Journal articles: 'UCWW'

1

Ganchev, Ivan, and Máirtín O’Droma. "Outsourcing Authentication, Authorization and Accounting, and Charging and Billing Services to Trusted Third Parties for Future Consumer-Oriented Wireless Communications." Electronics 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030558.

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In this article, proposals for the realization of an infrastructural re-think on the way authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) services and charging and billing (C&B) services are supplied within the ubiquitous consumer wireless world (UCWW) are set out. Proposals envisage these services being owned and organized by trusted third parties (TTPs) and utilizing new globally standardized protocols and infrastructural entity interfaces. Their implementation will affect a successful realization of the UCWW’s consumer-based techno-business infrastructure, complementing or even replacing the present legacy network-centric, subscriber-based one. The approach enables a loose dynamic, or even casual, consumer-type association between consumers (mobile users) and network/teleservice providers, and it opens the door to multifaceted benefits for consumers, for new network/teleservice providers, and for other new UCWW business entities in addition to the 3P-AAA and 3P-C&B service providers at the heart of this article’s proposals.

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2

Zhang, Haiyang, Ivan Ganchev, Nikola S. Nikolov, Zhanlin Ji, and Máirtín O’Droma. "A Hybrid Service Recommendation Prototype Adapted for the UCWW: A Smart-City Orientation." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6783240.

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With the development of ubiquitous computing, recommendation systems have become essential tools in assisting users in discovering services they would find interesting. This process is highly dynamic with an increasing number of services, distributed over networks, bringing the problems of cold start and sparsity for service recommendation to a new level. To alleviate these problems, this paper proposes a hybrid service recommendation prototype utilizing user and item side information, which naturally constitute a heterogeneous information network (HIN) for use in the emerging ubiquitous consumer wireless world (UCWW) wireless communication environment that offers a consumer-centric and network-independent service operation model and allows the accomplishment of a broad range of smart-city scenarios, aiming at providing consumers with the “best” service instances that match their dynamic, contextualized, and personalized requirements and expectations. A layered architecture for the proposed prototype is described. Two recommendation models defined at both global and personalized level are proposed, with model learning based on the Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR). A subset of the Yelp dataset is utilized to simulate UCWW data and evaluate the proposed models. Empirical studies show that the proposed recommendation models outperform several widely deployed recommendation approaches.

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3

MAEDA, NOBUKI. "ANISOTROPY IN THE COMPRESSIBLE QUANTUM HALL STATE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 10n11 (May 10, 2001): 1373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201005854.

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Using a mean field theory on the von Neumann lattice, we study compressible anisotropic states around ν=l+1/2 in the quantum Hall system. The Hartree-Fock energy of the unidirectional charge density wave (UCDW) are calculated self-consistently. In these states the UCDW seems to be the most plausible state. We show that the UCDW is regarded as a collection of the one-dimensional lattice fermion systems which extend to the uniform direction. The kinetic energy of this one-dimensional system is induced from the Coulomb interaction term and the self-consistent Fermi surface is obtained.

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4

Hong, Jin Young, Hyunseong Kim, Changhwan Yeo, Wan-Jin Jeon, Junseon Lee, Seung Ho Baek, Yoon Jae Lee, and In-Hyuk Ha. "Uwhangchungsimwon Inhibits Oxygen Glucose Deprivation/Re-Oxygenation-Induced Cell Death through Neuronal VEGF and IGF-1 Receptor Signaling and Synaptic Remodeling in Cortical Neurons." Antioxidants 11, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071388.

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Uwhangchungsimwon (UCW), a multi-component herbal product, has long been used to treat vascular diseases such as headache, dizziness, high blood pressure, and stroke. Though the prophylactic actions of UCW are well known, insufficient experimental evidence exists on its effectiveness against stroke. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the efficacy of UCW in oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-injury to the primary cortical neurons using an in vitro ischemia model. Neurons secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which acts as a neurotrophic factor in response to an ischemic injury. VEGF modulates neuroprotection and axonal outgrowth by activating the VEGF receptors and plays a critical role in vascular diseases. In this study, cortical neurons were pretreated with UCW (2, 10, and 50 µg/mL) for 48 h, incubated in oxygen-glucose-deprived conditions for 2 h, and further reoxygenated for 24 h. UCW effectively protected neurons from OGD/R-induced degeneration and cell death. Moreover, the role of UCW in sustaining protection against OGD/R injury is associated with activation of VEGF-VEGFR and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor expression. Therefore, UCW is a potential herbal supplement for the prevention of hypoxic-ischemic neuronal injury as it may occur after stroke.

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Zika, Jan D., Bernadette M. Sloyan, and Trevor J. McDougall. "Diagnosing the Southern Ocean Overturning from Tracer Fields." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 2926–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4052.1.

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Abstract The strength and structure of the Southern Hemisphere meridional overturning circulation (SMOC) is related to the along-isopycnal and vertical mixing coefficients by analyzing tracer and density fields from a hydrographic climatology. The meridional transport of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is expressed in terms of the along-isopycnal (K) and diapycnal (D) tracer diffusivities and in terms of the along-isopycnal potential vorticity mixing coefficient (KPV). Uniform along-isopycnal (<600 m2 s−1) and low vertical mixing (10−5 m2 s−1) can maintain a southward transport of less than 60 Sv (Sv = 106 m2 s−1) of UCDW across the ACC, which is distributed largely across the South Pacific and east Indian Ocean basins. For vertical mixing rates of O(10−4 m2 s−1) or greater, the inferred transport is significantly enhanced. The transports inferred from both tracer and density distributions suggest a ratio K to D of O(2 × 106) particularly on deeper layers of UCDW. Given the range of observed southward transports of UCDW, it is found that K = 300 ± 150 m2 s−1 and D = 10−4 ± 0.5 × 10−4 m2 s−1 in the Southern Ocean interior. A view of the SMOC is revealed where dense waters are converted to lighter waters not only at the ocean surface, but also on depths below that of the mixed layer with vertical mixing playing an important role.

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6

González-Dávila, M., J. M. Santana-Casiano, R. A. Fine, J. Happell, B. Delille, and S. Speich. "Carbonate system in the water masses of the Southeast Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during February and March 2008." Biogeosciences 8, no. 5 (May 31, 2011): 1401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1401-2011.

