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Journal articles on the topic 'U.s. invasion of Iraq'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Vylegzhanin, Alexander N., and Anastasia M. Korzhenyak. "The mechanism of international legal legitimation of the 2003 U. S. armed invasion of Iraq: Lessons for the future. Part one." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 16, no. 1 (2025): 111–26. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2025.108.

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In the context of the 2022–2023 UN General Assembly (UNGA) resolutions on the alleged “aggression of Russia against the Ukraine”, in which Russia’s special military operation (SMO) in the Ukraine was assessed by more than 140 states on the basis of the U. S. arguments (while ignoring the international legal position of Russia), it is necessary to examine the U. S. experience in legal justification for its numerous armed incursions into foreign countries. The mechanism of ingenious legal maintenance by Washington of the use of force abroad is shown on the example of the U. S. attack on Iraq in

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O'reilly, Marc J. "Aviel Roshwald, Ethnic Nationalism & the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia & the Middle East, 1914–1923. New York: Routledge, 2001, xii, 273 pp." Nationalities Papers 31, no. 2 (2003): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990307128.

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In early 2003, President George W. Bush touted the prospects for democratization in Iraq, as well as in adjacent countries of the Middle East, following a U. S.-led invasion. He neglected to explain, however, how a country home to Kurds, Arab Sunnis, and Arab Shi'a—groups that historically have not co-existed harmoniously—would adjust to new and imposed political arrangements. Both the Shi'a, who constitute a majority, and the Kurds seek to escape Sunni oppression, omnipresent since the creation of Iraq in the 1920s. Although democracy may end Sunni privilege, Washington's commitment to the te

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Ali, Raghad J., Firyal H. Al-Obaidi, Nariman F. Ahmed, and Hussein Hummdy. "Evaluation of Human Urinary N-acetyl beta – D- glucosaminidase index in children with urinary tract anomalies." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 57, no. 2 (2015): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.572351.

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Background: The kidneys perform glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion and the study of urinary excretion of some enzymes considered as a sensitive test for the detection of early stages of renal disease, particularly N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) which is a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme present in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. Increased urinary NAG due to tubular damage could be used as a marker by a simple non invasive test for prediction of urinary tract problems like pelviureteric junction(PUJ) obstruction ,vesicouretric reflux(VUR)

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Bashir, Bisma, Dr Zameer Ahmed, Sundas Jabeen Mirza, and Aysal Elham. "Media Biasness in Conflict Reporting: A Comparative Study of CNN and Al Jazeera Coverage of Humanitarian Crisis in Gaza." Inverge Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2025): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v4i2.126.

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This study investigates how CNN and Al Jazeera reported on the humanitarian crisis in Gaza as the conflict reached its peak in 2023. In a content analysis of 30 news stories from each network, we compared the framing of the crisis, examining language, sources, and visual elements. CNN predominantly emphasized government statements, diplomatic actions, and the international response, often maintaining a neutral tone that aligned with Western perspectives. In contrast, Al Jazeera prioritized first-hand accounts from Gaza, highlighting the suffering of civilians particularly women and children th

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5

Enas AL.Yasiry. "Post 2003’s War: US' Failure in Political and Economic Restructure of Iraq." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 10, no. 5 (2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2020.10.5.1.

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The key purpose of this article is to understand the proclaimed purpose of the US invasion of Iraq and subsequently analyze Americans promises to build new infrastructure and develop a new economy of the country. By discussing the steps taken by the US government after the invasion of Iraq towards restructuring and reconstruction of the country, the author defined reasons for the American failure in restructuring of the state. The qualitative methods of research was employed to analyze the failure of the United States in the political and economic restructuring of Iraq. The data was collected

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6

Stefanović, Danijela. "IDENTITET U FOKUSU PROKLAMOVANIH IDEOLOGIJA." Limes-plus 18 (April 18, 2021): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.69899/limes-plus21181011s.

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The politics of Ba’ath Party and Saddam Hussein both strongly insisted on the Mesopotamian cultural heritage while trying to create the new identity of modern Iraq. Consequently, archaeology and history became of supreme importance, and the budget for the Iraqi Department of Antiquities increased by more than 80%. The excavations (and heavy reconstructions!) were launched at numerous archaeological sites (such as Nineveh, Hatra, Nimrud and Ashur), but Saddam’s main focus was on Babylon. In the same time, the new museums were established all around the country. In 1981, Babylon was the stage fo

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7

Mohammed, Ghaith, and Ghada Abdulrahman. "Comparative ELISA Detection of SARS-COV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies in Patients` Serum, Saliva, and Nasal Fluid in Iraq." Israa University Journal for Applied Science 6, no. 2 (2023): 15–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52865/nwgt5493.

