Journal articles on the topic 'UAV communication'
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Yoon, Jiyoung, Hyojun Lee, and Kyung-Jun Park. "UAV System Security Enhancement in Wi-Fi Communication Between UAV and GCS." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 45, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2020.45.4.686.
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Kapoor, Rajesh, Aasheesh Shukla, and Vishal Goyal. "Performance evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicle communication by increasing antennas of cellular base stations." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i1.pp222-237.
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The utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) increases with increased performance of their communication link with the ground remote station. Integrating UAVs with existing cellular networks provides the possibility of enhanced performance of communication links. The base stations of existing cellular networks are installed with fixed number of antennas. The performance of UAV communication links can be further enhanced by increasing antennas of cellular base stations of existing networks using multiple antenna techniques such as multi ple input multiple output (MIMO). In this proposed scheme, Massive MIMO technology is used for UAV communications, wherein hundreds of antennas are mounted on cellular base stations. This set up provides significant advantage in terms of enhancement in per formance of UAV communication links, as compared to existing methods of UAV communication. In this paper, performance evaluation of UAV communication links is carried out by increasing the number of antennas at base stations of existing cellular networks. For this evaluation, firstly basic multiple antennas techniques such as point - to - point MIMO and multi - user MIMO (MU - MIMO) are covered based on existing studies and findings. Subsequently, an antenna dependent closed form expression for uplink channel capac ity of massive MIMO based UAV communication links is derived, with few numerical results.
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Li, Ju, and Fengjun Shang. "Research on Performance Optimization Method of UAV Communication Link in Emergency Communication Environment." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (May 19, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5098730.
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Aiming at the problem of long average delay of traditional UAV emergency communication, a performance optimization method of UAV communication link based on emergency communication environment is proposed. The target tasks in the emergency communication channel are divided into different target task groups. According to the distance between the target tasks in the target task group, the symmetric matrix is constructed, all elements in the symmetric matrix are classified, and the classification results are calculated by ant colony algorithm to construct the emergency communication task scheduling model of UAV. Combined with the emergency communication task scheduling model and the demand, priority, time window, and communication ability of UAV emergency scheduling task, the time delay control of UAV emergency communication is realized with the goal of maximizing the efficiency of UAV task execution, maximizing the completion rate of UAV task execution and minimizing the risk of UAV delay. The experimental results show that the average delay of the three methods also increases. When the system load is 50%, the average delay of common methods is 23 ms, the average delay of traditional methods is 76 ms, the average delay of the method proposed in this paper is 26 ms, and the common average delay is the shortest. When the system load is 99%, the common methods cannot realize emergency communication scheduling due to system load overshoot, and the corresponding average delay cannot be considered, indicating that the common methods are unstable. The average delay of the method proposed in this paper is stable under different system loads and always remains below 40 ms. It is proved that compared with the traditional methods, the method proposed in this paper takes less time for UAV emergency communication and has less average delay under different system loads, so it has better application value.
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Atoev, Sukhrob, Oh-Heum Kwon, Suk-Hwan Lee, and Ki-Ryong Kwon. "An Efficient SC-FDM Modulation Technique for a UAV Communication Link." Electronics 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2018): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120352.
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Since the communication link of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and its reliability evaluation represent an arduous field, we have concentrated our work on this topic. The demand regarding the validity and reliability of the communication and data link of UAV is much higher since the environment of the modern battlefield is becoming more and more complex. Therefore, the communication channel between the vehicle and ground control station (GCS) should be secure and provide an efficient data link. In addition, similar to other types of communications, the data link of a UAV has several requirements such as long-range operation, high efficiency, reliability, and low latency. In order to achieve an efficient data link, we need to adopt a highly efficient modulation technique, which leads to an increase in the flight time of the UAV, data transmission rate, and the reliability of the communication link. For this purpose, we have investigated the single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) modulation technique for a UAV communication system. The results obtained from the comparative study demonstrate that SC-FDM has better performance than the currently used modulation technique for a UAV communication link. We expect that our proposed approach can be a remarkable framework that will help drone manufacturers to establish an efficient UAV communication link and extend the flight duration of drones, especially those being used for search and rescue operations, military tasks, and delivery services.
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Wang, Changyu, Weili Yu, Jinrong Lu, Fusheng Zhu, Lihua Fan, and Shengping Li. "UAV-Based Physical-Layer Intelligent Technologies for 5G-Enabled Internet of Things: A Survey." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (January 28, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4351518.
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In recent years, the utilization and application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) have attracted much attention, both from academy and industry. UAVs have been widely used in many practical communication scenarios, due to its high flexibility, high mobility, and low cost. Therefore, this paper addresses the key technologies of UAV communication and reviews the current research status, from various aspects including UAV communication transmission, UAV formation control and networking, UAV resource allocation, and intelligent communication from artificial intelligence algorithms. Then, artificial intelligence is introduced into multiple aspects of UAV communication, including channel transmission, control and networking, and resource scheduling, to organically integrate artificial intelligence into UAV communication, which can help reduce the complexity of communication algorithms and improve system spectrum efficiency. This paper will help improve the efficiency of UAV communication and promote the development of UAV-related industries.
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Mani, Prashant, Pankaj Singh, Abhishek Singhal, and Apoorv Katiyar. "Design and Simulation of Smart Communication System for Unmanned Arial Vehicles." International Journal of Computers and Communications 15 (November 29, 2021): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91013.2021.15.15.
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In recent years, the use of drones has drastically increased as the evolution of drone use in commercial sectors and reduced costs of the hardware. Earlier drone services were mostly used for military operations but nowadays the Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAV) system is very advanced and its applications are not limited to military operations. The recent years have also witnessed a network evolution of UAVs from single ground to air network to multi-UAV network systems along with usage of wireless public networks like LTE which can act as UAV communication channel. In the proposed project, a communication system used in the UAS system is simulated to analyze the UAV behavior under different conditions with respect to mission planning and the communication networks used. A comprehensive study is done on communication networks used in controlling UAVs. For a safer approach, the proposed model is simulated using available software instead of hardware implementations. ArduPilot SITL, MAVProxy and Mission Planner are used to simulate the UAV system virtually. Whereas network simulations of Wi-Fi and LTE network are done with the help of NS-3 on a separate platform. Various network parameters like network delay, throughput, etc., are graphically represented.