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Abstract. Carbonate system variables were measured in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from South Africa to the southern limit of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) from February to March 2008. Eddies detached from the retroflection of the Agulhas Current increased the gradients observed along the fronts. Minima in the fugacity of CO2, fCO2, and maxima in pH on either side of the frontal zone were observed, noting that within the frontal zone fCO2 reached maximum values and pH was at a minimum. Vertical distributions of water masses were described by their carbonate system properties and their relationship to CFC concentrations. Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) offered pHT,25 values of 7.56 and 7.61, respectively. The UCDW also had higher concentrations of CFC-12 (>0.2 pmol kg−1) as compared to deeper waters, revealing that UCDW was mixed with recently ventilated waters. Calcite and aragonite saturation states (Ω) were also affected by the presence of these two water masses with high carbonate concentrations. The aragonite saturation horizon was observed at 1000 m in the subtropical area and north of the Subantarctic Front. At the position of the Polar Front, and under the influence of UCDW and LCDW, the aragonite saturation horizon deepened from 800 m to 1500 m at 50.37° S, and reached 700 m south of 57.5° S. High latitudes proved to be the most sensitive areas to predicted anthropogenic carbon increase. Buffer coefficients related to changes in [CO2], [H+] and Ω with changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) and total alkalinity (AT) offered minima values in the Antarctic Intermediate Water and UCDW layers. These coefficients suggest that a small increase in CT will sharply decrease the status of pH and carbonate saturation. Here we present data that suggest that south of 55° S, surface water will be under-saturated with respect to aragonite within the next few decades.

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7

Hahamovitch, Cindy. "Making History the UCW Way." Labor 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-9361737.

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8

Maki, K., B. Dora, B. Korin-Hamzic, M. Basletic, A. Virosztek, and M. V. Kartsovnik. "Brave new world of unconventional density waves." Journal de Physique IV 12, no. 9 (November 2002): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20020352.

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Recently many people discuss unconventional density wave (i.e. UCDW and USDW). Unlike in conventional density waves, the quasiparticle excitations in these systems are gapless. The appearence of these systems suggests paradigm shift from quasi ID system to quasi 2D and 3D systems. Here we limit ourselves to the angular dependent magnetoresistance (ADMR) observed in the low temperature phase (LTP) of α-(BEDT-TTF)2KHg(SCN)4. Here we show that UCDW describes successfully many features of ADMR as manifestation of the Landau quantization of the quasiparticle spectrum in magnetic field. Indeed ADMR will provide a unique window to access UDW like the AF phase in URu2Si2, the pseudogap phase in high Tc cuprates and the glassy phase in organic superconductor κ-(ET)2 salts.

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9

Martinson, D. G. "Transport of warm upper circumpolar deep water onto the Western Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf." Ocean Science Discussions 8, no. 6 (December 15, 2011): 2479–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-8-2479-2011.

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Abstract. Five thermistor-moorings were placed on the continental shelf of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (between 2007 and 2010) in an effort to identify the mechanism(s) responsible for delivering warm Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) onto the broad continental shelf from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) flowing over the adjacent continental slope. Historically, four mechanisms have been suggested (or assumed): (1) eddies shed from the ACC, (2) flow into the cross-shelf-cutting canyons with overflow onto the nominal shelf, (3) general upwelling, and (4) episodic sweeping of ACC meanders over the shelf. The mooring array showed that for the years of deployment, the dominant mechanism is eddies; upwelling may also contribute but to an unknown extent. Mechanisms 2 and 4 played no role, though the canyons have been shown previously to channel UCDW across the shelf into Marguerite Bay.

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10

Kamarullah, M. Advan, Agus Triantoro, and Marselinus Untung Dwiatmoko. "Analisis pengaruh air asam tambang sekitar Disposal UCW di PT Jorong Barutama Greston." Jurnal Himasapta 7, no. 2 (September 22, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jhs.v7i2.6434.

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Disposal UCW pada PT JBG sejak awal penimbunan belum melakukan pemisahan antara material PAF dan NAF. Persoalan lingkungan yang ditimbulkan karena pengaruh AAT baik selama kegiatan penambangan maupun pasca penambangan adalah menurunnya kualitas air tanah jika dialirkan ke sungai, hal ini akan berdampak kepada masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah aliran sungai. Maka dari itu diperlukan adanya analisis pengaruh AAT, pemetaan sebaran pola aliran AAT dan pengujian kualitas air.Dalam penelitian ini, sampling dilakukan pada 24 titik lindian di Disposal UCW dan sekitarnya yang selanjutnya akan dilakukan uji laboratorium untuk mengetahui baku mutu air, dan mengkorelasikan hasil pengujian sesuai dengan Pergub Kalsel No. 036 Tahun 2008.Karakteristik AAT di Disposal UCW ditunjukkan oleh empat parameter, dimana pH rendah (2,5-3,7), konsentrasi logam Fe secara umum cukup rendah dan konsentrasi logam Mn secara umum tinggi serta tingkat kekeruhan atau TSS secara umum rendah. Berdasarkan penelitian dan evaluasi keadaan di Disposal UCW, perlu dilakukan penanganan pengolahan AAT, yakni pembuatan Open Limestone Channel yang dibuat di tiga area. Di sisi utara disposal, dengan panjang 100 m, lebar 4 m, tinggi 1 m, dan kemiringan 27o. Kemudian di sisi barat dan selatan disposal dengan panjang 50 m, lebar 4 m, tinggi 1 m, dan kemiringan 27o.

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11

González-Dávila, M., J. M. Santana-Casiano, R. A. Fine, J. Happell, B. Delille, and S. Speich. "Carbonate system buffering in the water masses of the Southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean during February–March 2008." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2011): 435–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-435-2011.

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Abstract. Carbonate system variables were measured in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean along a transect from South Africa to the southern limit of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in February–March 2008. Eddies detach from retroflection of the Agulhas Current located north of the Subantarctic Front (SAF). The eddies increase the gradients observed at the fronts so that minima in fCO2 and maxima in pH in situ on either side of the frontal zone are observed, while within the frontal zone fCO2 reached maximum values and pH in situ was a minimum. Mixing at the frontal zones, in particular where cyclonic rings were located, brought up CO2-rich water (low pH and high nutrient) that spread out the fronts where recent biological production favored by the nutrient input increases the pH in situ and decreases the fCO2 levels. Vertical distributions of water masses were described by their carbonate system properties and their relationship to CFC concentrations. Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) had pHT,25 values of 7.56 and 7.61, respectively. UCDW also had higher concentrations of CFC-12 (>0.2 pmol kg−1) as compared to deeper waters, revealing the mixing with recently ventilated waters. Calcite and aragonite saturation states (Ω) were also affected by the presence of these two water masses with high carbonate concentration. Ωarag = 1 was observed at 1000 m in the subtropical area and north of the SAF. At the position of the Polar front and under the influence of UCDW and LCDW Ωarag = 1 deepen from 600 m to 1500 m at 50.37° S, and it reaches to 700 m south of 57.5° S. High latitudes are the most sensitive areas under future anthropogenic carbon increase. Buffer coefficients related to changes in [CO2], [H+] and Ω with changes in CT and AT showed the minimum values are found in the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), and UCDW layers. These coefficients suggest that a small increase in CT will sharply decrease the pH and the carbonate saturation states. Here we present data that are used to suggest that south of 55° S by the year 2045 surface water will be undersaturated in aragonite.

