Academic literature on the topic 'U.s. occupation of Iraq'

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Journal articles on the topic "U.s. occupation of Iraq"

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Lee, Jongguk. "U. S. Occupation Policy and Yoshida regime’s Policy Initiative." Journal of Korean-Japanese Military and Culture 29 (April 30, 2020): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47563/kjmc.29.3.

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Gabe, M. "Civil-Military Relations in Okinawa under U. S. Occupation." Annuals of Japanese Political Science Association 40 (1989): 47–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7218/nenpouseijigaku1953.40.0_47.

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Al-Sarraf, Adam, and N. Jansen Calamita. "The Development of Investment Arbitration in Iraq: Domestic Law, the ICSID Convention and Iraq’s Investment Treaties." BCDR International Arbitration Review 3, Issue 2 (December 1, 2016): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bcdr2016032.

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Unlike other developing states in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, Iraq did not participate in the proliferation of bilateral investment treaties and the widespread adoption of arbitration for the resolution of disputes falling within their scope. As a consequence, in the years since the fall of Saddam Hussein and the end of the U.S.-led occupation, Iraq has had to consider how and on what terms it will participate in this global regime. This paper examines the development of international arbitration as an institution in Iraq with reference to both Iraq’s domestic law and its international commitments.
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Jovanović, Bojan, Marko Ševrović, Sandro Tokić, and Davor Sumpor. "Korištenje IRAP metodologije pri selektiranju prometnih nesreća uzrokovanih umorom vozača cestovnih vozila." Sigurnost 62, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31306/s.62.3.1.

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SAŽETAK: Korištenjem samo klasičnih metoda zasnovanih na izračunu objektivnog statističkog rizika nakon ekspertiza prometnih nesreća vrlo je teško pouzdano izdvojiti one za koje je mogući uzrok umor vozača cestovnih vozila. IRAP metodologija može bitno pomoći u boljem izdvajanju prometnih nesreća za koje je vjerojatni uzrok umor vozača, jer se iRAP metodologijom može brzo i objektivno procijeniti statička sigurnost prometne infrastrukture, a onda i isključiti kao mogući uzrok. Prema dinamičkom otvorenom Fullerovom TCI modelu „zahtjev zadaće-sposobnost vozača“, vozači dominantno određuju željenu razinu težine zadaće tijekom vožnje odabirom brzine, što u slučaju odabira nedopuštene brzine ili brzine neprilagođene uvjetima na cesti između ostaloga može ovisiti i o tome je li vozač umoran ili ne. Na primjeru šest prometnih nesreća na autocestama u Republici Hrvatskoj, izdvojenih statističkom obradom prema karakterističnim kriterijima iz recentne znanstvene literature, pokazat će se kako se primjenom iRAP metodologije odrednice prometne infrastrukture iz skupine čimbenika „prometni okoliš“ mogu potpuno isključiti kao uzrok prometne nesreće. Što točnije izdvajanje prometnih nesreća cestovnih vozila za koje je mogući uzrok umor pomoći će kolegama istraživačima iz ostalih znanstvenih područja istražiti karakteristične čimbenike prometnih nesreća povezanih s umorom, a zbog predlaganja mjera za smanjivanje utjecaja umora na izvedbu vozača.
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Bobkin, Nikolay. "The Iranian-American competition in Iraq: the political defeat of the United States." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 2 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760015847-8.

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The article gives an assessment of Iran's policy in neighboring Iraq during the years of the American occupation. The author's scientific hypothesis is that after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, Iran, and not America, became the real beneficiary of the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. The Iranian leadership, interested in changing the Baathist regime in Baghdad, having received such a strategic gift, did everything to use the US military presence to its advantage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategy of expanding Iran's influence in Iraq and its impact on US policy. The article shows that the nature of Iran's influence in Iraq included all the elements of state power: diplomatic, informational, military and economic. It is concluded that Tehran managed to take advantage of the democratic reforms in Iraq, which were carried out under the control of Washington. Iran used its Shiite henchmen, which gave it a political advantage over the United States, which did not have such influential allied forces in Iraq. Despite the disparate balance of military forces with America, Iran managed to avoid the risk of war with the United States and move on to achieving its long-term goals in Iraq. In the future, Tehran plans to achieve the rejection of Baghdad from constructive relations with Washington.
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Sonmez, A. Sait, and Samed Kurban. "Turkey’s Northern Iraq Policy Within the Dilemma of National Security Problems and Economic Cooperation (2003-2015)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n2p13.

