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Journal articles on the topic 'UCST in water'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Safi, Syed Ragib, Toshiki Kaneko, Katsuhiro Nakahara, Takehiko Gotoh, and Takashi Iizawa. "The Removal of Hydrophobic Matter from Thermosensitive Poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) Monomethyl Ether Acrylate] Gel Adsorbent in Alcohol–Water Mixtures." Gels 8, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8040200.

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A thermosensitive gel that exhibits lower critical solution temperature (LCST) becomes hydrophilic at low temperatures and hydrophobic at high temperatures in water. A system for absorbing hydrophobic organic matters that exploits this property has been reported. While washing the gel at a low temperature with a good solvent is a possible method for removing the adsorbed matter, a process that then shrinks the gel is also required. Herein, we focused on poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) mono(m)ethyl ether acrylate] (POEGA) gels as thermosensitive gels suitable for use in this system. POEGAs are known to contain poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units in their side chains and exhibit upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in aliphatic alcohols. By exploiting this property, we developed a method for removing hydrophobic matters that accumulate in these gels; we also evaluated the LCST and UCST behavior of POEGA gels in alcohol–water mixtures, and measured the LCSTs of these gels in water and their UCSTs in some alcohols.

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2

Pham, Thu Thao, and Shin-ichi Yusa. "Thermo-Responsive Polyion Complex of Polysulfobetaine and a Cationic Surfactant in Water." Polymers 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 3171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153171.

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Poly(4-((3-methacrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)butane-1-sulfonate) (PSBP) was prepared via controlled radical polymerization. PSBP showed upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in aqueous solutions, which could be controlled by adjusting the polymer and NaCl concentrations. Owing to its pendant sulfonate anions, PSBP exhibited a negative zeta potential of −7.99 mV and formed a water-soluble ion complex with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) via attractive electrostatic interaction. A neutral PSBP/CTAB complex was formed under equimolar concentrations of the pendant sulfonate group in PSBP and the quaternary ammonium group in CTAB. Transmittance electron microscopic images revealed the spherical shape of the complex. The stoichiometrically neutral-charge PSBP/CTAB complex exhibited UCST behavior in aqueous solutions. Similar to PSBP, the phase transition temperature of the PSBP/CTAB complex could be tuned by modifying the polymer and NaCl concentrations. In 0.1 M aqueous solution, the PSBP/CTAB complex showed UCST behavior at a low complex concentration of 0.084 g/L, whereas PSBP did not exhibit UCST behavior at concentrations below 1.0 g/L. This observation suggests that the interaction between PSBP and CTAB in the complex was stronger than the interpolymer interaction of PSBP.

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3

Sun, Wenhui, and Peiyi Wu. "A molecular level study of the phase transition process of hydrogen-bonding UCST polymers." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 32 (2018): 20849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04147d.

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4

Saita, Shohei, Yuki Mieno, Yuki Kohno, and Hiroyuki Ohno. "Ammonium based zwitterions showing both LCST- and UCST-type phase transitions after mixing with water in a very narrow temperature range." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 97 (2014): 15450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc06210h.

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5

Higashi, Nobuyuki, Ryo Sonoda, and Tomoyuki Koga. "Thermo-responsive amino acid-based vinyl polymers showing widely tunable LCST/UCST behavior in water." RSC Advances 5, no. 83 (2015): 67652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13009c.

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6

Asadujjaman, Asad, Tiago Espinosa de Oliveira, Debashish Mukherji, and Annabelle Bertin. "Polyacrylamide “revisited”: UCST-type reversible thermoresponsive properties in aqueous alcoholic solutions." Soft Matter 14, no. 8 (2018): 1336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm02424j.

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7

Yao, Wenhui, Huiyong Wang, Guokai Cui, Zhiyong Li, and Jianji Wang. "Tuning phase behaviour of PEG-functionalized ionic liquids from UCST to LCST in alcohol–water mixtures." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 42 (2016): 29192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp05668g.

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8

Asadujjaman, Asad, Vahid Ahmadi, Meral Yalcin, Niels ten Brummelhuis, and Annabelle Bertin. "Thermoresponsive functional polymers based on 2,6-diaminopyridine motif with tunable UCST behaviour in water/alcohol mixtures." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 20 (2017): 3140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00539c.

