Relevant bibliographies by topics / U.s. invasion of Iraq

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'U.s. invasion of Iraq'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'U.s. invasion of Iraq.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "U.s. invasion of Iraq"

1

O'reilly, Marc J. "Aviel Roshwald, Ethnic Nationalism & the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia & the Middle East, 1914–1923. New York: Routledge, 2001, xii, 273 pp." Nationalities Papers 31, no. 2 (June 2003): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990307128.

Full text
Abstract:
In early 2003, President George W. Bush touted the prospects for democratization in Iraq, as well as in adjacent countries of the Middle East, following a U. S.-led invasion. He neglected to explain, however, how a country home to Kurds, Arab Sunnis, and Arab Shi'a—groups that historically have not co-existed harmoniously—would adjust to new and imposed political arrangements. Both the Shi'a, who constitute a majority, and the Kurds seek to escape Sunni oppression, omnipresent since the creation of Iraq in the 1920s. Although democracy may end Sunni privilege, Washington's commitment to the territorial integrity of Iraq will likely dissatisfy some if not many Kurds and Shi'a, who, presumably, not only expect improved representation within an Iraqi parliament but also enhanced political and cultural autonomy. Nearly a century ago, similar yearnings manifested themselves only to remain unfulfilled. This theme of dashed expectations pervades Aviel Roshwald's superb book, Ethnic Nationalism & the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia & the Middle East, 1914–1923.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ali, Raghad J., Firyal H. Al-Obaidi, Nariman F. Ahmed, and Hussein Hummdy. "Evaluation of Human Urinary N-acetyl beta – D- glucosaminidase index in children with urinary tract anomalies." Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 57, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.572351.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: The kidneys perform glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion and the study of urinary excretion of some enzymes considered as a sensitive test for the detection of early stages of renal disease, particularly N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) which is a hydrolytic lysosomal enzyme present in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. Increased urinary NAG due to tubular damage could be used as a marker by a simple non invasive test for prediction of urinary tract problems like pelviureteric junction(PUJ) obstruction ,vesicouretric reflux(VUR) and pyelonephritis.Objectives: to assess urinary NAG/ urinary creatinine (NAG/ Cr) ratio in children with different urinary tract anomalies and compare it with normal healthy children.Patients and Methods: A prospective study was conducted from November, 2012 to April, 2013. Urine samples were collected from 51 patients with Urinary tract problems, and 40 healthy children as a control group, their age range (1month-13years). Children were admitted to Pediatric nephrology department, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital / Medical City Complex, Baghdad, Iraq. The Glomerular filtration rate was in normal range in all of them. Urine samples were tested for NAG by (ELISA,Cusabio ,China) while, both Serum creatinine (S-Cr) and urine creatinine (U-Cr) were estimated by Jaffe’s kinetic method.Results: The current results revealed that NAG/creatinine index was significantly higher in patients with vesicoureteral reflux, Pelviureteric junction obstruction and pyelonephritis in comparison with cystitis.Conclusions: The assessment of urinary NAG could be considered as a useful marker in prediction of the vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis secondary to Pelviureteric junction obstruction .Urinary NAG is elevated in children with pyelonephritis and it can be considered as a further criterion in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract infection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Enas AL.Yasiry. "Post 2003’s War: US' Failure in Political and Economic Restructure of Iraq." Journal of Scientific Papers "Social development and Security" 10, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33445/sds.2020.10.5.1.

Full text
Abstract:
The key purpose of this article is to understand the proclaimed purpose of the US invasion of Iraq and subsequently analyze Americans promises to build new infrastructure and develop a new economy of the country. By discussing the steps taken by the US government after the invasion of Iraq towards restructuring and reconstruction of the country, the author defined reasons for the American failure in restructuring of the state. The qualitative methods of research was employed to analyze the failure of the United States in the political and economic restructuring of Iraq. The data was collected from different sources including scientific journals, research papers and articles published by the different websites. This paper concludes that war cannot be summarized as a humanitarian intervention. Especially invasion of a country without UN’s Security Council’s approval itself creates doubt on the legitimacy of the political reforms and economic restructure of the invaded country. Author verified that beside the post 2003 complex political situation in Iraq, the American intervention brought the country’s economy back to the zero point.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Mohammed, Ghaith, and Ghada Abdulrahman. "Comparative ELISA Detection of SARS-COV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies in Patients` Serum, Saliva, and Nasal Fluid in Iraq." Israa University Journal for Applied Science 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 15–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52865/nwgt5493.