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Vaigandla, Karthik Kumar, Sravani Thatipamula, and Radha Krishna Karne. "Investigation on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV): An Overview." IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems 4, no. 3 (August 2, 2022): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2022.3.001.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly popular these days. One among the major technological developments of today are UAVs or drones. The coordination and coverage capabilities of large clusters of UAVs, or their cooperative capabilities for such goals as terrain mapping, make them of particular interest. This paper explores the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in smart and modern cities in depth. Future wireless networks will likely include UAVs to facilitate wireless broadcasting and support high-speed transmissions. Various layer techniques are discussed in this paper. Moreover, an overview of the latest UAV communication technologies and network topologies has been presented. Military and commercial applications have attracted a lot of interest in unmanned aerial vehicles. Due to their low cost and flexible deployment, UAVs are considered valuable in 5G and 6G networks due to their communication capabilities. Like aerial base stations, relays, or mobile users in cellular networks, UAVs can provide airborne wireless coverage in a variety of ways. Wireless links can only be established temporarily with UAVs. A great challenge is to extend UAV communication's lifetime and develop low-power, green UAV communication. A comprehensive study of green UAV communications has been presented in this paper. Furthermore, an overview of UAV applications is also illustrated. Additionally, some promising research topics and methods are being discussed.
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Caillouet, Christelle, and Nathalie Mitton. "Optimization and Communication in UAV Networks." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 5036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185036.
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Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have received growing popularity in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) which often deploys many sensors in a relatively wide region. Current trends focus on deployment of a single UAV or a swarm of it to generally map an area, perform surveillance, monitoring or rescue operations, collect data from ground sensors or various communicating devices, provide additional computing services close to data producers, etc. Applications are very diverse and call for different features or requirements. But UAV remain low-power battery powered devices that in addition to their mission, must fly and communicate. Thanks to wireless communications, they participate to mobile dynamic networks composed of UAV and ground sensors and thus many challenges have to be addressed to make UAV very efficient. And behind any UAV application, hides an optimization problem. There is still a criterion or multiple ones to optimize such as flying time, energy consumption, number of UAV, quantity of data to send/receive, etc.
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Nasir, Ali Arshad, Hoang Duong Tuan, Trung Q. Duong, and H. Vincent Poor. "UAV-Enabled Communication Using NOMA." IEEE Transactions on Communications 67, no. 7 (July 2019): 5126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2906622.
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Mardani, Afshin, Marcello Chiaberge, and Paolo Giaccone. "Communication-Aware UAV Path Planning." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 52609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2911018.
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Campion, Mitch, Prakash Ranganathan, and Saleh Faruque. "UAV swarm communication and control architectures: a review." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2018-0009.
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have significantly disrupted the aviation industry. As technology and policy continue to develop, this disruption is only going to increase in magnitude. A specific technology poised to escalate this disruption is UAV swarm. UAV swarm has the potential to distribute tasks and coordinate operation of many UAVs with little to no operator intervention. This paper surveys literature regarding UAV swarm and proposes a swarm architecture that will allow for higher levels of swarm autonomy and reliability by utilizing cellular mobile wireless communication infrastructure. This paper chronicles initial testbed development to meet this proposed architecture. Focused development of UAV swarms with UAV-to-UAV communication autonomous coordination ability is central to advancing the utility of UAV swarms. The use of cellular mobile framework alleviates many limiting factors that hinder the utility of UAVs including range of communication, networking challenges, and size-weight-and-power considerations. In addition, cellular networks leverage a robust and reliable infrastructure for machine to machine communication proposed by 5G systems.
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Park, Ki-Won, Hyeon Min Kim, and Oh-Soon Shin. "A Survey on Intelligent-Reflecting-Surface-Assisted UAV Communications." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 5143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145143.
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Both the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) are attracting growing attention as enabling technologies for future wireless networks. In particular, IRS-assisted UAV communication, which incorporates IRSs into UAV communications, is emerging to overcome the limitations and problems of UAV communications and improve the system performance. This article aims to provide a comprehensive survey on IRS-assisted UAV communications. We first present six representative scenarios that integrate IRSs and UAVs according to the installation point of IRSs and the role of UAVs. Then, we introduce and discuss the technical features of the state-of-the-art relevant works on IRS-assisted UAV communications systems from the perspective of the main performance criteria, i.e., spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, security, etc. We also introduce machine learning algorithms adopted in the previous works. Finally, we highlight technical issues and research challenges that need to be addressed to realize IRS-assisted UAV communications systems.
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Alanezi, Mohammed A., Abdullahi Mohammad, Yusuf A. Sha’aban, Houssem R. E. H. Bouchekara, and Mohammad S. Shahriar. "Auto-Encoder Learning-Based UAV Communications for Livestock Management." Drones 6, no. 10 (September 25, 2022): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6100276.
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The advancement in computing and telecommunication has broadened the applications of drones beyond military surveillance to other fields, such as agriculture. Livestock farming using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems requires surveillance and monitoring of animals on relatively large farmland. A reliable communication system between UAVs and the ground control station (GCS) is necessary to achieve this. This paper describes learning-based communication strategies and techniques that enable interaction and data exchange between UAVs and a GCS. We propose a deep auto-encoder UAV design framework for end-to-end communications. Simulation results show that the auto-encoder learns joint transmitter (UAV) and receiver (GCS) mapping functions for various communication strategies, such as QPSK, 8PSK, 16PSK and 16QAM, without prior knowledge.
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Xu, Chengtao, Kai Zhang, Yushan Jiang, Shuteng Niu, Thomas Yang, and Houbing Song. "Communication Aware UAV Swarm Surveillance Based on Hierarchical Architecture." Drones 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5020033.
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Multi-agent unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) teaming becomes an essential part in science mission, modern warfare surveillance, and disaster rescuing. This paper proposes a decentralized UAV swarm persistent monitoring strategy in realizing continuous sensing coverage and network service. A two-layer (high altitude and low altitude) UAV teaming hierarchical structure is adopted in realizing the accurate object tracking in the area of interest (AOI). By introducing the UAV communication channel model in its path planning, both centralized and decentralized control schemes would be evaluated in the waypoint tracking simulation. The UAV swarm network service and object tracking are measured by metrics of communication link quality and waypoints tracking accuracy. UAV swarm network connectivity are evaluated over different aspects, such as stability and volatility. The comparison of proposed algorithms is presented with simulations. The result shows that the decentralized scheme outperforms the centralized scheme in the mission of persistent surveillance, especially on maintaining the stability of inner UAV swarm network while tracking moving objects.