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12

Martinson, D. G., and D. C. McKee. "Transport of warm Upper Circumpolar Deep Water onto the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf." Ocean Science 8, no. 4 (July 10, 2012): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-8-433-2012.

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Abstract. Five thermistor moorings were placed on the continental shelf of the western Antarctic Peninsula (between 2007 and 2010) in an effort to identify the mechanism(s) responsible for delivering warm Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) onto the broad continental shelf from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) flowing over the adjacent continental slope. Historically, four mechanisms have been suggested: (1) eddies shed from the ACC, (2) flow into the cross-shelf-cutting canyons with overflow onto the nominal shelf, (3) general upwelling, and (4) episodic advective diversions of the ACC onto the shelf. The mooring array showed that for the years of deployment, the dominant mechanism is eddies; upwelling may also contribute but to an unknown extent. Mechanism 2 played no role, though the canyons have been shown previously to channel UCDW across the shelf into Marguerite Bay. Mechanism 4 played no role independently, though eddies may be advected within a greater intrusion of the background flow.

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13

Stringheta, Carolina Pessoa, Rina Andréa Pelegrine, Victor Angelo Martins Montalli, James L. Gutmann, and Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno. "Influence of apical preparation size and final irrigation protocol on the debridement of oval root canals." Brazilian Dental Journal 32, no. 6 (November 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202104280.

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Abstract This study assessed the influence of apical preparation size and final irrigation protocol on the debridement of the apical third of oval root canals of mandibular molars. Seventy-seven distal roots were divided into 7 groups (n = 11): Control: without instrumentation or irrigation; Group 30CI: ProTaper Next (up to size 30; PTN) + conventional irrigation (CI); Group 30UAI: PTN + ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI); Group 30XPF: PTN + XP-endo Finisher (XPF); Group 40CI: PTN + ProDesign Logic (up to size 40; PDL) + CI; Group 40UAI: PTN + PDL + UAI; and Group 40XPF: PTN + PDL + XPF. The total volume of irrigating solutions used per root canal in all the experimental groups was 33 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 6 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). After specimen processing and histological analysis under a digital microscope (100x), the percentages of untouched canal walls (UCW) and remaining debris (RD) were assessed using Image J software. A descriptive and exploratory analysis was conducted, indicating that the data failed to meet the assumptions of an analysis of variance. Therefore, generalized linear models were used to assess the effects of the different instrumentation and irrigation protocols, as well as the interaction among them, on the percentage of UCW and RD. No significant difference was found among the irrigation protocols regarding the percentage of UCW, irrespective of apical preparation size (p>0.05). However, UCW and RD were significantly lower in groups 40CI, 40UAI and 40XPF than in groups 30CI, 30UAI and 30XPF (p<0.05). The percentage of RD was significantly lower in the UAI and XPF groups than in the CI groups, irrespective of apical preparation size (p<0.05). The difference between preparation sizes 30 and 40, with respect to RD, was higher when CI was used (p<0.05). In conclusion, instrumentation up to apical preparation size 40 resulted in lower percentages of UCW and RD than up to apical preparation size 30. Use of UAI or XPF resulted in lower percentages of RD than CI.

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Zhang, Qing Dong, and Xian Lin Chen. "New Six-High Mills in Cold Tandem Rolling - Control Strategies and Performance Characteristics." Advanced Materials Research 572 (October 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.572.1.

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Two new types of six-high cold mills, CVC6 and UCMW, are equally equipped with perfect control systems to meet demands for thinner sheet products with better profile and flatness but diverse from each other in strategy of control. To strike a balance between them is the problem for analysis.

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15

Chalid, A., and A. Mulyadi. "Study of climate change effect on water balance in upper Citarum Watershed, the Krueng Cunda Watershed, and the Woske Watershed, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012074.

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Abstract The community feels the changes in water availability due to climate change will directly impact water availability, especially water availability in rivers, reservoirs and other water reservoirs. The purpose of this analysis is to determine changes in the rainy season shift, changes in mainstay discharge, and the effect of climate change on water balance. The results show a shift in the rainy season and a significant decrease in rainfall during the last ten years. In the Upper Citarum watershed (UCW), there is a change in the maximum and minimum mainstay discharge in the three watersheds. Climate change significantly affects the water balance in a watershed. Meanwhile, in the Krueng Cunda watershed (KCW) and the Woske watersheds (WW), there was a decrease in the value of the water balance, which was the same as the UCW. However, still able to meet the water needs of the population. There was a decrease in the value of the water balance, which was the same as the UCW, but still able to meet the population’s water needs.

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Tan, Jiawei, Jingming Cai, and Jiabin Li. "Recycling of unseparated construction and demolition waste (UCDW) through geopolymer technology." Construction and Building Materials 341 (July 2022): 127771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127771.

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17

Francis-Brown, Suzanne, and Peter Francis. "Norman & Dawbarn, the UCWI, and Tropical Modernist Architecture in Jamaica." Caribbean Quarterly 65, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00086495.2019.1565219.

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18

Hanrahan, J. P. "Phenotypic and genetic variation for ovulation rate in Cambridge sheep." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010205.

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The Cambridge is a highly prolific composite breed derived mainly from the Clun Forest (53%) and Finnish Landrace (25%) breeds with minor contributions from ten other breeds (Owen et al 1980; Owen, 1982). Ovulation rate in Cambridge ewes is characterised by high variability (range 2-13; CV = 0.55) and high repeatability (r = 0.86) between years (Hanrahan and Owen, 1985). These observations suggest the segregation of a gene with a large effect on ovulation rate. Further investigations of variation in ovulation rate have been undertaken based on a small flock of Cambridge ewes and crossbred progeny of six Cambridge rams.Based on a single measurement of ovulation rate in October, 1983 on Cambridge ewes in the flock of University College of North Wales (UCNW) nine ewes were selected and imported to Ireland, together with four ram lambs, in August, 1984. The ewes chosen were those with the highest ovulation rate of those available (mean = 7.9) and the ram lambs were selected from dams with the highest ovulation rate (mean = 7.0). One additional ram lamb was purchased in 1985 from a private breeder in Northern Ireland who had purchased the parents from the UCNW flock.

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Du, Xiao Zhong, Quan Yang, and Qing Xue Huang. "Equation of Shape Control and Edge Drop on UCMW Tandem Cold Mill." Advanced Materials Research 572 (October 2012): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.572.94.

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Edge drop of strip and sheet is a key technological issue besides of gauge control and shape control during the process of wide strip rolling, the reasonable control procedure of edge drop can increase the qualified product ratio, as well the quality and performance of product, it is especially effective for the silicon steel sheet, tin sheet and automobile body sheet. Therefore, more researchers focus on the edge drop of strip and its control technology in recent years. In this paper, a new strip profile control equation is established originally, according to the ways of strip shape control technology of large-scale tandem cold rolling mills. The new equation describes both the shape control and edge drop control. Some verification is developed in the equation based on the 1420mm UCMW tandem cold mill. The research result about mechanics of edge drop and it's control have been applied in tandem cold rolling mill. The good result is obtained according to the field measured data, and the control precision is increased greatly.

