarkers." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40526.
Abstract:
Introduction: Patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing Colorectal Cancer termed Colitis Associated Cancer (CAC). They are monitored via a colonoscopy based screening programme. This is resource intensive, invasive, potentially harmful and can miss dysplastic precursor lesions. Accurate biomarkers are therefore required for surveillance purposes in order to prompt early surgical intervention. MicroRNAs (miRNAS) are short non-coding RNAs responsible for regulating genes at a post-transcriptional level that have shown the ability to act as diagnostic biomarkers. Aim: Conduct a feasibility study to profile microRNAs in the colonic mucosa and plasma of patients with Ulcerative Colitis and identify aberrantly expressed miRNAs related to disease progression. Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients with CAC was first characterised to ensure suitability for sequential biomarker discovery from archived colonic mucosal samples. High throughput miRNA microarray profiling was employed as a screening tool to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in a discovery cohort. MiRNAs of interest were subsequently validated using RT-qPCR in an independent cohort. The experiments were repeated using two cohorts of plasma samples collected prospectively from patients undergoing colonoscopic surveillance. Results: Within the colonic mucosa the expression of miR-21 and miR-135b was significantly increased in both dysplastic and CAC tissues when compared to normal and chronic UC tissue. MiR-18a and miR-31 appear to distinguish the CAC cases from normal. MiR-375 expression was significantly up-regulated in the circulation of patients with CAC. Colonic tissue and plasma profiles were found to differ. Conclusion: There is differential expression of miRNAs in both the colonic mucosa and plasma of patients with UC when compared to CAC, Combining different miRNAs increased their ability to differentiate between the disease states. MiRNAs show biomarker potential, and future potential screening blood test will likely be based on a panel of miRNAs. Further validation in larger cohorts is required.
46
Hjortswang, Henrik. "A strategy for health assessment : the case of ulcerative colitis /." Linköping Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/med767s.pdf.
47
Hyde, Gillian Mary. "Tyrosine kinase activation by intestinal bacteria : implications for ulcerative colitis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391626.
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Robson, K. F. "The employment experiences of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease sufferers." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541996.
Abstract:
This study examines how inflammatory bowel disease sufferers manage the comparatively routine and regimented task of working given the intermittent and unpredictable nature of the condition. It addresses a lack of qualitative research on social aspects of IBD, and is also an empirical study on the body that explores the experience of a specific chronic illness, relating these issues to embodied social regulations that apply more generally. A postal questionnaire was administered to 400 members of a local patient support network, and from these, 21 interviews were conducted. In addition an email-based `virtual focus group' was developed and administered to reflect and harness active computer mediated support networks for IBD sufferers. Most do disclose information about their condition at work, and profess to prefer this over non-disclosure. Reasons for decisions about disclosure relate to the organisation and running of the workplace, how well the condition could be explained, how apparent the condition was, possible impacts on others' perceptions of them, and motivations to `be honest'. Disclosure strategies are identified which are associated with two styles of talking about the condition. `Event' accounts are based on events (e. g. medical treatment) marking out the course of the condition, while `physical' accounts draw primarily on felt experiences of symptoms. Three elements define capacity to work: condition severity, work environment factors and role status factors. Translating this capacity into full and competent worker status depends largely on whether work tasks can be performed without the breaking of social rules relating to the natural functions. The study demonstrates the importance of work in the lives of sufferers, and examines conditions that allow or prevent successful functioning at work. These factors rest primarily with neither medical aspects of the condition, nor social aspects arising from them, but from a complex and fluid dynamic constituted by both. iv
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Walsh, Alissa. "TrueColours : real time data collection in patients with ulcerative colitis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a4ab55af-5364-4fa4-86ca-e84b917d7f70.
Abstract:
This thesis details the adaptation and evaluation of an e-health software platform known as TrueColours (originally developed by the Oxford Department of Psychiatry for treating bipolar disorder) for use in ulcerative colitis (UC). The resulting web-based programme, TrueColours UC, is capable of recording symptoms, quality of life (QoL), biomarkers, blood, endoscopic and histopathological results as well as internationally agreed patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The approach involved a pilot followed by qualitative analysis of system usability and quantative analysis of symptom patterns and decision-making to develop a predictive index. TrueColours UC was piloted for 6 months in 66 patients. Feasibility testing revealed adherence rates to daily and fortnightly questionnaires of 76% and 95% respectively. The retention rate at 6 months was 86%. Mixed methods analysis on system usability identified minor areas for improvement. Qualitative interviews revealed that by using TrueColours UC, patients felt empowered, expressed by an increased awareness, control over decision-making, reassurance and communication. Logistic regression models for predicting escalation of therapy at an outpatient appointment were developed. These models revealed that remotely collected symptom information can largely predict whether escalation of therapy will occur. External validation is necessary, but this model has the potential to improve resource utilisation. Analysis of longitudinal repeated measurements allowed novel exploration of validated indices for symptoms and QoL. A simulation model estimated the information loss that occurs when intervals between data entry are increased. A new method for phenotyping disease pattern was identified. Cut-off levels for faecal calprotectin in remission and active disease are proposed. Involving patients in collecting PROMs has the potential to change disease management pathways, identify patients for trials and provide insight into the biology of the disease.
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Kleinman, Joshua. "Polyphenol intake by food group in the ulcerative colitis population." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555457246762338.