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D., Dr Sivaganesan. "Wireless UAV Rotary Wing Communication with Ground Nodes Using Successive Convex Approximation and Energy Saving Mode." IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems 2, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2020.2.006.
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Communication with several ground nodes (GNs) is enabled through wireless communications by means of a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). For every GN, the requirements of communication throughput is satisfied while minimizing the communication and propulsion related energy thereby reducing the total energy consumption of the UAV. The total completion time of the mission, the GN time allocation for communication as well as the trajectory of UAV are optimized jointly to formulate the problem of energy minimization. The UAV rotary wing model of power consumption for propulsion power in a closed-form is also derived. The complexity of the problem increases with the involvement of several variables infinitely over time and the non-convex variables, making it challenging to be solved optimally. The hovering location sets are visited by the UAV and at each location, communication is established with the corresponding GNs. This simplified design for fly-hover-communicate is established for tackling the underlying issue. Convex optimization techniques and travelling salesman problem with neighborhood (TSPN) are leveraged for optimization of the trajectory that connects the hovering locations and the duration of hovering by means of the proposed algorithm design. Communication of the UAV during operation is considered as a general scenario. Discretization of the problem to its equivalent is done in the proposed novel path discretization technique by means of optimized variables of finite number. Further, a successive convex approximation (SCA) scheme is applied for obtaining a solution that is locally optimal. A comparison of the proposed design is performed with the benchmark schemes and it is found that they are outperformed based on numerical results.
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Zhou, Wenhong, Jie Li, and Qingjie Zhang. "Joint Communication and Action Learning in Multi-Target Tracking of UAV Swarms with Deep Reinforcement Learning." Drones 6, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6110339.
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Communication is the cornerstone of UAV swarms to transmit information and achieve cooperation. However, artificially designed communication protocols usually rely on prior expert knowledge and lack flexibility and adaptability, which may limit the communication ability between UAVs and is not conducive to swarm cooperation. This paper adopts a new data-driven approach to study how reinforcement learning can be utilized to jointly learn the cooperative communication and action policies for UAV swarms. Firstly, the communication policy of a UAV is defined, so that the UAV can autonomously decide the content of the message sent out according to its real-time status. Secondly, neural networks are designed to approximate the communication and action policies of the UAV, and their policy gradient optimization procedures are deduced, respectively. Then, a reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed to jointly learn the communication and action policies of UAV swarms. Numerical simulation results verify that the policies learned by the proposed algorithm are superior to the existing benchmark algorithms in terms of multi-target tracking performance, scalability in different scenarios, and robustness under communication failures.
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Khan, Adnan Shahid, Muhammad Ali Sattar, Kashif Nisar, Ag Asri Ag Ibrahim, Noralifah Binti Annuar, Johari bin Abdullah, and Shuaib Karim Memon. "A Survey on 6G Enabled Light Weight Authentication Protocol for UAVs, Security, Open Research Issues and Future Directions." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010277.
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This paper demonstrates a broad exploration of existing authentication and secure communication of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a ‘6G network’. We begin with an overview of existing surveys that deal with UAV authentication in 6G and beyond communications, standardization, applications and security. In order to highlight the impact of blockchain and UAV authentication in ‘UAV networks’ in future communication systems, we categorize the groups in this review into two comprehensive groups. The first group, named the Performance Group (PG), comprises the performance-related needs on data rates, latency, reliability and massive connectivity. Meanwhile, the second group, named the Specifications Group (SG), is included in the authentication-related needs on non-reputability, data integrity and audit ability. In the 6G network, with blockchain and UAV authentication, the network decentralization and resource sharing would minimize resource under-utilization thereby facilitating PG targets. Furthermore, through an appropriate selection of blockchain type and consensus algorithms, the SG’s needs of UAV authentication in 6G network applications can also be readily addressed. In this study, the combination of blockchain and UAV authentication in 6G network emergence is reviewed as a detailed review for secure and universal future communication. Finally, we conclude on the critical identification of challenges and future research directions on the subject.
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Zhao, Taifei, Yi Zhao, and Kun Liu. "Wireless ultraviolet cooperative unmanned aerial vehicle formation communication link maintenance method." Applied Optics 61, no. 24 (August 15, 2022): 7140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.463573.
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A stable formation communication network can improve the task efficiency of a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) cluster. Aiming at the topology construction of the UAV formation communication network, combined with the optimal rigid graph theory, we design a three-dimensional UAV formation communication network generation algorithm based on the optimal rigid graph. We construct a new link weight function by introducing node residual energy and communication path loss to reduce the overall energy consumption of formation. Aiming at the problem that the communication link of the UAV is interrupted when the formation network is moving, a UAV communication beam tracking and holding method based on a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) structure and position prediction is designed. Simulation results show that the network topology constructed by the UAV formation communication network generation algorithm has a good average node degree, and effectively improves the network connectivity and communication fault tolerance. Compared with the tracking and holding algorithm based on the received signal strength, the beam tracking and holding algorithm significantly reduces the number of link interruptions, and the communication success holding rate can be basically maintained at about 90%.
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Yang, Zhi Min, Yong Jiang Hu, Chang Long Wang, and Quan Sheng Yuan. "The Application of Physical Layer Network Coding in the UAVs." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4147.
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In order to improve the network throughput and anti-jamming capability of UAV communications, physical layer network coding is applied in the UAV communications. Simulation results show that: the use of physical layer network coding can not only improve network throughput greatly, reduce the error rate of communication, but also enhance its anti-jamming capability,which satisfy UAVs’ requirements in modern warfare.
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Cai, Lin. "Application Research of Distributed UAV Nest Based on Multi-Information Fusion Sensor in the Field of Communication." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (August 23, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6204709.