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The general characteristic of the foreign policy adopted by Turkey for North Iraq has been shaped based on the national integrity of Iraq since the Gulf War4. However developments in this country caused an increase in seperation demands from North Iraq Kurds. On the other hand this region had become an important base for Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) since 1980’s. Turkey’s security dilemma and priorities over Iraq were formulated as “red lines” and decleraded before invasion of Iraq. But North Iraq based security issues increased after the occupation of Iraq by the United States of America (USA). Getting support of the USA Iraqi Kurds began to follow a policy as political rival of Turkey. But economic relations, which have been established with the regional Government in terms of energy and trade, caused cooperation in other fields. So transfomation of bilateral relations of Turkey and Kurdish Regional Government of Iraq (KRGI) is discussed in this paper. Aim of this paper is to analyze how economic cooperation caused cooperation in security issues such as fight against terrorism.
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Mamedov, R. Sh. "Consequences of Lifting UN and US Sanctions on Iraq after 2003." Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 12, no. 5 (June 15, 2023): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2022-12-5-164-170.

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Both the international community and individual states against Iraq applied some of the most extensive sanctions in recent history under President Saddam Hussein in 1990–2003. The State’s ability to withstand external threats has been weakened. The changing international dynamics influenced this, but also by the long-term sanctions regime. The United States and the coalition led by them took advantage of a weakened Iraq and invaded the country in 2003, overthrowing the regime of S. Hussein. The post-conflict situation and the occupation situation in which Iraq found itself headed by the new government required alternative approaches. The lifting of sanctions was because of the need to stabilize the new political regime in the country close to the occupiers after the overthrow of S. Hussein. Also, it contributed to the enrichment of certain lobbying groups in the United States associated with this military policy.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Measurement of Uranium Concentration in Soil of Middle of Iraq using CR ?V 39 Track Detector." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2011): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.2.451-455.

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The aim of this research is to determine the uranium concentration in soil and water samples taken from different locations from the middle and south of Iraq using fission fragments track registration. Twelve samples of soil and water were taken from middle and South of Iraq. The nuclear reaction used as a source of nuclear fission fragments is U-235 (n.f) obtained by bombardment U-235with thermal neutrons from (Am-Be) neutron source with flux (5X103 n.cm-2.s-1). The concentration values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples recommended by IAEA.The results of the measurements show that the uranium concentration in soil samples were in Thekar (16.38 ppm), AL-Basra (16.1ppm) and (0.78 ppm) in Baghdad, from the results which show that this governorate were contaminated with depleted uranium after the Wars against Iraq . The uranium concentration in the water samples of Tigers river were in AL-Qurna (8.85 ?g/l) and in AL-Suwera (4.72 ?g/l).
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Fadil T, Nada Fadil, Najeba Abdulah H, and Sabiha A. Bedin. "Measurement of Uranium Concentration in Soil of Middle of Iraq using CR ?V 39 Track Detector." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2011): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2011.8.2.451-455.

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The aim of this research is to determine the uranium concentration in soil and water samples taken from different locations from the middle and south of Iraq using fission fragments track registration. Twelve samples of soil and water were taken from middle and South of Iraq. The nuclear reaction used as a source of nuclear fission fragments is U-235 (n.f) obtained by bombardment U-235with thermal neutrons from (Am-Be) neutron source with flux (5X103 n.cm-2.s-1). The concentration values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples recommended by IAEA.The results of the measurements show that the uranium concentration in soil samples were in Thekar (16.38 ppm), AL-Basra (16.1ppm) and (0.78 ppm) in Baghdad, from the results which show that this governorate were contaminated with depleted uranium after the Wars against Iraq . The uranium concentration in the water samples of Tigers river were in AL-Qurna (8.85 ?g/l) and in AL-Suwera (4.72 ?g/l).
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Elfenbein, Caleb. "Establishing Religion in Iraq: Islam and the Modern State." Comparative Islamic Studies 3, no. 1 (October 19, 2008): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cis.v3i1.57.