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Tao, Hao, Hongbo Li, Jian Shao, Jie Zhang, Yujin Liu, and Xuechang You. "Research on Shape Control Characteristics of Non-oriented Silicon Steel for UCMW Cold Rolling Mill." Metals 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10081066.

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In order to analyze the flatness control characteristics for a certain UCMW (Universal Crown Mill with Work roll shifting) cold rolling mill, combined with the actual parameters in the field, a static simulation model of the quarter roll systems of the UCMW cold rolling mill was established by the ANSYS finite element software. The bearing roll gaps under the factors of the unit width rolling force, the roll bending force and the roll shift were calculated, which reflects the shape control characteristics and has a great influence on the friction and lubrication characteristics between the roll gaps. Additionally, the shape control strategy of the process parameters in the field was put forward. The results show that, at first, the work roll shift is the most effective shape control means, while the current-used range of the intermediate roll shift cannot make full use of the roll end contour of the intermediate roll, so the intermediate roll negative shift should be considered for shape control. At second, the excessive rolling force goes against the shape control, so the rolling force of each stand should be reasonably distributed. Finally, the shape control ability of the bending force is relatively weak, so the range of the work roll bending force should be appropriately increased.

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Huang, Canyi, Lina Cui, Hong Xia, Qiu Yiping, and Qing-Qing Ni. "Influence of Crimp and Inter-Yarn Friction on the Mechanical Properties of Woven Fabric under Uniaxial/Biaxial Tensile Loading." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, no. 6(144) (December 31, 2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3797.

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In the present research, a physical-geometric-feature of continuous yarn in a plain woven fabric was created and its FE model was analysed by considering the two key issues of woven fabric, the crimp and inter-yarn friction. The basic parameters of Young’s modulus of single yarn and the inter-yarn friction coefficient were investigated for practical fabrics in tensile and pull-out tests. FE analysis indicated that the stress-strain curves of the FE model were effective in evaluating the equivalent modulus of a woven fabric by comparing with a tensile experiment on Twaron CT® Plain Woven Fabric. In addition, a simplified three dimensional model of the unit cell of plain woven fabric (UCPW) was employed to quantitively investigate two important fabric characteristics – the crimp rate of the yarn and inter-yarn friction-to determine their influence on the mechanical properties of the fabrics. Furthermore, we used FE analysis to evaluate how the crimp rate and inter-yarn friction affected the mechanical properties by determining the equivalent modulus of single yarn and UCPW in both uniaxial and biaxial tensile loading. The stresses at representative nodal points and the mechanical interaction between yarns were also investigated from a microscopic perspective, and their deformation mechanisms were also analysed and discussed.

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Dogru, Selcuk, Ferit Cakir, and Bulent Akbas. "Structural evaluation of unitized curtain wall systems by using inter-story drift test." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 8, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2022.01.003.

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A curtain wall enhances the aesthetic appeal of a building and protects it from harmful environmental conditions. As one of the most significant façade curtain walls, Unitized Curtain Wall Systems (UCWS) are constructed concurrently with the construction of the structural framing system. Because of their lightness, ease of application, functionality, and various design possibilities, UCWSs are frequently used as exterior panels on high-rise buildings. UCWSs must be designed to resist external loads such as wind and seismic load during their lifetime. A structural performance evaluation of the UCWSs is therefore one of the most important criteria for their design. American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) suggests conducting a full-scale test on a mock-up to determine the structural performance in accordance with AAMA 501.4. In this study, an inter-story drift test was performed according to the AAMA 501.4 standard on a two-story UCWS system, comprised of six panels 1430.8 mm wide and 4215 mm high. The structural behavior of the system was assessed using horizontal and vertical displacement meters that were placed at various points in the system. In addition, a simplified numerical model of the system was prepared and experimental studies were supported by finite element analysis.

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Falshtynskyi, V., A. Koshka, and V. Sulaiev. "Research at the stand of technology of underground coal gasification through wells (UCGW)." Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 57 (March 30, 2019): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/57.064.

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Struve, Torben, David J. Wilson, Tina van de Flierdt, Naomi Pratt, and Kirsty C. Crocket. "Middle Holocene expansion of Pacific Deep Water into the Southern Ocean." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908138117.

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The Southern Ocean is a key region for the overturning and mixing of water masses within the global ocean circulation system. Because Southern Ocean dynamics are influenced by the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SWW), changes in the westerly wind forcing could significantly affect the circulation and mixing of water masses in this important location. While changes in SWW forcing during the Holocene (i.e., the last ∼11,700 y) have been documented, evidence of the oceanic response to these changes is equivocal. Here we use the neodymium (Nd) isotopic composition of absolute-dated cold-water coral skeletons to show that there have been distinct changes in the chemistry of the Southern Ocean water column during the Holocene. Our results reveal a pronounced Middle Holocene excursion (peaking ∼7,000–6,000 y before present), at the depth level presently occupied by Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW), toward Nd isotope values more typical of Pacific waters. We suggest that poleward-reduced SWW forcing during the Middle Holocene led to both reduced Southern Ocean deep mixing and enhanced influx of Pacific Deep Water into UCDW, inducing a water mass structure that was significantly different from today. Poleward SWW intensification during the Late Holocene could then have reinforced deep mixing along and across density surfaces, thus enhancing the release of accumulated CO2 to the atmosphere.

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Zhou, Xiao Min, and Xiao Xu Cheng. "The Analysis of Influence on the Edge Drop of Tandem Cold Rolling Mill." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.363.

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Edge-drop control enlarges the shape control theories and technologies. But compared to the profile and flatness control technology, the edge drop control is a developing topic. This paper analyze the influence of strip thickness, strip width, reduction ratio, friction coefficient and deformation resistance on the edge drop based on the elastic deformation of rolls and the three-dimensional plastic deformation of strip for UCMW cold rolling mill. The results will support the further research on the edge drop control for cold rolling mill.

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McKee, Darren C., Douglas G. Martinson, and Oscar Schofield. "Origin and Attenuation of Mesoscale Structure in Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions to an Antarctic Shelf." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 5 (May 2019): 1293–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0133.1.