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For the long delay in the communication field of the unmanned robot, which seriously affects the accurate evaluation of the operation status of the UAV, this paper introduces the multi-information fusion sensor into the field of distributed UAV nest communication. By using the multi-information fusion sensor to fuse the attitude data information of the UAV flight, the delay of the information obtained in the communication process is reduced. The multi-information fusion sensor needs to fully consider the delay problem in the communication field during the use of the UAV nest. By using the acceleration data information to make up for the shortcomings of the delay, relatively accurate and high-precision UAV motion evaluation results can be obtained. According to the simulation of the UAV using the multi-information fusion sensor during the flight, the method proposed in this paper is verified on the UAV system. After comparing the simulation and test results, it can be seen that the method used in this paper can effectively improve the application efficiency of multi-information fusion sensors in the communication field of distributed UAV nests, and has a high reference value for data information analysis.
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Xue, RiXin, Peng Tang, and Shudong Fang. "Multiwing UAV Communication and Energy Consumption Optimization Based on Energy Optimization." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (March 12, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5403035.
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The UAV carries communication equipment to lift off as an aerial base station, which has the characteristics of flexibility, rapid deployment, etc. Reducing the energy consumption of UAVs is a key issue that needs to be urgently addressed in the current UAV field to build green UAVs. The transmission service rate adaptivity of UAV devices provides an effective way to optimize UAV energy consumption and improve UAV energy efficiency, and a global and distributed UAV energy optimization routing strategy based on routing algorithm is proposed in this paper. The strategy starts from the perspective of UAV global routing and abstracts the UAV components that provide transmission services for data into a processing domain according to the service characteristics of UAVs. In the simulation experiments, the distributed heuristic algorithm for energy-optimized routing proposed in the paper is compared with the OSPF and GreenOSPF energy-efficient routing algorithms in the related literature, and the comparison results of the algorithms in terms of energy consumption and delay are presented.
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Davoli, Luca, Emanuele Pagliari, and Gianluigi Ferrari. "Hybrid LoRa-IEEE 802.11s Opportunistic Mesh Networking for Flexible UAV Swarming." Drones 5, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5020026.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and small drones are nowadays being widely used in heterogeneous use cases: aerial photography, precise agriculture, inspections, environmental data collection, search-and-rescue operations, surveillance applications, and more. When designing UAV swarm-based applications, a key “ingredient” to make them effective is the communication system (possible involving multiple protocols) shared by flying drones and terrestrial base stations. When compared to ground communication systems for swarms of terrestrial vehicles, one of the main advantages of UAV-based communications is the presence of direct Line-of-Sight (LOS) links between flying UAVs operating at an altitude of tens of meters, often ensuring direct visibility among themselves and even with some ground Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs). Therefore, the adoption of proper networking strategies for UAV swarms allows users to exchange data at distances (significantly) longer than in ground applications. In this paper, we propose a hybrid communication architecture for UAV swarms, leveraging heterogeneous radio mesh networking based on long-range communication protocols—such as LoRa and LoRaWAN—and IEEE 802.11s protocols. We then discuss its strengths, constraints, viable implementation, and relevant reference use cases.
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Li, Bin, Zesong Fei, Yan Zhang, and Mohsen Guizani. "Secure UAV Communication Networks over 5G." IEEE Wireless Communications 26, no. 5 (October 2019): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2019.1800458.
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Li, Jiawei, Ruixia Cheng, Junwen Zhu, Yu Tian, and Yiwen Zhang. "Wireless secure communication involving UAV: an overview of physical layer security." MATEC Web of Conferences 336 (2021): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133604005.
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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a flight device with power and energy based on computer program control, which has the characteristics of small size, light weight, high maneuverability and low cost. With its characteristics, UAV can play an important role in military and civil fields. However, due to the broadcast nature of wireless communication and inherent air-to-ground line-of-sight channel, UAV wireless communication system is more vulnerable to security threats. On the basis of traditional encryption technology, the secrecy capacity of the UAV communication system can be improved by introducing physical layer security. This article aims to study the security of the physical layer in the UAV communication system, and summarizes the latest research results on the safety communication involving UAVs on the physical layer, such as trajectory optimization, power allocation, user scheduling and cooperative UAVs. Further, some potential research directions and challenges in physical layer security of UAV system are discussed.
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Duan, Zhengxiang, Xin Yang, Qian Xu, and Ling Wang. "Time-Division Multiarray Beamforming for UAV Communication." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (April 12, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4089931.
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Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in various industries. However, the communication links of UAVs are also threatened by eavesdropping. To enhance physical layer security (PLS) for UAV communications, a time-division multiarray beamforming (TDMB) scheme is proposed. Multiple antenna arrays steer their beamforming vectors based on their position relative to the legitimate user (LU). Thus, angle-distance-dependent directional modulation (DM) can be achieved. Time-division means multiple antenna arrays take turns transmitting different symbols from a same packet. The receiver in undesired directions suffers from intersymbol interference (ISI) because of the path differences between the receiver and different antenna arrays. This paper shows the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) distribution with the proposed method in a 2-dimensional plane. Also, the improvement of the secrecy rate with the proposed method under different total antennas and artificial noise power is studied. Overall, these results indicate that the security rate has improved more with the proposed method, where the numbers of antennas and the power of AN are limited. Therefore, this method is suitable for UAV security communication.
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Barka, Ezedin, Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache, Nasreddine Lagraa, Abderrahmane Lakas, Carlos T. Calafate, and Juan-Carlos Cano. "UNION: A Trust Model Distinguishing Intentional and Unintentional Misbehavior in Inter-UAV Communication." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7475357.
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Ensuring the desired level of security is an important issue in all communicating systems, and it becomes more challenging in wireless environments. Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs) are an emerging type of mobile network that is built using energy-restricted devices. Hence, the communications interface used and that computation complexity are additional factors to consider when designing secure protocols for these networks. In the literature, various solutions have been proposed to ensure secure and reliable internode communications, and these FANET nodes are known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). In general, these UAVs are often detected as malicious due to an unintentional misbehavior related to the physical features of the UAVs, the communication mediums, or the network interface. In this paper, we propose a new context-aware trust-based solution to distinguish between intentional and unintentional UAV misbehavior. The main goal is to minimize the generated error ratio while meeting the desired security levels. Our proposal simultaneously establishes the inter-UAV trust and estimates the current context in terms of UAV energy, mobility pattern, and enqueued packets, in order to ensure full context awareness in the overall honesty evaluation. In addition, based on computed trust and context metrics, we also propose a new inter-UAV packet delivery strategy. Simulations conducted using NS2.35 evidence the efficiency of our proposal, called UNION, at ensuring high detection ratios > 87% and high accuracy with reduced end-to-end delay, clearly outperforming previous proposals known as RPM, T-CLAIDS, and CATrust.
