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1
Guo, Kexin, Zhirong Qiu, Wei Meng, Lihua Xie, and Rodney Teo. "Ultra-wideband based cooperative relative localization algorithm and experiments for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles in GPS denied environments." International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 9, no. 3 (March 28, 2017): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756829317695564.
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This article puts forward an indirect cooperative relative localization method to estimate the position of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) relative to their neighbors based solely on distance and self-displacement measurements in GPS denied environments. Our method consists of two stages. Initially, assuming no knowledge about its own and neighbors’ states and limited by the environment or task constraints, each unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) solves an active 2D relative localization problem to obtain an estimate of its initial position relative to a static hovering quadcopter (a.k.a. beacon), which is subsequently refined by the extended Kalman filter to account for the noise in distance and displacement measurements. Starting with the refined initial relative localization guess, the second stage generalizes the extended Kalman filter strategy to the case where all unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) move simultaneously. In this stage, each unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) carries out cooperative localization through the inter-unmanned aerial vehicle distance given by ultra-wideband and exchanging the self-displacements of neighboring unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Extensive simulations and flight experiments are presented to corroborate the effectiveness of our proposed relative localization initialization strategy and algorithm.
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Majka, Andrzej. "Flight Loads of Mini UAV." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.194.
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Designing and building of the unmanned aircraft, especially light and ultra light vehicles, is mainly performed using the experience gained when constructing the flying models. There have not been uniform principles of building and exploiting of the mini and micro UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) in the form of regulations similar to those for manned airplanes. The unmanned vehicles of these classes in terms of their abilities and attractive price are more frequently exploited using the same air area as manned airplanes performing missions over the inhabited areas. An urgent necessity arises to work out the norms of flight suitability of the mini and micro unmanned aerial vehicles. The work contains the analysis of suitability of the current aviation regulations to determine the requirements for the mini unmanned vehicles. The work concentrates on the phenomenon of determining the symmetrical loads from the maneuvers and the turbulence atmosphere. The result of this analysis is the Limit Maneuver Envelope, Limit Gust Envelope and Limit Combined Envelope for mini UAV. The analyzed flight states allowed selecting the so called design cases which can become a basis for determining the norms of loading of mini unmanned aerial vehicles which can constitute the beginning of the regulations for building of the unmanned aerial vehicles of this class.
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Meng, Channa, John Morris, and Chattraku Sombattheera. "Tracking from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.491.
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We use multiple tracking agents in parallel for autonomously tracking an arbitrary target from an unmanned aerial vehicle. An object initially selected by a user from a possibly cluttered scene containing other static and moving objects and occlusions - both partial and complete - is tracked as long as it remains in view using a single light-weight camera readily installed in a UAV. We assumed, for the present, at least, that the UAV sends images to a ground station which controls it. We evaluated several individual tracking agents in terms of tracking success and their times for processing frames streamed from the UAV to the ground station at 25 fps, so that the system shoud compute results in 40ms. Histogram trackers were most successful at $\sim 10$ ms per frame which can be further optimized.
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Al-Mousa, Amjed, Belal H. Sababha, Nailah Al-Madi, Amro Barghouthi, and Remah Younisse. "UTSim: A framework and simulator for UAV air traffic integration, control, and communication." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 172988141987093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419870937.
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The interest in unmanned systems especially unmanned aerial vehicle is continuously increasing. Unmanned aerial vehicles started to become of great benefit in many different fields. It is anticipated that unmanned aerial vehicles will soon become a main component of the future urban air traffic. The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles within existing air traffic environments has started getting the attention of researchers. Integrating unmanned systems in the real-world urban air traffic requires the development of tools and simulators to enable researchers in their ongoing efforts. In this article, a simulator called UTSim is introduced. The proposed simulator is built using the Unity platform. UTSim is capable of simulating unmanned aerial vehicle physical specification, navigation, control, communication, sensing and avoidance in environments with static and moving objects. The simulator enables studying and exploring several unmanned aerial vehicle air traffic integration issues like sense and avoid, communication protocols, navigation algorithms, and much more. UTSim is designed and developed to be easily used. The user can specify the properties of the environment, the number and types of unmanned aerial vehicles in the environment, and specify the algorithm to be used for path planning and collision avoidance. The simulator outputs a log file with a lot of useful information such as the number of sent and received messages, the number of detected objects and collided unmanned aerial vehicles. Three scenarios have been implemented in this article to present the capabilities of UTSim and to illustrate how it can benefit researchers in the field of integrating unmanned aerial vehicles in urban air traffic.
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Uche, U. E., and S. T. Audu. "UAV for Agrochemical Application: A Review." Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, no. 5 (May 13, 2022): 795–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i5.5.
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are tools for mechanized agriculture: they are used to alleviate maladies in a variety of fields through commercial, scientific, agricultural, and infrastructure enhancement. The purpose of the paper is to illuminate knowledge on mechanized agriculture using unmanned aircraft systems for pesticides and fertilizer application in obstacle rich farm. Various journal papers were reviewed to ascertain the state-of-the-art in agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles. X-rayed are unmanned aerial vehicle agrochemicals spraying architecture and efficacy, deployment and control strategies, obstacle sensing and avoidance systems, development/studies, and the limitations of the technology. The review shows that great strides have been made to develop agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles that can autonomously identify obstacle type, realize desired avoidance actions, and carry out variable rate agrochemical application. It is however noted that studies should continue on developing protocols and standard operation procedure, more human friendly interface platform, power technology, higher payload, real time quality imagery and robust mechanical features as well as enhanced sense and avoidance technology to meet the requirement of agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle for real time autonomous actions, flight endurance, low speed and low altitude. The paper therefore addressed the lack of awareness and absence of dedicated education on precision agriculture in the farming sector that has since ensured that its adoption level as a preferred system of farming remains very low in Nigeria despite the many benefits of unmanned aircraft vehicle farming technology
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Evdokimenkov, V. N., M. N. Krasilshchikov, and N. A. Lyapin. "THE RESEARCH OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT EVASIVE MANEUVERS FROM ATTACK BY ENEMY AIRCRAFT ON THE BASIS OF THE GAME APPROACH." Vestnik komp'iuternykh i informatsionnykh tekhnologii, no. 184 (October 2019): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/vkit.2019.10.pp.021-031.
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Actual level of unmanned aerial vehicles development allows us to consider them as an effective tool for solving a variety of civil and military tasks (primarily reconnaissance and strike). At the same time, one of the most important problems associated with the combat use of unmanned aerial vehicles remains to ensure their high survivability in organized counteraction conditions, the source of which can be both ground-based air defense and fighter aircraft (manned or unmanned). For this reason, the study and optimization of unmanned aerial vehicle evasion maneuvers from an enemy air attack remains relevant. In the article on the basis of game approach the algorithm of the unmanned aerial vehicle trajectory guaranteeing management providing its evasion from attack of the air opponent is offered. The study of unmanned aerial vehicle maneuverability tactically significant indicators influence on the effectiveness of the evasion maneuver. The results of simulation, demonstrated the influence of unmanned aerial vehicle maneuvering capabilities on achievement a positional advantage in order to solve the problem of evasion from enemy air attack, are presented. A series of computational experiments, whose results allow to assert that the use of the developed algorithm to guarantee control regardless of the relative initial state target UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and UAV-interceptor with the comparability of their maneuvering capabilities in 73 % of cases provides the positional advantage of the target UAV, the UAV position relative to the interceptor makes inefficient use of the latest posted guided missiles, are performed. Note that the increase in the values of tactical indicators that reflect the maneuverability of the attacked UAV compared to the enemy, leads to the fact that in all cases, regardless of the initial position of the attacked UAV relative to the UAV-interceptor, it is ensured that it is brought beyond the zone of possible launches of guided missiles.