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The institutional development of the “new Iraq” provides an object lesson in the necessity of drawing from disparate academic disciplines in the study of modern forms of Islam. Understanding historical formations of Islam and governing institutions is an integral part of ascertaining what place Islam may hold in post-occupation Iraq. At the same time, to present as complete a picture as possible it is equally important to draw from areas of study that provide insight into the institutions and practices of the modern state, the place of religion therein, and the practices and techniques of modern forms of colonialism. Bringing these different resources to bear on the analysis of Iraq?s constitution sheds tremendous light on the relationship between Islam and state imagined by the authors of the document, the chief threats to this vision (as the authors envision them), and the measures they have taken to forestall the potential transformation of the form and place of Islam active in governing institutions.
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Books on the topic "U.s. occupation of Iraq"

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Lauth, Shane, Erin Schenck, and Kate Phillips. U. S. Military Operations in Iraq: Planning, Combat, and Occupation. Lulu Press, Inc., 2014.

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Preble, Chris. Exiting Iraq: Why the U. S. Must End the Military Occupation and Renew the War Against Al Qaeda. Cato Institute, 2010.

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Department of Defense. Why the Weak Win Wars: A Study of the Factors That Drive Strategy in Asymmetric Conflict - Analysis of U. S. Involvement in Afghanistan, Iraq War, Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan, and Vietnam War. Independently Published, 2017.

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Committee on Armed Services (senate), United States Senate, and United States United States Congress. U. S. Policy Toward Iraq. Independently Published, 2019.

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Among the People : U. S. Marines in Iraq: U. S. Marines in Iraq. United States Government Printing Office, 2008.

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Rebaine, Lounes Jr. U. S. Democracy Promotion in Iraq. Independently Published, 2019.

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Committee on Foreign Relations (senate), United States Senate, and United States United States Congress. Accelerating U. S. Assistance to Iraq. Independently Published, 2019.

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Committee on Foreign Relations (senate), United States Senate, and United States United States Congress. Iraq in U. S. Foreign Policy. Independently Published, 2019.

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Committee on International Rela (house), United States House of Representatives, and United States United States Congress. Iraq: Update on U. S. Policy. Independently Published, 2019.

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Committee on International Relations (HOUSE). U. S. Nonproliferation Policy after Iraq. Independently Published, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "U.s. occupation of Iraq"

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Sepp, Kalev. "The U. S. Army and counterinsurgency in Iraq." In Strategy and History, 206–26. Routledge, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203088951.ch11.

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cirincione, Joseph. "THE IRAQ WAR AND THE FAILURE OF U. S. COUNTERPROLIFERATION STRATEGY." In Balance Sheet, 39–67. Stanford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqsf2cs.7.

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Banwell, Stacy. "Empire-building and Coerced Sexual Activities in Post-invasion/occupation Iraq." In Gender and the Violence(s) of War and Armed Conflict: More Dangerous to Be a Woman?, 65–83. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-115-520201005.

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Malovany, Pesach, Amatzia Baram, Kevin M. Woods, and Ronna Englesberg. "From the End of the War against Iran until the Conquest of Kuwait (1988–1990)." In Wars of Modern Babylon. University Press of Kentucky, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813169439.003.0028.

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This chapter deals with the Iraqi Army in the period from the end of the war against Iran until the conquest of Kuwait (1988-1990). It describes the Iraqi Armed Forces after the war against Iran, their sense of power, their new fighting capabilities and operational experience and the changes the Armed Forces went through, This period was characterized by tension between Iraq and Israel and the Western countries led by the U. S. stemming from Saddam’s efforts to develop unconventional weapons. Simultaneously, the regime’s traditional desire to liberate Palestine and destroy the “Zionist entity” was revitalized. In parallel, Iraq’s economic difficulties brought to a crisis with Kuwait, who became an attractive target for the Iraqis in order to solve their problems and improve their situation.
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Leuchtenburg, William E. "The Case of the Wenatchee Chambermaid." In The Supreme Court Reborn, 163–79. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195086133.003.0006.