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Khalid, Waqas, Heejung Yu, and Song Noh. "Residual Energy Analysis in Cognitive Radios with Energy Harvesting UAV under Reliability and Secrecy Constraints." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 2998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102998.
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The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a cognitive radio (CR) technology can improve the spectrum utilization. However, UAV network services demand reliable and secure communications, along with energy efficiency to prolong battery life. We consider an energy harvesting UAV (e.g., surveillance drone) flying periodically in a circular track around a ground-mounted primary transmitter. The UAV, with limited-energy budget, harvests radio frequency energy and uses the primary spectrum band opportunistically. To obtain intuitive insight into the performance of energy-harvesting, and reliable and secure communications, the closed-form expressions of the residual energy, connection outage probability, and secrecy outage probability, respectively, are analytically derived. We construct the optimization problems of residual energy with reliable and secure communications, under scenarios without and with an eavesdropper, respectively, and the analytical solutions are obtained with the approximation of perfect sensing. The numerical simulations verify the analytical results and identify the requirements of length of sensing phase and transmit power for the maximum residual energy in both reliable and secure communication scenarios. Additionally, it is shown that the residual energy in secure communication is lower than that in reliable communication.
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Xue, Yishi, Bo Xu, Wenchao Xia, Jun Zhang, and Hongbo Zhu. "Backhaul-Aware Resource Allocation and Optimum Placement for UAV-Assisted Wireless Communication Network." Electronics 9, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091397.
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Driven by its agile maneuverability and deployment, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) becomes a potential enabler of the terrestrial networks. In this paper, we consider downlink communications in a UAV-assisted wireless communication network, where a multi-antenna UAV assists the ground base station (GBS) to forward signals to multiple user equipments (UEs). The UAV is associated with the GBS through in-band wireless backhaul, which shares the spectrum resource with the access links between UEs and the UAV. The optimization problem is formulated to maximize the downlink ergodic sum-rate by jointly optimizing UAV placement, spectrum resource allocation and transmit power matrix of the UAV. The deterministic equivalents of UE’s achievable rate and backhaul capacity are first derived by utilizing large-dimensional random matrix theory, in which, only the slowly varying large-scale channel state information is required. An approximation problem of the joint optimization problem is then introduced based on the deterministic equivalents. Finally, an algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal solution of the approximate problem. Simulation results are provided to validate the accuracy of the deterministic equivalents, and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Cao, Dongju, Wendong Yang, and Gangyi Xu. "Joint Trajectory and Communication Design for Buffer-Aided Multi-UAV Relaying Networks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 15, 2019): 5524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245524.
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With the rapid development and evolvement of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, UAV aided wireless communication technology has been widely studied recently. In this paper, a buffer aided multi-UAV relaying network is investigated to assist blocked ground communication. According to the mobility and implementation flexibility of UAV relays, it is assumed that the communication link between air-to-ground is the Rician fading channel. On the basis of information causality, we derive the state change of the information in the buffer of UAV relays and maximize the end-to-end average throughput by join the relay selection, UAV transmit power, and UAV trajectory optimization. However, the considered problem is a mixed integer non-convex optimization problem, and therefore, it is difficult to solve directly with general optimization methods. In order to make the problem tractable, an efficient iterative algorithm based on the block coordinate descent and the successive convex optimization techniques is proposed. The convergence of the proposed algorithm will be verified analytically at the end of this paper. The simulation results show that by alternately optimizing the relay selection, UAV transmit power, and UAV trajectory, the proposed algorithm is able to achieve convergence quickly and significantly improve the average throughput, as compared to other benchmark schemes.
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Tang, Tao, Tao Hong, Haohui Hong, Senyuan Ji, Shahid Mumtaz, and Mohamed Cheriet. "An Improved UAV-PHD Filter-Based Trajectory Tracking Algorithm for Multi-UAVs in Future 5G IoT Scenarios." Electronics 8, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101188.
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The 5G cellular network is expected to provide core service platform for the expanded Internet of Things (IoT) by supporting enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, provide civil, commercial, and government services in various fields. Particularly in a 5G IoT scenario, UAV-aided network communications will fulfill an increasingly important role and will require the tracking of multiple UAV targets. As UAVs move quickly, maintaining the stability of the communication connection in 5G will be a challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to track the trajectory of UAVs. At present, the GM-PHD filter has a problem that the new target intensity must be known, and it cannot obtain the moving target trajectory and the influence of the clutter is likely to cause false alarm. A UAV-PHD filter is proposed in this work to improve the traditional GM-PHD filter by applying machine learning to the emergency detection and trajectory tracking of UAV targets. An out-of-sight detection algorithm for multiple UAVs is then presented to improve tracking performance. The method is assessed by simulation using MATLAB, and OSPA distance is utilized as an evaluation indicator. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed method can be applied to the tracking of multiple UAV targets in future 5G-IoT scenarios, and the performance is superior to the traditional GM-PHD filter.
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Yu, Ding. "Application of UAV in bidirectional wireless communication network and monitoring system." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 1 (June 14, 2022): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v1i.466.
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UAV has the advantages of good flexibility, low cost and easy maintenance, and is widely used. In situations where there is an urgent need to build radio networks, drones have advantages that no other means can match. By analyzing the mission route of UAV, this paper establishes the monitoring system based on UAV and the radio communication network assisted by UAV repeater, and then realizes the two-way transmission of radio communication by the optimization of genetic algorithm. Thus, the communication and monitoring effect of emergency rescue departments are guaranteed.
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Wu, Fahui, Dingcheng Yang, Lin Xiao, and Laurie Cuthbert. "Minimum-Throughput Maximization for Multi-UAV-Enabled Wireless-Powered Communication Networks." Sensors 19, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071491.
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This paper considers a wireless-powered communication network (WPCN) system that uses multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Ground users (GUs) first harvest energy from a mobile wireless energy transfer (WET) UAV then use the energy to power their information transmission to a data gatherer (DG) UAV. We aim to maximize the minimum throughput for all GUs by jointly optimizing UAV trajectories, and the resource allocation of ET UAV and GUs. Because of the non-convexity of the formulated problem, we propose an alternating optimization algorithm, applying successive convex optimization techniques to solve the problem; the UAV trajectories and resource allocation are alternately optimized in each iteration. Numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in different scenarios.