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Precise management of COVID-19 infection and global pandemic requires a precise assay of SARS-COV-2 antibodies. Spike protein and RBD specific serum monoclonal antibodies has been known to be elicited with the currently approved mRNA vaccine for COVID-19. Since combating SARS-CoV-2 infection begins as early at the viral entry port, mediated by mucosal immunity; whether the currently approved vaccines have the capacity to elicit mucosal immunity is still to be studied. Method; We conducted our research to detect SARS-Cov-2 IgA-RBD and IgG-NCP, in a set of a randomized three patients’ groups (to

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8

Afrimadona, Afrimadona. "Power and Legitimacy in International Politics: Britain and Germany’s Responses to the U.S.’s Wars Against Iraq in 1991 and 2003." Global South Review 1, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.28816.

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The paper evaluates the constructivist claim that legitimacy embedded in a country’s foreign policy shapes the responses of other countries’ foreign policy. I test the claim using four cases of Britain’s and Germany’s responses to US’s invasion in Iraq in 1991 and 2003. The choice of US’s invasion in Iraq in 1991 and 2003 was made on the ground that the latter was regarded as utterly illegitimate due to a lack of UN’s authorization. Thus, both cases reveal a variation in the extent of legitimacy (positive versus negative cases). My observation of Britain’s and Germany’s foreign policy response

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9

Wijnberg, Monique J., Paul H. A. Quax, Nancy M. E. Nieuwenbroek та Jan H. Verheijen. "The Migration of Human Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro Is Mediated by Plasminogen Activation and Can Be Inhibited by α2-Macroglobulin Receptor Associated Protein". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 78, № 02 (1997): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1657646.

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SummaryThe plasminogen activation system is thought to be important in cell migration processes. A role for this system during smooth muscle cell migration after vascular injury has been suggested from several animal studies. However, not much is known about its involvement in human vascular remodelling. We studied the involvement of the plasminogen activation system in human smooth muscle cell migration in more detail using an in vitro wound assay and a matrix invasion assay. Inhibition of plasmin activity or inhibition of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) activity resulted in appro

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10

Bobkin, Nikolay. "The Iranian-American competition in Iraq: the political defeat of the United States." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 2 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760015847-8.

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The article gives an assessment of Iran&apos;s policy in neighboring Iraq during the years of the American occupation. The author&apos;s scientific hypothesis is that after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, Iran, and not America, became the real beneficiary of the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. The Iranian leadership, interested in changing the Baathist regime in Baghdad, having received such a strategic gift, did everything to use the US military presence to its advantage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategy of expanding Iran&apos;s influence in Iraq and its impact o

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11

Immerfall, Stefan. "Perennial Anti-Americanism in Germany? Critical comments on Ruth Hatlapa’s and Andrei S. Markovits’ “Obamamania and Anti-Americanism as Complementary Concepts”." German Politics and Society 29, no. 4 (2011): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2011.290405.

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The transatlantic fallout preceding and immediately following the openingof the Second Iraq War in 2003 was accompanied by an unusuallywidespread public contempt for U.S. President George W. Bush. No doubt,vast majorities in Germany (and in many other European countries)rejected the Iraq invasion. But how should we interpret their motives?Was criticism levelled against a specific policy or was it based on negativestereotyping of America? Three kinds of arguments have been broughtforward as to why the latter should be the case.

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Sonmez, A. Sait, and Samed Kurban. "Turkey’s Northern Iraq Policy Within the Dilemma of National Security Problems and Economic Cooperation (2003-2015)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 2 (2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n2p13.

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The general characteristic of the foreign policy adopted by Turkey for North Iraq has been shaped based on the national integrity of Iraq since the Gulf War4. However developments in this country caused an increase in seperation demands from North Iraq Kurds. On the other hand this region had become an important base for Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) since 1980’s. Turkey’s security dilemma and priorities over Iraq were formulated as “red lines” and decleraded before invasion of Iraq. But North Iraq based security issues increased after the occupation of Iraq by the United States of America (USA)

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جليل, محمد, та شامل كويش سلطان. "الموقف الفلسطيني من الاجتياح العراقي للكويت ( 2 آب 1990 – 17 كانون الثاني 1991 )". Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, № 27 (2018): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss27.59.

