Academic literature on the topic 'UDP package'
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Journal articles on the topic "UDP package"
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Rahman, Arif Maulana, Henki Bayu Seta, and Ria Astriratma. "Perancangan Bot Untuk Monitoring Server Dari Serangan Distributed Denial Of Service Menggunakan JSON WEB Token." Informatik : Jurnal Ilmu Komputer 16, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.52958/iftk.v16i2.2008.
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Untuk mengamankan sebuah server diperlukan sistem monitoring agar meminimalisir resiko jika terjadi percobaan intrusi. Contoh serangan yang dapat mengancam server adalah serangan DDOS (Distributed Denial of Service). Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, diperlukan sebuah bot untuk melakukan monitoring server dari serangan DDOS, dalam penelitian ini difokuskan serangan DDOS berjenis UDP Flooding dan SYN Flooding. Monitoring server memanfaatkan bot untuk mendeteksi serangan DDOS berjenis UDP Flooding dan SYN Flooding dengan membatasi jumlah paket yang dikirimkan kepada port yang dibuka oleh server, apabila jumlah paket yang dikirimkan lebih dari 100 paket per detik maka bot akan mengidentifikasi pengiriman tersebut sebagai serangan. Penerapan metode JSON Web Token agar bisa dioperasikan oleh bot admin server yakni dengan mengimplementasikan package JSON Web Token pada bot lalu memanggil fungsi encode agar JSON Web Token dapat melakukan enkripsi pada klaim yang berisikan data penyerang oleh bot, sehingga bot admin server dapat mengamankan klaim yang akan dikirimkan ke admin server.
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Razi, Fakhrur, Ipan Suandi, and Fahmi Fahmi. "Energy Consumption Optimization by Increasing The Processor Speed of Moving Communication Devices in Transport Layer Protocol." Jurnal Litek : Jurnal Listrik Telekomunikasi Elektronika 16, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30811/litek.v16i2.1316.
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The energy efficiency of mobile devices becomes very important, considering the development of mobile device technology starting to lead to smaller dimensions and with the higher processor speed of these mobile devices. Various studies have been conducted to grow energy-aware in hardware, middleware and application software. The step of optimizing energy consumption can be done at various layers of mobile communication network architecture. This study focuses on examining the energy consumption of mobile devices in the transport layer protocol, where the processor speed of the mobile devices used in this experiment is higher than the processor speed used in similar studies. The mobile device processor in this study has a speed of 1.5 GHz with 1 GHz RAM capacity. While in similar studies that have been carried out, mobile device processors have a speed of 369 MHz with a RAM capacity of less than 0.5 GHz. This study conducted an experiment in transmitting mobile data using TCP and UDP protocols. Because the video requires intensive delivery, so the video is the traffic that is being reviewed. Energy consumption is measured based on the amount of energy per transmission and the amount of energy per package. To complete the analysis, it can be seen the strengths and weaknesses of each protocol in the transport layer protocol, in this case the TCP and UDP protocols, also evaluated the network performance parameters such as delay and packet loss. The results showed that the UDP protocol consumes less energy and transmission delay compared to the TCP protocol. However, only about 22% of data packages can be transmitted. Therefore, the UDP protocol is only effective if the bit rate of data transmitted is close to the network speed. Conversely, despite consuming more energy and delay, the TCP protocol is able to transmit nearly 96% of data packets. On the other hand, when compared to mobile devices that have lower processor speeds, the mobile devices in this study consume more energy to transmit video data. However, transmission delay and packet loss can be suppressed. Thus, mobile devices that have higher processor speeds are able to optimize the energy consumed to improve transmission quality.Key words: energy consumption, processor, delay, packet loss, transport layer protocol
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Li, Sheng Kun, and Xue Song Wang. "Design of Ethernet Interface Based on FPGA and W5300." Key Engineering Materials 503 (February 2012): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.503.402.
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In order to give consideration to the speed and distance of data transmission, we design and put forward a design of ethernet interface based on FPGA and W5300, in which we achieve the high-speed ethernet connectivity between equipment and terminal device. UDP unicast mode is adopted in ethernet interface, and high-quality transmission medium is used to ensure the reliability of transmission link. It is proved that, the interface, with characteristics of relatively high-speed and long-distance, is relatively reliable and almost no package lost.
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Yao, Jia Xin. "The Improvement of Massive Amount of Data Information Transmission UDP Protocol in Poor Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.734.
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This paper provided a method and implementation technique about massive amount of data information transmission based on a variety of problems of the UDP communication in poor network. We provided a method based on several deficiencies of traditional method, which could remove the task that would keep the data package transmission in the correct order to receiver in order to reduce the communication burden and improve the stability and efficiency of transmission. A large number of actual tests proved that the improve protocol can transmit the massive amount of data information good although the network speed is below 10K/S which showed the practical value.
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Kartadie, Rikie. "Performance Test of Openflow Agent on Openflow Software-Based Mikrotik RB750 Switch." Scientific Journal of Informatics 3, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sji.v3i2.7987.
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A network is usually developed by several devices such as router, switch etc. Every device forwards data package manipulation with complicated protocol planted in its hardware. An operator is responsible for running configuration either to manage rules or application applied in the network. Human error may occur when device configuration run manually by operator. Some famous vendors, one of them is MikroTik, has also been implementing this OpenFlow on its operation. It provides the implementation of SDN/OpenFlow architecture with affordable cost. The second phase research result showed that switch OF software-based MikroTik resulted higher latency value than both mininet and switch OF software-based OpenWRT. The average gap value of switch OF software-based MikroTik is 2012 kbps lower than the value of switch OF software-based OpenWRT. The average gap value of throughput bandwidth protocol UDP switch OF software-based MikroTik is 3.6176 kBps lower than switch OF software-based OpenWRT and it is 8.68 kBps lower than mininet. The average gap throughput jitter protokol UDP of switch OF software-based MiktoTik is 0.0103ms lower than switch OF software-based OpenWRT and 0.0093ms lower than mininet.
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Faizah, Nurul, Siti Ummi Masruroh, and Ivan Gustra Manca Armenia. "Performance Comparison of AODV and AOMDV Protocol Routing with TCP and UDP on Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (Manet) Using Malicious Node (Blackhole Attack)." MULTINETICS 5, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/multinetics.v5i2.1447.
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Transmission package delivery can be a problem of routes on the network, one of them is the Wireless network. Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) topology is often used on Wireless networks. The existence of a malicious node is a threat to MANET. Package delivery uses AODV and AOMDV Protocol Routing in TCP and UDP packet transmission. This study uses a simulation method using NS2, NAM and AWK. The Quality of Service (QoS) parameters used are throughput, packet loss, and jitter. Simulations are carried out using malicious nodes, the results on the AOMDV TCP graph have the highest input values and the best packets but are difficult to minimize energy, while for the TCP jitter values graph is best because it has a flow control function that can adjust the trajectory. The results in AOMDV TCP have the highest input value and the best packet loss but it is difficult to minimize energy, while for TCP value jitters it is best because it has a flow control function that can adjust the trajectory
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Alshameri, Aref, Fahad Al-Qurainy, Abdel-Rhman Gaafar, Salim Khan, Mohammad Nadeem, Saleh Alansi, Hassan O. Shaikhaldein, and Abdalrhaman M. Salih. "Identification of Differentially Expressed Drought-Responsive Genes in Guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub]." International Journal of Genomics 2020 (December 4, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4147615.
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Drought remains one of the most serious environmental stresses because of the continuous reduction in soil moisture, which requires the improvement of crops with features such as drought tolerance. Guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub], a forage and industrial crop, is a nonthirsty plant. However, the information on the transcriptome changes that occur under drought stress in guar is very limited; therefore, a gene expression analysis is necessary in this context. Here, we studied the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to drought stress and their metabolic pathways. RNA-Seq via an expectation-maximization algorithm was used to estimate gene abundance. Subsequently, an Empirical Analysis of Digital Gene Expression Data in the R Bioconductor package was used to identify DEGs. Blast2GO, InterProScan, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to explore functional annotation, protein analysis, enzymes, and metabolic pathways. Transcription factors were identified using the PlantTFDB database. Our study identified 499 upregulated and 191 downregulated genes in response to drought stress. Of those, 32 upregulated and six downregulated genes were deemed as novel genes exclusive to guar. An aggregate of 137 protein families, 306 domains, 12 repeats, and two sites were upregulated. The proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter family and transferase, aquaporin transporter, calcium/calmodulin-dependent/calcium-dependent protein kinase, aspartic peptidase A1 family, UDP-glucuronosyl/UDP-glucosyltransferase, and major intrinsic protein were the most upregulated protein families. The upregulated unigenes were associated with 88 enzymes and 77 KEGG pathways. Finally, the MYB-related, MYB, and ERF transcription factor families were upregulated. These data may be useful for understanding the plant molecular response to drought stress.