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Alenezi, Ali, Ahmad Sawalmeh, Hazim Shakhatreh, Muhannad Almutiry, and Nasser Aedh Alreshidi. "A Novel Mining Approach for Data Analysis and Processing Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Complexity 2022 (May 18, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6795101.
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In the mining industry, smart surveying and exploration operations for the minerals are essential during mining missions. Usually, these missions are performed in remote areas that do not have a wireless communications infrastructure. This paper proposes to use the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a relay communication node between the exploration team and the ground control station (GCs). UAV can act as a relay node to provide mobile, flexible, and reliable communication links in remote environments and complex topologies. In this work, the pathloss models in millimeter-wave technology are considered because they provide massive data rates for line of sight scenarios. The optimization problem of identifying a 3D location and trajectory of the UAV relay node is formulated to maximize the total team members’ data rate. Because the problem is non-convex, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve it and determine an efficient location and trajectory of the UAV.
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Luan, Zhirong, Hongtao Jia, Ping Wang, Rong Jia, and Badong Chen. "Joint UAVs’ Load Balancing and UEs’ Data Rate Fairness Optimization by Diffusion UAV Deployment Algorithm in Multi-UAV Networks." Entropy 23, no. 11 (November 7, 2021): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111470.
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be deployed as base stations (BSs) for emergency communications of user equipments (UEs) in 5G/6G networks. In multi-UAV communication networks, UAVs’ load balancing and UEs’ data rate fairness are two challenging problems and can be optimized by UAV deployment strategies. In this work, we found that these two problems are related by the same performance metric, which makes it possible to optimize the two problems simultaneously. To solve this joint optimization problem, we propose a UAV diffusion deployment algorithm based on the virtual force field method. Firstly, according to the unique performance metric, we define two new virtual forces, which are the UAV-UAV force and UE-UAV force defined by FU and FV, respectively. FV is the main contributor to load balancing and UEs’ data rate fairness, and FU contributes to fine tuning the UEs’ data rate fairness performance. Secondly, we propose a diffusion control stratedy to the update UAV-UAV force, which optimizes FV in a distributed manner. In this diffusion strategy, each UAV optimizes the local parameter by exchanging information with neighbor UAVs, which achieve global load balancing in a distributed manner. Thirdly, we adopt the successive convex optimization method to update FU, which is a non-convex problem. The resultant force of FV and FU is used to control the UAVs’ motion. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the baseline algorithm on UAVs’ load balancing and UEs’ data rate fairness.
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Han, Yu, Xiaolei Wang, Yi Zhang, Gang Yang, and Xin Tan. "A UAV swarm communication network architecture based on consortium blockchain." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2352, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2352/1/012008.
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In the context of the development of UAVs towards clustering, intelligence, and autonomy, it is necessary to ensure that multiple UAVs and ground control stations can communicate and share information securely in real-time so that UAV swarms can make real-time and effective decisions and collaborations. These factors pose challenges to the security, robustness, and operational efficiency of UAV swarm communication networks. This paper combines blockchain technology with a UAV swarm communication network, proposes a new UAV swarm communication network architecture based on consortium blockchain, and describes the network structure and transaction process in detail. The performance analysis shows that the security mechanism of the architecture can meet the security requirements of the UAV swarm communication network. And this solution is superior to existing solutions based on blockchain technology such as Ethereum in performance and is a technical solution with both security and usability.
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Guo, Jing, Shuai Yang, Dongkun Lu, and Caixia Zhang. "Wireless communication system throughput maximization based on UAV path planning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2216, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2216/1/012008.
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Abstract This paper studies the path planning of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in wireless information and energy transmission system of wireless sensor network. UAV transmits radio frequency energy to enable ground sensors, and the ground sensors transmit information to the UAV. In order to solve the non-convex optimization problem in path planning, a new alternate optimization framework is proposed to optimize the fly trajectory of the UAV and maximize the throughput of the entire system. The proposed framework firstly utlizes the lagrangian method to obtain relaxation solution without maximum speed constraint, then implements genetic algorithm and continuous convex optimization algorithm to obtain optimal trajectory and energy allocation strategy. Numerical simulations results show that the UAV-assisted wireless information and energy transmission system can realize self-powered sensor network and data collection in special environments, and improve the throughput of the sensor network system.
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Lu, Hao, Minghe Mao, and Jianjun Sun. "Space Deployment Algorithm for UAV-IRS-Based Systems Using a Ck++ Optimizer." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7916305.
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With the popularity of 5G mobile communication services, the number of users has increased dramatically, as well as the nonuniformity of user density distribution; many users are in nonideal channel conditions, so unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a passive relay equipment platform has gradually entered people’s vision. Intelligent reflective surfaces (IRSs) capable of reconfiguring electromagnetic absorption and reflection properties in real-time are offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance wireless communication experience in challenging environments. In this paper, we start from the point of minimizing the energy consumption and nodes of UAV passive relay; the paper proposes to install intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) on UAV as a new passive relay and establish the communication coverage model of UAV-IRS. Then, the main relationship between the coverage radius and hover height of UAV-IRS is verified. In view of different distribution densities of target users, a CK++ (cyclic k -means++) is proposed to solve the spatial deployment problem of UAV-IRS, where the optimal solution of the system is obtained through cyclic clustering. And the algorithm is verified to effectively improve the performance of urban mobile communication and user communication service quality through numerical stimulation.
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Al-Gburi, Ahmed, Osamah Abdullah, Akram Y. Sarhan, and Hayder Al-Hraishawi. "Channel Estimation for UAV Communication Systems Using Deep Neural Networks." Drones 6, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6110326.
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Channel modeling of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from wireless communications has gained great interest for rapid deployment in wireless communication. The UAV channel has its own distinctive characteristics compared to satellite and cellular networks. Many proposed techniques consider and formulate the channel modeling of UAVs as a classification problem, where the key is to extract the discriminative features of the UAV wireless signal. For this issue, we propose a framework of multiple Gaussian–Bernoulli restricted Boltzmann machines (GBRBM) for dimension reduction and pre-training utilization incorporated with an autoencoder-based deep neural network. The developed system used UAV measurements of a town’s already existing commercial cellular network for training and validation. To evaluate the proposed approach, we run ray-tracing simulations in the program Remcom Wireless InSite at a distinct frequency of 28 GHz and used them for training and validation. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate in channel acquisition for various UAV flying scenarios and outperforms the conventional DNNs.