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9

Zhang, Hu, Shengwei Guo, Weizheng Fan, and Yue Zhao. "Ultrasensitive pH-Induced Water Solubility Switch Using UCST Polymers." Macromolecules 49, no. 4 (February 4, 2016): 1424–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02522.

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10

Seuyep N., Denis H., Daniel Szopinski, Gerrit A. Luinstra, and Patrick Theato. "Post-polymerization modification of reactive polymers derived from vinylcyclopropane: a poly(vinylcyclopropane) derivative with physical gelation and UCST behaviour in ethanol–water mixtures." Polym. Chem. 5, no. 19 (2014): 5823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4py00740a.

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11

Wan, Wen-Ming, Peng Zhou, Fei Cheng, Xiao-Li Sun, Xin-Hu Lv, Kang-Kang Li, Hai Xu, Miao Sun, and Frieder Jäkle. "Thermo-responsive behavior of borinic acid polymers: experimental and molecular dynamics studies." Soft Matter 11, no. 36 (2015): 7159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm01464f.

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12

Audureau, Nicolas, Fanny Coumes, Jean-Michel Guigner, Thi Phuong Thu Nguyen, Christine Ménager, François Stoffelbach, and Jutta Rieger. "Thermoresponsive properties of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile)-based diblock copolymers synthesized (by PISA) in water." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 37 (2020): 5998–6008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00895h.

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UCST-type poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) diblock copolymers synthesized in water (by PISA) can not only undergo reversible temperature-induced chain dissociation, but also temperature-induced morphological transition.

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13

Audureau, Nicolas, Fanny Coumes, Jutta Rieger, and François Stoffelbach. "Poly(N-cyanoethylacrylamide), a new thermoresponsive homopolymer presenting both LCST and UCST behavior in water." Polymer Chemistry 13, no. 8 (2022): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2py00032f.

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Novel dual thermoresponsive N-cyanoethylacrylamide (CEAm)-based (co)polymers synthesized by RAFT polymerization display a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in water.

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14

Yokota, Daichi, Arihiro Kanazawa, and Sadahito Aoshima. "Precise synthesis of UCST-type amphiphilic diblock copolymers with pendant imidazolium ionic liquid segments and their thermosensitive physical gelation at extremely low concentrations in water." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 41 (2018): 5080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01139g.

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UCST-type amphiphilic diblock copolymers were synthesized via living cationic polymerization and subsequent polymer reaction and they exhibited thermosensitive physical gelation behavior at an extremely low concentration in water.

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15

Liu, Sheng, Chenglong Ge, Ying Ling, and Haoyu Tang. "Preparation and UCST-Type Phase Behaviours of Poly(γ-4-methylbenzyl-L-glutamate) Pyridinium Tetrafluoroborate Conjugates in Methanol or Water." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 3 (2017): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16344.

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Polymers with ionic liquid (IL) moieties can undergo thermally induced solution phase transitions by adjusting the balance of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity between the cations and anions of the IL moieties, thus making them attractive candidates towards various applications such as separation, sensing, and biomedicine. In the present study, a series of poly(γ-4-methylbenzyl-l-glutamate) pyridinium tetrafluoroborate conjugates (P1–P4) containing various pyridinium moieties (i.e. pyridinium, 2-methylpyridinium, 3-methylpyridinium, and 4-methylpyridinium) were prepared by nucleophilic substitution between poly(γ-4-chloromethylbenzyl-l-glutamate) and pyridine or methylpyridines with different substituent positions, followed by ion-exchange reaction in the presence of NaBF4. 1H NMR spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed the molecular structures of P1–P4. 1H NMR analysis additionally revealed that P1–P4 showed high grafting efficiency in the range of 93–97 %. P1, P3, and P4 exhibited reversible UCST-type phase behaviours in both methanol and water, whereas P2 showed a reversible UCST-type phase behaviour in water only. Variable-temperature UV-visible spectroscopy was used to characterize the solution phase behaviours and UCST-type phase transition temperature (Tpt) values of P1–P4, which were in the range of 24.9–37.2°C in methanol (3 mg mL–1) and 40.9–55.7°C in water (10 mg mL–1). Tpt decreased significantly with decreasing polymer concentrations.