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Situations comes through wars and crisis, some of them consider as rationality , and others as irritability and hastiness , second Gulf crisis took great importance because it has brought various situations through both sides of Iraq and Kuwait , when Iraq occupy Kuwait in the second of August 1990 and as a result of this comes the breakdown of relationships of both sides level . Arab and international , which caused great effects in the future of many Arab and regional cases . This occupation revealed some facts in Arab and the international , appeared in on agreement between Arab count

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Measurement of Uranium Concentration in Soil of Middle of Iraq using CR ?V 39 Track Detector." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 2 (2011): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.2.451-455.

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The aim of this research is to determine the uranium concentration in soil and water samples taken from different locations from the middle and south of Iraq using fission fragments track registration. Twelve samples of soil and water were taken from middle and South of Iraq. The nuclear reaction used as a source of nuclear fission fragments is U-235 (n.f) obtained by bombardment U-235with thermal neutrons from (Am-Be) neutron source with flux (5X103 n.cm-2.s-1). The concentration values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples recommended by IAEA.The results of the measurements s

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15

Fadil T, Nada Fadil, Najeba Abdulah H, and Sabiha A. Bedin. "Measurement of Uranium Concentration in Soil of Middle of Iraq using CR ?V 39 Track Detector." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 2 (2011): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2011.8.2.451-455.

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The aim of this research is to determine the uranium concentration in soil and water samples taken from different locations from the middle and south of Iraq using fission fragments track registration. Twelve samples of soil and water were taken from middle and South of Iraq. The nuclear reaction used as a source of nuclear fission fragments is U-235 (n.f) obtained by bombardment U-235with thermal neutrons from (Am-Be) neutron source with flux (5X103 n.cm-2.s-1). The concentration values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples recommended by IAEA.The results of the measurements s

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16

Koshelnick, Yuri, Monika Ehart, Hannes Stockinger, and Bernd Binder. "Mechanisms of Signaling through Urokinase Receptor and the Cellular Response." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 82, no. 08 (1999): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615847.

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IntroductionThe urokinase-urokinase receptor (u-PA-u-PAR) system seems to play a crucial role in a number of biological processes, including local fibrinolysis, tumor invasion, angiogenesis, neointima and atherosclerotic plaque formation, inflammation, and matrix remodeling during wound healing and development.1-6 Binding of urokinase to its specific receptor provides cells with a localized proteolytic potential. It stimulates conversion of cell surface-bound plasminogen into active plasmin, which, in turn, is required for proteolytic degradation of basement membrane components, including fibr

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17

Raffo, M. Paula, M. Cecilia Eyras, and Oscar O. Iribarne. "The invasion of Undaria pinnatifida to a Macrocystis pyrifera kelp in Patagonia (Argentina, south-west Atlantic)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 8 (2009): 1571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540900071x.

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Biological invasions can alter the biodiversity of native communities generating an ecological impact that in many cases is irreversible. In 2001, Undaria pinnatifida invaded Macrocystis pyrifera kelp in Cracker Bay (42°56′S, 64°27′W; Northern Patagonia, Argentina). The possible impact of that invasion was evaluated in March 2004 with a study of population and morphological parameters of both kelp species and their associated holdfast biodiversity. Three nearby areas of spatial distribution of the kelps were differentiated, one dominated by M. pyrifera (M), an intermediate area characterized b

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18

Jani, Bushra Juhi. "Survival and Storytelling: Scheherazade and Lutfiya al-Dulaimi’s Saturn Ladies." English Language and Literature Studies 13, no. 2 (2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v13n2p16.

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This essay analyzes Lutfiya al-Dulaimi&rsquo;s novel, Saturn Ladies, which explores the trauma, suffering, and difficulties faced by women in war and exile, particularly in Iraq during and after the US-led invasion. The author draws comparisons between the character of Hayat in the novel and Scheherazade from The Thousand and One Nights, highlighting the use of storytelling as a means of survival and resistance in the face of violence and oppression. Overall, the essay argues that Saturn Ladies revives the legacy of Scheherazade to communicate contemporary events and to keep the country&am

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19

Hayder, S. Alkhafaji. "The Impact of George W. Bush's Political Discourses on the Invasion of Iraq: A Corpus-Based Rhetoric Discourse Analysis." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 05, no. 04 (2022): 1209–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6410927.