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Saji, Alan. "An Advanced Method for Detection of Botnet Using Intrusion Detection System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. IX (September 10, 2021): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37945.
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A botnet, especially with remote-controlled bots that offers a platform for many cyber threats. The powerful measure in opposition to that botnet is supplied by IDS (Intrusion get right of entry to gadget). The IDS frequently monitors and identifies the presence of powerful attacks by way of assessing community site visitor’s dangers. The IDS (PI-IDS) check for payload detects energetic tries to test the user's statistics gram protocol (UDP) and transmission manage protocol (TCP) comparisons with acknowledged attacks but the PI-IDS method is destroyed if the package is encrypted. PI-IDS shortages are conquer by using traffic-primarily based IDS (T-IDS), do now not take a look at package load; as a substitute, it exams the packet header to split get entry to, however this manner isn't always appropriate in modern-day global due to the fact network traffic is growing swiftly so looking at the header of every packet isn't always operating nicely and because of this advantage price is also essential. therefore, We endorse a new approach to this paper T-IDS creates an RDPLM (information-readable getting to know model) based totally on the set capabilities, in addition to a feature selection method, simplified sub spacing and multiple randomized meta-mastering techniques .The accuracy of our model is 99.984% and the education time is 21.38 s on a 9aaf3f374c58e8c9dcdd1ebf10256fa5 botnet database. it has been discovered that some mechanical studying fashions resemble a deep neural community, reducing mistakes in pruning the venture of locating a drug in a totally small series, and a random tree.
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Jin, Huan, and Hunter N. B. Moseley. "Robust Moiety Model Selection Using Mass Spectrometry Measured Isotopologues." Metabolites 10, no. 3 (March 21, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10030118.
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Stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) experiments use stable isotope tracers to provide superior metabolomics datasets for metabolic flux analysis and metabolic modeling. Since assumptions of model correctness can seriously compromise interpretation of metabolic flux results, we have developed a metabolic modeling software package specifically designed for moiety model comparison and selection based on the metabolomics data provided. Here, we tested the effectiveness of model selection with two time-series mass spectrometry (MS) isotopologue datasets for uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) generated from different platforms utilizing direct infusion nanoelectrospray and liquid chromatography. Analysis results demonstrate the robustness of our model selection methods by the successful selection of the optimal model from over 40 models provided. Moreover, the effects of specific optimization methods, degree of optimization, selection criteria, and specific objective functions on model selection are illustrated. Overall, these results indicate that over-optimization can lead to model selection failure, but combining multiple datasets can help control this overfitting effect. The implication is that SIRM datasets in public repositories of reasonable quality can be combined with newly acquired datasets to improve model selection. Furthermore, curation efforts of public metabolomics repositories to maintain high data quality could have a huge impact on future metabolic modeling efforts.
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Tomić, Josif, Miloš B. Živanov, Miodrag Kušljević, Đorđe Obradović, and József Szatmari. "Realization of Measurement Station for Remote Environmental Monitoring." Key Engineering Materials 543 (March 2013): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.543.105.
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The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process that heats the Earth's surface and atmosphere. It is a result of the fact that certain atmospheric gases, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane, are able to change the energy balance of the planet by absorbing long wave radiation emitted from the Earth's surface. Number of gases are involved in the human caused enhancement of the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide is the most important gas of these gases, which contributes about 55% of the change in the intensity of the Earth's greenhouse effect. The global monitoring of the greenhouse gases is necessary for handling the global warming issue. This paper presents a practical implementation of a measurement station for environmental monitoring using Internet technology and large sensor networks. The application of the sensor networks in the environmental monitoring requires the development specific solutions. This paper presents a solution that relies on existing technology, but offers hardware and software upgrade due to the advantages of using the concept of virtual instrumentation. The application uses temperature sensors, air relative humidity sensors, gas sensors and others. The measurement station collects the data from the sensors and sends them to the users using the UDP protocol via the Internet and GPRS modem. The measurement station was implemented in LabVIEW programming package.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "UDP package"
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Хазар’янц, Олександра Владиславівна. "Принципи побудови і практичної реалізації корпоративних мереж підприємства з використанням технології VPN." Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/34928.
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Дипломна робота: 88 с., 28 рис., 3 табл., 1 дод., 32 джерел.
Об`єкт дослідження – методи та засоби побудови корпоративних віртуальних приватних мереж
Метою роботи є з’ясувування особливостей організації та функціонування віртуальної корпоративної мережі банківської установи для виявлення шляхів поліпшення її експлуатаційних характеристик.
Проведено аналіз специфікацій роботи інформаційних систем і мереж АБ «УКРГАЗБАНК», призначених для його обслуговування. Визначено, що для побудови корпоративної мережі підприємства доцільно застосовувати технологію VPN.Thesis of bachelor’s: 88 p., 3tables, 28 fig., 1 appendix, 32 refer. Object of research - methods and means of construction of corporate virtual private networks. The purpose of the work is to find out the peculiarities of the organization and functioning of the virtual corporate network of the banking institution to identify ways to improve its performance. The analysis of specifications of work of information systems and networks of AB "UKPGASBANK", intended for its service is carried out. It is determined that the construction of the corporate network of the enterprise is expedient to use VPN technology.
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König, Ralf. "HP UDC - Standardizing and Automizing Data Center Operations." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200400394.
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This presentation contains some common facts about the Utility Data Center by HP as well as my the results of practical work at HP Labs in preparation of my diploma thesisWorkshop "Netz- und Service-Infrastrukturen" Die Präsentation beinhaltet einige allg. Fakten zum Utility Data Center von HP sowie die Ergebnisse meiner praktischen Arbeit in den HP Labs in Vorbereitung auf die Diplomarbeit
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Dean, A., S. Goisman, B. King, M. Ohnstad, and S. Raby. "DESIGN OF AN INTERPLANETARY EXPLORATION TELEMETRY SUPPORT PACKAGE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607594.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThis student paper was produced as part of the team design competition in the University of Arizona course ECE 485, Radiowaves, and Telemetry. It describes the design of a telemetry support package for interplanetary exploration. Control and processing of telemetric signals between an earth based control station, an exploratory orbiter and probe pods are the focus of this design. Using this design data retrieval is achieved at a highly reliable rate of 1 error in 10^-10 bits. The exploratory orbiter, carrying a payload of probes, is launched and proceeds along its predetermined trajectory. Commands from the earth-based control station is used to send the orbiter to planetary destinations. The craft then establishes a stable non-geosynchronous orbit. Several probe pods are launched towards the planet at predetermined locations. These probe pods collect and send data, as well as system monitoring information to the orbiting craft. The orbiting craft then retrieves the signals generated by all pods and relays that information to an earth-based control station.
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Primavera, Giulia. "Basic design package of a high-purity twin-bed N2-PSA-Plant." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is a widely applied technology for separating gases, which operates based on selective adsorption on solid adsorbents. Indeed, the demand of PSA process plants for nitrogen production on industrial scale is continuously growing, as consequence of the improvements achieved in terms of efficiency, competitiveness, and cost-effectiveness.
In this work, the N2-PSA pilot plant located at the Münster University of Applied Sciences, was used as study-case for the drafting of the industrial-scale basic design package of the plant.
Firstly, it was shown that it is acceptable to develop the basic design package of full-scale PSA system based on information obtained by operation of pilot-scale system. Subsequently, a detailed description of technical data of plant components has been given, according to the international and European standards in force. Therefore, it was possible to produce technical drawings of the plant, i.e. process flow diagram (PFD) and piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID), along with the required datasheets and a preliminary plant layout. Eventually, a preliminary safety assessment of the system was carried out.
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Baggerman, Melanie A. "THE EFFECTS OF A TRAINING PACKAGE ON THE USE OF INCLUSIVE TEACHER BEHAVIORS IN A SUNDAY SCHOOL CLASS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edsrc_etds/13.
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The purpose of the study was to provide training and follow-up sessions for Sunday school teachers to increase the use of inclusive teacher behaviors (opportunities to respond, behavior specific praise, and opportunities to participate) for educating a child with moderate to severe disability. A multiple baseline across behaviors design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of training and follow-up sessions for a Sunday school teacher that had a child with moderate to severe disability in her class. The results showed training and follow-up were effective in teaching inclusive teacher behaviors within a church setting.