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16

Ferreira, Ana M., Helena Passos, Akiyoshi Okafuji, Mara G. Freire, João A. P. Coutinho, and Hiroyuki Ohno. "Designing the thermal behaviour of aqueous biphasic systems composed of ammonium-based zwitterions." Green Chemistry 19, no. 17 (2017): 4012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc02262j.

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The design of the thermal behaviour – from an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) to a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) – of aqueous biphasic systems composed of water-soluble ammonium-based zwitterions.

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17

Kanta Sharker, Komol, Yuki Ohara, Yusuke Shigeta, Shinji Ozoe, and Shin-ichi Yusa. "Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST) Behavior of Polystyrene-Based Polyampholytes in Aqueous Solution." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020265.

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Strong polyampholytes comprising cationic vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) bearing a pendant quaternary ammonium group and anionic sodium p-styrenesulfonate (NaSS) bearing a pendant sulfonate group were prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. The resultant polymers are labelled P(VBTAC/NaSS)n, where n indicates the degree of polymerization (n = 20 or 97). The percentage VBTAC content in P(VBTAC/NaSS)n is always about 50 mol%, as revealed by 1H NMR measurements, meaning that P(VBTAC/NaSS)n is a close to stoichiometrically charge-neutralized polymer. Although P(VBTAC/NaSS)n cannot dissolve in pure water at room temperature, the addition of NaCl or heating solubilizes the polymers. Furthermore, P(VBTAC/NaSS)n exhibits upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior in aqueous NaCl solutions. The UCST is shifted to higher temperatures by increasing the polymer concentration and molecular weight, and by decreasing the NaCl concentration. The UCST behavior was measured ranging the polymer concentrations from 0.5 to 5.0 g/L.

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18

Li, Liang, Jixiang Guo, and Chuanhong Kang. "LCST-UCST Transition Property of a Novel Retarding Swelling and Thermosensitive Particle Gel." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 30, 2023): 2761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072761.

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Super absorbent resin particles used as profile control and water plugging agent remains a deficiency that the particles swells with high speed when absorbing water, resulting in low strength and limited depth of migration. To address this issue, we proposed a thermosensitive particle gel possessing the upper critical solution temperature (UCST), which was synthesized from hydrophobically modified poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVA) with glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linker. The structure of the hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The thermosensitive-transparency measurement and swelling experiment show that the hydrophobic-modified PVA solutions and corresponding hydrogels exhibited thermosensitive phase transition behaviors with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and UCST. The results indicated that the temperature-induced phase transition behavior of CHPVA hydrogels leads to their retarding swelling property and great potential as an efficient water plugging agent with excellent temperature and salt resistance.

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19

Huang, Xia, Hatice Mutlu, Shaojian Lin, and Patrick Theato. "Oxygen-switchable thermo-responsive polymers with unprecedented UCST in water." European Polymer Journal 142 (January 2021): 110156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110156.

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20

Cao, Xueteng, and Zesheng An. "RAFT Synthesis in Water of Cationic Polyelectrolytes with Tunable UCST." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 36, no. 23 (September 24, 2015): 2107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201500440.

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21

Wang, Ning, Bryan T. Seymour, Evan M. Lewoczko, Ethan W. Kent, Ming-Li Chen, Jian-Hua Wang, and Bin Zhao. "Zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s in water: from upper critical solution temperature (UCST) to lower critical solution temperature (LCST) with increasing length of one alkyl substituent on the nitrogen atom." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 43 (2018): 5257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01211c.

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22

Jung, Seo-Hyun, and Hyung-Il Lee. "Well-Defined Thermoresponsive Copolymers with Tunable LCST and UCST in Water." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 35, no. 2 (February 20, 2014): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.2.501.

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23

Ihsan, Nargis, and Koyama. "Effects of the Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance of Alternating Peptides on Self-Assembly and Thermo-Responsive Behaviors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 4604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184604.