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Garnaev, Andrey, Wade Trappe, and Athina Petropulu. "A Dilemma in the Communication of a UAV with its Controller." International Game Theory Review 22, no. 02 (April 18, 2020): 2040003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198920400034.
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In this paper, we investigate a dilemma of employing silent mode and communication mode by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in communication with its controller. In many applications, a UAV communicates with a controller to receive instructions or accurate positioning, but such active communication poses a threat that the UAV can be hijacked through spoofing. On the other hand, during a silent mode (when the UAV does not communicate with the controller), the UAV is safe from spoofing, but is not receiving updates or other important data, and can degrade the overall UAV mission. To gain insight into the UAV risk versus benefit tradeoff, a simple game-theoretic model is presented. Additionally, this paper investigates how incomplete information about the capability of the controller to quickly learn the adversary’s attack and adjust its strategy accordingly can impact the equilibrium strategies. In contrast to regular-type capability, when both the rivals maximize their payoffs simultaneously, the capability of the controller to quickly learn is modeled by having the controller apply the best-response strategy. We model this problem using a Bayesian game, where the adversary knows only a priori probabilities about what capability the controller has. Dependence of the equilibrium strategies on these a priori probabilities is illustrated.
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Huang, Hailong, Andrey V. Savkin, and Wei Ni. "Energy-Efficient 3D Navigation of a Solar-Powered UAV for Secure Communication in the Presence of Eavesdroppers and No-Fly Zones." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061445.
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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been regarded as a promising means to reshape future wireless communication systems. In this paper, we consider how to plan the trajectory of a solar-powered UAV under a cloudy condition to secure the communication between the UAV and a target ground node against multiple eavesdroppers. We propose a new 3D UAV trajectory optimization model by taking into account the UAV energy consumption, solar power harvesting, eavesdropping and no-fly zone avoidance. A Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) method is developed to construct the UAV trajectory. Computer simulations and comparisons with a baseline method demonstrate that the proposed method is able to produce trajectories to ensure the valid wireless communication link with the ground node and prevent eavesdropping.
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Pai, Vinay U., and B. Sainath. "UAV Selection and Link Switching Policy for Hybrid Tethered UAV-Assisted Communication." IEEE Communications Letters 25, no. 7 (July 2021): 2410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3070197.
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Liu, Jue, Nan Sha, Weiwei Yang, Jia Tu, and Lianxin Yang. "Hierarchical Q-Learning Based UAV Secure Communication against Multiple UAV Adaptive Eavesdroppers." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (October 8, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8825120.
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In this paper, we investigate secure unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication in the presence of multiple UAV adaptive eavesdroppers (AEs), where each AE can conduct eavesdropping or jamming adaptively by learning others’ actions for degrading the secrecy rate more seriously. The one-leader and multi-follower Stackelberg game is adopted to analyze the mutual interference among multiple AEs, and the optimal transmit powers are proven to exist under the existing conditions. Following that, a mixed-strategy Stackelberg Equilibrium based on finite and discretized power set is also derived and a hierarchical Q-learning based power allocation algorithm (HQLA) is proposed to obtain the optimal power allocation strategy of the transmitter. Numerical results show that secrecy performance can be degraded severely by multiple AEs and verify the availability of the optimal power allocation strategy. Finally, the effect of the eavesdropping cost on the AE’s attack mode strategies is also revealed.
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H. Sawalmeh, Ahmad, and Noor Shamsiah Othman. "An Overview of Collision Avoidance Approaches and Network Architecture of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.27395.
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As an autonomous vehicle, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are subjected to several challenges. One of the challenges is for UAV to be able to avoid collision. Many collision avoidance methods have been proposed to address this issue. Furthermore, in a multi-UAV system, it is also important to address communication issue among UAVs for cooperation and collaboration. This issue can be addressed by setting up an ad-hoc network among UAVs. There is also a need to consider the challenges in the deployment of UAVs, as well as, in the development of collision avoidance methods and the establishment of communication for cooperation and collaboration in a multi-UAV system. In this paper, we present general challenges in the deployment of UAV and comparison of UAV communication services based on its operating frequency. We also present major collision avoidance approaches, and specifically discuss collision avoidance approaches that are suitable for indoor applications. We also present the Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANET) network architecture, communication and routing protocols for each Open System Interconnection (OSI) communication layers.
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Yang, Lei, Song Gao, ZiYue Liu, and ZhuoJun He. "Secure transmission strategy of multi UAV relays in jamming environment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2187, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2187/1/012015.
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Abstract This paper studies a multi UAV relays communication system based on secure transmission strategy in jamming environment. In the multi UAV relays communication system with interference, we use the physical layer security technology based on the physical layer to maximize the minimum average rate by optimizing the flight trajectory and resource allocation of the signal source and UAV relays, and adjust the channel state information of the legal communication channel, so as to improve the communication performance of the legal channel. Since the optimization problem and constraints are nonconvex and cannot be solved directly, we decompose it into two sub optimization problems: interference optimization and strategy optimization, which are solved respectively. Finally, the joint optimal solution of the original optimization problem is obtained by alternating iterative optimization, the simulation results show that by jointly optimizing the transmission power and flight trajectory of signal source and UAV relays, the influence of interference source on wireless communication is reduced and safer communication is realized.
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Chen, Qi-jie, Yu-qiang Jin, Ting-long Yan, Tao-yu Wang, and Yao Wang. "UAV Formation Control under Communication Constraints Based on Distributed Model Predictive Control." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 20, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7316009.
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A distributed model predictive control method is used to transform the formation and maintenance problem of fixed-wing UAV formation during flight into an online rolling optimization problem to solve in this paper. Firstly, the state estimation model of the neighborhood UAV is established according to the relative information of the UAV. Secondly, the error state model in the three-dimensional inertial coordinate frame of the UAV is established without considering the time delay, sensor error, and external interference. Thirdly, a cost function is designed by introducing the error state of the UAV in the neighborhood. Finally, four UAVs are used to verify that under the action of the controller, the UAVs can quickly form and maintain the desired formation while tracking the reference line.