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Through political speeches, the use of language plays an important role in shaping the political goals and activities of politicians. Political speeches have gained a lot of attention in recent years as a result of media coverage, and they have sparked a lot of curiosity. Manipulative language usage allows the speaker to exert influence over others without their will, with the control focusing on the recipients' verbal contributions to the conversation and cognitive processes of reception and interpretation. The current research looked at power dynamics in President Bush's speeches, co

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20

Alshbib, Duraid K. "The Contemporary Concept of Odious Debts: Iraq’s Debts as a Model." International Journal of Economics and Finance 15, no. 10 (2023): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n10p44.

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Iraqi loans stood out because of their unique characteristics. The international blockade in 1991, the occupation in 2003, and the actions of puppet administrations were among the many events that contributed to this debt, with the first two being the most significant. and corruption with many faces. Due to these policies, Iraq is currently undergoing debt restructuring under the supervision and guidelines of the IMF. The goal of the research was to examine the causes of the increase in Iraqi debt following the invasion in 2003. The study discovered that even in the case of a revenue surplus,

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Al-Jameel, Hamid Athab. "CONTRIBUTION TO THE U-TURN DESIGN AT MEDIAN OPENINGS IN IRAQ: Al-NAJAF CITY AS A CASE STUDY." Kufa Journal of Engineering 6, no. 1 (2021): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/611311.

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Field observations indicate that left turning vehicles at U-turn sections lead to a significantly bottleneck (congestion) at both origin and destination (opposing) roads. The bottlenecks have been observed in several U-turns such as Kufa –Najaf U-turn sections, Najaf –Karbala U-turn sections. It was found that left turn flow from U-turn leads to high congestion on both origin and destination roads. Therefore, field improvements have been done by the traffic policemen who create a temporary barrier from traffic plastic signs in order to protect left turning vehicles from through traffic in oppo

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Mousa, Ahmed. "Retrospective Comparison of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Diagnostic Tools in Pregnant Women with Abnormal Placentation." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 5 (2022): 1232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221651232.

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Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide, and Placenta Accreta (PA) is a major contributor. Although advancements in obstetric practices have led to a decline in maternal mortality, PA remains challenging to diagnose and manage. Current diagnostic tools include ultrasound (U/S) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); however, the sensitivity and specificity of these techniques in diagnosing Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) are widely debated. Objective: To compare the accuracy of U/S and MRI in the diagnosis of PAS. Methods: A retrospective analysis of pregnant women

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23

Duque, Tayna Sousa, Iasmim Marcella Souza, Débora Sampaio Mendes, et al. "Ecological Niche Modeling of Invasive Macrophyte (Urochloa subquadripara) and Co-Occurrence with South American Natives." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (2023): 12722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151712722.

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Invasive macrophytes are considered problematic in natural environments and hydroelectric reservoirs. Climate changes, the occurrences of watercourses, and biotic interactions influence biological invasions of macrophytes. The abundance of native species can be positively or negatively correlated with the occurrences of invasives. Urochloa subquadripara is an invasive in natural or disturbed habitats co-occurring with the natives Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia minima in South America. Aquatic plant communities can be altered by climate change, so species distribution models (SDMs) are impor

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Allgayer, H. "Regulation and Clinical Significance of Urokinase-Receptor (u-PAR), an Invasion-Related Molecule." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 44, no. 6 (2006): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-926584.

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Naser, Murtada, Amaal Yasser, Juergen Geist, Karel Douda, and Franz Essl. "Probable Extirpation of Anodonta vescoiana in Iraq: A Case Study of Unionid Displacement by Sinanodonta woodiana." Diversity 17, no. 6 (2025): 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17060415.

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Conservation of ecologically important freshwater mussels is high on the international agenda, but there is only limited knowledge about the status of rare unionid species in arid and semi-arid areas which are particularly vulnerable. One such example concerns Anodonta vescoiana which was recognized as one of the few endemic species of unionid mussels from Iraq and was restricted to the marshes of southern Mesopotamia and its connected river systems. The last confirmed report of A. vescoiana was in 2009 from the Al-Ezz River. We conducted extensive field surveys during the years 2021 and 2022

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Xu, X., L. Chen, W. Hwang, et al. "The prognostic significance of lymphatic invasion in primary melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 9050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.9050.

