Journal articles: 'Tyred wheels'

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Reina, S., D. A. Hills, and D. Dini. "Incipient Slip Conditions in the Rolling Contact of Tyred Wheels." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 10 (April 22, 2010): 2049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes2075.

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The contact problem of a driving tyred wheel, pressed and rolling over an elastically similar half-plane, is considered. Although applicable to a wide range of shrink-fitted assemblies, the simplified model is solved to study the practical case of an elastically similar steel tyre mounted on a locomotive steel wheel subjected to tractive rolling. The behaviour of the system at the tyre—substrate interface is studied using closed-form solutions to calculate the state of stress within the tyre. Conditions leading to incipient slip and/or plasticity are identified and mapped for different loads and geometries.

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Wise, S. "Railway Wheelsets—a Critical Review." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 201, no. 4 (October 1987): 257–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_185_02.

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This paper gives a brief history of the evolution of wheelsets and then outlines the changes that have occurred in their design in the last 30 years, mainly due to the change to diesel and electric traction. Technical problems are discussed and the principal lines of research which have been followed are described. As a result, tyred wheel centres have largely been replaced by monobloc wheels with hardened treads, disc brakes have been introduced and the unmachined cast steel wheel has become a serious competitor to the traditional forged and rolled wheel. Of great importance is the introduction of computer analysis of wheel stresses which has led to modifications to the wheelset to reduce stress and to set limiting values.

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Sedlák, Pavel, and František Bauer. "Effect of contact surface of tyres on tractor pulling properties." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 1 (2004): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452010209.

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The paper presents a comparison of pulling properties of a prototype of three-axle tractor 6K6 with the classical tractor John Deere 8400. To compare differences in the contact surface of wheels the authors measured the area of tyres of tested tractors. It was found out that the contact surface of tyres of 6K6 tractor was larger by 62 % than that of John Deere 8400. Results of measurements performed on a stubble indicated that the drawbar pull force of 6K6 tractor was 70 kN while that of 4K4 only 58 kN (slippage of wheels was in both cases 40 %). It was concluded that although the weights of both tractors were comparable, a greater drawbar pull force of 6K6 tractor resulted from a larger contact area of tyres with soil surface. The maximum drawbar power of 6K6 tractor was measured at the speed ranging from 13 to 17 km.h-1. In case of John Deere 8400 tractor, the maximum drawbar power was recorded at speeds of 9 to 13 km.h-1.Wheels of the prototype 6K6 tractor were tyred with tyres 480/70 R 30. The equation of slippage curve was derived on the base of measured results and the coefficient of adhesion.

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Kozłowski, Maciej, and Włodzimierz Choromański. "PRT simulation research." Archives of Transport 27-28, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2013): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0004.0960.

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The paper presents analyses results of PRT vehicle driveability in a ¼ scale conducted with the application of a simulation model for a straight line driving conditions and when driving on a curve. The results of the present work will be used in the analysis of a physical motion model in a laboratory stand reflecting a railway system of the stand. The paper discusses the first stage of research in the process of virtual pre-prototyping which is to be finalized with the construction of a non-commercial vehicle prototype. In the construction of the simulation model, particular attention has been paid to three issues. First of all, a correct description of design features connected with the lack of so called centring mechanism – and not profiled tyred wheels independently embedded in the axes of the set. Secondly, a proper description of a turning mechanism with the use of a leading rollers system alongside the rail edge. Thirdly, the use of linear motor for the vehicle drive. The simulation model has been developed within MBS environment. For the description of tyred wheels, the library of TNO Delft Tyre has been used. Vehicle motion stability has been tested on the straight and curved track sections. The research has been financed within the framework of ECO mobility project.

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Alroqi, Abdurrhman A., and Wei Ji Wang. "Reduction of Aircraft Tyre Wear by Pre-Rotating Wheel Using ANSYS Mechanical Transient." Advanced Engineering Forum 17 (June 2016): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.17.89.

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Heavy aircraft main landing gear tyres skid immediately after touchdown as result of the high slip ratio between the tyres and runway, which lead to tyre wear and smoke. In this paper, the tyre wear is modelled on the Archard theory using ANSYS mechanical transient, to reveal the wheel’s dynamic and the tyre tread wear. The wheel’s dynamic and the amount of wear are calculated for initially static and for pre-spun wheels in order to find the effectiveness of the technique of pre-spinning the wheel, as suggested by many patents since the early days of airplane use, in order to eliminate aircraft landing wear and smoke.

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Subel, Joshua, and Frank W. Kienhöfer. "Thermal comparison of heavy vehicle wheel assemblies under alpine braking." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019844359.

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Overheating brakes cause brake fade, tyre blowouts and vehicle fires, but no study has investigated the influence of wheel configuration or rim material on these catastrophic failures. Laboratory measurements of the transient thermal response of heavy vehicle wheel assemblies to [Formula: see text] of alpine friction braking are presented; comparing brake and tyre temperature when using dual and single wheels with steel and aluminium rims. Under an averaged braking power of [Formula: see text], the final temperature increase of the brake was [Formula: see text] (3.7%) higher when using steel versus aluminium rims. The final increase in maximum tyre temperature was [Formula: see text] (16%) higher when using aluminium versus steel rims and [Formula: see text] (76%) higher when using single versus dual wheels. The greater thermal conductivity and cross-sectional area of the aluminium rims relative to the steel rims reduce the thermal resistance of braking heat flowing into the tyre; leading to higher tyre temperature when using aluminium rims. Dual rims and tyres have larger surface areas than singles which convect more heat to the air at lower temperatures; leading to cooler tyres when using dual wheels. The higher thermal diffusivity of aluminium and lower thermal capacities of single wheels also cause tyre temperature to rise more rapidly than when using steel rims or dual wheels. These results indicate that the risk of tyres overheating (which could lead to blowout) from extended use of the brakes is increased when using single wheels compared to dual wheels and further exacerbated by using aluminium rims compared to steel rims.

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Mazur, Vladimir. "Experimental research in automobile non-pneumatic tire force heterogeneity." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402019.