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Cross-isobath transport of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) provides a major source of heat to the Antarctic continental shelves. Adaptive sampling with a Slocum glider revealed that the UCDW regularly intrudes onto the western Antarctic Peninsula shelf within mesoscale eddies, and a linear stability analysis of the shelf-break current upstream confirmed eddy length scales and vertical structure are consistent with the baroclinic instability of the current. The properties of the most unstable mode are insensitive to current orientation but sensitive to bottom slope in accordance with modified Eady theory. Once on the shelf, the eddies’ core properties mix with ambient shelf water to form modified CDW (mCDW). Concurrent shipboard CTD and ADCP data are used to diagnose the responsible mixing processes and highlight the importance of thermohaline intrusions. The genesis mechanism of the interleaving layers cannot be confirmed, however a simple analytic model suggests the upper limit contribution of advection by internal waves cannot account for the observed temperature variance unless the cross-eddy temperature gradient is large. Data-adaptive sampling of an eddy with the glider revealed it lost heat across two isopycnals and a fixed radius at a rate of 7 × 109J s−1over 3.9 days. This rate is corroborated by a diffusion model initialized with the eddy’s initial hydrographic properties and informed by the heat fluxes parameterized from the shipboard data. The results suggest eddies predominately lose heat laterally and downward, which preserves subsurface heat for melting of marine-terminating glaciers.

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Wang, Lu Bing, Lin Jing Yan, An Rui He, and Guang Lin Li. "Research and Optimization for Transverse Thickness Difference Control Strategy of UCMW Cold Tandem Mill." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1520.

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Transverse thickness difference is a key index of plate shape for electrical steel product. This paper analyzed and optimized original automatic control system for transverse thickness difference of MH UCMW rolling mill. By adding Multi-points assessment in edge drop region, steep drop width is reduced, and system yield is improved; By optimizing rigid control strategy into flexible control strategy, using three stands control instead of two stands, and rationally allocating each stand load for edge drop control, transverse thickness difference quality level is improved, and rolling stability is promoted. Based on control system optimization, control ability for transverse thickness difference is significantly improved, head-tail ultra gauge length is shortened from 110 meter to 50 meter, and transverse thickness difference high-quality ratio is improved from 35% to 87%.

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Wang, Lu Bing, Lin Jing Yan, An Rui He, and Yu Jing Liu. "Research on Broken Edge Wave Control Strategy Caused by Edge Drop Control in UCMW Cold Tandem Rolling." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 1525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1525.

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Taking MH UCMW cold tandem mill as research object, broken edge wave generating mechanism and characteristics were analyzed which caused by edge drop control. Based on original control strategy, an automatic edge wave control model was developed, and edge drop control strategy was optimized. Effect of taper work roll shifting and taper shape on broken edge wave were analyzed by actual rolling data. Results show that broken edge wave decreases with effective contact depth increasing of taper work roller and strip. Optimized control system application eliminate broken edge wave, and improve automatic shape control accuracy.

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Lexchin, Joel. "Pharmaceuticals, Patents, and Politics: Canada and Bill C-22." International Journal of Health Services 23, no. 1 (January 1993): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ucwg-ybr3-x3l0-nwyt.

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In response to high drug prices, the Canadian government amended the country's patent act in 1969 to allow for compulsory licensing to import pharmaceuticals. As a result of the legislation, by 1983 drug costs in Canada were over $200 million lower than they would otherwise have been. The multinational drug industry was strongly opposed to compulsory licensing, despite any evidence that its economic position had been harmed. Restoration of patent protection for drugs was one of the key U.S. demands during free-trade negotiations between Canada and the United States in 1985–1987. The result was Bill C-22, which gave new drugs protection from compulsory licensing for seven to ten years. This article analyzes the impact of Bill C-22 on the generic industry, the creation of jobs in research and development, drug prices, and research and development expenditures. It concludes with an examination of future demands from the pharmaceutical industry.

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DENG, SHIQIANG, and LIN YE. "Influence of Fibre-Matrix Adhesion on Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Epoxy Composites: III. Impact and Dynamic Mechanical Properties." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 19, no. 9 (January 1, 2000): 689–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/ucwj-hv2g-cerg-3l59.

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ISMAIL, HANAFI, S. TAN, and B. T. POH. "Curing and Mechanical Properties of Nitrile and Natural Rubber Blends." Journal of Elastomers and Plastics 33, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/dqn6-qxa0-uc3w-u45h.

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Bonecker, Ana C. T., Cristina De O. Dias, Marcia S. De Castro, Pedro F. De Carvalho, Adriana V. Araujo, Rodolfo Paranhos, Anderson S. Cabral, and Sergio L. C. Bonecker. "Vertical distribution of mesozooplankton and ichthyoplankton communities in the South-western Atlantic Ocean (23°14′1″S 40°42′19″W)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417001989.

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A study was conducted over eight consecutive days in February 2010 in which daily variations in the vertical distributions of heterotrophic bacteria, mesozooplankton and ichthyoplankton at 1–1200 m in the South-western Atlantic Ocean were investigated. Diurnal and nocturnal samples were collected at an oceanographic station at four regional depths: Tropical Water (TW) (1 m), South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) (250 m), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) (800 m) and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) (1200 m). Bacterial, mesozooplankton and larval fish densities significantly differed between sample depths but not between sampling tow times. In total, 154 zooplankton species and 18 larval fish species were identified. The highest number of taxa was obtained from the night-time TW trawls. This depth zone had the highest densities of mesozooplankton, larval fish and bacterioplankton (auto and heterotrophic), associated with the highest temperature and salinity and the lowest inorganic nutrient concentrations. Two sample groups were identified based on their mesozooplankton and larval fish compositions: night-time TW and other water masses (daytime TW, SACW, AAIW and UCDW). Thirty-two indicator species were detected in night-time TW. The copepod Nullosetigera impar was, to the best of our knowledge, identified for the first time on the Brazilian coast. Our results showed significant variability in the abundance and vertical distribution of mesozooplankton, bacterioplankton and larval fish along the water column in an oceanic area. We have provided new data and insights on the composition and vertical distribution of mesozooplankton, larval fish and bacterioplankton in deep waters in the South-western Atlantic Ocean.

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Hu, Ruigeng, Xiuhai Wang, Hongjun Liu, Hao Leng, and Yao Lu. "Scour Characteristics and Equilibrium Scour Depth Prediction around a Submarine Piggyback Pipeline." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030350.

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Local scour around a submarine piggyback pipeline in combined waves and current is investigated experimentally. Based on the experimental results, the scour evolution and scour morphology are firstly analyzed. Then, a comparison with the equilibrium scour depth Seq between the present experimental data and predicted results is conducted. After that, the correlation between the dimensionless scour timescale T* and the maximum Shields parameter θcw is investigated, and a formula is obtained to describe the variation trend between T* and θcw for different gap ratios G/D. Furthermore, the parametric study is carried out to study the effects of Reynolds number Red and θcw on Seq, respectively. The results indicate that the Seq below the piggyback pipeline increases when the gap ratio G/D increases from 0 to 0.1, and it gradually decreases when G/D > 0.1. For a given KC, the Seq increases with the increase of the ratio of velocities Ucw. In addition, when Ucw is fixed, a higher KC results in a greater Seq. The T* is closely related to θcw and G/D. The higher Red and θcw both tend to result in the greater scour depth below a piggyback pipeline in combined waves and current.