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9050 Background: Lymphatic invasion (LI) is an under-observed phenomenon in primary malignancies that can be better detected by immunostaining and that may associate with prognosis. In this study we sought to test the hypothesis that LI was associated with melanoma-specific survival (MSS) and was an independent prognostic factor. Methods: This study included 277 patients with stage I/II melanomas in vertical growth phase (VGP) who had at least 10 years of follow up. The log-rank test was used to test the study hypothesis - 72 melanoma-specific deaths were needed for 80% power to detect an odds

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Faleye, T. O., and A. O. Afolaranmi. "A Critical Overview of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)’s Origin, Goals, and Its Fall through the US and Allied Forces." African Journal of Law, Political Research and Administration 7, no. 1 (2024): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajlpra-d31apetk.

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The origins of ISIS were traced to the Arab Spring that created instability in the Middle East. This instability was exacerbated by the American-led coalition's invasion of Iraq in 2003, prompted by the 9/11 attacks. The paper aims to have an overview of the origin and goals of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and the strategies employed by the U.S. and Allied Forces to make ISIS fall. A systematic literature review approach was adopted to review the selected literature. ISIS was formed out of various militant groups in the country whose goal is to establish an Islamic caliphate gove

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Hess, C. B., D. W. Niesel, Y. J. Cho, and G. R. Klimpel. "Bacterial invasion of fibroblasts induces interferon production." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 11 (1987): 3949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.11.3949.

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Abstract Although bacteria and/or bacterial products have been shown to induce interferon (IFN) production in cells of the immune system, the ability of non-lymphoid cells to produce IFN in response to bacterial products and/or bacterial invasion is currently unknown. In this study we examined murine and human fibroblasts for their ability to produce IFN in response to challenge with the invasive bacteria Shigella flexneri and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Both human and murine primary cell cultures produced high levels (500 to 1000 U/ml) of IFN-beta within 12 hr after Shigella invasion. Th

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Pokudov, Zakhar Vasil'evich, and Viktor Evgen'evich Tumanin. "The concept of “American exceptionalism” in U. S. foreign policy on the example of the doctrine of George W. Bush." Международные отношения, no. 2 (February 2020): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2020.2.32857.

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The subject and key goal of this research consist in analysis of the impact of &ldquo;American exceptionalism&rdquo; concept upon U. S. foreign policy at the initial state of George W. Bush presidency. It is demonstrated how the phenomenon of &ldquo;American exceptionalism&rdquo;, being an intrinsic part of messianic idea of the United States, found its reelection in the foreign policy course of George W. Bush, particularly in the doctrine that virtually outlined the contours for the &ldquo;global war against terrorism&rdquo; and subsequent military operation in Iraq in

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Chumak, P., R. Palagecha, and V. Kovalchuk. "Variability of the cleistothecia and distribution of Erysiphe magnifica (U. Braun) U. Braun & S. Takam. on Magnolia L. plants in O.V. Fomin Botanical garden." Modern Phytomorphology 2 (April 1, 2012): 95–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.162450.

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The variability of morphometrie characteristics of the cleistothecia of fungus Erysiphe magnifica on different species from the genus Magnolia L. has been considered. It has been shown that on the different nutrient plants are forming the micropopulations of fungus which are notable for the cleistothecia parameters frequency of distribution and variability of their indices. The invasion activity of fungus increases in сonditions of the Botanical garden, it dеmages 8 species of plants of the genus Magnolia.

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LOCKMAN, ZACHARY. "Did the Events of 9/11 Change the Field of Middle East Studies? Pensée 1: Of Course—But How?" International Journal of Middle East Studies 39, no. 3 (2007): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807070481.

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The short answer to the question as posed is, Yes, of course, 9/11 changed the field of Middle East studies. However, the next question we need to ask is, In what ways have the events of 9/11 (and all that they set in motion, in the United States and internationally, including the U.S. invasion of Iraq) actually affected our work as scholars, students, teachers, resource specialists, and so forth, whose primary focus is the Middle East and/or the Muslim world, as well as the institutions, networks, and field(s) with which we are engaged? Space limitations allow me to offer only a few brief tho

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Oun, Ameer Ghani Abd, and Mohammed Hamza Abass. "New Report of Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) Simmons and Ulocladium alternariae (Cooke) Simmons as seed-borne fungi of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Iraq." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262, no. 3 (2023): 032030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1262/3/032030.