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Simplicity and high efficiency of a wheeled mover as a mechanism for converting rotational motion into a translatory one have conditioned its wide application in overland machines including motor vehicles. However a wheel with a non-pneumatic tyre (NPT) has a sufficient drawback lying in termination of a wheeled machine movement at the excess air pressure loss. Moreover, the loss of excess air pressure in a pneumatic tyre of traditional design at high speed of movement of a motor vehicle can lead to a traffic accident with heavy consequences. The stop of a motor vehicle to change a wheel on a heavy traffic roadway or roadside also poses a threat. These reasons determine the necessity of both well-known design improvements and search for the new wheeled mover design solutions to enhance a motor vehicle safety, the use of wheels with non-pneumatic tyres of elastic polymeric materials being one of them. Safety enhancement by means of non-pneumatic tyre use along with keeping the high performance of wheeled machine operational properties, is an important scientific and technical task that determines the research urgency.

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Morrish, L., M. P. Cartmell, and A. J. Taylor. "Geometry and kinematics of multicable spreader lifting gear." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 211, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406971521764.

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This paper presents a novel theoretical study of the geometry and derived kinematics of a typical multicable suspension system as encountered on a rubber tyred gantry (RTG) crane. Machines of this sort are used extensively in the international container handling business but, to date, little has been known about the precise motions of cable suspended spreaders other than general intuitions about fore—aft, lateral and rotational oscillations. Such motions are initiated by driver-controlled motion of the gantry itself (by torques applied to the driving wheels) and by across-the-vehicle motions of the trolley from which the spreader and container payload are suspended. The work reported here shows the complete derivation for spreader coordinates, relative to the trolley, for any translational and/or rotational displacement. Conventional geometrical and trigonometrical principles are used throughout the development. This research forms an integral part of a larger programme of work to propose strategies for accurate spreader motion control based on non-linear dynamic models.

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9

Takács, Dénes, and Gábor Stépán. "Contact patch memory of tyres leading to lateral vibrations of four-wheeled vehicles." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1993 (June 28, 2013): 20120427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0427.

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It has been shown recently that the shimmy motion of towed wheels can be predicted in a wide range of parameters by means of the so-called memory effect of tyres. This delay effect is related to the existence of a travelling-wave-like motion of the tyre points in contact with the ground relative to the wheel. This study shows that the dynamics within the small-scale contact patch can have an essential effect on the global dynamics of a four-wheeled automobile on a large scale. The stability charts identify narrow parameter regions of increased fuel consumption and tyre noise with the help of the delay models that are effective tools in dynamical problems through multiple scales.

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Abrahám, Rudolf, Tomáš Zubčák, Radoslav Majdan, Katarína Kollárová, Eva Matejková, Soňa Masarovičová, and Róbert Drlička. "Drawbar Performance of Tractor Tyres with Steel Spikes At 100%-Wheel Slip." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0016.

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Abstract A driving wheel is a part of a tractor, which transmits forces from a tyre to the ground. Therefore, it affects the tractor movement and the pulling of an implement. The paper is aimed at a tractive performance evaluation of special driving wheels based on drawbar pull at 100%-slip. These wheels consist of steel spikes to be applied in the base or working position. The design is characterized by the spikes placed in a tyre-tread pattern. The rubber lugs of the tyre are higher than spikes, therefore, they are not in contact with the ground in the base position. The spikes in the working position exceed the tyre diameter to be in contact with the ground. Tests were performed on a grass plot at a relatively low soil moisture. The spike tyres were compared with the standard tyres using a sub-compact tractor. An increase in drawbar pull reached a statistically significant value of 15.9% in the 2nd gear and 16.7% in the 1st gear.

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Abrahám, Rudolf, Radoslav Majdan, and Miroslav Mojžiš. "Design and Verification of Tractor Wheels Equipped with Automatically Extensible Blades." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2013-0013.

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Abstract This paper focuses on the possibility of increasing the drawbar pull of an agricultural tractor on the soil and grass-covered surface. We have compared the tractor tyre traction properties with a newly developed system of automatically extensible blades next to the tractor drive wheel tyres. The tractor with wheels equipped with auto-extensible blades reached a higher drawbar pull at an average of 70 % on the soil and 80 % on grass compared to tyres.

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Contessotto, Enrique Ernesto, Guido Fernando Botta, Marcos Esteban Angelini, Fernando Bienvenido, David Rivero, Federico Matías Pelizzari, Diego Gabriel Ghelfi, and Ayelén Ileana Nistal. "Soil compaction response to wheel traffic in the Rolling Pampas region of Argentina." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo 53, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.011.

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The present work shows the effects of the different agricultural wheels traffic on the soil physical properties on a Typic Argiudoll soil worked under no-tillage cropping system. Soil compaction produced by traffic was quantified through these parameters: a) cone index, b) rut depth and c) soil water content at the traffic moment. Grain chaser, sprayer, harvester combine and tractor equipped with commonly used wheels in the study area were tested. The main results obtained showed that the tyres with the highest inflation pressure and tyre ground pressures produced the highest values of cone index and rut depth. Typic Argiudoll soil worked under continuous no-tillage cropping system is not able to constrain topsoil and subsoil compaction when it is wheeled by tyre with ground pressures greater than 77.6 kPa. Highlights Soil compaction causes a reduction in root growth and yield in many crops. Soil under a no-tillage system does not limit topsoil and subsoil compaction when wheeled by tyres with ground pressures greater than 77.6 kPa When the machinery load increases on soils with high bearing capacity (soils under a long-term no-tillage system), the subsoil compaction problems increase.

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13

Bersenev, S. P., and E. M. Slobtsova. "Status of nondestructive control of transport function metal products at JSC EVRAZ NTMK." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 6 (July 21, 2020): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-6-586-590.