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Chen, Mingzhang, Xuancheng Zhang, Xiaoshuang Xiong, Fanfei Zeng, and Wuhao Zhuang. "Transformer: A Multifunctional Fast Unmanned Aerial Vehicles–Unmanned Surface Vehicles Coupling System." Machines 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9080146.
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With the continuous development of the maritime economy, the maritime unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become important parts of the maritime transportation system. Unmanned vehicles play a pivotal role in water safety management, offshore patrol and maritime rescue. Consequently, this article researches and develops an unmanned aerial vehicle–unmanned surface vehicle (UAV-USV) coupling system with multiple functions. The ship body module, the deformation module and the UAV module are designed by using the modular analysis method, then volume of fluid (VOF) technology and STAR-CCM+ software are applied to analyze the ship resistance before and after deformation and optimize it. The results show that the Transformer has high speed before deformation and stable navigation ability after deformation, and it can navigate in high winds and waves. It has a large reconnaissance range and some radar stealth capability, which can fulfill different tasks, such as maritime patrol, military strike and maritime rescue.
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Raza, Ali, Syed Hashim Raza Bukhari, Farhan Aadil, and Zeshan Iqbal. "An UAV-assisted VANET architecture for intelligent transportation system in smart cities." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 17, no. 7 (July 2021): 155014772110317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501477211031750.
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Vehicular ad hoc network is a pretty research vibrant area since last decade. It has been successfully used for intelligent transportation system and entertainment purposes for realization of smart cities. However, intermittent connectivity, high routing overhead, inflexible communication infrastructure, unscalable networks, and high packet collision are the key challenges that put hindrances on the wide applications of vehicular ad hoc network. The severity of these challenges become even more intensified when deployed in urban areas. To overcome these hurdles, integrating micro unmanned aerial vehicles with vehicular ad hoc network provides a viable solution. In this article, we proposed an unmanned aerial vehicle–assisted vehicular ad hoc network communication architecture in which unmanned aerial vehicles fly over the deployed area and provide communication services to underlying coverage area. Unmanned aerial vehicle–assisted vehicular ad hoc network avails the advantages of line-of-sight communication, load balancing, flexible, and cost effective deployment. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated against a case study of vehicle collision on highway. Results show that utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles ensures the guaranteed and timely delivery of emergency messages to nearby vehicles so that a safe action can be taken to avoid further damages.
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Ali, Shaaban, Osama Hassan, Anand Gopalakrishnan, Aboobacker Muriyan, and Sobers Francis. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Literature Review." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.7.11.
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In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have grown and increased in applications because of computational simplicity and adaptive control capacity with strong support from both civilian and military sectors. The applications of UAVs in various military, commercial and civilian areas have led to sustainable results. The application areas include but are not limited to oil & gas, cargo transport, geographic mapping, aerial photography, health care, and disaster management. The success of the UAV application missions is completely dependent on the accuracy in control provided by the flight controllers. Thus, there is a need for accurate, robust, and adaptive flight controllers. UAV dynamics modeling and identification and control of these vehicles are still major active areas of research and development. They pose severe challenges due to the vehicle's complex design, inherently nonlinear, and time-varying dynamics. The main goal of this paper is to identify the past research trends and recent improvements in UAVs. Furthermore, this paper discusses a comprehensive literature review according to the optimized objectives, solution techniques, and applications of UAVs such as Cargo Transport, Disaster Management, etc. According to the literature review, aerial photography is one of the applications of smart UAVs. The reliability of image matching across multiple camera perspectives, angles, and positions encourages computer vision approaches for UAV navigation, opening the way for future researchers to develop vision applications. This article presents a comprehensive literature review discussing the importance of UAV applications related to cost-effectiveness and versatility. Furthermore, a detailed survey of system modeling identification and control techniques is presented.
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Mykyjchuk, Mykola, and Nataliya Zihanshyn. "MODELING A NETWORK OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 82, no. 3 (2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.03.042.
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The research concerns the methods of UAV group control in networks with duplex communication between nodes built on the "client-server" architecture. Such systems belong to self-organized networks with variable topology. It is important to study the allowable parameters of deviation from the task in the management of a group of UAVs and analysis of the network topology for the group flighting. The network was optimized according to the Ant Colony algorithm ACO. The application of different types of algorithms prevents routing problems in networks, such as ANTMANET, AntNet, ACODV and others. Methods of coordination of group joint actions are considered. A method is proposed by which the optimal number of UAVs operated by one operator can be determined and the traffic intensity of the communication channel is calculated, as well as the bandwidth and packet transmission delay are estimated.
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Jačionis, Tomas. "MODERN METHODS FOR DETECTION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 12 (February 19, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2020.11435.
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Most recent Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) detection methods are discussed in the article. Detection of UAV principles are pointed out during the overview. Brief advantages of each technique is covered and compared in between. Key technological limitations of each technique is pointed out and discussed. Several most recent and actual UAV threat accidents are presented with the indication of the used counter UAV systems. New upcoming threat of “Kamikaze” (selfdestructive) UAV and their detection limitations are presented. Case studies on the hybrid counter drone technology interactions are covered. In this article, important civil and military types of UAV propulsion are covered. Design features and future consumer demands, are analyzed, aiming at UAV components which are mandatory to perform a flight. Using recently published articles energy sources and thrust power plants are analyzed. UAV detection principles, that include audio signal signature analysis, aerial object video tracking, thermal heat signature analysis, radar systems, radio frequency spectrum and data packet communication detection are covered, pointing out their advantages and limitations. Conclusions are drawn taking into account future perspective of the UAV technology developments and upcoming future threats of the highest impact. Evaluation of most actual recent articles is made in order to overview weak points of the counter UAV system development techniques. Finally future UAV technology development is analyzed and main safety related threats are indicated. Slowly developing UAV components are indicated, putting more attention on possible UAV detection methods, where UAV mandatory components will not become obsolete.
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A. Isbir Turan, Aybuke, Mehmet Ali Tekiner, and Niyazi Umut Akincioğlu. "MODERN USAGE AREAS OF UAV TECHNOLOGY." Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law 58, no. 3 (December 12, 2020): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.58.3.8.