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Abstract The objective of the present study is to determine fungal species Stemphylium vesicarium and Ulocladium alternariae associated with seeds of five wheat cultivars called Wefia (WAF), Eba 99 (EBA), Adena (ADN), Bohooth (BTH) and Mahmoudia (MHD). Those fungi were identified by using morphological and microscopic features as well as molecular sequencing. Molecular identification was carried out relying on internal transcribed spacer primers (ITS1 and ITS4). This is a new report recording S. vesicarium and U. alternariae as seed-borne fungi of wheat seeds in Iraq.

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GURA, Viktoriya, and Oleksandr Yuriev. "THE SECURITY POTENTIAL OF THE EUROPEAN REGION: THE FACTOR OF UKRAINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Public Administration 18, no. 2 (2023): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-9193.2023/18-3/14.

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B a c k g r o u n d . In connection with the aggressive invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine, the issue of security has become acute in the European region. The article's purpose was to research and analyze the need to transform the security potential of the European region in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. Among the essential tasks, the authors set the need to characterize the current state of scientific development of the problem of increasing the security potential of the region, analyze the European experience in forming and implementing the security potential of the r

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Neama, Ali Fahem, and Hassnen Hazem Aziz. "E-commerce in Iraq." Journal of Education College Wasit University 2, no. 25 (2021): 1271–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol2.iss25.2738.

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In the rising global financial system, e-trade has increasingly come to be a vital aspect of commercial enterprise method and a sturdy impulse for financial development. One of the most enormous tendencies in commercial enterprise in latest years has been the increasing use of e-trade. It has revolutionized many marketplaces and started opportunities by no means imagined before. Organizations that are not investigating the usage of e-commerce are in a amazing hazard of locating themselves being overtaken by way of others who're making use of this technology. Iraq is characterized as one of the

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Shixian, LIU. "Transnational Trauma and Politics in Phil Klay’s Post-9/11 War Novel Redeployment." Asia-Pacific Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2023): 029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53789/j.1653-0465.2023.0302.005.

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Phil Klay’s short story collection Redeployment is considered a quintessential literary text for the U. S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and won the 2014 National Book Award for fiction. This study argues that it gestures beyond the narrow American war frame to show both the physical and cultural trauma of nonwhite Other in wars during the post- 9/11 era; meanwhile, Klay subverts and deconstructs the myth of trauma hero, truly representing soldiers’ anxiety and trauma about their relationships with enemies, wars, and national power. In Klay’s view, the disillusionment of the American myth of “c

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Manzoor, Ahmad, Naseem Sufia, Chitranjani Chittipantula, et al. "The Investigation of NMP22 and Cytokeratin 20 Tumor Markers in Patients with Bladder Cancer." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 6 (2024): 667–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12518557.

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<strong>Introduction and Aim</strong>: By 2040, the number of bladder tumor cases is predicted to increase to 79.6% in India.For both sexes, the lifetime risks of bladder tumors 1.1 and 0.27%, respectively. Recently, academics havebecome increasingly interested in marker-based detection. In bladder tumors, nuclear matrix protein (NMP) 22and cytokeratin 20 are useful indicators that should be found and examined.<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>50 male individuals (cancer patients diagnosed by TURBT and bladder biopsy) wererecruited from the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospit

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Muhana, K. Habeeb, A. Al-Shaheen Maitham, F. Abbas Adil, et al. "The fragile ecology in Iraq's Mesopotamian marshlands endangered and restructured by a sharp increase in salinity." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 1 (2023): 007–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8271864.

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In southern Iraq, the Mesopotamian marshes have suffered for decades from a decrease in freshwater input from both rivers Tigris and Euphrates. The Shatt Al-Arab River and East Hammar marsh in southern Iraq were affected by a salt wedge that advanced from the Arabian Gulf during July and August 2018, causing a rapid and sharp increase in salinity levels. A monthly monitoring program has revealed an invasion of saltwater species from the Gulf accompanied by the disappearance of native species of freshwater. Seven submerged aquatic plant species disappeared. Thus, the number of freshwater phytop

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Rybakov, Ye, Mikhail Tarasov, S. Chernyshov, et al. "IS A STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGEN (CA 19-9) EFFECTIVE IN PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER?" Problems in oncology 66, no. 5 (2020): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2020-66-5-528-534.