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Palix, Nicolas, Julia L. Lawall, Gaël Thomas, and Gilles Muller. "How Often do Experts Make Mistakes?" Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4132/.
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Large open-source software projects involve developers with a wide variety of backgrounds and expertise. Such software projects furthermore include many internal APIs that developers must understand and use properly. According to the intended purpose of these APIs, they are more or less frequently used, and used by developers with more or less expertise. In this paper, we study the impact of usage patterns and developer expertise on the rate of defects occurring in the use of internal APIs. For this preliminary study, we focus on memory management APIs in the Linux kernel, as the use of these has been shown to be highly error prone in previous work. We study defect rates and developer expertise, to consider e.g., whether widely used APIs are more defect prone because they are used by less experienced developers, or whether defects in widely used APIs are more likely to be fixed.
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Harrison, William. "Malleability, obliviousness and aspects for broadcast service attachment." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4138/.
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An important characteristic of Service-Oriented Architectures is that clients do not depend on the service implementation's internal assignment of methods to objects. It is perhaps the most important technical characteristic that differentiates them from more common object-oriented solutions. This characteristic makes clients and services malleable, allowing them to be rearranged at run-time as circumstances change. That improvement in malleability is impaired by requiring clients to direct service requests to particular services. Ideally, the clients are totally oblivious to the service structure, as they are to aspect structure in aspect-oriented software. Removing knowledge of a method implementation's location, whether in object or service, requires re-defining the boundary line between programming language and middleware, making clearer specification of dependence on protocols, and bringing the transaction-like concept of failure scopes into language semantics as well. This paper explores consequences and advantages of a transition from object-request brokering to service-request brokering, including the potential to improve our ability to write more parallel software.
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Fan, Yang, Hidehiko Masuhara, Tomoyuki Aotani, Flemming Nielson, and Hanne Riis Nielson. "AspectKE*: Security aspects with program analysis for distributed systems." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4136/.
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Enforcing security policies to distributed systems is difficult, in particular, when a system contains untrusted components. We designed AspectKE*, a distributed AOP language based on a tuple space, to tackle this issue. In AspectKE*, aspects can enforce access control policies that depend on future behavior of running processes. One of the key language features is the predicates and functions that extract results of static program analysis, which are useful for defining security aspects that have to know about future behavior of a program. AspectKE* also provides a novel variable binding mechanism for pointcuts, so that pointcuts can uniformly specify join points based on both static and dynamic information about the program. Our implementation strategy performs fundamental static analysis at load-time, so as to retain runtime overheads minimal. We implemented a compiler for AspectKE*, and demonstrate usefulness of AspectKE* through a security aspect for a distributed chat system.
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Gattoni, Giacomo. "Improving the reliability of recurrent neural networks while dealing with bad data." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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In practical applications, machine learning and deep learning models can have difficulty in achieving generalization, especially when dealing with training samples that are either noisy or limited in quantity.
Standard neural networks do not guarantee the monotonicity of the input features with respect to the output, therefore they lack interpretability and predictability when it is known a priori that the input-output relationship should be monotonic. This problem can be encountered in the CPG industry, where it is not possible to ensure that a deep learning model will learn the increasing monotonic relationship between promotional mechanics and sales. To overcome this issue, it is proposed the combined usage of recurrent neural networks, a type of artificial neural networks specifically designed to deal with data structured as sequences, with lattice networks, conceived to guarantee monotonicity of the desired input features with respect to the output. The proposed architecture has proven to be more reliable when new samples are fed to the neural network, demonstrating its ability to infer the evolution of the sales depending on the promotions, even when it is trained on bad data.
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Proença, Sara Isabel Azevedo. "Impact assessment of energy and climate policies : a hybrid botton-up general equilibrium model (HyBGem) for Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6126.
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Doutoramento em EconomiaClimate change mitigation and the imperative of a new sustainable energy paradigm are among the greatest challenges facing the world today, and they are high on the priority list of policy makers as well as within the scientific community. In this context significant efforts are being made in the design and implementation of energy and carbon mitigation policies at both European and national level. Evidence of this can be seen in the recent adoption by the EU of an integrated climate and energy policy that setts ambitious binding targets to be achieved by 2020 – known as the 20-20-20 targets of the EU Climate and Energy Package. Undoubtedly, the cost of these policies can be substantially reduced if a comprehensive impact assessment is made of the most efficient and cost-effective policy measures and technological options. Policy impact assessment therefore plays an important role in supporting the energy and climate decision-making process. This is the context of and motivation for the research presented in this thesis. The first part of the thesis, the conceptual framework, describes the development of the Hybrid Bottom-up General Equilibrium Model (HyBGEM) for Portugal, as a decision-support tool to assist national policy makers in conducting energy and climate policy analysis. HyBGEM is a single integrated, multi-sector, hybrid top-down/bottom-up general equilibrium E3 model formulated as a mixed complementarity problem. The second part of the thesis, the empirical analysis, provides an impact assessment of Portugal’s 2020 energy-climate policy targets under the EU Climate and Energy Package commitments, based on the HyBGEM model and the baseline projections previously developed. Five policy scenarios have been modelled and simulated to evaluate the economic, environmental and technological impacts on Portugal of complying with its individual 2020 carbon emissions and renewable energy targets. Furthermore, insights are gained into how these targets interact with each other, what are the most efficient and cost-effective policy options, and how alternative pathways affect the extent of policy-induced effects. The numerical analysis reveals that Portugal’s 2020 energy-climate targets can be achieved without significant compliance costs. A major challenge for policy makers is to promote an effective decarbonisation of the electricity generation sector through renewable-based technologies. There is evidence that the compliance costs of Portugal’s low carbon target in 2020 are significantly higher than the costs of achieving the national RES-E target, given that imposing carbon emissions constraints and subsidising renewable electricity generation via a feed-in tariffs scheme both have a similar impact on economy-wide emissions. This result suggests that the most cost-effective policy option to achieve the national energy-climate targets is to promote renewable power generation technologies, recommending that policy makers should proceed with the mechanisms that support it. The transition to a ‘greener’ economy is thus central to the ongoing fight against climate change. There is also evidence that emission market segmentation as imposed by the current EU-ETS creates substantial excess costs compared to uniform emissions pricing through a comprehensive cap-and-trade system. The economic argument on counterproductive overlapping regulation is not corroborated by the findings. Furthermore, there is no potential for a double dividend arising from environmental tax reforms. To conclude, the results highlight the critical importance of market distortions and revenue-recycling schemes, together with baseline projections in policy impact assessment.
A mitigação das alterações climáticas e o imperativo de um novo paradigma energético sustentável estão entre os maiores desafios que o mundo de hoje enfrenta, surgindo no topo da lista de prioridades quer dos decisores políticos quer da comunidade científica. Neste contexto, têm sido envidados esforços significativos na conceção e aplicação de políticas energéticas e de mitigação de carbono, tanto a nível europeu como nacional. A recente adoção de uma política integrada da UE em matéria de clima e energia, com objetivos ambiciosos a serem alcançados até 2020 – os denominados objetivos 20-20-20 do Pacote Clima-Energia da UE, é prova disso. Não há dúvida de que o custo destas políticas pode ser substancialmente reduzido se for feita uma avaliação global das medidas e das opções tecnológicas mais eficientes e com melhor relação custo-eficácia. A avaliação de impacto das políticas desempenha assim um papel importante no apoio à tomada de decisão em matéria energética e climática. São estes o contexto e a motivação para a investigação apresentada nesta tese. A primeira parte da tese, referente à estrutura conceptual, descreve o desenvolvimento do modelo HyBGEM – Hybrid Bottom-up General Equilibrium Model, concebido para Portugal. Trata-se de uma ferramenta de apoio à decisão em matéria de políticas de energia-clima. O HyBGEM é um modelo E3 de equilíbrio geral, com uma estrutura híbrida top-down/bottom-up integrada, multi-setorial e formulado como um problema de complementaridade mista. A segunda parte da tese, referente à análise empírica, apresenta uma avaliação de impacto das políticas de energia-clima para Portugal no quadro dos compromissos assumidos no Pacote Clima-Energia da UE, com base no modelo HyBGEM e em projeções de base previamente construídas. Foram modelados e simulados cinco cenários de política para avaliar os impactos económicos, ambientais e tecnológicos do cumprimento das metas nacionais traçadas para 2020 em matéria de limitação de emissões de carbono e promoção das energias renováveis. Avalia-se também o modo como estes objetivos interagem entre si, quais são as opções de política mais eficientes e custo-eficazes, e em que medida opções alternativas influenciam a magnitude dos impactos. A análise numérica revela que as metas energia-clima 2020 para Portugal podem ser alcançadas sem incorrer em custos de cumprimento significativos. O desafio fundamental que se coloca aos decisores políticos consiste em impulsionar a descarbonização do setor de produção de energia elétrica através de tecnologias de energia renovável. Existe evidência de que os custos de cumprimento da meta de redução de carbono são significativamente mais elevados que os custos de cumprimento da meta de FER-E, sendo que a imposição de restrições às emissões e a subsidiação da produção de eletricidade a partir de fontes de energia renovável (regime de tarifas feed-in) têm um impacto semelhante sobre o total de emissões. Este resultado sugere que a promoção das tecnologias de base renovável no sistema energético nacional é a opção com melhor relação custo-eficácia para a concretização dos objetivos nacionais energia-clima para 2020, instando os decisores políticos a prosseguir com os mecanismos de apoio existentes. A transição para uma economia mais ‘verde’ afigura-se assim fundamental no combate em curso contra as alterações climáticas. A análise revela também que a segmentação do mercado de emissões imposta pelo atual CELE gera custos adicionais substanciais quando comparada com um sistema de direitos de emissão uniforme. O argumento económico de que a sobreposição de regulamentação é contraproducente não é corroborado pelos resultados. A expectativa de um duplo dividendo decorrente das reformas fiscais em matéria ambiental não foi confirmada. Os resultados destacam ainda a importância crítica das distorções de mercado, dos sistemas de reciclagem de receitas e das projeções de base, para a avaliação de impacto das políticas.