Full text
Abstract:
Precise management of COVID-19 infection and global pandemic requires a precise assay of SARS-COV-2 antibodies. Spike protein and RBD specific serum monoclonal antibodies has been known to be elicited with the currently approved mRNA vaccine for COVID-19. Since combating SARS-CoV-2 infection begins as early at the viral entry port, mediated by mucosal immunity; whether the currently approved vaccines have the capacity to elicit mucosal immunity is still to be studied. Method; We conducted our research to detect SARS-Cov-2 IgA-RBD and IgG-NCP, in a set of a randomized three patients’ groups (total 55 subjects, randomized into 20 (Non previously infected control, 20 fully vaccinated people from AlSalam teaching hospital vaccination ward upon receiving the vaccine doses, and 15 patients newly recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection from AlShifaa quarantine hospital after remission from COVID-19 infection and preparing to discharge) in three fluid samples serum, saliva and nasal fluid, for a total of three samples per participant, to make a total of 165 samples to be tested, using a commercial immunoassay kit (Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA RBD IgA, and Anti-SARS- CoV-2 NCP ELISA IgG) the study was designed to assess the immunoglobulins levels in each sample from different health status and anatomical locations to give the statistical difference and the correct conclusion regarding this study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24, as well as Microsoft excel version (16.0.15028), test equations were performed via Mann-Whitney U Test, as well as The Kruskal-Wallis H test, to evaluate the non-gaussian distribution among the study group, for each of the outcomes, p < 0.05 was undertaken as statistically significant. Results; Our work showed that two doses of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine Comirnaty (Pfizer/BioNTech, New York, NY, USA), elicited a robust anti SARS-CoV-2 nasal and salivary IgA and IgG monoclonal antibody protection (as compared to control 0.625 COI, the vaccinated subjects resulted in a higher median salivary concentration of IgG NCP values as 1.69 COI, with a p-value of 0.0001. same goes for median salivary concentration of IgA RBD with value of 2.875 ± 1.276, as compared to control median values of 0.667 ± 0.208), (as compared to control 0.462 ± 0.2369, the vaccinated subjects resulted in a higher median nasal concentration of IgG NCP values as 1.944 ± 0.694, with a p-value of 0.0001. Same goes for median nasal concentration of IgA RBD with value of 1.941 ± 0.53, as compared to control median values of 0.681 ± 0.226). Two injections 25 days a part shown to trigger a stronger titer of protective immunity as compared to single early shot, still it`s less robust compared to the titers measured for the recovered subjects from COVID-19 infection. Taking into consideration that there was a lack of trustable ELISA based assays with specially designed kit for this purpose, focusing on nasal and salivary secretions, the current study that our pre investigational and investigational data are consistent. The results of this study indicates that a protective antigen specific nasal and salivary monoclonal antibody, can be triggered following proper vaccination regimen with mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, so this paves the way for using mucosal protective antibodies detection kits, as a suitable alternative option as a less invasive method compared to serum investigations, for detecting the protection against SARS-Cov-2 infection, induced by vaccine. The vaccinated subjects are significantly better tested via IgA in Saliva as compared to IgG, because of the higher median values for the IgA vs IgG, 2.875 ± 1.276 and 2.083 ± 1.610 respectively with a p-value of 0.008. in a similar state the IgA is the best test for the convalescent subjects in term of nasal fluid samples investigations, as the median value are comparatively higher than median value of IgG, 2.024 ± 0.520 and 1.786 ± 1.115 respectively.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Afrimadona, Afrimadona. "Power and Legitimacy in International Politics: Britain and Germany’s Responses to the U.S.’s Wars Against Iraq in 1991 and 2003." Global South Review 1, no. 1 (October 9, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/globalsouth.28816.

Full text
Abstract:
The paper evaluates the constructivist claim that legitimacy embedded in a country’s foreign policy shapes the responses of other countries’ foreign policy. I test the claim using four cases of Britain’s and Germany’s responses to US’s invasion in Iraq in 1991 and 2003. The choice of US’s invasion in Iraq in 1991 and 2003 was made on the ground that the latter was regarded as utterly illegitimate due to a lack of UN’s authorization. Thus, both cases reveal a variation in the extent of legitimacy (positive versus negative cases). My observation of Britain’s and Germany’s foreign policy responses is based on the fact that both countries are US’s allies. Thus, by examining allies’ responses to US’s invasion in Iraq in these two periods, I control for countries’ type of relationship with the US that may affect their behavior towards the country. My observation shows that only one out of the four cases (Germany’s response to US’s invasion in 2003) supports the claim that legitimacy is the main concern underlying states’ foreign policy response. In general, this study also suggests that legitimacy may matter under normal situation. During crises, however, states tend to be more pragmatic and power-based explanation seems more convincing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wijnberg, Monique J., Paul H. A. Quax, Nancy M. E. Nieuwenbroek, and Jan H. Verheijen. "The Migration of Human Smooth Muscle Cells In Vitro Is Mediated by Plasminogen Activation and Can Be Inhibited by α2-Macroglobulin Receptor Associated Protein." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 78, no. 02 (1997): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1657646.