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Niu, Haibin, Xinyu Zhao, Liming Hou, and Dongjun Ma. "Energy Efficiency Maximization for UAV-Assisted Emergency Communication Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7595347.
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Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in emergency communications is a promising technology because of their flexible deployment, low cost, and high mobility. However, due to the limited energy of the onboard battery, the service duration of the UAV is greatly limited. In this paper, we study an emerging energy-efficient UAV emergency network, where a UAV works as an aerial base station to serve a group of users with different statistical quality-of-service (QoS) constraints in the downlink. In particular, the energy efficiency of the UAV is defined as the sum effective capacity of the downlink users divided by the energy consumption of the UAV, which includes the energy consumed by communication and the energy consumed by hovering. Then, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the energy efficiency of the UAV by jointly optimizing the UAV’s altitude, downlink transmit power, and bandwidth allocation while meeting a statistical delay QoS requirement for each user. The formulated optimization problem is a nonlinear nonconvex optimization problem of fractional programming, which is difficult to solve. In order to deal with the nonconvex optimization problem, the following two steps are used. First, we transform the fractional objective function into a tractable subtractive function. Second, we decompose the original optimization problem into three subproblems, and then, we propose an efficient iterative algorithm to obtain the energy efficiency maximization value by using the Dinkelbach method, the block coordinate descent, and the successive convex optimization technique. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed algorithm has significant energy savings compared with a benchmark scheme.
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Anicho, Ogbonnaya, Philip B. Charlesworth, Gurvinder S. Baicher, and Atulya Nagar. "Conflicts in Routing and UAV Autonomy." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v6n4.169.
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Routing is very fundamental to the implementation of any networking or communications infrastructure. This paper, therefore, examines the conflicts and relevant considerations for implementing autonomous or self-organising unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for communications area coverage, with particular emphasis on the impact of aerial vehicle autonomy algorithms on routing techniques for such networks. UAV networks can be deployed either as ad-hoc or infrastructure-based solutions. The mobility of UAVs introduces periodic topology changes, impacting link availability and routing paths. This work examines the implications of autonomous coordination of multiple UAVs on routing techniques and network architecture stability. The paper proposes a solution where routing techniques and UAV autonomy algorithms are integrated for improved global network efficiency for both ad-hoc and infrastructure-based scenarios. Integrating UAV autonomy algorithms with routing schemes may be an efficient method to mitigate link/topology stability issues and improve inter-UAV communication and network throughput, a key requirement for UAV networks. The implementation of inter-UAV links using optical, microwave or mmWave transmission is examined in the context of this work. The proposed integration may be crucial for communications coverage, where UAVs provide communications area coverage of a community of mobile or fixed users in either ad-hoc or infrastructure-based modes.
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Anicho, Ogbonnaya, Philip B. Charlesworth, Gurvinder S. Baicher, and Atulya Nagar. "Conflicts in Routing and UAV Autonomy." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v6n4.169.
Full textAbstract:
Routing is very fundamental to the implementation of any networking or communications infrastructure. This paper, therefore, examines the conflicts and relevant considerations for implementing autonomous or self-organising unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for communications area coverage, with particular emphasis on the impact of aerial vehicle autonomy algorithms on routing techniques for such networks. UAV networks can be deployed either as ad-hoc or infrastructure-based solutions. The mobility of UAVs introduces periodic topology changes, impacting link availability and routing paths. This work examines the implications of autonomous coordination of multiple UAVs on routing techniques and network architecture stability. The paper proposes a solution where routing techniques and UAV autonomy algorithms are integrated for improved global network efficiency for both ad-hoc and infrastructure-based scenarios. Integrating UAV autonomy algorithms with routing schemes may be an efficient method to mitigate link/topology stability issues and improve inter-UAV communication and network throughput, a key requirement for UAV networks. The implementation of inter-UAV links using optical, microwave or mmWave transmission is examined in the context of this work. The proposed integration may be crucial for communications coverage, where UAVs provide communications area coverage of a community of mobile or fixed users in either ad-hoc or infrastructure-based modes.
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Xuefeng Chen, Xuefeng Chen, Wan Tang Xuefeng Chen, Ximin Yang Wan Tang, Lingyun Zhou Ximin Yang, and Liuhuan Li Lingyun Zhou. "PSO-VFA: A Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm for Coverage Optimization of UAV-Mounted Base Stations." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 3 (May 2022): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022052303007.
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<p>When the number of outdoor wireless users surges and fixed base stations (BSs) can hardly accommodate high-load communication traffic, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) carrying BSs can provide wireless communication services, and the location deployment of the UAV-mounted BSs directly influences the reliability of network communications. For the target area scenario where the UAVs uniformly cover user nodes, we propose a hybrid intelligent coverage algorithm called PSO-VFA to optimize the coverage of a fixed number of UAV-BSs. The PSO-VFA algorithm consists of two phases employing different intelligent algorithms. First, we adopt a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for a global search of the coverage areas. Then, for local search, a virtual-repulsive-force-based firefly algorithm (VFA) is proposed in this paper to maximize the user coverage. In the VFA algorithm, the users are treated as the objects attracting the UAVs, and the virtual repulsive force is used for UAV location adjustment. Simulation results show that the proposed PSO-VFA hybrid algorithm has faster convergence and significantly increases the communication coverage of UAV-mounted BSs compared with individual intelligent algorithms such as VFA, PSO, genetic algorithm (GA), and simulated annealing (SA).</p> <p> </p>
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Baranov, A., A. Nikitina, and O. Simonina. "Mobile Communication Networks for Video Data Transmission from UAV." Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities 8, no. 1 (February 25, 2022): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/1813-324x-2022-8-1-16-26.
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The article describes the results of a flight experiment on the use of a public mobile communication network, conducted in St. Petersburg and its suburbs. The numerical values are given for the signal quality parameters: RSSI, RSRP, RSRQ, SNR and the average data transfer rate from the UAV and to the UAV. It is shown that interRAT handover significantly affects the urban area, which is associated with a high density of base stations. It is concluded that it is possible to transmit video traffic from a UAV for infrastructure monitoring with requirements for a data transfer rate of 1‒1.5 Mbps.