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Achievements in the area of automated ultrasonic control of quality of rails, solid-rolled wheels and tyres, wheels magnetic powder crack detection, carried out at JSC EVRAZ NTMK. The 100% nondestructive control is accomplished by automated control in series at two ultrasonic facilities RWI-01 and four facilities УМКК-1 of magnetic powder control, installed into the exit control line in the wheel-tyre shop. Diagram of location, converters displacement and control operations in the process of control at the facility RWI-01 presented, as well as the structural diagram of the facility УМКК-1. The automated ultrasonic control of rough tyres is made in the tyres control line of the wheel-tyre shop at the facility УКБ-1Д. The facility enables to control internal defects of tyres in radial, axis and circular directions of radiation. Possibilities of the facility УКБ-1Д software were shown. Nondestructive control of railway rails is made at two facilities, comprising the automated control line of the rail and structural shop. The УКР-64Э facility of automated ultrasonic rails control is intended to reveal defects in the area of head, web and middle part of rail foot by pulse echo-method with a immersion acoustic contact. The diagram of rail P65 at the facility УКР-64Э control presented. To reveal defects of the macrostructure in the area of rail head and web by mirror-shadow method, an ultrasonic noncontact electromagnetic-acoustic facility is used. It was noted, that implementation of the 100% nondestructive control into the technology of rolled stuff production enabled to increase the quality of products supplied to customers and to increase their competiveness.

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Majdan, Radoslav, Rudolf Abrahám, Zdenko Tkáč, Róbert Drlička, Eva Matejková, Katarína Kollárová, and Jan Mareček. "Static Lateral Stability of Tractor with Rear Wheel Ballast Weights: Comparison of ISO 16231-2 (2015) with Experimental Data Regarding Tyre Deformation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010381.

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The paper presents a static lateral stability of a sub-compact tractor MT8-070 Mini in relation to a safe tractor operation. Axle weight distribution of the tractor was measured to calculate the vertical and longitudinal coordinates of a centre of gravity (COG). Experiments were aimed at the tractor equipped with no and four levels of rear wheel ballast weights (30.5, 61, 91.5 and 122 kg) at standard and extended overall width on tyres. A static overturning angle was calculated and experimentally measured when the tractor with right wheels touching the ground was in a state of unstable equilibrium. Comparing the experimental data with ISO 16231-2 (2015), the differences were 2.57%, 2.80%, 3.04%, 3.42% and 3.88% in the case of the standard overall width on tyres and 2.40%, 2.61%, 3.11%, 3.67% and 3.99% in the case of the extended overall width on tyres at 0, 30.5, 91.5 and 122 kg of the rear wheel ballast weight. Considering the vertical tyre deformation and the lateral shift of the tyre, the differences decreased to 0.95%, 1.11%, 1.29%, 1.85% and 1.42% (standard overall width on tyres) and 0.91%, 1.18%, 1.69%, 2.27% and 2.57% (extended overall width on tyres). The length of a rubber lug of a tyre contact patch did not change when the tractor was inclined at various ballast weights and did not affect the static overturning angle calculation according to ISO 16231-2 (2015). Results showed higher static overturning angle experimentally measured in comparison with calculated according to ISO 16231-2 (2015) due to the tyre deformation. Limiting the tractor operation on the basis of the static overturning angle calculated according to ISO 16231-2 (2015) avoids the tractor usage under dangerous operation conditions.

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Huh, K., J. Kim, and J. Hong. "Handling and driving characteristics for six-wheeled vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 214, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440700021400205.

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Handling performance of six-wheeled special-purpose vehicles is investigated in this study. Six-wheel drive (6WD) vehicles are believed to have good performance in off-the-road manoeuvring and to have fail-safe capabilities when one or two of their tyres are blown. However, the handling performance of six-wheel steering (6WS) vehicles is not yet well understood in the relevant literature. In this paper, six-wheeled vehicles are modelled as an 18 degree-of-freedom (DOF) system that considers non-linear vehicle dynamics, tyre models and kinematic effects. The vehicle model is constructed into a simulation tool using MATLAB/SIMULINK so that input/output and vehicle parameters can be changed easily using the modulated approach. Handling performance is analysed not only from the frequency domain but also from the time domain. Simulation results demonstrate that the effect of middle-wheel steering is not negligible from the viewpoint of handling characteristics such as yaw rate, lateral acceleration, etc. The simulation tool is also utilized for the manoeuvring analysis over a rough rigid surface, where the separation between the wheels and the road can be considered. In addition, a new 6WS control law is proposed in order to minimize the sideslip angle. Lane change simulation results show the advantage of 6WS vehicles with the proposed control law.

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Dulani Daminda Kuruppu, K. A., and C. J. Hettiarachchi. "Case study on aircraft tyre wear in Y12 aircraft tyres." Aeronautical Journal 122, no. 1253 (May 30, 2018): 1123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.55.

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ABSTRACTThe primary objective of this research was to analyse the discrepancies in polymeric properties in Y12 aircraft tyres after 50 landings. Tensile strength and elongation test, abrasion test and hardness tests were carried out for the nose and main gear tyres after the completion of 50 landings. Surface morphologies of the tyre samples were observed using SEM. ISO specifications were followed for each experimental method during testing. There was a reduction in both median tensile strength and elongation at break in aircraft tyres after 50 landings but the reduction rate of both parameters were lower in Tyre 2 (nose wheel tyre) compared with Tyre 1 (left main wheel tyre) and Tyre 3 (right main wheel tyre). The highest percentage of mean volume loss was reported for Tyre 3 (3.88%). In addition, the least percentage of mean volume loss was obtained in Tyre 2 (2.98%). The percentage of hardness reduction was highest in Tyre 2 (6.9%). The surface roughness was induced to the tyre surface after completion of 50 landings.

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Khriptovich, E. V., I. N. Shiganov, D. V. Ponomarenko, S. A. Shmelev, and E. D. Ishkinyaev. "Comparative Analysis of Wheelsets Tyres, Hardened Using a Laser or Plasma Heat Source." World of Transport and Transportation 20, no. 3 (January 15, 2023): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2022-20-3-1.