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Objective. Саrbohydrаte antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is the frequently used tumor marker in the clinical setting of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was designed to investigate the correlation between preoperative serum levels of CA 19-9 (pre-CA 19-9) and the clinicopathologic factors of patients with CRC. Patients and methods. A study was performed on 482 patients with histologically diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma between January 2016 and December 2017, based on retrospective collected data. The clinical data such as age, sex, size of tumor, differentiation (G), depth of tumor (T), lymph no

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Hall, L. A., J. P. Harron, and J. R. Conley. "INCIDENCE OF THE HONEY BEE PARASITE ACARAPIS WOODI (RENNIE) (ACARI: TARSONEMIDAE) IN GEORGIA AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ERADICATION PROGRAM." Journal of Entomological Science 22, no. 1 (1987): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-22.1.35.

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The detection of the honey bee trachael mite in the U. S. in 1984 caused the Georgia Department of Agriculture to adopt a regulatory program to deal with the possible invasion of the mite into Georgia. A mite infestation in Georgia first was discovered in April 1985 during a routine bee inspection by the Georgia Department of Agriculture. Quarantine and destruction of the infested apiary and a quarantine of all yards within a 2-mile radius was imposed.

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Golden, Michael, P. N. Raghunath, John Tomaszewski, et al. "Native Atherosclerosis and Vein Graft Arterialization: Association with Increased Urokinase Receptor Expression In Vitro and In Vivo." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 80, no. 07 (1998): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615153.

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SummaryInteraction of proteases with cell surface receptors may modulate cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and matrix degradation. Since the plasminogen activator system has been hypothesized to play a role in intimal thickening after various types of vascular injury, we first studied the expression of urokinase receptor (u-PAR) protein and mRNA by smooth muscle cells (SMC) grown in explant cultures from normal and diseased vessels. Using equilibrium binding studies with radiolabeled 125I-labeled single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA), we determined that SMC cultured from

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Measuring Uranium in the Soil of Some Area in Missan Governorate/ Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 1 (2011): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.1.39-43.

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Concentrations of uranium were measured in this study for twenty soil samples from four areas with different depths (soil surface-20-40-60-80)cm .The study regions include Missan Governorate (Al-Iskan area,Al-Shibbana area ,Hai-Al Moualimin Al Jadied area ,Sector 30 area). The Uranium concentrations in soil samples measured by using fission tracks registration in (CR-39) track detector that caused by the bombardment of (U-283) with thermal neutrons from (241Am-Be) neutron source that has flux neutron thermal of (5 ×103 n cm-2 s-1). The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with

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Arslan, Kenan, and Doğan Yücel. "Nâlî’nin Kürtçe Divanında Türkçe Unsurlar." International Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 23 (2021): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/usbd.5.23.5.17.

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Kurdish is a widely spoken language in many countries. It has been influenced by Persian and Arabic a lot through the history. Kurdish has been enclosed and interacted with Turkish right after Ottoman invasion in Iraq. There is no study about Turkish influence on Kurdish so far according to our scanning so that this study will be the first one ever. We have scanned, the Divan of Nali, a book by Nali who wrote poems in Sorani Kurdish in 19th century. In his Divan, there were 40 words in total: 33 Turkish words, 3 words carried into Kurdish by Turkish, and 4 words that have Turkish prefixes or s

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Schirawski, Jan, Bernadette Heinze, Martin Wagenknecht, and Regine Kahmann. "Mating Type Loci of Sporisorium reilianum: Novel Pattern with Three a and Multiple b Specificities." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 8 (2005): 1317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.8.1317-1327.2005.

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ABSTRACT Sporisorium reilianum and Ustilago maydis are two closely related smut fungi, which both infect maize but differ fundamentally in their mode of plant invasion and site of symptom development. As a prelude to studying the molecular basis of these differences, we have characterized the mating type loci of S. reilianum. S. reilianum has two unlinked mating type loci, a and b. Genes in both loci and adjacent regions show a high degree of synteny to the corresponding genes of U. maydis. The b locus occurs in at least five alleles and encodes two subunits of a heterodimeric homeodomain tran

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Damjanovich, László, Csaba Turzó, and Róza Ádány. "Factors Involved In the Plasminogen Activation System in Human Breast Tumours." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 71, no. 05 (1994): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642505.

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SummaryThe plasminogen activation system is a delicately balanced assembly of enzymes which seems to have primary influence on tumour progression. The conversion of plasminogen into serine protease plasmin with fibrinolytic activity depends on the actual balance between plasminogen activators (urokinase type; u-PA and tissue type; t-PA) and their inhibitors (type 1 and 2 plasminogen activator inhibitors; PAI-1 and PAI-2). The purpose of this study was to determine the exact histological localization of all the major factors involved in plasminogen activation, and activation inhibition (plasmin

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Hassan, Sarah, and Ayla Ghalib. "Maternal Serum Alpha Feto Protein Level May Predict Morbidly Adherent Placenta in Women with Placenta Previa." Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences 20, no. 2 (2022): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22578/ijms.20.2.16.