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Hu, Ruigeng, Xiuhai Wang, Hongjun Liu, and Yao Lu. "Experimental Study of Local Scour around Tripod Foundation in Combined Collinear Waves-Current Conditions." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121373.

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A series of laboratory experiments were conducted in a wave-current flume to investigate the scour evolution and scour morphology around tripod in combined waves and current. The tripod model was made using the 3D printing technology, and it was installed in seabed with three installation angles α = 0°, 90°and 180° respectively. In the present study, the scour evolution and scour characteristic were first analyzed. Then, the equilibrium scour depth Seq was investigated. Furthermore, a parametric study was carried out to study the effects of Froude number Fr and Euler number Eu on equilibrium scour depth Seq respectively. Finally, the effects of tripod’s structural elements on Seq were discussed. The results indicate that the maximum scour hole appeared underneath the main column for installation angle α = 0°, 90° and 180°. The Seq for α = 90° was greater than the case of α = 0° and α = 180°, implying the tripod suffered from more severe scour for α = 90°. When KC was fixed, the dimensionless time scale T* for α = 90° was slightly larger than the case of α = 0° and α = 180° and the T* was linearly correlated with Ucw in the range of 0.347 < Ucw < 0.739. The higher Fr and Eu both resulted in the greater scour depth for tripod in combined waves and current. The logarithmic formula can depict the general trend of Seq and Fr (Eu) for tripod in combined waves and current.

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Prézelin, Barbara B., Eileen E. Hofmann, Claudia Mengelt, and John M. Klinck. "The linkage between Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) and phytoplankton assemblages on the west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf." Journal of Marine Research 58, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 165–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224000321511133.

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DÓRA, BALÁZS, KAZUMI MAKI, and ATTILA VIROSZTEK. "RECENT ADVANCES IN UNCONVENTIONAL DENSITY WAVES." Modern Physics Letters B 18, no. 09 (April 10, 2004): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984904006925.

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The unconventional density wave (UDW) was speculated on as a possible electronic ground state in the excitonic insulator in 1968. The recent surge of interest in UDW's is partly due to the proposal that the pseudogap phase in high Tc cuprate superconductors is a d-wave density wave (d-DW). Here we review our recent works on UDW's within the framework of mean field theory. In particular, we have shown that many properties of the low temperature phase (LTP) in α-( BEDT-TTF )2 MHg ( SCN )4, with M = K , Rb and Tl , are well characterized in terms of the unconventional charge density wave (UCDW). In this identification the Landau quantization of the quasiparticle motion in a magnetic field (the Nersesyan effect) plays the crucial role. Indeed, the angle-dependent magnetoresistance and the negative giant Nernst effect are two hallmarks of UDW's.

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37

Benez-Secanho, Fabio Jose, and Puneet Dwivedi. "Analyzing the impacts of land use policies on selected ecosystem services in the upper Chattahoochee Watershed, Georgia, United States." Environmental Research Communications 3, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 115001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac310c.

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Abstract The rapid rate of urbanization within the Upper Chattahoochee Watershed (UCW) is threatening the provision of ecosystem services (ESs) for six million residents of the Atlanta Metropolitan Area. This study uses the land cover change model TerrSet to project future land cover from 2016 to 2040. The modular toolset InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) is used to assess the efficacy of four land use policies in maintaining the provision of three ESs (carbon storage, wildlife habitat, and water quality) within the UCW. The Baseline scenario represents past urbanization trends, whereas the Urbanization scenario accounts for a higher urban growth rate. The Plan 2040 scenario includes existing policy guidelines, and the Conservation scenario adds forested riparian buffer areas. Two integrated indexes and an economic valuation of ESs were used to combine all ESs and analyze the overall performance of each policy. The first index uses unequal weights for ESs based on the Analytical Hierarchical Process, whereas the second index uses equal weights. The values of both integrated indexes and economic values were highest in the Conservation scenario and lowest in the Urbanization scenario. No significant differences in the provision of ESs were found between the Baseline and the Plan 2040 scenarios. However, the integrated indexes and economic values for both land use policies declined over time. Our study will feed into the ongoing movement of sustainable watershed management for ensuring the provision of ESs, especially for rapidly urbanizing cities worldwide, in general, and in the United States, in particular.

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Haas, Henrique, Furkan Dosdogru, Latif Kalin, and Haw Yen. "Soft Data in Hydrologic Modeling: Prediction of Ecologically Relevant Flows with Alternate Land Use/Land Cover Data." Water 13, no. 21 (October 20, 2021): 2947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13212947.

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Watershed-scale hydrological models have become important tools to understand, assess, and predict the impacts of natural and anthropogenic-driven activities on water resources. However, model predictions are associated with uncertainties stemming from sources such as model input data. As an important input to most watershed models, land use/cover (LULC) data can affect hydrological predictions and influence the interpretation of modeling results. In addition, it has been shown that the use of soft data will further ensure the quality of modeling results to be closer to watershed behavior. In this study, the ecologically relevant flows (ERFs) are the primary soft data to be considered as a part of the modeling processes. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of LULC input data on the hydrological responses of the rapidly urbanizing Upper Cahaba River watershed (UCRW) located in Alabama, USA. Two sources of LULC data, i.e., National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and Digitized Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images, were used as input in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for the years 1992 and 2011 using meteorological data from 1988 to 2013. The model was calibrated at the watershed outlet against daily streamflow from 1988 to 1993 using the 1992 LULC data and validated for the 2008–2013 period using the 2011 LULC datasets. The results show that the models achieved similar performances with both LULC datasets during the calibration and validation periods according to commonly used statistical rating metrics such as Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and model percent bias (PBIAS). However, LULC input information had substantial impacts on simulated ERFs such as mean monthly streamflow, maximum and minimum flows of different durations, and low flow regimes. This study demonstrates that watershed models based on different sources of LULC and applied under different LULC temporal conditions can achieve equally good performances in predicting streamflow. However, substantial differences might exist in predicted hydrological regimes and ERF metrics depending on the sources of LULC data and the LULC year considered. Our results reveal that LULC data can significantly impact the simulated flow regimes of the UCRW with underlaying influences on the predicted biotic and abiotic structures of aquatic and riparian habitats.

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39

Forteza-Genestra, Maria Antònia, Miquel Antich-Rosselló, Javier Calvo, Antoni Gayà, Marta Monjo, and Joana Maria Ramis. "Purity Determines the Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells." Cells 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020422.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently identified as vital components of cell-based therapies based on the observation that conditioned media from cultured stromal cells reproduce some of the beneficial effects of intact cells. In order to obtain clinically active EVs derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) different procedures have been reported in the literature. Usually, non-confluent cells are incubated with culture medium for 48 h either with EV-depleted Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) or without FBS. Our aim was to compare the effects of EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation from human umbilical cord MSC conditioned media obtained using these two conditions: with EV-depleted FBS (UC) or without FBS (UCw/o) on the mRNA expression levels of extracellular matrix related genes using the mouse chondrogenic cell line ATDC-5. We observed a deleterious effect on chondrogenic cells treated with UCw/o, showing higher mRNA expression levels of different metalloproteinases and decorin (Dcn) and lower collagen (Col1a1 and Col2a1) and aggrecan (Acan) mRNA levels. To elucidate whether this deleterious effect was induced by the EVs or by any proteins co-purified in the EV pellet, we used size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to further purify the EV pellet, obtaining an EV enriched fraction (EV or EVw/o) and a protein enriched fraction (Prot or Protw/o). Our results pointed that the negative effect on the chondrogenic cell line was due to the contaminant proteins coisolated with the EVs by ultracentrifugation and not from the EVs themselves. Thus, these results highlight the importance of working with well purified EV preparations to specifically achieve their therapeutic effect.

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Bonecker, Ana Cristina Teixeira, Mário Katsuragawa, Márcia Salustiano de Castro, Eduardo De Araújo Pinto Gomes, Cláudia Akemi Pereira Namiki, and Maria De Lourdes Zani-Teixeira. "Larval fish of the Campos Basin, southeastern Brazil." Check List 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.6.1280.

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Studies on the vertical distribution of larval fish in water masses along the Brazilian coast are very rare. The present study aimed to identify larval fish occurring in the surface (1 m) layer and at depth in four water masses of the Campos Basin, southeastern Brazil: South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) (250 m), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) (800 m), Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) (1,200 m) and North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) (2,300 m). Material used in this study was obtained in 2009 through nocturnal horizontal stratified hauls using a Multinet (500 μm mesh size) during both rainy (February to April) and dry periods (August to September). A total of 10,978 fish larvae comprising 169 taxa were identified during the rainy (n = 6,015) and dry (n = 4,963) periods. The number of taxa decreased as the sampling depth increased. Larvae of Clupeidae, Engraulidae and Scombridae dominated in samples collected in the surface layer, while Sternoptychidae and Myctophidae were the most representative families in SACW. The other three water masses were dominated by Gonostomatidae larvae.

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Yoon, Yang Ho. "Marine Bio-environmental Characteristics with the Distributions of Dinoflagellate Cyst Assemblages in the Ulsan Coastal Waters (UCW)." Environmental Biology Research 35, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11626/kjeb.2017.35.3.361.

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Downes, Stephanie M., Anand Gnanadesikan, Stephen M. Griffies, and Jorge L. Sarmiento. "Water Mass Exchange in the Southern Ocean in Coupled Climate Models." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 1756–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jpo4586.1.

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Abstract The authors estimate water mass transformation rates resulting from surface buoyancy fluxes and interior diapycnal fluxes in the region south of 30°S in the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) model-based state estimation and three free-running coupled climate models. The meridional transport of deep and intermediate waters across 30°S agrees well between models and observationally based estimates in the Atlantic Ocean but not in the Indian and Pacific, where the model-based estimates are much smaller. Associated with this, in the models about half the southward-flowing deep water is converted into lighter waters and half is converted to denser bottom waters, whereas the observationally based estimates convert most of the inflowing deep water to bottom waters. In the models, both Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) are formed primarily via an interior diapycnal transformation rather than being transformed at the surface via heat or freshwater fluxes. Given the small vertical diffusivity specified in the models in this region, the authors conclude that other processes such as cabbeling and thermobaricity must be playing an important role in water mass transformation. Finally, in the models, the largest contribution of the surface buoyancy fluxes in the Southern Ocean is to convert Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) and AAIW into lighter Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW).

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Čebašek, Vladimir, Veljko Rupar, Stevan Đenadić, and Filip Miletić. "Cutting Resistance Laboratory Testing Methodology for Underwater Coal Mining." Minerals 11, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060564.

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The bucket-wheel dredge “Kovin I” for underwater coal mining with bucket-wheel type UCW-450 has been in operation for over 20 years. Based on analyzing the bucket-wheel dredger performance, productivity, maintenance costs, and reliability, a rational decision was made: to rehabilitate the most essential parts of the dredge, including the bucket wheel and the gearbox. However, the selection and construction of the excavator parts were performed on the ground of available laboratory data for digging resistance. The data itself was determined by the testing methodology that did not include the influence of surrounding water pressure at a certain depth of mining. According to the previous findings, it was necessary to develop a specific research and testing program that would involve appropriate laboratory testing of the geomechanical parameters. These were to represent the influence of hydrostatic water pressure on the working environment—coal. Nevertheless, geomechanical laboratory research tests were initially modified to provide reliable data of cutting resistance, especially in the water under different hydrostatic pressures, fully simulating the “in situ” working conditions of mining, i.e., cutting.

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Yakar, Anıl, Cengiz Türe, Onur Can Türker, Jan Vymazal, and Çağdaş Saz. "Impacts of various filtration media on wastewater treatment and bioelectric production in up-flow constructed wetland combined with microbial fuel cell (UCW-MFC)." Ecological Engineering 117 (July 2018): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.03.016.

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45

Sumaryanto, Sri Hery Susilowati, Fitri Nurfatriani, Herlina Tarigan, Erwidodo, Tahlim Sudaryanto, and Henri Wira Perkasa. "Determinants of Farmers’ Behavior towards Land Conservation Practices in the Upper Citarum Watershed in West Java, Indonesia." Land 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101827.

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Erosion and pollution in the Citarum River have reached a very worrying stage. To overcome this problem, the government has launched the Citarum Harum program. One of the policies synergistic with the Citarum Harum program is the application of soil and water conservation principles in farming seasonal crops in the upper Citarum watershed (UCW). Historically, policies and programs for developing pro-conservation farming in this area have been carried out for at least three decades but have not been effective. Increasing the effectiveness of policies requires the existence of suitable instruments. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the attitudes and behavior of farmers in applying soil and water conservation. This study aims to identify the factors influencing farmers’ probabilities and participation in applying soil and water conservation techniques. A double-hurdle approach is used to identify determinants of farmers’ participation and intensity in applying conservation practices. The data were collected from samples of 244 farm households’ growing seasonal crops out of 499 farm households sample in the Bandung and West Bandung Districts. The results show that the determinants of farmer participation and intensity in the application of conservation lie in the ability to finance, land tenure and utilization, and the physical condition of the land. The level of education only affects participation opportunities, even if the increment is significant. In the future, conservation priorities must be more directed at a vegetative approach through developing synergistic perennial crops with particular efforts to convert vegetables on the sloping lands to perennial crops.

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O'BRIEN, P. J., E. J. ALLEN, and D. M. FIRMAN. "REVIEW A review of some studies into tuber initiation in potato (Solanum tuberosum) crops." Journal of Agricultural Science 130, no. 3 (May 1998): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698005280.

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Despite the importance of potato tubers as a source of food and a means of propagation, the initiation, growth and development of tubers and the factors affecting these processes are not well understood. There are many reported studies of the effects of various factors on the initiation of tubers but, for a number of reasons, few have sought to understand the initiation of tubers under field conditions. Most reports are concerned with experiments carried out in growth-rooms, which often used very short stem sections as planting material and in which environmental conditions, especially light intensity, differed greatly from those normally prevailing during the period of initiation in the field. In almost all field experiments, the timing of initiation was not defined or properly assessed; number of tubers was recorded infrequently and maximum number of tubers was rarely, if ever, established. Despite these deficiencies, the initiation of tubers is still widely regarded as a key developmental stage in the crop's life, having profound implications for subsequent growth and development (Ewing 1990; Ewing & Struik 1992). This view was first expressed 30 years ago (Ivins & Bremner 1965; Bremner & Radley 1966) and its general acceptance has greatly influenced studies of the growth and development of the crop. During the intervening years, the study of tuber initiation has been an important aspect of research programmes at the University College of Wales (UCW) Field Station, Tenby, Pembrokeshire (1972–84) and Cambridge University Farm (CUF), Cambridge (1982–95), which have now produced sufficient data for a re-evaluation of the significance of tuber initiation in field-grown potato crops.

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Ganchev, Ivan. "An UCWW-enabled Mobile Geographic Information System." International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijiee.2012.v2.122.

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Wang, Hao, Xueqin Yang, Ling Zou, Dingming Huang, Xuedong Zhou, Jialei Xu, and Yuan Gao. "Shaping outcome of ProTaper NEXT for root canal preparation in mandibular incisors: a micro-CT study." BMC Oral Health 22, no. 1 (July 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02335-7.

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Abstract Background Relatively high incidence of single canals with oval or round shape were observed in human mandibular incisors. In order to investigate the influence of the root canal morphology on root canal preparation, the shaping outcome of ProTaper NEXT in oval and round canals of mandibular incisors were evaluated by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Methods This experiment was approved by the School Medical Ethics Committee. The sample size calculation was conducted using G*Power software. Intact mandibular incisors with a single canal were selected. Oval canals (2 < aspect ratio (AR) ≤ 4) and round canals (AR ≤ 2) were pair-matched according to canal length, and assigned to two experimental groups (13 per group). ProTaper NEXT was used for root canal preparation for both groups. Untouched canal wall (UCW), root canal morphological parameters and three-dimensional (3D) dentin thickness were evaluated in the entire root canal and each canal third after micro-CT scanning. Statistical analysis: Data were collected and analyzed with Mann–Whitney test and Friedman test using SPSS statistics software 25 (P < 0.05). Additionally, correlations of UCW area with canal morphological parameters were also investigated. Results After root canal preparation, no significant difference was observed in all analyzed parameters in the apical third between oval and round canal groups (P > 0.05). In the coronal two thirds of the canal, the post-operative structure model index (SMI), form factor and roundness were significantly increased, while the AR was significantly decreased in both groups (P < 0.05). In addition, in the coronal two thirds, significantly more UCW and higher UCWΔ% was observed in oval canal group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, UCW correlated very strongly to canal major diameter (0.924) and initial volume (0.938), and strongly to canal form factor (− 0.724), minor diameter (0.799) and canal area (0.882). Proximal dentin wall was associated with significantly thinner pre-operative dentin thickness and higher amount of dentin removal after root canal preparation in both oval and round canal groups. Conclusions (1) Both types of canals were more conical after root canal preparation, but oval root canals tend to leave more UCW area than round canals in the coronal two thirds of mandibular incisors, which contributes to the challenge for endodontic infection control. (2) Root canal preparation usually results in excessive dentin removal in the proximal dentin wall comparing with buccal and lingual walls in both types of canals of mandibular incisors.

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Kwok, Tai Wai, Siwei Chang, and Heng Li. "Factors affecting unitized curtain wall system adoption for Hong Kong's high-rise residential buildings: a multi-stakeholder perspective." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, September 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-04-2022-0359.

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PurposeThe unitized curtain wall system (UCWS), one of the prefabricated technologies, is increasingly attracting attention in the Hong Kong construction industry. However, this innovative technology still lacks on-site implementation in high-rise residential buildings. To promote its development, this study aims at identifying the influential factors of UCWS adoption in Hong Kong's high-rise residential buildings from a multi-stakeholder perspective.Design/methodology/approachFactors were first selected through an in-depth literature review and a semi-structured interview. Then the factors were validated through a questionnaire survey using Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Test. Next, the factors were ranked regarding their importance using mean-score ranking and standard deviation. Meanwhile, different stakeholders were clustered using an experimental factor analysis (EFA) model to find the shared preferences (namely common factors).FindingsThe result shows that reduction of construction time (B1) and insufficient site storage area (C1) are the most important factors. The six stakeholder groups were clustered into two segments. B1 and improved quality control are the shared interests. While C1 and the need of specification change are the common concerns.Originality/valueThere are two major breakthroughs in this study. First is the novelty of research objects. UCWS, particularly its application preference in high-rise residential buildings, has rarely been studied, yet it is urgently required. Second is the novel research perspective. The influential factors were studied from a multi-stakeholder perspective. Not only the significant factors for six specific stakeholders but also the shared preference for stakeholder groups was identified. The findings contribute to promoting UCWS more targeted, efficient and comprehensive, as well as demonstrating the collaborative possibilities of multi-stakeholders.

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Liu, Xuehai, Yongzhi Liu, Wei Cao, and Dong Li. "Flow Pathways of Abyssal Water in the Yap Trench and Adjacent Channels and Basins." Frontiers in Marine Science 9 (July 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.910941.

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Abyssal flow pathways in the Yap Trench and adjacent regions were investigated by computing geostrophic flows and analyzing water properties. Using boundary values of potential temperature, salinity, oxygen, and silicate, the upper and lower Circumpolar Deep Waters (UCPW, LCPW) were identified as the main abyssal water masses in the trench. At the western East Mariana Basin, some of the LCPW enters the southern Mariana Trench, and the remainder reaches the northern basin and then partly turns to the northern Mariana Trench, eventually joining the southern trench. At the Yap-Mariana Junction, some LCPW enters the West Mariana Basin, and the remainder passes the region east of the Yap Trench and then flows or subsides to the northern and southern trenches, respectively. In the northern trench, the LCPW flows north into the West Mariana Basin. The UCPW enters the northern Yap Trench via the East Mariana Basin and the Mariana Trench, reaches the sill of the Yap Trench via the East Caroline Basin and a narrow channel, and enters the southern trench via the East/West Caroline and Philippine Basins. The UCPW and LCPW circulate anticlockwise in the southern trench and in the northern region of it, respectively. The LCPW may be driven by the downwelling in the trench.

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Journal articles on the topic 'UCWW'

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