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Abstract When on a spring day in 1935 Elsie Parrish walked into the office of an obscure lawyer in Wenatchee, Washington, to ask him to sue the town’s leading hotel for back pay, she little realized that she was linking her fate to that of exploited women in a Brooklyn laundry a continent away. Still less did she think that she was setting off a series of events that would deeply affect President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s plans for his second term. Least of all did she perceive that she was triggering a constitutional revolution that, even today, remains the most significant chapter in the two centuries of existence of the U. S. Supreme Court. All Elsie knew was that she had been bilked. Late in the summer of 1933, Elsie Lee, a woman of about forty who would soon be Elsie Parrish, had taken a job as a chambermaid at the Cascadian Hotel in Wenatchee, entrepot for a beautiful recreation area reaching from the Columbia valley in Oregon to the Cascades and the country’s foremost apple market. “Apples made Wenatchee and apples maintain it,” noted the WPA Guide to Washington. “It is surrounded by a sea of orchards, covered in spring with a pink foam of blossoms, mile upon mile, filling the valleys and covering the slopes, the air of the town is sweet with the fragrance.” Here, in the land of Winesaps and Jonathans, where “in summer and fall the spicy odor of apples is everywhere, “ Parrish worked irregularly over the next year and a half cleaning toilets and sweeping rugs for an hourly wage of twenty-two cents, later raised to a quarter. When she was discharged in May 1935, she asked for back pay of $216.19, the difference between what she had received and what she would have gotten had she been paid each week the $14.50 minimum mandated for her occupation under state law. The Cascadian, which was owned by the West Coast Hotel Company, offered to settle for $17, but she would not hear of it. Instead, she and her husband Ernest brought suit for what she insisted was due her.
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Conference papers on the topic "U.s. occupation of Iraq"

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Kareem, Hero, and Sultana Begum. "Satisfaction levels of people towards health care system in MENA region Variances based on Gender, Age, Education, Income and Occupation." In 3rd Scientific Conference on Women’s Health. Hawler Medical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/crewh.2022.01.

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Background and objective: A health care system is an amalgamation of all organizations, people and actions whose primary objective is to promote, restore or maintain health of people of a country. It includes the infrastructure, occupational health and safely legislations, Women education promotions and all that determines the health of the people of the nation. This study aimed to explore the satisfaction levels of the health care system as well as the satisfaction of quality of health care and people perspective. It also contributes for the new area of research and implications promote and help in policy decisions of the regions. Methods: The seventh wave of World Values Survey conducted worldwide during 2017 to 2021 has more than two hundred and ninety values- parameters on which the opinion of the people is collected. The survey also collects the satisfaction levels of the respondents on various issues and one of them is the health care system. In this research paper the researchers used the survey data to explore and analyze the satisfaction levels of the respondents (N= 4,803) in MENA Region especially the four countries Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Egypt. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. Mann- Whitney U Test and Kruskal Wallis Test are the tools used to compute the variance. Results: The results with regard to satisfaction level on the health care system shows that 37.4 % of respondents of Egypt are completely dissatisfied on the health care system of their country followed by Lebanon (36.8%), Iraq (34.5%) and Jordan only (6.6%). Based on state of health of the respondents, highest number of respondents of Jordan opined that their state of health is Very Good or Good followed by Lebanon, Egypt and Iraq. Regarding satisfaction with the quality of health care system, highest number of respondents from Iraq (39.5%) is very dissatisfied with the quality of health care services in their country followed by Egypt, Lebanon and Jordan. Conclusion: The findings depict that most of the respondents are completely dissatisfied or rather dissatisfied with the health care system in the MENA Region. This is an alarming signal and need to be researched further. There were significant variances among the respondents based on the gender, age, education, income, employment, occupation and country of origin. But the variances differed from country to another.
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Jinbo, Liu. "THE PERCEPTION AND THE ORIGINS OF THE U. S. SOUTH CHINA SEA POLICY DURING THE EVENTS HAPPENED IN THE REGION BEFORE THE COLDWAR." In SSHRA 2024 – Social Science & Humanities Research Association International Conference, 07-08 May, Kuala Lumpur. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.292293.