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Lateral wear of the locomotive wheel flange is one of the main types of wear that occurs during rolling stock operation. An important characteristic of a rail wheel rim is its wear resistance, which directly depends on the carbon content in steel. The carbon content in wheel steel of group 2 in the amount of 0,55–0,65 is due to the fact that at its lower concentration, the proportion of grain boundary ferrite increases, which leads to a decrease in the contact strength of wheels, and a higher one leads to a tendency to brittle fracture.The increased carbon content makes it possible to harden the surface of steel. Plasma and laser hardening technologies can be used to reduce tyre flange wear and increase the service life of locomotive wheelsets.The objective of this work is to determine advantages and disadvantages of technologies for laser and plasma hardening of working surfaces of tyres of wheelsets of railway rolling stock.The comparative analysis related to microstructure and microhardness of wheelsets tyres of the 2TE25KM diesel locomotive which are made of wheel steel of group 2 according to GOST 398-2010 state standard and hardened respectively by plasma and laser hardening.The tasks set were solved using theoretical and experimental research methods. The preparation and study of hardened samples was carried out using the equipment of the testing laboratory of LLC Scientific and Technical Association «IRE-Polus».A study referred to hardened zones in various areas and sections of the tyre. Tribological tests concerned wear resistance of specimens hardened with a high-power fiber laser. The main advantages and disadvantages of laser and plasma hardening processes are revealed.The conducted studies allow making a conclusion that the use of laser hardening technology for hardening wheelsets tyres, as an alternative to the plasma hardening process, is highly promising.

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Hamed, M., B. Tesfa, F. Gu, and A. D. Ball. "Effects of Tyre Pressure on Vehicle Suspension Performance." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 55 (July 2015): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.55.102.

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Incorrect inflation pressures in tyres affects the vehicle handling, passenger comfort and braking conditions in addition to causing a reduction in fuel efficiency and tyre life. To address this problem, mathematical models have been produced and an experimental validation has been carried out. The models were developed with 7-DOF, for a full car system, using MATLAB programs. In the simulation study, the suspension faults have been considered by running the models with a range of inflation pressures at four conditions i.e. at standard pressure (2.3bar) and 1.5bar on the passenger wheel, driver wheel and front wheels. In each case, an analysis was carried out on the performances of the suspension in terms of ride comfort, road handling and stability of the vehicle followed by the presentation of the results obtained. In addition, the influence of parameter variations on transfer functions as a fault detection of suspension has been introduced. This approach has been used when detecting faults of vehicle tyres being under-inflated 35% and also to detect other suspension faults in the future.

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Hamed, M., B. Tesfa, F. Gu, and A. D. Ball. "Effects of Tyre Pressure on Vehicle Suspension Performance." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 55 (July 3, 2015): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-l6t1lc.

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Incorrect inflation pressures in tyres affects the vehicle handling, passenger comfort and braking conditions in addition to causing a reduction in fuel efficiency and tyre life. To address this problem, mathematical models have been produced and an experimental validation has been carried out. The models were developed with 7-DOF, for a full car system, using MATLAB programs. In the simulation study, the suspension faults have been considered by running the models with a range of inflation pressures at four conditions i.e. at standard pressure (2.3bar) and 1.5bar on the passenger wheel, driver wheel and front wheels. In each case, an analysis was carried out on the performances of the suspension in terms of ride comfort, road handling and stability of the vehicle followed by the presentation of the results obtained. In addition, the influence of parameter variations on transfer functions as a fault detection of suspension has been introduced. This approach has been used when detecting faults of vehicle tyres being under-inflated 35% and also to detect other suspension faults in the future.

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Jiang, Sheng Yuan, Xu Dong Jiang, Xue Wen Zhang, and Jian Yong Li. "Design and Research on the Mechanical Adaptive In-Pipe Robot Drive Unit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.965.

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A novel differential in-pipe robot, called mechanical adaptive in-pipe robot is presented. The drive unit of the robot consists of driving module characterized by tri-axis differential velocity mechanism, and elastic leg-wheeled in-pipe adaptability module characterized by fully active drive. The drive module, as a result of its automatically modulating every moving wheel rotation speed according to topological constraint by in-pipe, avoids parasite power as a result of moving wheel slippage. The elastic leg-wheeled in-pipe adaptability module is adjustable to inner diameter variation by its radial protraction and shrinkage, and its fully active structure ensures enough tractive force even if several moving wheels impended. Therefore the mechanical adaptive in-pipe robot provides a novel insight to differential-typed in-pipe robots with the mechanical adaptive performance, and is supplementary with its novel configuration and transmission principle.

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Muhamedsalih, Yousif, Julian Stow, and Adam Bevan. "Use of railway wheel wear and damage prediction tools to improve maintenance efficiency through the use of economic tyre turning." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718781127.

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This paper investigates the wear rate and pattern for wheels turned with thin flanges using economic tyre turning. Economic tyre turning refers to the process of turning wheels to a profile that has the same tread shape but a thinner flange than the design case profile, allowing less material to be removed from the wheel diameter during re-profiling. Modern wheel lathes are typically capable of turning such profiles but the GB railway group standards do not currently permit their use. The paper demonstrates how the wheel profile damage model (WPDM) can be used, with a good degree of accuracy, to predict both the magnitude of wheel wear and the worn profile shape of the design and economic tyre turning re-profiled wheels for service mileages exceeding 100,000 miles. The WPDM simulations were run for two typical electric multiple units (one suburban and one intercity train fleet) and a two-axle freight wagon. Additionally, it discusses the calibration methodology used to adjust the wear coefficients contained within the Archard wear model to improve the accuracy of the WPDM simulation results for specific routes and vehicle types. Furthermore, this paper presents the findings of a trial of economic tyre turning on a fleet of intercity trains. The analysis is extended to predict the effect of using economic tyre turning on rail rolling contact fatigue for typical routes and operating conditions using a series of vehicle dynamic simulations. The analysis considers new 56E1 and 60E2 rails together with a selection of worn wheel. The research provides valuable evidence to support a future change to the standards which will allow train operators/maintainers to implement economic tyre turning policies.

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Kunickaya, Ol’ga, Edward Hertz, Igor Kruchinin, Evgeniy Tikhonov, Nikolai Ivanov, Nikolay Dolmatov, Maksim Zorin, and Igor Grigorev. "Pressure Control Systems for Tyre Preservation in Forestry Machinery and Forest Soils." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 18, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw210033.

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Most forestry machinery today has a wheel-driven engine, and its tyre pressure has a significant impact on the compaction and degradation of the forest soil, causing environmental damages. Not only the durability of the tyres but also the driving characteristics and productivity of wheeled forest machines depend on the correct choice of pressure and competent operation. This work aims to analyse modern tyre pressure control technologies to develop an automated tyre pressure control system for wheeled forest machinery and lower the environmental impact. A new tyre pressure control system in forest machines was developed using a PressurePro solution, which contributes to a lower negative influence on the soil and reduces expenses for diagnostics and fuel. The study results of the tyre-to-ground contact pressure show that the installation of an automatic tyre pressure control system leads to its decrease by 20%. However, as the number of passes increases, the pressure might slightly increase. The study of humus content and soil compaction demonstrates that reduced tyre pressure and its automatic control contribute to a minimal reduction in humus content and soil compaction over time. Installation of the tyre pressure and temperature control system on forestry machines allows the system to be implemented quickly due to the simplicity of installation and operation.

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Ivanov, Rosen, Rusi Rusev, and Plamen Ilchev. "LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF TYRE SLIDING GRIP COEFFICIENT." TRANSPORT 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2006): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2006.9638062.

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The paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation on the variation of the tyre sliding grip coefficient depending on the tyre construction, the air pressure, the vertical load and the wheel camber. Eight different models of tyres are tested. A significant reduction of the tyre sliding grip coefficient on a hard ground was registered, when the tyre pressure is low and the wheel camber is bigger. The analysis of results and explanation of causes are done.

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Majdan, Radoslav, Rudolf Abrahám, Zdenko Tkáč, and Miroslav Mojžiš. "Drawbar Parameters of Tractor with Prototypes of Driving Wheels and Standard Tyres." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2018-0012.

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Abstract The paper presents the main drawbar parameters of tractor (drawbar pull, drawbar power and wheels slip) operating in a grass plot and evaluates the utilization of specially modified tyres with spikes. These prototypes of driving wheels were designed at the Department of Transport and Handling of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The designed mechanism with spikes is mounted on standard tractor tyres, in which grooves were made. Spikes are hidden in grooves during transportation on a route. On the grassy landscape or soil, the spikes are ejected in order to improve the drawbar parameters. During operation, the drawbar pull and the rotation speeds of wheels were measured, whereupon the wheel slip was calculated. Results show the highest increase in tractor speed at the second gear and high load in utilized prototypes of the driving wheels (1.89 km·h-1) in comparison to standard tyres (1.10 km·h-1). Measurements also demonstrate the highest improvement of drawbar power under the aforementioned conditions in case of tractor with prototypes of driving wheels (1,719.87 W) in comparison with tractor using the standard tyres (1,061.57 W).

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Wong, J. Y., N. B. McLaughlin, Z. Knezevic, and S. Burtt. "Optimization of the tractive performance of four-wheel-drive tractors: Theoretical analysis and experimental substantiation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 212, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407981525966.

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The results of a theoretical analysis reveal that, for a four-wheel-drive tractor to achieve the optimum tractive performance under a given operating condition, the thrust (or driving torque) distribution between the front and rear axles should be such that the slips of the front and rear tyres are equal. For four-wheel-drive tractors with rigidly coupled front and rear drive axles, this can be achieved if the theoretical speed (the product of the angular speed and the free-rolling radius of the tyre) of the front and that of the rear wheels are equal or the theoretical speed ratio is equal to 1. Field test data confirm the theoretical findings that, when the theoretical speed ratio is equal to 1, the efficiency of slip and tractive efficiency reach their respective peaks, the fuel consumption per unit drawbar power reaches a minimum, and the overall tractive performance is at an optimum.

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L'Anson, R., J. Peña, R. Postic, and J.-P. Barret. "Finite Element Analysis Applied to Radial Aircraft Tyre Engineering." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 210, no. 1 (January 1996): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_349_02.

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The application of finite element analysis (FEA) to the design of radial aircraft tyres is shown to be an effective and efficient tool which can be used for conducting tyre and tyre wheel design studies. This paper describes the specific conditions under which FEA is applied by Michelin to the radial aircraft tyre, and presents an example of its application to the analysis of the tyre and wheel rim contact pressures. Model definition, calculated tyre displacement and rim contact pressure distributions are included. Validation of the FEA prediction against experimental results is demonstrated for a main landing gear tyre.

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Frendo, F., and W. Rosellini. "Experimental and numerical analysis of the roller-bench endurance test on a motorscooter." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 223, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto1026.

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This paper describes an activity aimed at analysing the loads occurring on a two-wheeler during one of the most widespread tests among two-wheeler companies. In this test, the vehicle with additional ballasts, is positioned on two rollers, having synchronized rotational speed, and is subjected to loads coming from obstacles positioned on the rollers' surface. In order to achieve an in-depth understanding of the loads produced by the test, a vehicle was provided with displacement transducers, accelerometers, and strain gauges. At the same time, two multi-body models of the test were set up, in which the motorscooter had a rigid frame or a flexible frame respectively. The dynamics of the tyre was reproduced by the rigid ring model, where the tyre interacts with the wheel rim by means of linear and rotational springs and dampers. The loads from the obstacles are evaluated on the basis of a series of experimental curves (envelope properties of the tyre) directly obtained with the tyres and obstacle employed for the tests. The comparison between experimental and numerical results regarding suspension strokes, wheel vertical accelerations, and vertical and longitudinal loads showed fairly good agreement; it is also shown how the model having the rigid frame overestimates the peaks in the vertical load. The availability of an accurate model for this kind of test in the early phase of the development process of new vehicles, allows the design of structural components to be optimized.

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Craighead, I. A. "Sensing tyre pressure, damper condition and wheel balance from vibration measurements." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526416.

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The majority of disturbance and control forces affecting a vehicle are transmitted through the tyre-ground interfaces. For optimum performance, components at each wheel station should be regularly inspected and maintained. Failure to maintain tyre pressures at correct levels results in increased tyre wear, increased fuel consumption, reduced ride comfort and degradation of vehicle handling. Worn dampers also reduce ride comfort and are detrimental to handling. Unbalanced wheels lead to vibration and wear in steering linkages. A system is proposed which will monitor these parameters while the vehicle is being driven in the normal way. The system is based upon measuring the vertical vibration at each wheel/axle station. Subsequent signal processing enables a dashboard indication of tyre pressures, damper effectiveness and wheel unbalance to be made available to the driver.

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Mikaliūnas, Šarūnas, Leonas Povilas Lingaitis, and Rimantas Subačius. "ANALYSIS OF LOCOMOTIVE WHEEL SETS WEARING." TRANSPORT 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2002): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483480.2002.10414003.

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Wearing dynamics of traction rolling-stock wheel tyres of diesel locomotives was investigated. Based on research results it is possible to predict wheel-tyre safety margin, to improve maintenance and state periodicity of repair, as well as to use traction rolling-stock repair funds most efficiently.

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Mikaliūnas, Šarūnas, Leonas Povilas Lingaitis, and Gediminas Vaičiūnas. "THE ANALYSIS OF WEAR INTENSITY OF LUBRICATED AND UNLUBRICATED LOCOMOTIVE WHEEL SETS FLANGES." TRANSPORT 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2004): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2004.9637950.

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The wear dynamics of wheel ‐ set tyres of diesel locomotives was investigated. Basing on research results it is possible to predict wheel‐tyre safety margin, to improve maintenance and to state the periodicity of repair, as well as most efficiently to use traction rolling‐stock repair funds.

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Duhoux, Yves. "Les roues mycéniennes de char: o-da-tweta, te-mi-dwe-ta, rota et rota+TE." Kadmos 60, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2021): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kadmos-2021-0004.

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Abstract The Linear B data, combined with archaeological, chronological and geographic facts, help to suggest some new solutions to problems linked with the inventories of Mycenaean chariot’s wheels. For instance, o-da-twe-ta and te-midwe- ta could mean respectively “with studded-tread” or “serrated” tyres and “with (special) tyre”. Etc.

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Soica, Adrian, Adrian Budala, Vlad Monescu, Slawomir Sommer, and Wojciech Owczarzak. "Method of estimating the rolling resistance coefficient of vehicle tyre using the roller dynamometer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 13 (June 3, 2020): 3194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020919546.

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The tendency in the past few years has been to introduce tyres with lower rolling resistance coefficients to the market. This paper presents a mathematical method for determining the rolling resistance coefficients variation depending on the speed. The method uses power balance which results from automobile dynamics while rolling on chassis dynamometer. The rolling resistance coefficients of tyres obtained through ‘drum test method’, for which the rolling resistance coefficients variation is known in terms of vehicle speed, are considered as reference values, while than rolling resistance coefficients of tyres obtained through ‘MAHA roller dynamometer’ using the recorded lost drag power in the roll-out phase on the stand are considered as tested values. The rolling resistance coefficients variation could be determined up to the maximum permissible speed of the tyre, for all wheels trained on the stand and not just for one tyre, as determined in laboratory conditions. The test conditions are similar to those in real road conditions, where the temperature of the environment and wheels cannot be controlled. The values obtained by the authors’ proposed method were compared with the values obtained by the ‘drum test method’. The main contribution of the proposed method is to estimate the rolling resistance coefficients without using a very expensive test facility.

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Vo, Dai Q., Hormoz Marzbani, Mohammad Fard, and Reza N. Jazar. "Variable caster steering in vehicle dynamics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 9 (October 17, 2017): 1270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017728650.

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When a car is cornering, its wheels usually lean away from the centre of rotation. This phenomenon decreases lateral force, limits tyre performance and eventually reduces the vehicle lateral grip capacity. This paper proposes a strategy for varying caster in the front suspension, thereby altering the wheel camber to counteract this outward inclination. The homogeneous transformation was utilised to develop the road steering wheel kinematics which includes the wheel camber with respect to the ground during a cornering manoeuvre. A variable caster scheme was proposed based on the kinematic analysis of the camber. A rollable vehicle model, along with a camber-included tyre force model, was constructed. MATLAB/Simulink was used to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle with and without the variable caster scheme. The results from step steer, ramp steer, and sinusoidal steer inputs simulations show that the outward leaning phenomenon of the steering wheels equipped with the variable caster, is reduced significantly. The corresponding lateral acceleration and yaw rate increase without compromising other handling characteristics. The actively controlled car, therefore, provides better lateral stability compared to the passive car. The tyre kinematic model and the vehicle dynamic model were validated using multibody and experimental data.

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Voronin, V. V., V. N. Kondrashov, and D. M. Timaev. "Mechanical properties of automotive tyres." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 4, no. 2 (January 20, 2010): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-69536.

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The paper considers mechanical characteristics of automotive tyres. The authors show that influence of lateral force on a wheel not only causes lateral deformation of the tyre, but also increases her normal deflection.

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Pokorski, Janusz, Hubert Sar, and Andrzej Reński. "INFLUENCE OF EXPLOITATION CONDITIONS ON ANTI-SKID PROPERTIES OF TYRES." Transport 34, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.10426.

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Tyre-to-road adhesion plays an important role when taking into account transmission of forces between tyres and road surface. It consequently influences vehicle safety. Moreover, it plays a significant role for modelling vehicle motion, which is often applied in the development of automotive active safety systems and in traffic accidents reconstruction. Furthermore, tyre-to-road adhesion properties are dependent on many factors. One of the factors is the type of tyre – summer or winter. This is the reason why it is justified to study the anti-slip properties of summer and winter tyres. This paper shows the method of measuring tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient. It is based on a skid resistance tester SRT-4 that consists of a special dynamometer trailer, towing vehicle and test-measuring equipment. It was designed to be applied in civil/road engineering and further developed. As a result, the SRT-4 system automatically obtains adhesion characteristics, such as the graph of tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient as a function of wheel slip ratio and velocity characteristics of peak adhesion coefficient. Results of the study present the above mentioned characteristics for different types of tyres (summer, winter) in different exploitation conditions. Differences between presented characteristics caused by tyre type and conditions of exploitation are shown. For example, for winter tyres we noticed that the peak value of adhesion coefficient was attained for higher values of slip ratio as compared with summer tyres.

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Bonera, Emanuele, Marco Gadola, Daniel Chindamo, Stefano Morbioli, and Paolo Magri. "On the Influence of Suspension Geometry on Steering Feedback." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 4297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124297.

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Feedback through the steering wheel is known as the most important source of information to the driver. The so-called steering feeling, composed of self-aligning actions coming from tyres and suspension geometry all the way through mechanical linkages to the driver’s hands, provides vital communication for intuitive driving, and it is therefore utterly important for safety and for a pleasant driving experience as well. Subtle forces and vibrations, due to the interaction between the tyre contact patch and the road surface texture, also play a role, provided they are not heavily filtered or cancelled by the power steering system. Human perception is guided by experience in order to establish correlations between steering feedback and vehicle motion in terms of straight-line stability, cornering speed, tyre adhesion and available friction, vehicle balance, and so on. A front-wheel drive car is potentially a critical vehicle from this point of view, especially when the powertrain can deliver large torque figures, and even more so if a limited-slip differential (LSD) or a similar active device is present in order to improve traction capabilities. Any difference between the two wheels in terms of tractive force can result into the so-called torque steer issue, that is to say, a “pulling” sensation on the steering wheel or a shifting of the vehicle from the desired trajectory. This paper analyses the torque steer phenomenon on an all-wheel-drive, full electric sportscar where a significant portion of the torque is transferred to the front axle. The effects of suspension kinematics and the load variation at tyre contact patch level are taken into account. For evaluating the impact of steering feedback, the VI-grade® simulation software is adopted and a test campaign on the professional driving simulator available at the University of Brescia has been carried out in order to understand the impact of steering feedback on driver perception and performance.

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Abrahám, R., R. Majdan, and R. Drlička. "Possibilities of improving the wheel tractor drive force transmission to soil." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, Special Issue (June 2, 2016): S37—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/26/2015-rae.

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The possibility of increasing maximal drawbar pull of tractor working on the soil was evaluated. The increase in drawbar pull occurred due to special wheels mounted on the drive axle. The special wheels were equipped with auto-extensible blades and designed at the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The main advantage of the special wheels is an automatic extension of steel blades to increase the drawbar pull during a wheel slip and automatic return to the base position to allow the transport of tractor by the route. The testing operation points at the decrease of wheel slip resulted in the increase of drawbar pull. The drawbar pull of tractor equipped with standard tyres and special wheels was compared in different soil moisture conditions. The higher increase in drawbar pull was measured during the tractor operation on the soil with higher moisture in comparison to the soil with lower moisture level.

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Zima, Radim, Rostislav Fajkoš, Krzysztof Karwala, and Maciej Michnej. "New generation of resilient wheels bonatrans for tram cars." Rail Vehicles, no. 2 (April 2, 2013): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53502/rail-139356.

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This papers deals with the new design of resilient wheels with high radial elasticity comparing another designs. The aim of this new wheel design is to increase passenger comfort and noise reduction during service of tram cars in cities. Tyre of the wheel is designed also as brake disc. In this paper will be describe also results of laboratory test of the wheel stiffness and comparison with previous wheel generation including other wheel parameters. Because primary role of the wheel is done by rubber segments also its results will be described.

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Bureika, Gintautas, and Šarūnas Mikaliūnas. "PECULIARITIES OF TRACTION FORCES IN WHEEL/RAIL CONTACT AREA." TRANSPORT 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2002): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483480.2002.10414004.

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Tractive force and train movement stability dependence on division of forces involved in wheel/rail contact area are the main subjects of this article. The influence of wheel/rail contact properties in the vehicle dynamics and adhesion fields is investigated. Current tendency all over the world is to reduce the conicity of wheels with the aim of increasing the speed of trains. Wave-length of moving wheel-set in track for worn wheel-set tyre is twice less than for new wheel running profile.

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Rivero, David, Guido F. Botta, Diogenes L. Antille, Alejandra Ezquerra-Canalejo, Fernando Bienvenido, and Mustafa Ucgul. "Tyre Configuration and Axle Load of Front-Wheel Assist and Four-Wheel Drive Tractors Effects on Soil Compaction and Rolling Resistance under No-Tillage." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2022): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111961.

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Selecting the appropriate tyre configuration and settings for heavy farm vehicles is important to ensure that soil compaction and power loss in rolling resistance are minimised and traction is optimised. This study investigated the effect of front-wheel assist (FWA, ≈75 kN) and four-wheel drive (4 WD, ≈100 kN) tractors fitted with different tyre configurations (single, dual), tyre sizes and inflation pressures on soil strength (a proxy for soil compaction), and rolling resistance. Single-pass tests were performed on a Typic Argiudoll (≈23% clay, bulk density: 1305 kg m−3) managed under permanent no-tillage. Results showed that average power losses in rolling resistance were 7.5 kN and 5 kN for the 4 WD and FWA tractors, respectively. The average rut depth increased by approximately 1.4 times after a pass of the 4 WD compared with the FWA tractor. The soil cone index (0–600 mm depth) increased from 2023 kPa (before traffic) to 2188 and 2435 kPa after single passes of the FWA and 4WD tractors, respectively (p < 0.05). At the centreline of the tyre rut, dual tyres reduced the soil cone index a little compared with single tyres, but they significantly increased the volume of soil over which soil strength, and therefore soil compaction, was increased. For both tractors (regardless of tyre configuration or settings), soil strength increased to the full measured depth (600 mm), but relative changes before vs. after traffic became progressively smaller with increased soil depth. The power loss in rolling resistance was consistently greater with the heavier tractor, and rut depth was directly related to tyre inflation pressure.

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Harrer, Johann, and Jörg Burghardt. "Wheels and Tyres." ATZextra worldwide 12, no. 1 (September 2007): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40111-007-0029-7.

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Emberger, Thomas, and Markus Huber. "Wheels and Tyres." ATZextra worldwide 13, no. 2 (June 2008): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40111-008-0060-3.

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Chica Lorenzo, Juan Diego. "WHEELS AND TYRES." ATZextra worldwide 15, no. 5 (June 2010): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40111-010-0196-9.

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Somvanshi, Mr Ajay. "Design and Analysis of Alloy Wheel." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36125.