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In the past century, aviation has been one of the biggest technological advances that changed people’s lives. Especially in recent years in addition to being used in passenger transportation and war technologies, unmanned aerial vehicles have been carrying out important activities in many parts of life. These devices, which can be used as an integrated camera and weapon systems that can be controlled wirelessly and have superior mobility, have become one of the most important actors in defence. In addition to security services, unmanned aerial vehicles are used in many activities such as agriculture, search and rescue, cartography and fire. Unmanned aerial vehicles are also frequently used by law enforcement agencies due to their size and mobility, especially in areas such as monitoring and tracking. Unmanned aerial vehicles are used in many security needs such as traffic inspections, monitoring, social events and tracking around the world. Besides all these, unmanned aerial vehicles are frequently used for natural disasters, crime scene investigation studies and cargo transportation. However, in addition to all the advantages, these tools are also used by some malicious individuals and groups due to their low cost and easy accessibility. Many crimes such as smuggling, terrorist attacks, or illegal image recording have been committed using this technology. For this reason, while developing unmanned aircraft technologies, studies are carried out on anti-drone technologies in order to combat these crimes. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles worldwide is controlled by laws and penal sanctions are imposed in case of improper use.
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TIURIN, Vitalii, Oleksii MARTYNIUK, Volodymyr MIRNENKO, and Pavlo OPENKO. "General Approach to Counter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Safety & Defense 5, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37105/sd.36.
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The following study is devoted to the problem of preventing offensive missions led with small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The main goal of the paper is to familiarize the reader with a general methodology for counteracting offensive UAVs. In this paper, the authors describe counter UAV approach, which includes several stages, such as: the identification of threats, the development of prevention measures, active counteracting (including: detection, tracking, identification, evaluation, decision making and counteraction), evaluation and improvement of the anti-UAV counteraction system.In the recommendations, the authors give two non-exclusive practical approaches to countering hostile UAVs: the offensive counter UAV and the defensive counter UAV, which concern wide range of different strategies from “destroy as many UAVs as possible” to “protect all high value assets from UAVs threats”.
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Pascarelli, Claudio, Manuela Marra, Giulio Avanzini, and Angelo Corallo. "Environment for Planning Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Operations." Aerospace 6, no. 5 (May 4, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6050051.
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Planning and executing missions in terms of trajectory generation are challenging problems in the operational phase of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) lifecycle. The growing adoption of UAVs in several civil applications requires the definition of precise procedures and tools to safely manage UAV missions that may involve flight over populated areas. The paper aims at providing a contribution toward the definition of a reliable environment, called FLIP (flight planner) for route planning and risk evaluation in the framework of mini- and micro-UAV missions over populated areas. The environment represents a decision support system (DSS) for UAV operators and other decision makers, like airports authorities and aviation agencies. A new ICT tool integrating an innovative procedure for evaluating the risk related to the use of UAV over populated areas is proposed.
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Afif, M. A., D. A. Wibowo, P. D. Raharjo, S. Winduhutomo, and E. Puswanto. "UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) for Landslide Analysis Case Study in Grenggeng Village, Kebumen District, Central Java." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 887, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/887/1/012036.
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Abstract Remote sensing technology has developed rapidly; one of them is data acquisition techniques using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). With high-resolution aerial photographs, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be a flexible, cost-effective, and accurate monitoring of landslide technique. This research aimed to determine and test the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in congested areas. Data was collected at Grenggeng Village, Kebumen Regency, using unmanned aerial vehicles cruising altitude of 90 – 110 meters above ground level and a spatial resolution of 5 – 10 cm over a 0.200 km2 area. In November 2020, the research site will be a landslide area with similar rock lithology to the Halang Formation’s sandstone and claystone layers. Direct field observations revealed the geological structures involved and the rock lithology that produced the slip field, seepage, and the sorts of vegetation that the community had planted. According to aerial photography data, the relief appears to be a straight-line pattern in the direction of the geological structure, the slope of the layers, and different vegetation. Aerial photography using UAV can also be used to carry out rehabilitation and reconstruction techniques.
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Urbahs, Aleksandrs, and Ieva Jonaite. "FEATURES OF THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR AGRICULTURE APPLICATIONS." Aviation 17, no. 4 (December 24, 2013): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2013.861224.
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Micro-UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) with a total weight below 5 kg are interesting alternative carriers for agricultural applications. Compared to standard airborne aerial surveys, UAVs are much more flexible and weather independent. As a result, micro-UAV surveys will pave the way for affordable, current and accurate geo-information. This article deals with the general conditions and challenges for unmanned aerial vehicles that can be used for agricultural land monitoring. The article includes an overview of the structural characteristics and parameters of a UAV that has been developed for environmental monitoring by the Institute of Transport Vehicle Technology of Riga Technical University, and a detailed review about surveying fields with UAV systems is carried out.
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Romaniuk, L., and I. Chykhira. "MECHANISM OF ENSURING SAFE UAV MOVEMENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF RADIO ATTACKS." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 157 (September 25, 2020): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-4-157-178-183.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the mechanism of formation of safe UAV movement in the conditions of radio attacks. Methodology. Scientists from Ternopil National Technical University named after Ivan Pulyuy have consistently developed and studied several mechanisms for the formation of safe movement of unmanned aerial vehicles in radio attacks in order to create a perfect model with which to launch UAVs in areas with high radio attack. As a result of previous work, the mechanism of formation of safe movement of UAVs in the conditions of radio attacks based on methods of increasing the stability of providing information about the route of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the use of REP and air defense systems. Results. The article reveals the mechanism of formation of safe movement of unmanned aerial vehicle in the conditions of radio attacks. Analysis of known solutions in the field of increasing the stability of the control path of unmanned aerial vehicles and electronic suppression demonstrated the relevance of the problem of forming flight routes of unmanned aerial vehicles bypassing opposing enemy areas, taking into account the use of air defense and electronic warfare. The authors emphasize that most drone control tasks are now automated due to their high complexity and versatility. An automated control system operating under the control of a human operator is used as a control factor on an unmanned aircraft. It is emphasized that the main threats to unmanned aerial vehicles in modern conditions are the possibility of their destruction by air defense systems, as well as disruption of the radio communication and control system between the control center and the UAV by electronic suppression. The need for constant tracking of UAV flight by transmitting commands from the launcher is revealed. It is also emphasized the low level of automation of the onboard control system of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the inability to make adequate decisions on information received from onboard sensors in complex situations that require constant monitoring of UAV flight by a human operator. Scientific novelty. For the first time the functional scheme of the UAV recognition mechanism in the conditions of radio attacks is developed and the mechanism of formation of safe movement of the UAV in the conditions of radio attacks which is based on three basic techniques is defined. The first method is the method of clustering the flight zones of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to the degree of control stability. Based on the second method, the authors propose a method of forming the routes of UAV flights, taking into account the location of air defense and electronic warfare. The last link is the method of assessing the stability of providing information about the route of the unmanned aerial vehicle in terms of the use of air defense and electronic warfare. Practical relevance. The results of the work can be implemented in the process of forming the safe movement of UAVs in the conditions of radio attacks. Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle; air traffic control; space; security; flight.
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Bachynskyi, V. V., and O. М. Shkurpit. "MATERIAL SELECTION FOR MANUFACTURING UAV ELEMENTS USING ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES." Проблеми створення, випробування, застосування та експлуатації складних інформаційних систем, no. 22 (August 4, 2022): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46972/2076-1546.2022.22.08.