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Background: In situations of a morbidly adherent placenta, studies have shown that maternal serum alfa feto protein (AFP) is clinically high. Objective: To examine the association of morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) in pregnant women with placenta previa (PP) and their serum AFP biomarker. Methods: A prospective observational study that was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Azadi Teaching Hospital, Kirkuk, Iraq during the period from Feb. till Nov. 2019. It included 82 pregnant women those between 14-20 weeks of gestation with singleton pregnancy, viable fetus, and di

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Editorial, E. "Corrigendum: Transient analytical solution of temperature distribution and fracture limits in pulsed solid-state laser rod by Khalid S. Shibib, Mohammed A. Munshid, Mohammed Jalal Abdul Rayyak, and Luma Hasan Salman* , doi reference: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI141011090S." Thermal Science 21, no. 4 (2017): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170731162e.

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Simeon Oka, Editor-in-Chief of the journal Thermal Science request that it is necessary to name of the 3rd author of the paper TRANSIENT ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AND FRACTURE LIMITS IN PULSED SOLID-STATE LASER ROD by Khalid S. SHIBIB, Mohammed A. MUNSHID, Mohammed Jalal ABDUL RAYYAK, and Luma Hasan SALMAN* Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq published in the journal Thermal Science, Year 2017, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1213-1222 since due to typing error of the Editorial staff, name of the 3rd author was not correctly writt

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Mirskii, G. "Drama of the Arab East." World Economy and International Relations, no. 11 (2014): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-11-77-87.

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New upheavals have shaken the Middle East this summer. A small but determined army of Sunni jihadists that had operated in the war-torn Syria suddenly crossed the border into Iraq and launched a large-scale military campaign. In a matter of days the invaders captured the second largest city of Iraq, Mosul, and although heavily outnumbered by the Iraqi army, put it to flight. The militants, known as ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham, the latter word meaning Syria and Lebanon) and led by an exceedingly tough and ruthless commander Abubaqr al-Baghdadi, are descendants of the infamous terro

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Fazel, Asadi Amjad Salam Hasan Makki. "Al-Bayati's Romeo And Juliet In Baghdad And The Call For Love And Harmony: A Study In Adaptation And Its Concept Of Indigenization." Multicultural Education 7, no. 3 (2021): 23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4568556.

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<em>Purpose of the study: This article devotes to analyze the political, social and ideological indigenization in the adaptation of Daood'sRomeo and Juliet in Baghdad and elaborates how the adapter reflects the political, social and ideological Iraqi conditions after the Invasion of 2003 in his adaptation. </em> <em>Methodology: The current study was accomplished under the lens of A Theory of Adaptation by Linda Hutcheon and indigenization, related to the Where & When journalistic questions, will be the main concept or perspective in this research.  Result: The study examines the

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Caceci, T., T. Toth, R. H. Pyle, P. B. Siegel, and D. Ochs. "Stimulation of non-opsonic phagocytosis in avian respiratory phagocytes." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010010278x.

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Avian respiratory disease costs the U. S. poultry industry millions of dollars per year in lost production. The avian respiratory system, while similar in many ways, differs from that of mammals anatomically, physiologically, and in its response to invasion by infectious agents. One of the least understood components is the variety of cell types collectively referred to as avian respiratory phagocytes (ARP), the first line of defense against invasion. The resident ARP population is normally very low, but numbers increase in response to certain stimuli. We undertook a study to quantify the exte

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Zainab, A. Makawi Hind D. Hadi, and Ali Azhar. "Revision of some species of the genus Cryptosporidium (Tyzzer, 1907) (Eucoccidiorida, cryptosporidiidae) in cattle in Iraq." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 1 (2021): 116–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4527697.

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<em>Cryptosporidium</em> is a protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary significance that causes gastroenteritis in a number of vertebrate hosts. Several studies have recorded different degrees of pathogenicity and virulence among <em>Cryptosporidium </em>species and isolates of the same species as well as evidence of variation in host susceptibility to infection. Nevertheless, important progress has been made in determining <em>Cryptosporidium'</em>s putative virulence factors. Since the publication of <em>C  parvum</em> and <em>C. Hominis</em>&n

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