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The South China Sea policy of the United States after World War II was formed by the United States’ perception of the three events in the South China Sea before the Cold War. After events such as France’s occupation of the nine small islands in the South China Sea, Japan’s occupation of the South China Sea, and the struggle against Japan during the Pacific War, the United States has continuously deepened its understanding of the South China Sea and increasingly valued its important value. With Japan's gradual retreat in the later stages of World War II, the United States gradually gained control of the South China Sea and took a dominant position in the South China Sea dispute. With the continuous deepening of the United States' understanding of the South China Sea and the changes in its identity, status, and interests in the South China Sea region, the U.S. South China Sea policy has gradually taken shape.
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Jinbo, Liu. "THE PERCEPTION AND THE ORIGINS OF THE U. S. SOUTH CHINA SEA POLICY DURING THE EVENTS HAPPENED IN THE REGION BEFORE THE COLDWAR." In SSHRA 2024 – Social Science & Humanities Research Association International Conference, 07-08 May, Kuala Lumpur. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icstr.2024.292293.

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The South China Sea policy of the United States after World War II was formed by the United States’ perception of the three events in the South China Sea before the Cold War. After events such as France’s occupation of the nine small islands in the South China Sea, Japan’s occupation of the South China Sea, and the struggle against Japan during the Pacific War, the United States has continuously deepened its understanding of the South China Sea and increasingly valued its important value. With Japan's gradual retreat in the later stages of World War II, the United States gradually gained control of the South China Sea and took a dominant position in the South China Sea dispute. With the continuous deepening of the United States' understanding of the South China Sea and the changes in its identity, status, and interests in the South China Sea region, the U.S. South China Sea policy has gradually taken shape.
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Chkhikvadze, Tinatin, and Ermofili Dranidou. "ETHNIC IDENTITY OF GREEKS LIVING IN THEIR HOMELAND AND IN RUSSIA." In NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/27.

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Ethnic identity as a sense of belonging based on our ancestry, cultural heritage, values, and traditions helps us to find our place in our homeland. But what if a person migrates to another country for purpose of getting a job or education? Do people living in their homeland and those who study or work abroad have differences in their ethnic identity? These questions became the basis of our investigation. The study`s purpose was to investigate the ethnic identity of Greeks in their homeland and Russia in order to find out how ethnic identity is determined by such factors as country (homeland or foreign country), occupation (work or study) and sex (male or female). We used the following questionnaires: The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) by Jean S. Phinney, The Positive and Uncertain Ethnic Identity Measure by A.N. Tatarko and N.M. Lebedeva, The Twenty Statements Test by Manfred Kuhn & Thomas McPartland adapted by T.V. Rumyantseva. We conducted Mann-Whitney U-test and multivariate analysis of variance. Results indicate the following. There are differences between Greeks living in their homeland and in Russia. Namely, those living in Russia surpass in affective component of ethnic identity, positive and uncertain ethnic identity. They have more answers reflecting their Greek nationality. Greeks living in Greece have a higher level of ethnic identity search. These differences were corroborated among both men and women. Among students, we found out the same differences except for positive ethnic identity. The Greeks working in Greece showed higher uncertain ethnic identity than those working in Russia. There are differences in ethnic identity between Greeks who work or study. Those who work have higher results in ethnic identity and ethnic identity search among all groups. Working women also have higher results in positive and uncertain ethnic identity. Greeks working in Greece also surpass Greeks studying in the homeland in a number of answers reflecting their religion and in uncertain ethnic identity and concede in positive ethnic identity. Among those living in Russia, students have higher results in uncertain ethnic identity and lower in positive ethnic identity. As for the differences among men and women, Greek women have a more positive ethnic identity and men – uncertain ethnic identity. The same results we got among those who live in the homeland. But there were found no differences between Greek men and women living in Russia. Working men have higher results in ethnic identity search and lower positive ethnic identity in comparison to working women. Male students have higher results in uncertain ethnic identity and affective components of ethnic identity. As for the multivariate analysis of variance, it showed us the following. The factor sex determines ethnic identity, ethnic identity search, positive and uncertain ethnic identity. The factor country (homeland or Russia) determines affective component and ethnic identity search, positive and uncertain ethnic identity. The factor employment (work or study) determines ethnic identity search and positive ethnic identity.
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