Books on the topic "UDP package"
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DB2 UDB for OS/390 version 6 management tools package. San Jose, Calif: IBM Corp., International Technical Support Organization, 2000.
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Tang, Jasmine Kar. “A Tennessean in an Unlikely Package”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037832.003.0010.
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This chapter looks at the comedy and figure of Southern and Asian American entertainer Henry Cho. Cho's representation of his racial subjectivity reveals how he carefully manages others' expectations of him. The use of humor by a racialized subject in performance can mitigate discomfort about racial difference among mainstream white audiences. Thus, the stand-up comedy of Henry Cho presents an especially rich site of study when one considers how accents and jokes operate as markers and articulations of belonging. Moreover, Cho's comedy attest to the challenges in pulling away from the “pernicious either/or habit common in the formation of imagined communities” especially in constructions of the South, as they push for ways “to talk about region without talking about essential identities or ‘heritage.’”
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Mann, Peter. Hamilton’s Equations & Routhian Reduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822370.003.0016.
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In this chapter, the Poisson bracket and angular momentum are investigated and first integrals are used to develop conservation laws as a canonical Noether’s theorem. The Poisson bracket was developed by the French mathematician Poisson in the late nineteenth century and it is a reformulation, or at least a tidying up, of Hamilton’s equations into one neat package. The Poisson bracket of a quantity with the Hamiltonian describes the time evolution of that quantity as one moves along a curve in phase space. The Lie algebra structure of symmetries in mechanics is highlighted using this formulation. The classical propagator is derived using the Poisson bracket.
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Hector, Andy. The New Statistics with R. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798170.001.0001.
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Statistics is a fundamental component of the scientific toolbox, but learning the basics of this area of mathematics is one of the most challenging parts of a research training. This book gives an up-to-date introduction to the classical techniques and modern extensions of linear-model analysis—one of the most useful approaches in the analysis of scientific data in the life and environmental sciences. The book emphasizes an estimation-based approach that takes account of recent criticisms of overuse of probability values and introduces the alternative approach using information criteria. The book is based on the use of the open-source R programming language for statistics and graphics, which is rapidly becoming the lingua franca in many areas of science. This second edition adds new chapters, including one discussing some of the complexities of linear-model analysis and another introducing reproducible research documents using the R Markdown package. Statistics is introduced through worked analyses performed in R using interesting data sets from ecology, evolutionary biology, and environmental science. The data sets and R scripts are available as supporting material.
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Moore, Imogen. 11. Corporate Insolvency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198745228.003.0011.
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The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions and coursework. Each book includes typical questions, suggested answers with commentary, illustrative diagrams, guidance on how to develop your answer, suggestions for further reading, and advice on exams and coursework. This chapter examines the law on corporate insolvency. It considers the important and topical subject of corporate rescue, reviewing, in particular, administration (including pre-packaged administrations) and Company Voluntary Arrangements. The chapter addresses several issues relating to liquidation, including: winding up petitions and the meaning of ‘inability to pay debts’; assets available to creditors; distribution of assets to creditors; priority of claims; the pari passu principle; and transaction avoidance (dispositions of property after the commencement of winding up; transactions at an undervalue; preferences; voidable floating charges; and transactions defrauding creditors). The potential liability of directors on a company’s insolvent liquidation is considered, concentrating on wrongful and fraudulent trading and disqualification.
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Hawes, Greta. Pausanias in the World of Greek Myth. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832553.001.0001.
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Pausanias gives us the clearest glimpse of Greek myth as a living, local tradition. He shows us how the physical world existed in myriad complex and shifting relationships with the world of storytelling, and what was at stake in claims to possess the past. He demonstrates how myths guided curious travellers to particular places, the kinds of responses they provoked, and the ways they could be tested or disputed. The Periegesis attests to a form of cultural tourism we would still recognize: it is animated by the desire to see for oneself distant places previously only read about. It shows us how travellers might map the literary landscapes that they imagined on to the reality, and how locals might ‘package’ their cities to meet the demands of travellers’ expectations. This book uses Pausanias’s text as a lens on the spatial dynamics of myth. It reveals the significance of local stories in an Empire connected by a shared literary paideia, and the unifying power of a tradition made up paradoxically of narratives that took diverse, conflicting forms on the ground. And it shows how storytelling and the physical infrastructures of the Greek mainland were intricately interwoven such that the decline or flourishing of the latter affected the archive of myth that Pausanias transmits.
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Fairall, Lara, Merrick Zwarenstein, and Graham Thornicroft. The applicability of trials of complex mental health interventions. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199680467.003.0002.
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The evidence on what interventions are currently known to be effective in mental health is summarized in the 2009 PLoS Medicine series on packages of care for mental, neurological, and substance-use disorders in LAMIC and the WHO mhGAP guidelines published in 2010. But far less is known about how best to deliver and scale-up these interventions in real-life settings. How to translate this evidence into practice, in ways that are culturally appropriate and sensitive has been identified as the key research priority in global mental health. This chapter discusses the potential contribution of trials to the genesis of interventions that are both effective and highly applicable to real-world settings by considering two frameworks : the development–evaluation–implementation process proposed by the Medical Research Council (MRC) in Britain in their 2000 and 2008 guidance on developing and evaluating complex interventions and the PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS) tool.
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Jahanbegloo, Ramin. In Praise of Heresy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190130541.001.0001.
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In today's global climate of pre-packaged opinions, every effort of original thinking is an act of dissent. To think radically today is to be a heretic: committing ‘heresy’ not in its theological sense, but in relation to its ancient Greek roots, which means ‘choice’. With the rise of the post-industrial global village dominated by media networks and technology-led communication, the ‘epidemic of conformism’ has completely paralysed intellectuals' ability to question. It has now become critical to examine the central role of heresy in the formation of critical thinking and anti-dogmatism. Since the time of Socrates to the present, public intellectuals have aligned themselves with the heretical imperative by questioning organized power and opened up social, political, economic, and cultural life to public scrutiny and accountability. This effort is described in this book through the self-examined lives of philosophers such as Socrates and José Ortega y Gasset, Albert Camus, and Yukio Mishima. They serve to elaborate the context of the author's bold claim that B.R. Ambedkar, the central character of the author's research, is the boldest heretic in Indian political history.
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Ichikawa, Jonathan Jenkins. Contextualising Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199682706.001.0001.