Full text
Abstract:
SummaryThe plasminogen activation system is thought to be important in cell migration processes. A role for this system during smooth muscle cell migration after vascular injury has been suggested from several animal studies. However, not much is known about its involvement in human vascular remodelling. We studied the involvement of the plasminogen activation system in human smooth muscle cell migration in more detail using an in vitro wound assay and a matrix invasion assay. Inhibition of plasmin activity or inhibition of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) activity resulted in approximately 40% reduction of migration after 24 h in the wound assay and an even stronger reduction (70-80%) in the matrix invasion assay. Migration of smooth muscle cells in the presence of inhibitory antibodies against tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) was not significantly reduced after 24 h, but after 48 h a 30% reduction of migration was observed, whereas in the matrix invasion assay a 50% reduction in invasion was observed already after 24 h. Prevention of the interaction of u-PA with cell surface receptors by addition of soluble u-PA receptor or α2-macroglobulin receptor associated protein (RAP) to the culture medium, resulted in a similar inhibition of migration and invasion. From these results it can be concluded that both u-PA and t-PA mediated plasminogen activation can contribute to in vitro human smooth muscle cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the interaction between u-PA and its cell surface receptor appears also to be involved in this migration and invasion process. The inhibitory effects on migration and invasion by the addition of RAP suggests an involvement of a RAP sensitive receptor of the LDL receptor family, possibly the LDL-receptor related protein (LRP) and/or the VLDL receptor.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bobkin, Nikolay. "The Iranian-American competition in Iraq: the political defeat of the United States." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 2 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760015847-8.

Full text
Abstract:
The article gives an assessment of Iran&apos;s policy in neighboring Iraq during the years of the American occupation. The author&apos;s scientific hypothesis is that after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, Iran, and not America, became the real beneficiary of the overthrow of Saddam Hussein. The Iranian leadership, interested in changing the Baathist regime in Baghdad, having received such a strategic gift, did everything to use the US military presence to its advantage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategy of expanding Iran&apos;s influence in Iraq and its impact on US policy. The article shows that the nature of Iran&apos;s influence in Iraq included all the elements of state power: diplomatic, informational, military and economic. It is concluded that Tehran managed to take advantage of the democratic reforms in Iraq, which were carried out under the control of Washington. Iran used its Shiite henchmen, which gave it a political advantage over the United States, which did not have such influential allied forces in Iraq. Despite the disparate balance of military forces with America, Iran managed to avoid the risk of war with the United States and move on to achieving its long-term goals in Iraq. In the future, Tehran plans to achieve the rejection of Baghdad from constructive relations with Washington.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Immerfall, Stefan. "Perennial Anti-Americanism in Germany? Critical comments on Ruth Hatlapa’s and Andrei S. Markovits’ “Obamamania and Anti-Americanism as Complementary Concepts”." German Politics and Society 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2011.290405.

Full text
Abstract:
The transatlantic fallout preceding and immediately following the openingof the Second Iraq War in 2003 was accompanied by an unusuallywidespread public contempt for U.S. President George W. Bush. No doubt,vast majorities in Germany (and in many other European countries)rejected the Iraq invasion. But how should we interpret their motives?Was criticism levelled against a specific policy or was it based on negativestereotyping of America? Three kinds of arguments have been broughtforward as to why the latter should be the case.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Sonmez, A. Sait, and Samed Kurban. "Turkey’s Northern Iraq Policy Within the Dilemma of National Security Problems and Economic Cooperation (2003-2015)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n2p13.

Full text
Abstract:
The general characteristic of the foreign policy adopted by Turkey for North Iraq has been shaped based on the national integrity of Iraq since the Gulf War4. However developments in this country caused an increase in seperation demands from North Iraq Kurds. On the other hand this region had become an important base for Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) since 1980’s. Turkey’s security dilemma and priorities over Iraq were formulated as “red lines” and decleraded before invasion of Iraq. But North Iraq based security issues increased after the occupation of Iraq by the United States of America (USA). Getting support of the USA Iraqi Kurds began to follow a policy as political rival of Turkey. But economic relations, which have been established with the regional Government in terms of energy and trade, caused cooperation in other fields. So transfomation of bilateral relations of Turkey and Kurdish Regional Government of Iraq (KRGI) is discussed in this paper. Aim of this paper is to analyze how economic cooperation caused cooperation in security issues such as fight against terrorism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

جليل, محمد, and شامل كويش سلطان. "الموقف الفلسطيني من الاجتياح العراقي للكويت ( 2 آب 1990 – 17 كانون الثاني 1991 )." Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, no. 27 (January 7, 2018): 91–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss27.59.