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Importance of wheel in the automobile is obvious. The vehicle (car) may be towed without the engine but at the same time even that is not possible with out the wheels, the wheels along the tyre has to carry the vehicle load provide cushioning effect and cope steering control. The main requirement of automobile wheel it must be strong and perform all operations above functions. It should be balanced both statically as well as dynamically. It should be lightest possible so that the unsprung weight is least. The wheel has to pass three types of test before going production, they are cornering fatigue test. Radial fatigue test and Impact test. In this thesis radial fatigue analysis is done to find the number of cycles at which the wheel is going to fail. The wheel is meshed using SOLID 45 element. A load of 2500N was applied on the hub area of the wheel and a pressure of 0.207N/mm2 is applied on the surface of rim.

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Eto, Ryosuke, Tomoaki Satomi, and Hiroshi Takahashi. "Performance of Wheel-Typed Vehicle with Crawlers in Between Front and Rear Wheels on Soft Ground." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 26, no. 2 (April 20, 2014): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2014.p0261.

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A wheeled vehicle with crawlers between the front and back wheels has been developed in order to move swiftly over both soft ground and pavement. Vehicle trafficability on dry sand was evaluated in experiments, which clarified that its trafficability was greater than for wheels on dry sand alone.

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DiMaggio, S. J., and M. P. Bieniek. "Vehicle dynamics using a limit surface treatment of the tyre-road interface." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 212, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407981526019.

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A new method of dealing with the force-producing mechanism at the tyre—road interface is presented. The tyre model consists of a representation of the tyre elasticity and the relations between the interface forces and the contact patch displacement. These relations are described in terms of the ‘tyre limit surface’. The model appears to be capable of reproducing the tyre behaviour under both free-rolling and fully locked wheel conditions. A satisfactory agreement has been obtained between the available experimental data on the force versus slip parameters and the predictions of the present model. Applications to two problems of vehicle dynamics, oversteer versus understeer behaviour and motion with locked rear wheels, are presented.

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Artyomov, Nikolay, Mikhail Podrigalo, Aziz Abdulgazis, and Umer Abdulgazis. "Determination of output-input ratio of mobile machine wheeled mover." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 02101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402101.

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The output-input ratio of a car wheel depends on power losses induced by tyre deformation. Wheel static, kinematic and dynamic radii depend on the tyre deformation radii and, consequently, predefine the mover output-input ratio. This article proposes a method to asses an instantaneous output-input ratio of a wheeled mover as a ratio between a wheel kinematic radius and dynamic radius on the basis of the analysis of the previously conducted research.

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Ji, Yuanjin, and Lihui Ren. "Anti-overturning capacity and critical roll angle of straddling monorail vehicle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 23 (January 15, 2018): 4420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217753234.

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Straddling monorail vehicles are a new rail transportation mode in which the bearing, running, and guiding rely on rubber tyre running gears. Since the lateral span of the running wheel is small, stabilizing wheels are added to enhance the anti-overturning capacity, which is influenced by the contact between the stability wheels and track beam. If one stabilizing wheel loses contact with the track beam, the tendency to overturn increases significantly. To ensure the straddling monorail vehicle has a stable anti-overturning capacity, an initial preload pressure is applied to the all stabilizing wheels and guiding wheels. The specific preload pressure of the stabilizing and guiding wheels is a unique issue of straddling monorail vehicles. This paper deduced a flexible coefficient formula of straddling monorail vehicles, validated the accuracy of the flexible coefficient formula based on dynamics simulations, and discussed the correlation between the flexibility coefficient and stabilizing wheel contact conditions. According to the variation regularity of the anti-overturning capacity of straddling monorail vehicles, the concept of vehicle critical roll angle was proposed. The calculation formula of the critical roll angle of straddling monorail vehicles was determined, and its accuracy was validated by dynamics simulations. Based on the above fundamentals, a functional relationship between the critical roll angle and stabilizing wheel preload pressure was derived. This paper proposed that the value of stabilizing wheel preload pressure should be reasonably determined according to the critical roll angle and discussed the maximum and minimum speed limit of curve negotiating.

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Czarnecki, Jarosław, Marek Brennensthul, Włodzimierz Białczyk, Weronika Ptak, and Łukasz Gil. "Analysis of Traction Properties and Power of Wheels Used on Various Agricultural Soils." Agricultural Engineering 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2019-0002.

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AbstractThe paper presents results of the research on traction properties of two tractor tyres used on two agricultural grounds. The first ground was a stubble and the second one cropland. The investigated tyres had the same structure (diagonal, with a traditional tyre tread but different external dimensions. The research was carried out in field conditions with the use of a stand aggregated with a farm tractor. Analysis covered traction efficiency, slide, towing power and power lost on the rolling resistance and wheel slide. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that on a ground with lower compaction, the values of power losses were higher and traction efficiency was lower. Moreover, it was proved that the value of the power lost for rolling resistance had a decisive impact on the values of traction efficiency

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Hryciów, Zdzisław, Andrzej Wiśniewski, Piotr Rybak, and Tomasz Tarnożek. "Assessment of the effect of passenger car wheel unbalance on driving comfort." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 94, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol94.art5.

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This paper presents the results of experimental investigations of the effects of car wheel unbalance on driving safety and comfort. Basic information about types of wheel unbalance, their causes, and effects are included. The test subject was a BMW 3 Series car with rear-wheel drive. A specific unbalance was introduced on the front steered wheels. The vehicle was driven in a straight line on an asphalt road in good condition at speeds between 70 km/h and 140 km/h. During the test runs, acceleration waveforms were recorded from sensors placed on the lower control arm, driver's seat, and steering wheel. The vibration level of the unbalanced wheel increases with the driving speed and with the increase in unbalance. The highest increase in vibration amplitude occurred on the steering wheel at speeds between 100 km/h and 120 km/h. These vibrations have a direct effect on the driver. This is evidenced by negative driver perceptions such as fatigue and driving discomfort. This was also confirmed by the calculated vibration exposure levels. Driving with unbalanced wheels accelerates wear on the tyres, steering, drive, and suspension components of the vehicle.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tyred wheels'

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