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Contextualising Knowledge defends a contextualist semantics to knowledge ascriptions, and integrates it into a detailed discussion of the theoretical significance of knowledge. Ichikawa develops a kind of relevant alternatives contextualism, suggesting that which possibilities a subject must rule out in order to count as “knowing” vary according to the speaker’s conversational context, and uses it to consider the prospects for central theoretical roles for knowledge. Contextualism and the “knowledge first” program are rarely treated together, and sometimes argued to stand in significant tension. But Contextualising Knowledge makes the case that together they comprise an appealing package of views. After articulating and defending his preferred form of contextualism (Chapter 1), Ichikawa explores connections between knowledge and many other states of interest; Chapter 2 defends a contextualist semantics for counterfactual conditionals, and relates it to that given for knowledge ascriptions, including a vindication of a kind of traditional “sensitivity” constraints on knowledge. Chapter 3 defends a version of “E=K”, proposing that evidence ought to be understood in terms of knowledge, and that contextualism can help defend the view from some important objections. This chapter also relates contextualism to foundationalism and central epistemic questions. Chapter 4 defends a theory of epistemic justification in terms of knowledge; Chapters 5–7 take up and defend particular versions of knowledge norms of practical reasoning, assertion, and belief, respectively. The overall picture of Contextualising Knowledge is one that emphasizes the importance of both knowledge itself, and of the semantics of “knows” in thinking about the former.
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Doherty, Michael, Johannes Bijlsma, Nigel Arden, David J. Hunter, and Nicola Dalbeth. Introduction: the comprehensive approach. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0020.
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This introductory chapter to the section on management of osteoarthritis (OA) emphasizes the need for a full assessment of the patient, not just in terms of joint symptoms and examination findings but a full holistic assessment of the person, including the impact of OA on their life, their illness perceptions of OA, and the presence of comorbidities. An individualized package of care can then be developed. Patients should be fully informed about OA and fully involved in all management decisions. Apart from education, which is an ongoing not one-off process, other core treatments to be considered in every person with OA are exercise (both strengthening and aerobic) and strategies to reduce adverse mechanical factors, including weight loss if overweight or obese. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the safest analgesic drug to try first for peripheral joint OA. Other treatments can be selected as required from a wide range of drug and non-pharmacological options, to address the needs of the individual. The patient requires regular follow-up for reassessment and re-adjustment of management as required. Currently there are sparse data on predictors of response to treatment, limiting a stratified medicine approach. Caveats to the research evidence for OA and its transition to clinical practice are discussed, and one way of improving this (reporting overall treatment effect and the proportion attributable to placebo in clinical trials) is presented. Optimizing contextual effects, which are an integral part of any treatment and which may explain the majority of improvement that a patient experiences for their OA, is emphasized as a key aspect of care.
Book chapters on the topic "UDP package"
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Sølvsten, Steffan Christ, Jaco van de Pol, Anna Blume Jakobsen, and Mathias Weller Berg Thomasen. "Adiar Binary Decision Diagrams in External Memory." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 295–313. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99527-0_16.
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AbstractWe follow up on the idea of Lars Arge to rephrase the Reduce and Apply operations of Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) as iterative I/O-efficient algorithms. We identify multiple avenues to simplify and improve the performance of his proposed algorithms. Furthermore, we extend the technique to other common BDD operations, many of which are not derivable using Apply operations alone. We provide asymptotic improvements to the few procedures that can be derived using Apply.Our work has culminated in a BDD package named Adiar that is able to efficiently manipulate BDDs that outgrow main memory. This makes Adiar surpass the limits of conventional BDD packages that use recursive depth-first algorithms. It is able to do so while still achieving a satisfactory performance compared to other BDD packages: Adiar, in parts using the disk, is on instances larger than 9.5 GiB only 1.47 to 3.69 times slower compared to CUDD and Sylvan, exclusively using main memory. Yet, Adiar is able to obtain this performance at a fraction of the main memory needed by conventional BDD packages to function.
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Grunwald, Iris Q., Klaus Fassbender, and Ajay K. Wakhloo. "Work Packages." In How to set up an Acute Stroke Service, 167–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21405-9_17.
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Stasiūnaitienė, Eglė, and Julita Navaitienė. "Implementing UDL: Development of Purposeful and Motivated Students." In Inclusive Learning and Educational Equity, 217–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80658-3_9.
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AbstractThe assurance of purposeful and motivated learning activities in educational practice has been explored for many years. The essence of purposeful learning, which combines the goals of both teachers and learners, is to focus the participants of the pedagogical process on positive pedagogical interactions and mutual progress. The learner receives a package of knowledge, skills, behaviour and values important for socialisation from the teacher, whereas the teacher ensures confirmation of the quality of their own activity through pedagogical interactions. This chapter presents the results of a study aiming to answer two research questions: (1) What qualities and abilities of a purposeful and motivated expert learner are developed by applying the universal design for learning (UDL) approach? (2) How do educational factors facilitate the development of a purposeful and motivated expert learner by applying the UDL approach? In answering these questions, the processes occurring in the context of Lithuanian education were studied.
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Kikulwe, Enoch, Marsy Asindu, Walter Ocimati, Susan Ajambo, William Tinzaara, Francois Iradukunda, and Guy Blomme. "Scaling Banana Bacterial Wilt Management Through Single Diseased Stem Removal in the Great Lakes Region." In Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations, 289–317. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92022-7_10.
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AbstractXanthomonas wilt (XW) of banana caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum (Xvm) is an important emerging and non-curable infectious disease which can cause up to 100% yield loss. At the start of the XW epidemic, complete uprooting of diseased mats (CMU) was recommended. There was little adoption of CMU, especially by women farmers, because it was labor-intensive and it sacrificed banana production for up to 2 years. CMU assumed that infection on a single plant would systemically spread to all plants in a mat. However, field experiments showed that Xvm did not spread systemically in a mat and that latent infections occurred. As a result, not all shoots on an infected plant show symptoms. This led to the idea of removing only the visibly infected banana plants, referred to as single diseased stem removal (SDSR). The SDSR package comprises three innovations: (1) regularly cutting symptomatic stems at ground level, (2) sterilizing cutting tools with fire, and (3) early male bud removal using a forked stick. The SDSR package was promoted jointly with a set of complementary practices: (i) avoiding infections by browsing animals, (ii) using clean planting materials, (iii) bending leaves at the petiole level when intercropping in infected fields, (iv) training on disease recognition and epidemiology, and (v) demand-specific extension and knowledge sharing. Several approaches that have been used for scaling out XW management technologies are documented in this chapter. This review looks at the process, practices, challenges, lessons learned, and future policy implications associated with scaling of XW management practices.
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Bruno, Giovanni di Dio. "Erwhi Hedgehog: A New Learning Platform for Mobile Robotics." In Makers at School, Educational Robotics and Innovative Learning Environments, 243–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77040-2_32.
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AbstractErwhi Hedgehog is one of the smallest mobile robots. It enables mapping and vision analysis, and also displays machine learning features. Behaving like a small, curious animal, eager to explore the surroundings, the robot can be used to test navigation, mapping and localization algorithms, thus allowing the prototyping of new hardware and software for robotics. This application is particularly handy for educational robotics, at both high school and university level. On the one hand, the project is fully open source and open hardware under MIT license and available on Github, so everyone can build his/her own Erwhi Hedgehog robot with the aid of a step-by-step guide. On the other hand, students with more advanced knowledge can use it as a prototyping platform for developing new software programs and features. Erwhi uses Intel RealSense, AAEON UP Squared and Myriad X VPU technologies, with software based on the Robotic Operating System (ROS), and implements SLAM algorithms, such as RTAB-Map. The machine learning aspect is based on the OpenVINO framework and a dedicated ROS wrapper was used. The software package includes all the programs needed to create a Gazebo simulation. In terms of hardware, motor control is based on an STM32 microcontroller and the Arduino software, and the robot works on the differential drive unicycle model. Finally, Erwhi is compatible with AWS RoboMaker tools.
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de Jong, Michiel. "Arms Exports and Export Control of the Dutch Republic 1585–1621." In NL ARMS, 289–309. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-471-6_16.
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AbstractThe Dutch Republic underwent a process of state formation, accelerated economic growth and military reforms during the Eighty Years War. In particular between 1585 and 1621, Dutch merchant-entrepreneurs built up a burgeoning arms industry and sector of arms exports. These exports required a system of passports, still an under-researched theme in current literature, organized by the States-General and admiralties in order to support exports to neutral and allied states, but to forestall these did not fall into enemy hands. In particular, the system of passports shows how merchants, acting as intermediaries between allies and the States-General and the admiralties, could meet the volatile demand of war materials. As a result, the supply side of the export market was oligopolistic, but the composition of the group of oligopolists varied depending on the region and the prevailing market conditions in question. From this study it can be concluded that the system of export control had only a limited effectiveness regarding the creative arms exports to Spanish Habsburg destinations, due to divergent central and local interests. However, the major part of the Dutch arms exports flowed to allies such as France, Venice, Sweden and the German protestant states. Dutch merchants provided them with batches of strategic materials and total package-deals of armaments for entire army and navy units. From 1621, the States-General supported these transactions by supplying war materials from the state arsenals fostering timely and largescale deliveries, meeting volatile demand conditions.