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Additive technologies have made it possible to form a fundamentally new direction in the technology of unmanned aerial vehicles production, with the help of which it is possible to manufacture single and unique samples of products due to the layer-by-layer build-up of material by the method of layer-by-layer synthesis with the simultaneous obtaining of the given shape and dimensions of the next product based on a digital prototype. Modern capabilities of equipment and materials are rapidly evolving towards larger product sizes, higher accuracy and quality, high product printing speeds and low costs. When using traditional methods of production, the cost and complexity of unmanned aerial vehicles is quite high. The use of additive technologies allows you to significantly reduce the weight of the UAV body due to the reduction of material consumption. The article investigates the properties of various polymers used in additive manufacturing, determines their impact on the quality of unmanned aerial vehicles elements, and also develops a methodology for selecting materials for the manufacture of unmanned aerial vehicles elements. The conducted research revealed a whole layer of issues and problems related to the need to improve the 3D printing process, organization and management of the printing of complex elements of the air defense system, which would allow effective use of the latest additive 3D printing technologies in modern production in combat conditions. According to the results of the research, the properties of the main materials for 3D printing, which are used in the FDM technology of obtaining the product, have been established. It has been established that the use of additive technologies will entail the adjustment of unmanned aerial vehicles design principles, the development of printing technologies, the use of new construction strategies, and the emergence of new technologies related to 3D printing. The analysis of quality control mechanisms for the development of unmanned aerial vehicles elements shows that the technological scheme for the selection of composite material is an important element in the 3D printing of modern unmanned aerial vehicles and their components. It was determined that with the improvement of technological equipment and the development of methods of material selection for the manufacture of unmanned aerial vehicles elements, the direction of creating new unmanned aerial vehicles with the help of additive technologies will steadily expand. Keywords: additive technologies; unmanned aerial vehicles; 3D printing; polymer; structure.
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TAŞ, Elif Nur, Zeynep PARALI, and Hatice Nur ÇETİN. "DÜNYA BASININDA TÜRKİ YE’Nİ N S/İ HA GÜCÜ VE KÜRESEL Sİ YASETE YANSIMALARI." “Küresel siyaset: Türkiye’den bakış”, Spring,2021 (April 30, 2021): 202–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30546/2616-4418.bitd.2021.202.
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Technological innovations in the ield of informatics, rapid developments in subjects such as artiicial intelligence and robotic engineering have put Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UCAV) into the battleield of the 21st century. At this point, states whose common concerns are security have taken the path of both obtaining intelligence and developing unmanned aerial systems, whose use is rapidly increasing in the ield of war-defense. It is known that many countries are currently working on developing and producing UAVs, beside United States of America (USA) and Israel which both have advanced unmanned aerial systems. Because states that are developing and manufacturing their own unmanned aerial systems are aware that this situation will provide a strategic advantage in terms of their military, political and economic interests. In this context, Turkey didn’t stay indifferent to the developments of unmanned aerial systems emerging in each passing day, it has made considerable momentum towards the last ifteen years to develop national and indigenous UAV systems. Especially since mid-2010, these systems have been used eficiently in both intra border operations and crossborder operations The main question of this article is how Turkey’s UAV/UCAV power is relected in global politics and in this direction, world press will be scanned. In this context, this study will primarily explained by Turkey’s domestic and national development of unmanned aerial systems adventure in general terms; then Turkey’s use of these vehicles in where and for what purpose will be evaluated. Afterward it will be evaluated that how Turkey’s power of UAV/UCAV is perceived by other states in economic and military-political aspects by examining the relevant state press and publishing organizations Keywords: Turkey, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles, Press- Publishing Organizations.
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Mohammed, Ameer, Bashir Garba Ibrahim, Muyideen Omuya Momoh, Kumater Peter Ter, Abolanle Oluwatoyin Adetifa, and Damilare Abdulbasit Oluwole. "Challenges of Ground Control System in Ensuring Safe Flights for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." MEKATRONIKA 4, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/mekatronika.v4i1.7350.
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Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are considered as evolving technology due to the diversity and feasibility of their applications. Generally, UAS are controlled by a ground operator in a ground control station (GCS). GCS can be used for several remote applications for unmanned vehicles; however, for the purpose of this review, GCS applications would be limited to its application on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Such stations are made up of basic components consisting of commercial-off-the-shelf components and low-cost equipment depending on the sophistication of the UAV. This requires that as UAVs evolve, GCS are equally upgraded to meet with the technological feet. This paper discusses the challenges associated with GCS in ensuring safe operations of the UAV. Hence, a brief background of GCS, its architecture, applications, inherent challenges and the proposed solutions are presented.
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Lin, Lishan, Yuji Yang, Hui Cheng, and Xuechen Chen. "Autonomous Vision-Based Aerial Grasping for Rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Sensors 19, no. 15 (August 3, 2019): 3410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153410.
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Autonomous vision-based aerial grasping is an essential and challenging task for aerial manipulation missions. In this paper, we propose a vision-based aerial grasping system for a Rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to grasp a target object. The UAV system is equipped with a monocular camera, a 3-DOF robotic arm with a gripper and a Jetson TK1 computer. Efficient and reliable visual detectors and control laws are crucial for autonomous aerial grasping using limited onboard sensing and computational capabilities. To detect and track the target object in real time, an efficient proposal algorithm is presented to reliably estimate the region of interest (ROI), then a correlation filter-based classifier is developed to track the detected object. Moreover, a support vector regression (SVR)-based grasping position detector is proposed to improve the grasp success rate with high computational efficiency. Using the estimated grasping position and the UAV?Äôs states, novel control laws of the UAV and the robotic arm are proposed to perform aerial grasping. Extensive simulations and outdoor flight experiments have been implemented. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed vision-based aerial grasping system can autonomously and reliably grasp the target object while working entirely onboard.
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Zhai, Rui Yong, Wen Dong Zhang, Zhao Ying Zhou, Sheng Bo Sang, and Pei Wei Li. "Trajectory Tracking Control for Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.448.
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This article considers the problem of trajectory tracking control for a micro fixed-wing unmanned air vehicle (UAV). With Bank-to-Turn (BTT) method to manage lateral deviation control of UAV, this paper discusses the outer loop guidance system, which separates the vehicle guidance problems into lateral control loop and longitudinal control loop. Based on the kinematic model of the coordinated turning of UAV, the aircraft can track a pre-specified flight path with desired error range. Flight test results on a fixed-wing UAV have indicated that the trajectory tracking control law is quite effective.
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Portman, C., S. Biggerstaff, D. Blower, and A. Chapman. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Pilot Selection System." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 2 (October 1997): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181397041002177.
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Sarwar, Saeed ur Rehman, and Saeed ur Rehman. "Supervising Control for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/564803.
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A small UAV is considered as a test UAV, and its already published aerodynamic data is used for its modeling. Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller is designed for pitch attitude control. Atmospheric disturbances such as wind shear and turbulence significantly influence the attitude of UAVs. For this study rotary gust is considered as atmospheric disturbance. Pitch response in presence of atmospheric disturbance is presented. In order to improve the performance in presence of atmospheric disturbance, a supervisory mechanism is proposed. Supervisory mechanism is composed of two modules, “observer module” and “correction generator module.” The human thinking like logic is developed for observer module so that it keeps monitoring the status of flight through specified inputs and outputs from the system and instructs the correction generator module to augment main controller by adding compensation commands. Correction generator module works on fuzzy logic. Simulation results show significant reduction in pitch errors after augmenting the supervisory mechanism, hence proving the efficacy of proposed scheme.
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Samanta, Sudeep, Himadri Sarkar, Soumyajit Chakraborty, and Chandni Singh. "Environmental Risk Assessment Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 20, 2022): 585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/58.
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Now a day, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are significantly employed in various fields like military applications, regular civilian purposes, aerial photography, field surveillance, disaster relief etc. Among all, one of the most challenging application is environmental risk assessment i.e. recognition of gas leakage and monitoring of volatile chemical concentration in a particular area. It is a promising approach to control environmental pollution. In this paper, the authors developed an automatic environmental risk assessment system using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The proposed UAV based system designed with a 32-bit MCU along with smart gas sensing system, data storing and real time feedback capabilities. The UAV system comprises of four arms with four motors for lifting. Motors are connected to the ESC (Electronic Speed controller) for varying its speed. These ESC’s are connected to APM 2.8 controller board which is connected to the fly sky receiver. As the field is quite recent, few efforts has been dedicated to develop integrated sensing system which focus on the optimization of crucial features as weight, dimensions and energy autonomy. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system, some field experiments are performed using a prototype hardware UAV model. Keywords: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Electronic Speed Controller, MCU unit, Gas Sensing Unit
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Madey, Alexander G. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarms." International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 5, no. 3 (July 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijats.2013070101.
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being widely used for both military and civilian purposes. The advent of smaller, lighter, less expensive UAVs opens opportunities to deploy a large number of small, semi-autonomous UAVs in a cohesive group or “swarm”. Swarms offer numerous advantages over single UAVs, such as higher coverage, redundancy in numbers and reduced long-range bandwidth requirements. Engineering a swarm requires designing the swarming behavior and finding effective ways to control the behavior so that the swarm can be directed to complete its mission. This paper presents an approach to developing UAV swarming behaviors and command and control (C2) strategies to govern them. The agent-based modeling toolkit NetLogo is used to create two mission types: contaminant plume mapping and vessel tracking. Performance metrics are used to evaluate success as parameters are changed. This research demonstrates the potential usefulness of agent-based modeling in the engineering of UAV swarms.
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Cao, Chang, Xuhui Lee, Joseph Muhlhausen, Laurent Bonneau, and Jiaping Xu. "Measuring Landscape Albedo Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111812.
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Surface albedo is a critical parameter in surface energy balance, and albedo change is an important driver of changes in local climate. In this study, we developed a workflow for landscape albedo estimation using images acquired with a consumer-grade camera on board unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Flight experiments were conducted at two sites in Connecticut, USA and the UAV-derived albedo was compared with the albedo obtained from a Landsat image acquired at about the same time as the UAV experiments. We find that the UAV estimate of the visibleband albedo of an urban playground (0.037 ± 0.063, mean ± standard deviation of pixel values) under clear sky conditions agrees reasonably well with the estimates based on the Landsat image (0.047 ± 0.012). However, because the cameras could only measure reflectance in three visible bands (blue, green, and red), the agreement is poor for shortwave albedo. We suggest that the deployment of a camera that is capable of detecting reflectance at a near-infrared waveband should improve the accuracy of the shortwave albedo estimation.
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Mostafa, Salama A., Mohd Sharifuddin Ahmad, Aida Mustapha, and Mazin Abed Mohammed. "Formulating layered adjustable autonomy for unmanned aerial vehicles." International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 10, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 430–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijicc-02-2017-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a layered adjustable autonomy (LAA) as a dynamically adjustable autonomy model for a multi-agent system. It is mainly used to efficiently manage humans’ and agents’ shared control of autonomous systems and maintain humans’ global control over the agents. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply the LAA model in an agent-based autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system. The UAV system implementation consists of two parts: software and hardware. The software part represents the controller and the cognitive, and the hardware represents the computing machinery and the actuator of the UAV system. The UAV system performs three experimental scenarios of dance, surveillance and search missions. The selected scenarios demonstrate different behaviors in order to create a suitable test plan and ensure significant results. Findings The results of the UAV system tests prove that segregating the autonomy of a system as multi-dimensional and adjustable layers enables humans and/or agents to perform actions at convenient autonomy levels. Hence, reducing the adjustable autonomy drawbacks of constraining the autonomy of the agents, increasing humans’ workload and exposing the system to disturbances. Originality/value The application of the LAA model in a UAV manifests the significance of implementing dynamic adjustable autonomy. Assessing the autonomy within three phases of agents run cycle (task-selection, actions-selection and actions-execution) is an original idea that aims to direct agents’ autonomy toward performance competency. The agents’ abilities are well exploited when an incompetent agent switches with a more competent one.
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WOJTYRA, Damian, Kamil WACŁAWIK, Ksawery KRENC, and Marcin DŁUGOŃ. "Concept for the Construction and Application of a Counter-UAV Defence System." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7853.
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This paper describes a concept for the construction and application of the Counter-UAV Defence System as developed by the Polish consortium of Zakłady Mechaniczne “Tarnów” S.A. (ZMT) and Military University of Technology (MUT). The article describes a system designed to counteract unmanned aerial vehicles, which consists of a multi-barrel machine gun and a radiolocation system. The Counter-UAV Defence System enables the combating of aerial targets, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
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Hong, Youkyung, Sunggoo Jung, Suseong Kim, and Jihun Cha. "Autonomous Mission of Multi-UAV for Optimal Area Coverage." Sensors 21, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072482.
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This study proposes an entire hardware and software architecture from operator input to motor command for the autonomous area coverage mission using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles. Despite the rapid growth of commercial drone services, there are many limitations on operations, such as a low decision-making autonomy and the need for experienced operators to intervene in the whole process. For performing the area coverage mission more efficiently and autonomously, this study newly designs an optimization problem that allocates waypoints created to cover that area to unmanned aerial vehicles. With an optimized list of waypoints, unmanned aerial vehicles can fill the given areas with their footprints in a minimal amount of time and do not overlap each other during the mission. In addition, this study performs both various simulations for quantitative analysis and an outdoor experiment through real hardware implementation in order to verify the performance sufficiently. The methodologies developed in this study could be applied to endless applications using unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with mission-specific sensors.
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Marszałkiewicz, Jakub. "The threat on airports from unmanned aerial vehicles." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_12_01.
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This article provides a general overview of the threats on airports caused by widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as drones. They are increasingly available and can therefore be used as a means of unlawful interference against Critical Infrastructure, especially against airports. Also selected are examples of UAV applications for airport security and disturbance and anti-UAV systems.
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Abro, Ghulam E. Mustafa, Saiful Azrin B. M. Zulkifli, Rana Javed Masood, Vijanth Sagayan Asirvadam, and Anis Laouti. "Comprehensive Review of UAV Detection, Security, and Communication Advancements to Prevent Threats." Drones 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6100284.
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It has been observed that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have been used in a very different way over time. The advancements in key UAV areas include detection (including radio frequency and radar), classification (including micro, mini, close range, short range, medium range, medium-range endurance, low-altitude deep penetration, low-altitude long endurance, and medium-altitude long endurance), tracking (including lateral tracking, vertical tracking, moving aerial pan with moving target, and moving aerial tilt with moving target), and so forth. Even with all of these improvements and advantages, security and privacy can still be ensured by researching a number of key aspects of an unmanned aerial vehicle, such as through the jamming of the control signals of a UAV and redirecting them for any high-assault activity. This review article will examine the privacy issues related to drone standards and regulations. The manuscript will also provide a comprehensive answer to these limitations. In addition to updated information on current legislation and the many classes that can be used to establish communication between a ground control room and an unmanned aerial vehicle, this article provides a basic overview of unmanned aerial vehicles. After reading this review, readers will understand the shortcomings, the most recent advancements, and the strategies for addressing security issues, assaults, and limitations. The open research areas described in this manuscript can be utilized to create novel methods for strengthening the security and privacy of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
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Kim, Sooyeon, Jae Hyun Kwak, Byoungryul Oh, Da-Han Lee, and Duehee Lee. "An Optimal Routing Algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041219.
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A delivery service using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has potential as a future business opportunity, due to its speed, safety and low-environmental impact. To operate a UAV delivery network, a management system is required to optimize UAV delivery routes. Therefore, we create a routing algorithm to find optimal round-trip routes for UAVs, which deliver goods from depots to customers. Optimal routes per UAV are determined by minimizing delivery distances considering the maximum range and loading capacity of the UAV. In order to accomplish this, we propose an algorithm with four steps. First, we build a virtual network to describe the realistic environment that UAVs would encounter during operation. Second, we determine the optimal number of in-service UAVs per depot. Third, we eliminate subtours, which are infeasible routes, using flow variables part of the constraints. Fourth, we allocate UAVs to customers minimizing delivery distances from depots to customers. In this process, we allow multiple UAVs to deliver goods to one customer at the same time. Finally, we verify that our algorithm can determine the number of UAVs in service per depot, round-trip routes for UAVs, and allocate UAVs to customers to deliver at the minimum cost.
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Shvetsova, S. V. "Aspects of Equipping Transport Facilities with Systems for Controlling Routes of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-84-96.
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Currently, the problem of ensuring safety of flights of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) over the territory of transport infrastructure facilities (TIF), primarily airports, remains topical.In one of the previous works, the author together with the co-author proposed a method for increasing safety of movement of unmanned aerial vehicles and the system for controlling the routes of unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter – route control system, RCS) that implements it, which makes it possible to improve safety and security of UAV traffic at transport infrastructure facilities by limiting UAV traffic area strictly to a dedicated air corridor (DAC). The development of this system creates the prerequisites for removing the existing restrictions on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles at transport infrastructure facilities.For practical implementation of the proposed system, it is relevant to develop a method of placing RCS at transport infrastructure facilities. This condition can be justified by the fact that RCS, as a rule, will be located under conditions of dense infrastructural development, including dangerous technical elements of technical equipment, a collision of a UAV with which can lead to an emergency situation (ES); besides, the movement of air/ground vehicles will be carried out in the immediate vicinity of RCS along transport routes/corridors, and employees, passengers and visitors of TIF will move along the pedestrian paths.The objective of this study – to develop a methodology for placing systems controlling routes of unmanned aerial vehicles at transport infrastructure facilities.The study conducted with well-known scientific methods, including the basic routing problem posed by Dantzig and Ramser, modelling, analysis, and synthesis, made it possible to develop a method for placing RCS for unmanned aerial vehicles at transport infrastructure facilities. The practical application of the proposed methodology makes it possible to build routes for movement of UAV at TIF, to form a network of dedicated air corridors for UAV at TIF operated in relationship with the system, determine the optimal location of the RCS elements at TIF.
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Shvetsova, S. V. "Aspects of Equipping Transport Facilities with Systems for Controlling Routes of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-84-96.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, the problem of ensuring safety of flights of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) over the territory of transport infrastructure facilities (TIF), primarily airports, remains topical.In one of the previous works, the author together with the co-author proposed a method for increasing safety of movement of unmanned aerial vehicles and the system for controlling the routes of unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter – route control system, RCS) that implements it, which makes it possible to improve safety and security of UAV traffic at transport infrastructure facilities by limiting UAV traffic area strictly to a dedicated air corridor (DAC). The development of this system creates the prerequisites for removing the existing restrictions on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles at transport infrastructure facilities.For practical implementation of the proposed system, it is relevant to develop a method of placing RCS at transport infrastructure facilities. This condition can be justified by the fact that RCS, as a rule, will be located under conditions of dense infrastructural development, including dangerous technical elements of technical equipment, a collision of a UAV with which can lead to an emergency situation (ES); besides, the movement of air/ground vehicles will be carried out in the immediate vicinity of RCS along transport routes/corridors, and employees, passengers and visitors of TIF will move along the pedestrian paths.The objective of this study – to develop a methodology for placing systems controlling routes of unmanned aerial vehicles at transport infrastructure facilities.The study conducted with well-known scientific methods, including the basic routing problem posed by Dantzig and Ramser, modelling, analysis, and synthesis, made it possible to develop a method for placing RCS for unmanned aerial vehicles at transport infrastructure facilities. The practical application of the proposed methodology makes it possible to build routes for movement of UAV at TIF, to form a network of dedicated air corridors for UAV at TIF operated in relationship with the system, determine the optimal location of the RCS elements at TIF.
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Xu, Guang Yan, and Yi Bo Shi. "Elastic Formation Keeping Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Adapting to Flight Speed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 367 (August 2013): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.367.411.
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For an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) formation in leader-follower mode, considering the relative position relationship between neighbor vehicles in the formation, an elastic distance vector is proposed. The dynamic equations of a flight speed adaptive UAV formation are established using the elastic distance vector we proposed. The state feedback controller is designed. Simulation results show that the controller can be used to control the follower vehicles to follow the leader vehicle maneuvering effectively and keep the desired formation well, most importantly, the relative distance between neighbor vehicles in the formation is adapted to the changes of flight speed.
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Kumar, Kirshna, Sushil Kumar, Omprakash Kaiwartya, Ajay Sikandar, Rupak Kharel, and Jaime Lloret Mauri. "Internet of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: QoS Provisioning in Aerial Ad-Hoc Networks." Sensors 20, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113160.
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Aerial ad-hoc networks have the potential to enable smart services while maintaining communication between the ground system and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Previous research has focused on enabling aerial data-centric smart services while integrating the benefits of aerial objects such as UAVs in hostile and non-hostile environments. Quality of service (QoS) provisioning in UAV-assisted communication is a challenging research theme in aerial ad-hoc networks environments. Literature on aerial ad hoc networks lacks cooperative service-oriented modeling for distributed network environments, relying on costly static base station-oriented centralized network environments. Towards this end, this paper proposes a quality of service provisioning framework for a UAV-assisted aerial ad hoc network environment (QSPU) focusing on reliable aerial communication. The UAV’s aerial mobility and service parameters are modelled considering highly dynamic aerial ad-hoc environments. UAV-centric mobility models are utilized to develop a complete aerial routing framework. A comparative performance evaluation demonstrates the benefits of the proposed aerial communication framework. It is evident that QSPU outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques in terms of a number of service-oriented performance metrics in a UAV-assisted aerial ad-hoc network environment.
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Nikolakopoulos, K. G., I. Koukouvelas, and N. G. Argyropoulos. "UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11889.
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Remote Sensing and photogrammetric techniques have always been used in geological applications. Current advancements in the technology behind Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), in accordance with the consecutive increase in affordability of such devices and the availability of photogrammetric software, makes their use for large or small scale land mapping more and more popular. With the UAVs being used for mapping, the problems of increased costs, time consumption and the possible accessibility problems -due to steep terrain-, are all solved at once. In this study, a custom-made UAV with 2 cameras onboard, is used to monitor two complex –regarding their topography- regions in Western Greece. One open pit limestone mine and a landslide occurring on sandy-clayous sediments. Both regions were mapped using surveying instruments like tachymeters and geodetic GPS, as well as using the aforementioned UAV system. 3D models of both regions were created using off-the-shelf photogrammetric software. For the creation of the 3D models, multiple targets were placed on the ground, to indicate GCPs with precisely known coordinates that could be identified in the high-resolution air photos, in order to maintain low Root Mean Square Error, while creating the DSMs and Orthophotos. In addition, the fish-eye effect caused by the cameras’ wide-angle lens was taken into consideration, regarding whether or not it affects the models’ overall geometric accuracy. Finally, the 3D models were compared to the survey measurements and the results are presented in this paper.
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Kurbanov, Rashid K., and Olga M. Zakharova. "Recommendations for UAV Pre-Flight Preparation." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 67, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-1-93-98.
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The current level of technical development and accessibility allows to consider unmanned aerial vehicles as a reliable tool for operational monitoring of agricultural territories. Drones are able to observe territories that are inaccessible to helicopters and small aircrafts. The use of drones is associated with certain risks that affect flight safety. (Research purpose) To make recommendations on the preflight preparation of unmanned aerial vehicles. (Materials and methods) The authors used scientific literature, survey materials of domestic and foreign authors, websites of UAV manufacturers. (Results and discussion) The authors examined the issues of a drone registration, key parameters that influence data collection and ensure safe monitoring: operation and storage of drone batteries, visual inspection of a drone, sensors calibration, setting the “return home” point and checking the signal GPS/GLONASS communication quality, test flight, restricted areas and weather conditions. (Conclusions) It was established that UAV pre-flight preparation was an important stage in monitoring agricultural fields, which included a number of operations that were carried out with the aim of ensuring the safety of the operator and the unmanned aerial vehicle, as well as to obtain high-quality aerial photography materials. The authors determined that an unmanned aerial vehicle weighing from 250 grams to 30 kilograms was a object to be registered. They identified the need for specialized software, compliance with the rules of operation and storage of batteries, a thorough visual inspection of the drone, calibration of the compass; checking the setting of the return point to the beginning of the route, the GPS/GLONASS signal level, conducting a test flight, monitoring the readings of the inertial measuring unit and weather conditions, checking the zone of prohibited flights.
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Wang, Bo, Volodymyr Kharchenko, Alexander Kukush, and Nataliia Kuzmenko. "UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS CONSIDERING MISSING DATA." Transport 34, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.8544.
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Researches very often deal with the problem of missing data. This issue is caused by impossibility of data obtaining, its distortion or concealment. The goal of present paper is to recover missing data and to analyse Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) trajectory based on the degree of deviation from pre-planned trajectory. The range probability approach is used to assess flight situation. The results of trajectory analysis for real position data of UAV are demonstrated.
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Allaire, François Charles Joseph, Gilles Labonté, Mohammed Tarbouchi, and Vincent Roberge. "Recent advances in unmanned aerial vehicles real-time trajectory planning." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 259–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2017-0004.
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The growing interest in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can be attributed to many factors, particularly the potential for them to operate beyond visual line of sight and at increasingly higher levels of autonomy. Trajectory planning defines the extent to which a vehicle is “autonomous”, therefore, to operate at high levels of autonomy, UAV will require real-time embedded trajectory planning that respects a minimum of flyability. This paper presents a review of recent advances in UAV trajectory planning and seeks to clarify the flyability, the real-time, and the embedded aspects, which are not adequately considered by previous survey papers. This work, which specifically focuses on Class II (≥150 and ≤600 kg) and Class III (>600 kg) fixed-wing UAV, analyses 60 papers from the last decade that mention some real-time achievement with respect to UAV trajectory planning. From this analysis, we highlight some challenges and some suggested orientations for future works.
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Zhu, Man, and Yuan-Qiao Wen. "Design and Analysis of Collaborative Unmanned Surface-Aerial Vehicle Cruise Systems." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (January 14, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1323105.
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With the increasing application of unmanned surface vehicle-unmanned aerial vehicles (USV-UAVs) in maritime supervision, research on their deployment and control is becoming vitally important. We investigate the application of USV-UAVs for synergistic cruising and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed collaborative model. First, we build a collaborative model consisting of the cruise vehicles and communication, detection, and command-and-control networks for the USV-UAV. Second, based on an analysis of the problems faced by collaborative USV-UAV systems, we establish a model to evaluate the effectiveness of such synergistic cruises. Third, we propose a weighting method for each evaluation factor. Finally, a model consisting of one UAV and four USVs is employed to validate our synergistic cruise model.
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Nowacki, Gabriel, and Katarzyna Bolz. "Challenges and threats of unmanned aerial vehicles for aviation transport safety." Journal of Civil Engineering and Transport 4, no. 1 (July 24, 2022): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/tren.2022.001.
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The research problem of the article is formulated as follows: How do unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) influence on aviation safety? New trends in the use of unmanned aerial vehicle technology have been correlated. The attention was paid to the most modern solutions of the battlefield. In each case of the implementation of drones in selected areas, an analysis of the risk for aviation was made. Bearing in mind the priority of using drones in a responsible and legal manner, taking into account the absolute safety of airspace zones, the hypothetical risk of the development of a given UAV branch should be assessed each time. In the paper the theoretical methods were used: analogy, system analysis, statistical, analytical and comparative method. Moreover, diagnostic survey carried out by aviation institutions was used. Analysis of the potential of unmanned aerial vehicles with an indication of development directions that are safe for aviation, bringing clear benefits from implementation in relation to standard, commonly used solutions. The results of the analysis performed, combined with the synthesis of selected facts and data from statistics, are to prove the necessity to apply remedial measures in the process of dynamic development of UAVs. The multidirectional opportunities created by the dynamics of UAV development is undeniably a challenge for companies producing specific unmanned utility devices. Risk assessment at every stage of the development of a new technology - in this case unmanned aerial vehicles is a key issue of implementation success.
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Petrov, Dimiter. "USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR THE NEEDS OF GEODESY AND CADASTRE." Journal Scientific and Applied Research 6, no. 1 (November 12, 2014): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v6i1.150.
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During the last decade, the use of different in construction and use unmanned aerial vehicles are being used. They have the common name drones. The crucial stimulus for the unmanned aviation worldwide, is the successful use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) by the American and Israel Armies during the warfare in the Persian Gulf, Yugoslavia, the Near East, the Arab Israeli conflict, etc. During these events, the unmanned aircraft became famous as an effective means for reconnaissance, false targets for hitting by the zenith rocket complexes, cargo supply and performance of a variety of other tasks.