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A series of N-substituted poly(Gly–alter–Val) peptides were successfully synthesized for the systematic evaluation of the micellization behavior of alternating peptides. Three-component polymerization employing an aldehyde, a primary ammonium chloride, and potassium isocyanoacetate afforded four alternating peptides in excellent yields. We investigated the dependence of the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of alternating peptides on the micellization behavior. All the aqueous solutions of alternating peptides exhibited upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behaviors, strongly indicating that the alternating binary pattern would mainly contribute to the UCST behaviors. The cloud points of alternating peptides shifted to higher temperatures as the side chains became more hydrophilic, which is opposite to the trend of typical surfactants. Such unusual micellization behaviors appeared to be dependent on the quasi-stable structure of single polymer chains formed in water.

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24

Cai, Shuwei, Shiyu Gu, Xian Li, Songhan Wan, Songbo Chen, and Xianru He. "Controlled grafting modification of starch and UCST-type thermosensitive behavior in water." Colloid and Polymer Science 298, no. 8 (May 14, 2020): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-020-04670-z.

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25

Lee, Hau-Nan, Brad M. Rosen, Gyorgyi Fenyvesi, and Hari B. Sunkara. "UCST and LCST phase behavior of poly(trimethylene ether) glycol in water." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 50, no. 20 (July 20, 2012): 4311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.26242.

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26

Chu, Yen-Ho, Chien-Yuan Chen, and Jin-Syuan Chen. "Structural Engineering and Optimization of Zwitterionic Salts for Expeditious Discovery of Thermoresponsive Materials." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010257.

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This work reported the discovery of N-triflimide (NTf)-based zwitter-ionic liquids (ZILs) that exhibit UCST-type phase transitions in water, and their further structural optimization in fine-tuning polarity to ultimately afford newfangled thermosensitive materials carrying attractive and biocompatible Tc values that clearly demonstrated the true value of the tunability of ZIL structure. This research established that with non-aromatic, acyclic ZILs as small-molecule thermoresponsive materials, their mixing and de-mixing with water triggered by temperatures are entirely reversible.

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27

Smotrov, Maksim P., Dmitry G. Cherkasov, and Konstantin K. Il'in. "Salting-in–salting-out effect of potassium salts on the binary liquid water + n-butoxyethanol system with a closed delamination region." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 13, no. 2 (June 12, 2021): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2021.13.177.

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The work is devoted to the comparative characteristics of the salting-in –salting-out effect of potassium formate, nitrate and perchlorate on the binary liquid water + n-butoxyethanol system with a closed delamination region in a temperature range of 10–150°C. The introduction of potassium formate or potassium nitrate into the mixtures of the critical composition of the binary water + n-butoxyethanol system leads to a decrease in the LCST (lower critical solution temperature) and an increase in the UCST (upper critical solution temperature) of this system, while the addition of potassium perchlorate leads to an increase in the LCST and a decrease in the UCST. For three ternary systems potassium salt + water + n-butoxyethanol, the distribution coefficients of n-butoxyethanol between the aqueous and organic phases of the monotectic state were calculated for several temperatures. It has been found that the distribution coefficient increases with temperature in each system. It has been established that potassium formate and potassium nitrate have a salting-out effect, the former having a particularly strong one. Potassium perchlorate at low concentrations and relatively low temperatures is characterized by a salting-in effect, which turns into a weak salting-out effect at higher temperatures. The results obtained can be used to develop practical recommendations for carrying out selective extraction of organic solvents and extractive crystallization of salts.

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28

Mertens, Chiel, Resat Aksakal, Nezha Badi, and Filip E. Du Prez. "Sequence-defined oligoampholytes using hydrolytically stable vinyl sulfonamides: design and UCST behaviour." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 29 (2021): 4193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py00662b.

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29

Morimoto, Nobuyuki, Kanna Muramatsu, Tetsuichi Wazawa, Yuichi Inoue, and Makoto Suzuki. "Self-Assembled Microspheres Driven by Dipole-Dipole Interactions: UCST-Type Transition in Water." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 35, no. 1 (December 4, 2013): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201300798.