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Gweyi-Onyango, Joseph P., Michael Ajanja Sakha, and Joyce Jefwa. "Agricultural Interventions to Enhance Climate Change Adaptation of Underutilized Root and Tuber Crops." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 61–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_40.
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AbstractAgricultural intensification worldwide is increasingly relying on a narrow range of crops such as rice, wheat, and maize. The reliability on this relatively small numbers of food diversities raises a very serious concern about the sustainability managing our nutrition today and in the future. We conducted a scoping review using online databases to identify various agricultural interventions that can be utilized for enhancement of underutilized root and tuber crops adaptability under the current observable effects of climate change. This is because reports of underutilized crops’ adaptability to climate change continues to remain anecdotal with limited research capacity to support them. The results mooted a wide range of crop production techniques that can be utilized in production of root and tuber crops. They includes biofertilizers, tied ridging method, improved seed varieties, management of community seed banks, cropping systems, irrigation methods, exploiting abandoned lands, agroforestry practice, clean seed production technologies, and nutrient use efficiency. Based on the findings, each of these interventions plays different roles in management of the negative impacts brought up by climate change and thus they would be useful when adopted in combination since package adoption would enable farmers to benefit from the positive synergy of the selected interventions. The interventions are therefore recommended not only for sustainability but also for profitable production to meet feed, food, energy, and fiber needs and foster economic growth in the ever changing world. Therefore this chapter contributes immensely towards the development of innovative mechanisms for strengthening the resilience of root and tuber crop.
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Yanda, Pius Z., Edmund B. Mabhuye, Anselm R. Mwajombe, and Namkunda Johnson. "Community livelihoods and ecosystem integrity in makere forest reserve, western Tanzania." In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 194–213. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0194.
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Abstract Wealth creation and poverty alleviation processes in the forest-bounded areas entail the use of such forests to a greater extent. Studies elsewhere show that there is often a tendency to use such forests until they are depleted before technology comes in to improve livelihoods. In this chapter, we examine community livelihoods in relation to ecosystem integrity for communities surrounding the Makere Forest Reserve, particularly socio-economic characteristics of communities, their links to forest utilization and implications for ecosystem integrity. We used mixed methods to collect data: (i) a household questionnaire; (ii) focus group discussions; (iii) key informant interviews; and (iv) a literature review, backed up with satellite imagery. Quantitative and qualitative data collected were subjected to statistical and non-statistical tests, respectively, with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software for quantitative data analysis. Livelihood activities in the area include shifting cultivation, livestock keeping, firewood fetching, charcoal making, harvesting timber and illegal logging. The motive for such forest exploitation is both for meeting household needs as well as for wealth accumulation. Forest users take part in such activities regardless of the distance they have to travel from their villages to come to the forest areas. We found education is an integral part of wealth status, but had nothing to do in terms of improving livelihood activities for ecosystem integrity. The absence of livelihood diversification of farm-related activities penetrates into weak forest governance strategies resulting in proliferation of deforestation and forest degradation. To maintain forest integrity, integrated approaches in forest management and alternative livelihood activities are needed such as beekeeping, fishing and modernized livestock keeping. These activities have the potential to increase household food and income and alleviate poverty levels without compromising ecosystem integrity.
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"INTERMEDIATE SOUND PACKAGE." In The Shut Up and Shoot Documentary Guide, 213. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780240824444-106.
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"BASIC SOUND PACKAGE." In The Shut Up and Shoot Documentary Guide, 212. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780240824444-105.
Full textConference papers on the topic "UDP package"
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Chiriac, Victor Adrian, Tien-Yu Tom Lee, and Vern Hause. "Thermal Performance Optimization of RF Packages for Wireless Communication." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42171.
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The increasing trend in power levels and associated densities leads to the need of design thermal optimization, either at the module level or at the system (module-board stack-up) level. The wireless communication industry is facing multiple challenges as it tries to promote smaller, faster and cost-effective packages, yet trying to cope with potential thermal bottlenecks. The present study investigates a new family of packages, whose thermal and electrical performances are far superior to the classic (standard) packages. A 3-D conjugate numerical study was conducted to evaluate the thermal performance of Gallium Arsenic (GaAs) die packaged in Quad Flat No Lead (QFN) packages for various wireless and networking applications. Two different QFN packages are investigated: a standard package and a Power package (PQFN) with thicker leadframe and solder die attach. The thermal impact of die attach material, leadframe thickness, die pad size, and board structure is evaluated and provides valuable information for product designers. Two powering scenarios are investigated: 1) one for standard operating parameters and 2) an alternative for extreme operating powering scenarios. Results indicate that the peak temperature reached on the die for 3×3 mm QFN under normal powering conditions is ∼138.5°C (or 119°C/W junction-to-air thermal resistance), while for the extreme scenario, the junction temperature is ∼186°C (or 125°C/W junction-to-air thermal resistance). In both cases, the top Au metal layer has a limited impact on lateral heat spreading. Under extreme powering conditions, the 5×5 mm PQFN package reaches a peak temperature of ∼126°C (66°C/W thermal resistance). A ∼32% reduction in peak temperature is achieved with the 5×5 PQFN package. The improvement is mainly due to the larger package size, high conductivity die attach material, thicker leadframe and more board thermal vias. A parametric study shows that the increase in leadframe thickness from 0.2 mm (8 mils) to 0.5 mm (20 mils) in the QFN package will lead to only 3% reduction in peak temperature. By comparison, for both packages, the die attach material (conductive epoxy vs. solder) will have a significant impact on the overall reduction in peak temperature (∼12%). Experimental measurements using an Infrared (IR) Microscope are performed to validate the numerical results. The results indicate good agreement (∼6% discrepancy) between the numerical model and the measurement.
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Kiflu, Bereket, and Steve J. Hensel. "Life Extension of the 9975 Package As a Storage Container: Thermal Analysis." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65054.
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The 9975 shipping package is used to store plutonium bearing material with a heat release of up to 19 Watts at the Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS). Individual 9975 packages have been used to store these materials for nearly 15 years. The 9975 package contains non-metallic components such as the elastomeric dual O-ring seals, used to ensure containment at the vessel closures, and a fiberboard over pack which provides impact and fire resistance to the containment vessels. These non-metallic components degrade during long term storage, particularly when higher heat generating contents are packaged. Degraded fiberboard properties result in higher peak internal 9975 package material temperatures during a fire accident event. The thermal performance of the 9975 shipping package was evaluated for a sequential accident consisting of a fire and drop which locally ruptures the outer drum. The package is exposed to an off-normal 58.3°C (137°F) ambient temperature prior to being fully engulfed in a fire for 1.5 hours at 815.6°C (1500°F). Subsequently the fiberboard smolders for 1.0 hour at 760°C (1400°F) at the location of drum rupture, followed by cool down to the ambient temperature. The thermal evaluation considered both the beginning-of-life (as-designed) condition and after 20 years of service as a plutonium material storage container. The results of the evaluation demonstrate that the 9975 shipping package maintains containment during initial and after 20 years of service. The maximum Primary Containment Vessel dual O-ring temperatures during the facility fire-drop-smoldering accident are 163.9°C (327°F) and 186.1°C (367°F) for beginning of life and after 20 years of service, respectively, which are within the allowable accident temperature limit of 204.4°C (400°F). Thus, the 9975 shipping package meets its intended function to provide containment.
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Carr, A., M. J. Clarke, G. E. Langley, N. C. Sanders, and C. R. J. Sunman. "Design of a Storage Facility for Intermediate Level Waste at Hunterston “A” Decommissioning Site." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4885.
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Hunterston A Power Station Decommissioning Site (UK) is required to process and store on-site over 2500m3 of raw Intermediate Level Waste (ILW), conditioned into some 1500 packages until a National Repository becomes available. The waste has arisen mainly from irradiated fuel management throughout the operating life of the station and consists of graphite, metal, sludges and resins. Prior to storage the wastes will be recovered from various locations on the site, stabilised and packaged in a passive form suitable for ultimate disposal. The store will comprise a single concrete above ground vault structure serviced by a Package Handling Machine (PHM) and designed for an operating life in excess of 100 years with minimum through life maintenance. The store is intended to be a replicable solution suitable, with only minor modifications, for ILW storage on other decommissioning or operating sites. The paper describes the development of the concept design of the ILW Store up to and including the Preliminary Safety Report (PSR), supported by a Basis of Design. The paper also describes the commercial approach adopted to develop the store design and subsequently construct and commission the store. The factors affecting the design of the store incorporate the formal guidance provided by the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (NII) [0], and take account of the requirements of the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA), the Environment Agency (EA) together with the Local Planning Authorities. The safety assessment addressed factors such as the initial unmitigated consequences, Hazops, safestore safety criteria, passive safety principles and safety functional requirements. Key issues in the safety assessment were dominated by the passive nature of the packages and addressed the recovery requirements for the PHM in the event of failure, the definition of the seismic integrity requirements and the recovery and inspection principles for packages during storage. The generation and selection of options formed a significant part of the work and incorporated support from all disciplines needed for the Design, Construction and Operation of an ILW Store. Further significant areas affecting the design were the stability of stacked packages, provision of a suitable environment for package storage and the interface with the package delivery transporter and projects supplying the waste packages. BNFL has successfully developed a “fit for purpose” ILW Store design primarily for Hunterston A Decommissioning Site, with a high degree of confidence that this design could be adapted to any UK Site.
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Gupta, Narendra K. "Thermal Analysis of a 9975 Package in a Facility Fire Accident." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57005.
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Surplus plutonium bearing materials in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complex are stored in the 3013 containers that are designed to meet the requirements of the DOE standard DOE-STD-3013. The 3013 containers are in turn packaged inside 9975 packages that are designed to meet the NRC 10 CFR Part 71 regulatory requirements for transporting the Type B fissile materials across the DOE complex. The design requirements for the hypothetical accident conditions (HAC) involving a fire are given in 10 CFR 71.73. The 9975 packages are stored at the DOE Savannah River Site in the K-Area Material Storage (KAMS) facility for long term of up to 50 years. The design requirements for safe storage in KAMS facility containing multiple sources of combustible materials are far more challenging than the HAC requirements in 10 CFR 71.73. While the 10 CFR 71.73 postulates an HAC fire of 1475°F and 30 minutes duration, the facility fire calls for a fire of 1500°F and 86 minutes duration. This paper describes a methodology and the analysis results that meet the design limits of the 9975 components and demonstrate the robustness of the 9975 package.
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Wu, J. D., Y. S. Lai, Y. L. Kuo, S. C. Hung, and M. H. R. Jen. "Thermo-Mechanical Deformation and Stress Analysis of a Flip-Chip BGA." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35082.
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This paper investigates thermo-mechanical deformation and stresses of a flip-chip package (FCBGA) with and without underfill materials. Chip carrier is a 2-2-2 build-up substrate with 40 × 40 mm2 dimension; while bump material employs Sn/37Pb eutectic solder. Temperature-dependent warpage (out-of-plane displacement) of a FCBGA is characterized via shadow moire´ technique. Results of warpage measurement reveal that packages do not follow the same path during thermal loading/unloading cycle (20-220-20 °C) for both FCBGA with and without underfills. This implies that both solder and underfill exhibit inelastic material response. Therefore, it is a necessity to consider nonlinear constitutive response of packaging materials when designing flip-chip packages. It is observed that FCBGA with underfill exhibit more warpage than packages without underfill due to higher CTE mismatch between underfills and silicon dies. Aspect of package geometry such as die-to-substrate thickness ratio is found to play important role in reducing package stresses. Especially, thinner die provides more direct impact to die stresses reduction than thinner substrate does.
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Wagner, Russell. "Justification for Elevated Hydrogen Limits in Risk-Based Radioactive Waste Packages." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71669.
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The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has provided set guidance that hydrogen concentrations in radioactive material packages be limited to 5 vol% unless the package is designed to withstand a bounding hydrogen deflagration or detonation. The NRC guidance further specifies that the expected shipping time for a package be limited to one-half the time to reach 5 vol% hydrogen. This guidance has presented logistical problems for transport of retrieved legacy waste packages on the Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site that frequently contain greater than 5 vol% hydrogen due to their age and the lack of venting requirements at the time they were generated. Such packages do not meet the performance-based criteria for Type B packaging, and are considered risk-based packages. Duratek Technical Services (Duratek) has researched the true risk of hydrogen deflagration and detonation with closed packages, and has developed technical justification for elevated concentration limits of up to 15 vol% hydrogen in risk-based packages when transport is limited to the confines of the Hanford Site. Duratek has presented elevated hydrogen limit justification to the DOE Richland Operations Office and is awaiting approval for incorporation into the Hanford Site Transportation Safety Document. This paper details the technical justification methodology for the elevated hydrogen limits.
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Yee, Sridhar, Hee Dong Yang, and Puligandla Viswanadham. "Method for Measuring Package to Board Interconnection Shear Strength for Area Array, Fine Pitch Packages." In ISTFA 2002. ASM International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2002p0377.
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Abstract The package to board interconnection shear strength (PBISS) test method yields an amalgamated measure of pad peel strength, solder/pad interfacial strength and bulk solder shear strength. This measure mirrors the reliability of the actual product better than any single component strength value. Using a novel fixture that ensures pure shear stresses on the package, the shear strengths of two different ball grid array packages with Sn62PbAg2 solder balls are characterized as a function of pad finish and board build-up layer type. The tests can be performed relatively quickly (< 15 minutes for an entire package on board) with good repeatability. Results indicate that the component shear test is sensitive to the variables studied and attractive as a candidate technique for quantifying solder joint quality and integrity on actual production samples for a variety of package types and sizes. Potential applications of this method are for materials/process/vendor evaluation during product development phase and as a production/supplier quality assessment tool in the factory. Key words: interconnection strength, shear test, area array package, solder joint, pad surface finish
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Islam, Nokibul, Miguel Jimarez, Robert Darveaux, JoonYeob Lee, JaeYoung Na, and KeunSoo Kim. "Robust Underfill Selection Methodology for Flip Chip." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33939.
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Underfill is one of the crucial materials in flip chip (FC) packages. The role of underfill is not only to protect the solder bumps but to minimize package warpage, and to protect the fragile low k dielectric at end of line (EOL), moisture resistance test (MRT), and temperature cycle B (TCB) conditions. As packages move towards green products, the complexity of selecting a good underfill increases. The interaction of high Pb or eutectic solder with the underfill is different than that of Pb free solder. Moreover Pb free solder behavior for FC bumps is just being explored in the literature. Besides Pb free solder, other parameters like die passivation, bump height and pitch, under bump metallurgy (UBM) metallization, and package substrate are also extremely important for underfill selection. As the design of the package continues to change smaller package, tighter bump pitch and thinner core and build up (BU) layers, all of these parameters are directly related to package reliability. Sometimes an underfill good for a smaller die, body size, taller bump height, and pitch doesn’t necessarily mean it will be appropriate for a bigger die with larger body, and tighter bumps. So there are lots of variables in the package that directly affect the reliability. A good underfill should have very good adhesion between underfill and die passivation at room temperature, and moderate adhesion at underfill Tg. Adhesion properties are solely depend on chemistry of the underfill. Therefore to determine a good underfill for a bigger die and body size, we need to have a sequential selection methodology. In this paper a sequential selection methodology is used to eliminate the unsuccessful underfill candidates and select the best one which comfortably satisfies the requirements for all different solder alloys, and a wider range of package geometries. Important selection criteria including underfill workability issues and modeling data are also discussed.
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Fahim, Abdullah, Kamrul Hasan, Jeffrey C. Suhling, and Pradeep Lall. "Creep Behavior of Various Materials Within PBGA Packages Subjected to Thermal Cycling Loading." In ASME 2020 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2020-2655.
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Abstract Electronic packages are frequently exposed to a thermal cycling environment in real life applications. Particularly, the plastic ball grid array (PBGA) is one of the most widely used electronic package, and consists of various component materials, e.g. solder joint, silicon die, die attachment adhesive, mold compound, solder mask, etc. All of these materials play a significant role on the reliability of the overall package. Failure under creep deformation is one of the significant failure mode for electronic packages. Hence, it is important to study their creep behavior and evolution under the thermal cycling environment. These changes must be evaluated in order to understand and predict their failure behavior due to creep damage in operation. In our previous study, evolution of mechanical properties of SAC305 solder joints in a PBGA package up to 250 thermal cycles was evaluated using the nanoindentation technique. In this work, nanoindentation technique was utilized to understand the evolution of creep behavior of the SAC305 solder joint, die attachment adhesive, silicon die, and solder mask material for various durations of thermal cycling. Test specimens were first prepared by cross sectioning a PBGA package to reveal the different materials, followed by surface polishing to facilitate SEM imaging and nanoindentation testing. After preparation, the package samples were thermally cycled from T = −40 to 125 °C in an environmental chamber. At various points in the cycling (e.g. after 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 cycles), the package was taken out from the chamber, and nanoindentation was performed on above mentioned materials to obtain creep behavior at room temperature (25 °C). From the nanoindentation test data, it was found that creep deformation of SAC305 increased upto 500 cycles. Die attachment and solder mask materials showed initial decrease in creep deformation up to 250 cycles and then increased value at 500 cycles. As expected, the silicon die material does not show any significant change in creep deformation behavior upto 500 cycles.