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Ngadiman, Norhayati, Masiri Kaamin, Nor Baizura Hamid, Suhaila Sahat, Mardiha Mokhtar, AslilaAbd Kadir, and Ahmad Hakimi Mat Nor. "Production of Orthophoto Map Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Photogrammetry." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 4925–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8543.
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Orthophoto is a part of the process of concept of photogrammetry in map production. Orthophoto image is a specific scaled photographic image produced from perspective images in which distortion errors originating from the attitude differences and the tilt of image are eliminated while orthophoto map is an orthophoto that has cartographic information on it (legend, grids, contours, labels, etc.). The development of current technology has introduced the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as an alternative to conventional photogrammetry in creating orthophoto map. Purpose of this paper is to identify the potential of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) as an alternative to conventional photogrammetry which uses aircraft in creating orthophoto map. The area of the study is UniversitiTun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Pagoh Campus within Pagoh Educational Hub. UAV photogrammetry based on a photogrammetricmeasurement platform, which operates remotely controlled, semi-autonomously, or autonomously, without a pilot sitting in the vehicle. The large format aerial camera in conventional photogrammetry is replaced with small format digital camera in UAV photogrammetry. For general area, the amount of forward overlap and side overlap is 75% and 60% respectively. For forest area, the amount of forward overlap and side overlap is 85% and 70% respectively as the UAV flight altitude will be higher. The whole workflow is introduced in the paper, where 461 images were collected with DJI Phantom 4 Pro with camera model FC6310. The flight mission was completed using PIX4D Capture. An orthophoto map covering an area of 250458 m2 was produced using AgisoftPhotoScan. The result from this study produces a better quality orthophoto map of UTHM Pagoh Campus. This map will shows the overview of the campus area with the most updated information.
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Fuhrmann, Matthew, and Michael C. Horowitz. "Droning On: Explaining the Proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." International Organization 71, no. 2 (2017): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818317000121.
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AbstractUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), more popularly known as “drones,” have become emblematic of twenty-first century military technologies but scholars have yet to convincingly explain the drivers of UAV proliferation. Using the first systematic data set of UAV proliferation, this research note examines the spread of UAVs in the context of scholarly debates about interests versus capacity in explaining policy adoption. The results yield important insights for both IR scholarship and the policy-making community. While countries that experience security threats—including territorial disputes and terrorism—are more likely to seek UAVs, drone proliferation is not simply a function of the threat environment. We find evidence that democracies and autocracies are more likely than mixed regimes to develop armed UAV programs, and suggest that autocracies and democracies have their own unique incentives to acquire this technology. Moreover, supply-side factors play a role in the UAV proliferation process: a state's technological capacity is a strong predictor of whether it will obtain the most sophisticated UAVs. The theories and evidence we present challenge emerging views about UAV proliferation and shed useful light on how and why drones spread.
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Zhao, Haoran, Wenjie Yang, and Huibin Zhu. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Rescue System Design and Traffic Model Planning." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 10481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110481.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are widely used in disaster relief and road exploration in recent years. This paper mainly studied the emergency response of UAVs after disasters. The UAV response system is mainly suitable for the distribution of necessities and road exploration after geological disasters and tsunamis in coastal areas. By analyzing the problem and making reasonable assumptions, the optimization model was established with the traffic planning theory, and MATLAB software was used to program and solve the problem. An optimal scheduling scheme was presented to solve these problems. The normalization method was used to select a highly capable UAV. Taking the minimum volume of idle space buffer material as the objective function and taking into account the constraints, such as payload of unmanned aerial vehicle, a single objective programming model was established. The results are as follows: Each International Standards Organization (ISO) cargo container has five UAVs B, one UAV C, one UAV F and one UAV H. It provides 188 days of relief requirements with ISO cargo containers’ space utilization of 71.4%. The research shows that the UAV response system has the functions of necessities distribution and road exploration after disasters, and can be used to deal with the emergency response after disasters in coastal areas, and has a wide range of applicability.
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Guo, Xing Long, H. B. Ji, H. H. Yin, and J. Huang. "Antenna for Wireless Communications on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 2487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2487.
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A compact circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna was designed and fabricated based on the virtual load and limited airframe size of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) applications. This antenna is used for ISM frequency band and to enhance the integration of sensors and circuits in UAV communication system. The paper presented the simulation and the measured results. This antenna Experimental results show the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is 0.6%, the half power beamwidth is ±45º, and the gain is 4.5dBi. The antenna size reduction can be as large as 36%, as compared to that of the conventional CP design.
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Nex. "UAV-g 2019: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Geomatics." Drones 3, no. 3 (September 19, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones3030074.
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Unmanned aerial vehicle in geomatics (UAV-g) is a well-established scientific event dedicated to UAVs in geomatics and remote sensing. In the different editions of the journal, new scientific challenges have increased their synergy with adjacent domains, such as robotics and computer vision, thereby increasing the impact of this conference. The 2019 edition has been hosted by the University of Twente (The Netherlands) and has attracted about 300 participants for the full three-day program. Researchers from 36 different countries (from all continents) have presented 89 accepted papers in 17 oral and 2 poster sessions. The presented papers covered multi-disciplinary topics, such as photogrammetry, natural resources monitoring, autonomous navigation, and deep learning. All these contributions have in common the use of UAV platforms for the innovative acquisition and processing of the acquired data and information extracted from the surrounding environment.
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Medynskyi, Denys, and Iryna Borets. "STUDY OF THE PROBLEM OF OPTIMAL MAINTENANCE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN CONDITIONS OF A SHORTAGE OF VEHICLES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 2 (March 31, 2020): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001170.
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The ways to find the ways of solving the problem of optimal service for unmanned aerial vehicles in the conditions of vehicle shortage are explored. In the study of theory of optimal control and discrete optimization insufficiently explored the problem of optimal graph coverage by the chains of a fixed pattern with the help of a description system of ordinary differential equations. With the help of the graph theory investigated the optimization problem of the «Upper Cover» for unmanned aerial vehicles service in the conditions of vehicle shortage has been solved. Study of the problem relates to the mathematical dependence of transport systems. It can be used for determination of the optimal ratio between the amount of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and fuel (electricity) reserves used by the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The method of solving the problem of determining the weight of the arcs of the graph and the problem of constructing a chain is based on that dependence. Part of the problem is the task of docking. The combinatorial task of choosing a set of stations for servicing points of the initial unmanned aerial vehicles dislocation is based on the dependence mentioned. Effective method for solving the problem of optimal coverage of a graph for supply chains with constraints is developed on the bases of the dependence. The proposed research methods can significantly reduce the cost of delivery of urgent goods using unmanned aerial vehicles. The proposed research methods can significantly reduce the cost of delivery of urgent goods using unmanned aerial vehicles. Perspective of further researches is studying of mathematical model of optimal servicing the delivery areas in the conditions of the lack of UAV. The constraints for practical purposes must have a group-theoretical approach to solving optimization problems and be reduced for the constructing an optimal cost matrix analysis. Algebraic approach is used, when there is a need in solving a large set of similar types of optimization problems with different constraints in the right hand side only. It is possible to apply a heuristic algorithm for solving the problem of optimal UAV service. The problem means optimal coverage of a special graph with chains with restriction on the chain length