Full text
Abstract:
Situations comes through wars and crisis, some of them consider as rationality , and others as irritability and hastiness , second Gulf crisis took great importance because it has brought various situations through both sides of Iraq and Kuwait , when Iraq occupy Kuwait in the second of August 1990 and as a result of this comes the breakdown of relationships of both sides level . Arab and international , which caused great effects in the future of many Arab and regional cases . This occupation revealed some facts in Arab and the international , appeared in on agreement between Arab countries at least in the principles of coexistence , we can see this in Arab 's division in all levels , and no agreement between Arab and international regional about the foundation which Arab_ Arab mutual and cooperation . The research divided into three parts .The first part talked about the historical struggle between Iraq and Kuwait till 1990 , The second part specialized to study of Palestinian official situation about the Iraqi Invasion to Kuwait in 2 August1990 – 17 January1991 ,Third part is about Palestinian's organizations in Invasion .
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "U.s. invasion of Iraq"

1

Huang, Li-Jung, and 黃莉絨. "U. S. Interventionism, Case Study: Grenada Invasion(1983)." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67252435601907779970.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
淡江大學
美國研究所
82
The United States ususally interferes coercively in the affairs of other states, especially in those of the small countries in the Third world, to make the international environment favorable for itself. For the crises coming from its backyard, the U. S. government always expresses the utmost concern. Since Grenada is located in the Central America, its stability imposes great influence on the strategic and economic interests of the U. S. To protect its national interests, President Reagan sent the troops to Grenada on October 25, 1983 to curb the communists' probe into the West Hemisphere. Although the legal basis for the intervention was proclaimed as to protect U. S. citizens, to restore law and order in Grenada, and to forestall further chaos, the Reagan administration was condemned in the international community for breaking the principle of equal sovereignity. 　　This thesis is a case study of U. S. invasion of Grenads in 1983 to illustrate the characteristics and patterns of U. S. intervention. Then the limits of U. S. intervention are elaborated and the legality of the intervention is analyzed according to the regulations of War Powers Resolution, the international law and the Charter of the Organization of American States. Besides,the reasons and background for the intervention are traced through three respects, i. e., the Reagan Doctrine, the strategic importance of Grenada and the tradition of Monroe Doctrine. At last, the impact the intervention has brought on President Reagan' s policy for Central America, the Central American countries, and the Russian as well as cuban foreign policies are also discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "U.s. invasion of Iraq"

1

The Choices Program - Brown University Staff. Global Controversy: U. S. Invasion of Iraq. Choices Program, Brown University, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

The Choices Program - Brown University Staff. Global Controversy: U. S. Invasion of Iraq. Choices Program, Brown University, 2017.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

The Choices Program - Brown University Staff. Global Controversy: The U. S. Invasion of Iraq. Choices Program, Brown University, 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

The Choices Program - Brown University Staff. Global Controvery : Teacher Resource Book: The U. S. Invasion of Iraq. Choices Program, Brown University, 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

United States Government US Army. U. S. Army in the Iraq War Volume 1: Invasion Insurgency Civil War 2003 - 2006. Independently Published, 2019.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Voting for War: A U. S. Congressman's Awakening to the Lies Behind the Iraq Invasion. McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers, 2021.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Rayburn, Joel, Frank Sobchak, and U. S. Army U.S. Army War College Press. U. S. Army in the Iraq War : Volume 1: Invasion - Insurgency - Civil War, 2003-2006. Independently Published, 2019.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Army War Army War College. U. S. Army in the Iraq War: Invasion Insurgency Civil War 2003-2006 Book 2. Independently Published, 2019.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Rayburn, Joel, and Frank Sobchak. U. S. Army in the Iraq War - Volume 1: Invasion - Insurgency - Civil War, 2003-2006. Independently Published, 2019.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Army War Army War College. U. S. Army in the Iraq War: Invasion Insurgency Civil War 2003-2006 Book 1. Independently Published, 2019.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "U.s. invasion of Iraq"