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Martinez, Oscar, Abiodun Adeniyi, Paul Nogradi, Bradley Loftin, Coleen E. Martinez, and Blake Van Hoy. "Regulatory Testing and Posttest Analysis of the DPP-3 Type B Shipping Container for NCT and HAC Tests." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-62434.
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Abstract Safe transportation of radioactive material using appropriately designed, certified packages ensures protection of the public and environment using rigorous system packaging requirements. This protocol was conducted to determine the effects of drop testing on a Type B shipping package (DPP-3) performance per normal and hypothetical accident conditions tests. Preparation, testing, and post-test evaluations of a Type B shipping package tested to 10 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 71.71 and 71.73 requirements are presented. Six packages were subjected to free drop, puncture, and thermal tests per 10 CFR 71.73. The posttest helium leak test showed a leak rate < 1 × 10−7 He-cc/sec, indicating that the containment boundary and leak-tight environment were maintained. Statistical analyses were performed to determine changes in package performance. The null hypothesis was that measurements would not change enough from pre- to post-testing to show statistical significance, which would indicate too much variability in package design. A repeated measures t-test was used to analyze drum lid and containment vessel (CV) torques. All six CV lid torques were statistically significant, but only three drum lid torques were statistically significant. Therefore, lid design caused more variability than necessary when subjected to the horizontal-and-cold, vertical-lid-down, and corner-with-lid-up drop tests. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analyzed package heights and diameters, with results on height indicating four of the six certification test units (CTUs) were statistically significant. Thus, CTU design caused more variability than necessary when subjected to horizontal-hot, horizontal-cold, corner-lid-up, and corner-lid-down tests. One-way ANOVA analysis of diameter indicated that all six CTUs were statistically significant. Thus, CTU design caused more variability than necessary when subjected to all tests. The DPP-3 has been shown to be an acceptable design for transport of radioactive materials, but statistical analysis revealed that package and test design can be improved to reduce variability in performance before and after testing.
Reports on the topic "UDP package"
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Lee, T. Y. User Data Package (UDP) for Packaged Cogeneration Systems (PCS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226174.
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Witt, Donald D., and Charles L. Trull. Combat and Training Developer's Test Support Package for the Pocket Radiac, AN/UDR-13. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada235334.
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Coles, D. G., and R. D. Peters. Scale-up considerations relevant to experimental studies of nuclear waste-package behavior. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5754566.
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Swanson, L. C. Aquifer testing data package for 1993 200-UP-1 Groundwater Operable Unit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10167781.
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Horton, Duane G. Data Package for Groundwater Monitoring Well 299-W19-46 at the 200-UP-1 Operable Unit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15010202.
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Höfrová, Alena, and Arelis Moore De Peralta. Faculty satisfaction with start-up packages: gender differences in a public university in the Southeastern U.S. Clemson University Libraries, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/report9.
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Elmore, Monte R., and Colin Henderson. Tank Lay-Up Information Package and List of Questions for US Department of Energy High-Level Waste Tank Storage Sites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15010047.
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Rogo, Khama, and Ann Leonard. Unsafe Abortion in Kenya: Findings from Eight Studies. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1996.1022.
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One of the most topical areas in reproductive health today is the consequences of induced and often unsafe abortion. Safe motherhood initiatives continue to highlight the contribution of unsafe abortion to the persistent high rates of maternal mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. In some countries, unsafe abortion is responsible for up to half of all maternal mortality and morbidity, with adolescents constituting a significant proportion of those procuring unsafe abortions. In Kenya, concern about the problem of incomplete and septic abortion has increased, particularly on the part of service providers who must treat women suffering from the complications of poorly performed procedures. Debate about what can be done to reduce the negative consequences of unsafe abortion ranges from highly emotional arguments to pragmatic policies and programs. In 1998, in response to requests for assistance from Kenyan policymakers, the Population Council embarked on a four-year collaborative program to document the magnitude and nature of the problem of unsafe abortion. With assistance from the Population Council, researchers from the Centre for the Study of Adolescence designed and implemented a package of eight studies. This monograph provides a summary of the findings of these studies.
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Bauer, Andrew, James Forsythe, Jayanarayanan Sitaraman, Andrew Wissink, Buvana Jayaraman, and Robert Haehnel. In situ analysis and visualization to enable better workflows with CREATE-AV™ Helios. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40846.
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The CREATE-AV™ Helios CFD simulation code has been used to accurately predict rotorcraft performance under a variety of flight conditions. The Helios package contains a suite of tools that contain almost the entire set of functionality needed for a variety of workflows. These workflows include tools customized to properly specify many in situ analysis and visualization capabilities appropriate for rotorcraft analysis. In situ is the process of computing analysis and visualization information during a simulation run before data is saved to disk. In situ has been referred to with a variety of terms including co-processing, covisualization, coviz, etc. In this paper we describe the customization of the pre-processing GUI and corresponding development of the Helios solver code-base to effectively implement in situ analysis and visualization to reduce file IO and speed up workflows for CFD analysts. We showcase how the workflow enables the wide variety of Helios users to effectively work in post-processing tools they are already familiar with as opposed to forcing them to learn new tools in order post-process in situ data extracts being produced by Helios. These data extracts include various sources of information customized to Helios, such as knowledge about the near- and off-body grids, internal surface extracts with patch information, and volumetric extracts meant for fast post-processing of data. Additionally, we demonstrate how in situ can be used by workflow automation tools to help convey information to the user that would be much more difficult when using full data dumps.
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Ruiz, Susana. ¿Quién paga la cuenta? Gravar la riqueza para enfrentar la crisis de la COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe. Oxfam, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6317.
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Las previsiones de retroceso económico y social en América Latina y el Caribe son alarmantes. La COVID-19 golpea con fuerza la región marcada que tendrá que afrontar una contracción del 9,4%, una de las más severas en todo el planeta. La desigualdad, la informalidad y la insuficiente dotación sanitaria lastran las posibilidades de hacer frente a la pandemia. Pero son los más vulnerables quienes asumen el costo, hasta 52 millones de personas que podrían caer en la pobreza y 40 millones podrían perder sus empleos, un retroceso de 15 años para la región. Pero la COVID-19 no afecta a todos por igual, una élite se mantiene inmune al contagio de la crisis económica. Desde el principio de los confinamientos, hay 8 nuevos milmillonarios en América Latina y el Caribe, personas con un patrimonio superior a los mil millones de dólares. Las personas más ricas han aumentado su fortuna en US$ 48 200 millones desde marzo 2020, lo que equivale a un tercio del total de los paquetes de estímulo de todos los países de la región. Para hacer frente a esta crisis tan profunda, Oxfam propone una serie de reformas que recaigan sobre quienes más tienen y menos han sufrido la pandemia. Entre otros un impuesto sobre el patrimonio neto de las personas más ricas con el que se podría recaudar al menos US$ 14 260 millones, 50 veces más de lo que ahora se estaría recaudando sobre esta élite de grandes fortunas. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, forecasts for economic and social decline in Latin America and the Caribbean are alarming. The region will face a 9.4% contraction in its economy, among the most severe in the world. Coping with the pandemic is hindered by inequality, weak and insufficient social protection and limited public health capabilities. Up to 52 million people could fall into poverty and 40 million could lose their jobs – a 15-year setback for the region. Yet, an elite remains ‘immune’ to the contagion of the economic crisis. Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been 8 new billionaires in LAC: 1 every 2 weeks since the lockdowns began. The richest people have increased their fortune by $48.2bn since March 2020, equivalent to a third of the total stimulus packages of all countries in the region. In this paper, Oxfam proposes a series of reforms targeting those who have being less affected by the pandemic. They include a net wealth tax that could potentially generate $14.3bn, 50 times more than billionaires in the region pay now in theory, under current tax systems.