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30

Prather, Weerasekare, Sima, Quinn, and Stewart. "Aqueous Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Natural and Synthetic Polyguanidiniums." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040649.

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Protamines are natural polyguanidiniums, arginine(R)-rich proteins involved in the compaction of chromatin during vertebrate spermatogenesis. Salmine, a protamine isolated from salmon sperm, contains 65 mol% R residues, with positively charged guanidino (Gdm+) sidechains, and no other amino acids with ionizable or aromatic sidechains. Salmine sulfate solutions undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with a concentration-dependent upper critical solution temperature (UCST). The condensed liquid phase comprises 50 wt % water and >600 mg·ml−1 salmine with a constant 1:2 ratio of sulfate (SO42−) to Gdm+. Isothermal titration calorimetry, titrating Na2SO4 into salmine chloride above and below the UCST, allowed isolation of exothermic sulfate binding to salmine chloride from subsequent endothermic condensation and exothermic phase separation events. Synthetic random polyacrylate analogs of salmine, with 3-guanidinopropyl sidechains, displayed similar counterion dependent phase behavior, demonstrating that the LLPS of polyguanidiniums does not depend upon subunit sequence or polymer backbone chirality, and was due entirely to Gdm+ sidechain interactions. The results provide experimental evidence for like-charge pairing of Gdm+ sidechains, and an experimental approach for further characterizing these interactions.

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31

Audureau, Nicolas, Fanny Coumes, Clémence Veith, Clément Guibert, Jean-Michel Guigner, François Stoffelbach, and Jutta Rieger. "Synthesis and Characterization of Temperature-Responsive N-Cyanomethylacrylamide-Containing Diblock Copolymer Assemblies in Water." Polymers 13, no. 24 (December 16, 2021): 4424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244424.

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We have previously demonstrated that poly(N-cyanomethylacrylamide) (PCMAm) exhibits a typical upper-critical solution temperature (UCST)-type transition, as long as the molar mass of the polymer is limited, which was made possible through the use of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. In this research article, we use for the first time N-cyanomethylacrylamide (CMAm) in a typical aqueous dispersion polymerization conducted in the presence of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAm) macroRAFT agents. After assessing that well-defined PDMAm-b-PCMAm diblock copolymers were formed through this aqueous synthesis pathway, we characterized in depth the colloidal stability, morphology and temperature-responsiveness of the dispersions, notably using cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and turbidimetry. The combined analyses revealed that stable nanometric spheres, worms and vesicles could be prepared when the PDMAm block was sufficiently long. Concerning the thermoresponsiveness, only diblocks with a PCMAm block of a low degree of polymerization (DPn,PCMAm < 100) exhibited a UCST-type dissolution upon heating at low concentration. In contrast, for higher DPn,PCMAm, the diblock copolymer nano-objects did not disassemble. At sufficiently high temperatures, they rather exhibited a temperature-induced secondary aggregation of primary particles. In summary, we demonstrated that various morphologies of nano-objects could be obtained via a typical polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) process using PCMAm as the hydrophobic block. We believe that the development of this aqueous synthesis pathway of novel PCMAm-based thermoresponsive polymers will pave the way towards various applications, notably as thermoresponsive coatings and in the biomedical field.

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32

Kumar, Awanish, P. Madhusudhana Reddy, and Pannuru Venkatesu. "Polyacrylic acid polymer modulates the UCST-type phase behavior of ionic liquid and water." RSC Advances 2, no. 17 (2012): 6939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ra20251d.

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33

Glatzel, Stefan, André Laschewsky, and Jean-François Lutz. "Well-Defined Uncharged Polymers with a Sharp UCST in Water and in Physiological Milieu." Macromolecules 44, no. 2 (January 25, 2011): 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma102677k.

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34

Kertsomboon, Thanit, Seema Agarwal, and Suwabun Chirachanchai. "UCST‐Type Copolymer through the Combination of Water‐Soluble Polyacrylamide and Polycaprolactone‐Like Polyester." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 41, no. 21 (August 24, 2020): 2000243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.202000243.

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35

Audureau, Nicolas, Clémence Veith, Fanny Coumes, Thi Phuong Thu Nguyen, Jutta Rieger, and François Stoffelbach. "RAFT‐Polymerized N ‐Cyanomethylacrylamide‐Based (Co)polymers Exhibiting Tunable UCST Behavior in Water." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 42, no. 23 (October 17, 2021): 2100556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.202100556.

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36

Can, Aydin, Qilu Zhang, Tobias Rudolph, Felix H. Schacher, Jean-François Gohy, Ulrich S. Schubert, and Richard Hoogenboom. "Schizophrenic thermoresponsive block copolymer micelles based on LCST and UCST behavior in ethanol–water mixtures." European Polymer Journal 69 (August 2015): 460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.008.

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37

Burkhart, Alexander, and Helmut Ritter. "Influence of cyclodextrin on the UCST- and LCST-behavior of poly(2-methacrylamido-caprolactam)-co-(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (August 21, 2014): 1951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.203.

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The monomer 2-methacrylamido-caprolactam (4) was synthesized from methacryloyl chloride (3) and racemic α-amino-ε-caprolactam (2). Copolymerization of 4 with N,N-dimethylacrylamide (5) was carried out by a free-radical mechanism using 2,2’-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) as an initiator. The new copolymers show a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water and an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol. The solubility properties of the copolymers can be influenced significantly by the addition of randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (CD). The complexation of the copolymers with CD, was confirmed by the use of ROESY-NMR-spectroscopy.

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38

Matsuda, Yasuhiro, Motoyasu Kobayashi, Masahiko Annaka, Kazuhiko Ishihara, and Atsushi Takahara. "UCST-Type Cononsolvency Behavior of Poly(2-methacryloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) in the Mixture of Water and Ethanol." Polymer Journal 40, no. 5 (March 26, 2008): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.pj2008009.

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39

Zhong, Yujiang, Xiaoshuang Feng, Wei Chen, Xinbo Wang, Kuo-Wei Huang, Yves Gnanou, and Zhiping Lai. "Using UCST Ionic Liquid as a Draw Solute in Forward Osmosis to Treat High-Salinity Water." Environmental Science & Technology 50, no. 2 (December 28, 2015): 1039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03747.

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40

Yoshimitsu, H., E. Korchagina, A. Kanazawa, S. Kanaoka, F. M. Winnik, and S. Aoshima. "Shape-switching self-assembly of new diblock copolymers with UCST-type and LCST-type segments in water." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 11 (2016): 2062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01976a.

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Novel dual thermosensitive diblock copolymers with an imidazolium salt and oxyethylene side-chains which self-assemble into micelles and vesicles in water depending on the temperature are precisely synthesized.

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41

Forero-Martinez, Nancy C., Robinson Cortes-Huerto, Antonio Benedetto, and Pietro Ballone. "Thermoresponsive Ionic Liquid/Water Mixtures: From Nanostructuring to Phase Separation." Molecules 27, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051647.

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The thermodynamics, structures, and applications of thermoresponsive systems, consisting primarily of water solutions of organic salts, are reviewed. The focus is on organic salts of low melting temperatures, belonging to the ionic liquid (IL) family. The thermo-responsiveness is represented by a temperature driven transition between a homogeneous liquid state and a biphasic state, comprising an IL-rich phase and a solvent-rich phase, divided by a relatively sharp interface. Demixing occurs either with decreasing temperatures, developing from an upper critical solution temperature (UCST), or, less often, with increasing temperatures, arising from a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In the former case, the enthalpy and entropy of mixing are both positive, and enthalpy prevails at low T. In the latter case, the enthalpy and entropy of mixing are both negative, and entropy drives the demixing with increasing T. Experiments and computer simulations highlight the contiguity of these phase separations with the nanoscale inhomogeneity (nanostructuring), displayed by several ILs and IL solutions. Current applications in extraction, separation, and catalysis are briefly reviewed. Moreover, future applications in forward osmosis desalination, low-enthalpy thermal storage, and water harvesting from the atmosphere are discussed in more detail.

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42

Jia, Xuan, Daoyong Chen, and Ming Jiang. "Preparation of PEO-b-P2VPH+–S2O82−micelles in water and their reversible UCST and redox-responsive behavior." Chem. Commun., no. 16 (2006): 1736–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b600859c.

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43

Seuring, Jan, and Seema Agarwal. "Non-Ionic Homo- and Copolymers with H-Donor and H-Acceptor Units with an UCST in Water." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 211, no. 19 (September 6, 2010): 2109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201000147.

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44

Meiswinkel, Georg, and Helmut Ritter. "Polymers from 1-Vinyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)imidazole in Water: Altering from UCST to LCST Behavior viaO-Ethylation." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 215, no. 7 (March 3, 2014): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201400064.

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45

S, Dona Prillya, Yulia Morsa Said, and Dila Oktarise Dwina. "Pengaruh Serbuk Gergaji Kayu terhadap Tanah Fat Clay Berdasarkan Indeks Properties Tanah dan Uji UCST." Jurnal Talenta Sipil 6, no. 1 (February 6, 2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/talentasipil.v6i1.204.

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Soil is the most important thing in development in the field of civil engineering. The bearing capacity of the soil is the ability of the soil to accept and withstand the load transmitted to the soil so that the structure above it does not fail due to poor soil structure. Wood sawdust is a waste of wood industry which has fiber where the fiber can increase the bearing capacity of the soil. This study used sawdust as an additive to the soil with the aim of increasing the carrying capacity of the soil by conducting experiments in the laboratory. This study uses several variants of the percentage of wood sawdust on resistance. The variants are native land, 18%, 20%, 22%, and 24% of 100% of the total percentage of land. From the results of research that has been carried out, it is obtained that the original soil properties index value is 35.89% water content, 2.68 specific gravity, 34.21% PI and soil filter analysis passes filter no.200 95.28%, then based on the uscs soil classification system classified as CH soil: inorganic clay with high plasticity, fat clay, the UCST test on the original soil yielded a value of 2.15 and for soils with a mixture of wood sawdust 2.90 kg/cm2 at a variation of 18%, 3.51 kg/cm2 at a variation of 20 %, 3.27 kg/cm2 at 22% variation, 3.02 kg/cm2 at 24% variation, which shows that there is an increase in UCST value from each variation, but the highest peak occurs at 20% variation.

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46

Liu, Yan Zhi, Yi Jing Li, Su Rui Zhao, Kun Yuan, Guo Fang Zuo, and Yuan Cheng Zhu. "Turbidity Measurements Study the Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Shading Agent Systems Containing Hydrophilic Vinyl Compounds Additives." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2669.

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The temperature sensitive behavior and the phase behavior of linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) in water-additive systems were investigated via turbidity measurements.. Three kinds of additives, including acrylic acid (AA), acryl amide (AM) andN-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP), were selected. AM and VP systems only exhibited a different lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) behavior with different additive concentrations, and in low concentration of AM or VP, LCST decreases with additive concentration increasing, but in higher concentration, LCST decreases with additive concentration increasing. However, it was first detected the coexistence of a LCST with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in AA system. The systems studied here are alternative functional molecular material for the shading agent in some special conditions.

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Roth, Peter J., Mathieu Collin, and Cyrille Boyer. "Advancing the boundary of insolubility of non-linear PEG-analogues in alcohols: UCST transitions in ethanol–water mixtures." Soft Matter 9, no. 6 (2013): 1825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2sm27427b.

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48

Pineda-Contreras, Beatriz A., Fangyao Liu, and Seema Agarwal. "Importance of compositional homogeneity of macromolecular chains for UCST-type transitions in water: Controlled versus conventional radical polymerization." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 52, no. 13 (April 22, 2014): 1878–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.27196.

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Hou, Lei, Qijing Chen, Zesheng An, and Peiyi Wu. "Understanding the thermosensitivity of POEGA-based star polymers: LCST-type transition in water vs. UCST-type transition in ethanol." Soft Matter 12, no. 8 (2016): 2473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm03054d.

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Vasantha, Vivek Arjunan, Satyasankar Jana, Anbanandam Parthiban, and Julius G. Vancso. "Water swelling, brine soluble imidazole based zwitterionic polymers – synthesis and study of reversible UCST behaviour and gel–sol transitions." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 1 (2014): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc44407d.

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