1

Sepp, Kalev. "The U. S. Army and counterinsurgency in Iraq." In Strategy and History, 206–26. Routledge, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203088951.ch11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

cirincione, Joseph. "THE IRAQ WAR AND THE FAILURE OF U. S. COUNTERPROLIFERATION STRATEGY." In Balance Sheet, 39–67. Stanford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqsf2cs.7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Burt, Ronald S. "Closure, Echo, and Rigidity." In Brokerage and Closure, 167–223. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199249145.003.0005.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract On July 14, 2004, the British House of Commons printed a report entitled Review of Intelligence on Weapons of Mass Destruction. There had been concerns about Britain ‘s alignment with the United States in the invasion of Iraq. Among the stated goals of the invasion was removing weapons of mass destruction threatening the region and the world at large. Failure to find the weapons, and judicious reflection after the invasion, supported the conclusion that the information provided by intelligence agencies was not used appropriately to inform policy decisions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Banwell, Stacy. "Empire-building and Coerced Sexual Activities in Post-invasion/occupation Iraq." In Gender and the Violence(s) of War and Armed Conflict: More Dangerous to Be a Woman?, 65–83. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-115-520201005.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Woolf, Lord. "Magna Carta: A Precedent for Recent Constitutional Change." In The Pursuit of Justice, edited by Christopher Campell-Holt, 101–15. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199217090.003.0006.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Abstract This paper provides an historical account of the fundamental principles of the rule of law. Reference is made to the chapters at the heart of the Magna Carta of 1215 as containing many of the core features of societies that today adhere to the rule of law. Magna Carta principles are placed within a contemporary setting through a discussion of the UK ‘s new constitutional arrangements that include the abolition of the old Office of Lord Chancellor and provision for a new Supreme Court. It explains that increased recognition of the rule of law is apparent from its impact upon the global economy and strident argument which has occurred over the recent flood of asylum seekers, the invasion over Iraq, and dispute over the legal status of detainees.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Malovany, Pesach, Amatzia Baram, Kevin M. Woods, and Ronna Englesberg. "From the End of the War against Iran until the Conquest of Kuwait (1988–1990)." In Wars of Modern Babylon. University Press of Kentucky, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813169439.003.0028.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter deals with the Iraqi Army in the period from the end of the war against Iran until the conquest of Kuwait (1988-1990). It describes the Iraqi Armed Forces after the war against Iran, their sense of power, their new fighting capabilities and operational experience and the changes the Armed Forces went through, This period was characterized by tension between Iraq and Israel and the Western countries led by the U. S. stemming from Saddam’s efforts to develop unconventional weapons. Simultaneously, the regime’s traditional desire to liberate Palestine and destroy the “Zionist entity” was revitalized. In parallel, Iraq’s economic difficulties brought to a crisis with Kuwait, who became an attractive target for the Iraqis in order to solve their problems and improve their situation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "U.s. invasion of Iraq"

1

Laug, Walter E. "HETEROGENOUS EXPRESSION OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (PA) GENES IN THE HUMAN SARCOMA CELL LINE HT1080." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644395.

Full text
Abstract:
Tumor cell derived PA activities are of crucial importance for tissue invasion and destruction by tumor cells. Therefore, we studied the expression of the PA genes in HT1080 cells using immunoenzymatic methods and specific PA gene probes.Immunenzymatic methods allowed only for the detection of urokinase like PA (u-PA) activities in HT1080 cells which was suppressed by treatment of the cells with dexamethasone (10-7 m). Despite the lack of u-PA activities, the cells still degraded extracellular tissue glycoproteins. Northern blot analysis with specific PA gene probe showed that HT1080 cells express both tissue type PA (t-PA) and u-PA. The enzymatic activities of t-PA were most likely masked by the simultaneous production of inhibitors of PA (PAI). Treatment of HT1080 cells with dexamethasone resulted in increased transcription of t-PA and decreased expression of the u-PA gene, explaining the unchanged tissue destruction by dexamethasone treated HT1080 cells.Cell clones secreting either large or small amounts of enzymatic PA activities were isolated from the parental HT1080 cell line using a fibrin agarose overlay technique.The expression of the u-PA gene was enhanced in high secreting PA clones compared to low secreting PA clones when analyzed on Northern blots. This heterogenous expression of the u-PA gene within the HT1080 cell line was confirmed by in situ hybridization with a specific u-PA gene probe.These findings demonstrate that PA gene expression can be missed with immunenzymatic methods due to simultaneous production of inhibitors of PA. In addition our results show that the expression of a given PA gene may be heterogenous on the cellular level within an established tumor cell line. These findings, therefore, suggest cellular variation of PA gene expression in tumor which may be of fundamental importance for tissue invasion and metastasis by cancer cells.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'U.s. invasion of Iraq' for particular source types:
Journal articles Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography