Academic literature on the topic 'TYRE CRUMBS'
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Journal articles on the topic "TYRE CRUMBS"
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Maddalena, Riccardo. "Freeze/Thaw Resistance of Mortar with Recycled Tyre Waste at Varying Particle Sizes." Materials 16, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031301.
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There is a growing concern for finding alternative solutions to construction materials in order to minimise their environmental impact as well as enhancing their service life. This study investigated the durability of cementitious mortars prepared by replacing fine aggregate (sand) with recycled tyre shreds and crumbs, aiming at providing an alternative outlet to tyre waste disposal. Tyre shreds obtained at different particle sizes, from fibres of 0.5–5.0 mm to crumbs of 0.1–0.85 mm in diameter, were used as fine aggregate replacement at 20% by volume. The strength of the mortar samples, their thermal conductivity and their water absorption rate were tested at the age of 28 days and after 20 freeze/thaw cycles. The results showed that the mortar containing tyre crumbs at lower particle sizes resulted in negligible shrinkage, improved freeze/thaw resistance, a reduced water absorption by up to 52% and an improved thermal resistivity.
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Kabade, Kushappa M., Bhagyashree Shinde, Akshata Beerappagol, Swarnakavya Rothod, and Sumalata Desai. "Experimental Investigation on Black Cotton Soil Mixed with Tyre Waste." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 4104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43340.
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Abstract: Expansive soil or black cotton soil are one of the problematic soil. Settlement of the structure, cracking in the different component of the structure etc. are some major problems caused in the structure constructed over such soil. The Stabilization is process done for improvement of existing soil by using an admixture. Rubber crumbs can be treated as admixture. The potential of using rubber from warm tyres in many civil engineering works has been studied for more than 30 years. Applications where tyres can be used have proven to be effective in protecting the environment and conserving natural resources. Hence in this study attempt is made study to behaviour of black cotton soil using rubber crumbs in terms of stability behaviour. Keywords: Black cotton soil, Rubber crumbs.
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Kabade, Kushappa M., Bhagyashree Shinde, Akshata Beerappagol, Swarnakavya Rothod, and Sumalata Desai. "Experimental Investigation on Black Cotton Soil Mixed with Tyre Waste." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 4104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43340.
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Abstract: Expansive soil or black cotton soil are one of the problematic soil. Settlement of the structure, cracking in the different component of the structure etc. are some major problems caused in the structure constructed over such soil. The Stabilization is process done for improvement of existing soil by using an admixture. Rubber crumbs can be treated as admixture. The potential of using rubber from warm tyres in many civil engineering works has been studied for more than 30 years. Applications where tyres can be used have proven to be effective in protecting the environment and conserving natural resources. Hence in this study attempt is made study to behaviour of black cotton soil using rubber crumbs in terms of stability behaviour. Keywords: Black cotton soil, Rubber crumbs.
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binti Salehuddin, Shamshinar, Nur Liza Rahim, Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim, Siti Aza Nurdiana Tajri, and Mohd Zuhaidi Zainol Abidin. "The Behaviour of Rubber Tyre as Fine Aggregate in Concrete Mix." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.427.
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Usage of waste materials as concrete mixture can reduce the waste management crisis in the world. Used tyres were widely researched as an alternative source of aggregates replacement in concrete mixture. This research is to study the behaviour of concrete incorporating rubber tyre crumb as fine aggregate replacement. The workability, compression strength and water absorption of this concrete will be determined and then compared to normal concrete. Motorcycle inner tube will be used as rubber source and it will be shredded to crumbs. Three samples of concrete with rubber as fine aggregates were prepared. Rubber crumbs will be used to replace fine aggregates in 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% in mass. Normal concrete were prepared separately as control for comparison. Concrete mixture of 1:2:4 and 0.5 of water cement ratio were used. Slump test were done to test the workability of each mix. Twelve sample cubes from (150mm x 150mm x 150mm) each mix were prepared and cured for 7, 14 and 28 days. Compression tests were performed for each mix cube at age 7, 14 and 28 days. Water absorption test were done at age 28 days. Results revealed that rubberized concrete has better workability than normal concrete. They also have smaller compressive value and higher water absorption compared to normal concrete.
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Kablov, V. F., A. V. Perfil'ev, V. P. Shabanova, and A. A. Perfil'ev. "An Alternative Technology for the Manufacture of Rubber Articles from Motor Vehicle Tyre Recycling Products." International Polymer Science and Technology 45, no. 4 (April 2018): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1804500407.
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The prospects of using powder technology to manufacture rubber articles and the features of different variants of powder technology using powder and block rubbers are considered. Examples of the practical use of powder technology at enterprises of the rubber industry are given. Powder press technology for the manufacture of rubber articles from rubber crumbs obtained by recycling used tyres is presented. Variants for the activation of composites to be pressed are examined. It is shown that the use of microwave radiation to activate rubber crumbs directly before the manufacture of articles from them makes it possible to produce products with improved properties. The strength of vulcanisates obtained from rubber crumbs activated by microwave radiation is 30% higher owing to the fact that, in the case of microwave heating, the rubber crumbs are heated evenly throughout the article and there is a considerable reduction in the vulcanisation time. Powder press technology is recommended for the manufacture of various moulded rubber articles at small enterprises not possessing standard rubber mixers.
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Kashani, Alireza, Tuan Duc Ngo, Priyan Mendis, Jay R. Black, and Ailar Hajimohammadi. "A sustainable application of recycled tyre crumbs as insulator in lightweight cellular concrete." Journal of Cleaner Production 149 (April 2017): 925–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.154.
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Imteaz, Monzur Alam, Arul Arulrajah, Suksun Horpibulsuk, and Amimul Ahsan. "Environmental Suitability and Carbon Footprint Savings of Recycled Tyre Crumbs for Road Applications." International Journal of Environmental Research 12, no. 5 (August 2, 2018): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41742-018-0126-7.
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Grinys, Audrius, Henrikas Sivilevičius, and Mindaugas Daukšys. "TYRE RUBBER ADDITIVE EFFECT ON CONCRETE MIXTURE STRENGTH." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 18, no. 3 (June 29, 2012): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.693536.
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This article describes the observed and examined effect of crumb rubber on the strength (compressive, bending and splitting tensile) of concrete. The tests have shown that the change in the strength of concrete with crumb rubber waste additives can be forecasted from exponential equations. These relationships enable to foresee the regularities of strength properties when a certain amount of crumb rubber of a certain size fraction is added to concrete. The obtained exponential equations show that concrete compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths decrease with increasing crumbed rubber additive amount. The testing has also shown that the addition of a small amount of crumbed rubber slightly increases (7%) the tensile splitting strength. The reason is better adhesion of the cement stone with rubber particles compared to the adhesion of sand, which was replaced by crumbed rubber. With higher content of crumbed rubber additive in the concrete, the tensile splitting strength decreases due to the significant increase of entrained air content and lower density.
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Fernández-Peláez, Juan, Priscila Guerra, Cristina Gallego, and Manuel Gomez. "Physical Properties of Flours Obtained from Wasted Bread Crusts and Crumbs." Foods 10, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020282.
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One third of the food produced in the world is wasted. Bread is one of the most wasted foods both during the distribution process and in households. To use these breads, it is necessary to get to know the properties of the flours that can be obtained from them. The purpose of this work is to know how the type of bread and its zone (crumb or crust) influence the characteristics of the flours obtained from the wasted bread. For this, flours made from the crumbs and crusts of eight different breads have been analysed. Their hydration properties, cold and post-heating rheology and gelling properties as well as the colour of flours and gels have been studied. Bread flours present higher water-holding capacity (WHC) and water-binding capacity (WBC) values and higher elastic modulus (G’) and viscous modulus (G”) values, both in cold conditions and after heating, than wheat flours. However, they generate weaker gels. Crust flours, and the gels obtained from them, are darker than those from crumbs and their gels. In terms of hydration and rheology, pan and wholemeal bread flours are generally lower than other bread flours. These flours also generate softer gels, possibly caused by the dilution of starch with other components. It can be concluded that the properties shown by wasted bread flours allow them to be reintroduced in the food chain as an ingredient in different products.
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Bandyopadhyay, S., S. Dasgupta, N. Mandal, S. L. Agrawal, S. K. Mandot, R. Mukhopadhyay, A. S. Deuri, and Suresh C. Ameta. "Use of Recycled Tyre Material in Natural Rubber based Tyre Tread Cap Compound: Part I (with Ground Crumb Rubber)." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 21, no. 4 (November 2005): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060502100404.
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For both environmental and economic reasons, there is a continuing broad-based interest in the recycling of scrap rubber and therefore in the development of recycling technologies. In the present work three different sizes of mechanically ground Indian crumb rubbers were used in a natural rubber (NR) based tyre tread cap compound. Varying doses of crumb rubber were used as an additional compounding ingredient. The minimum torque and Mooney viscosity values were marginally increased with increasing dose and mesh size of crumb rubber. In a Rubber Process Analyser (RPA) study, the Payne effect before curing was marginally higher for compounds containing crumb rubber, while, after curing a comparable Payne effect was observed with respect to the control compound without having crumb rubber. A marginal deterioration in tensile strength, fatigue to failure and abrasion properties was observed. At all levels of usage, the 100 mesh size ground crumb rubber retained the properties better than other lower mesh size crumb rubbers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TYRE CRUMBS"
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GARG, AISHWARYA KUMAR. "A STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF WASTE RUBBER TYRE CRUMBS ON STRENTH OF SOIL." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2019. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18824.
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Tyres used in automobile industries get converted into waste tyres as soon as their treads are worn out. Hence, every year there is an increase in the waste tyres worldwide. As a result, their disposal has become one of the major environmental problems. Millions of discarded tyres are rejected in large piles across the land of a territory as well as dumped in large amount in the landfills every year. These are a threat to the environment because they lead to environmental pollution as well as have a potential to cause fire and health hazards. Being light in weight and having low density as compared to other waste materials, they require a larger volume of landfills. Therefore, the effective re-utilization of waste tyres has attracted the researchers towards itself since the last 2-3 decades. Worn out tyres can be used in a number of ways to reduce environmental problems. Some studies have shown that such tyres in the form of shreds and chips provide a lightweight construction material which generally improves the engineering properties of soils, such as strength, bearing capacity, and CBR values. In the present study an attempt has been made to use the waste rubber tyre crumbs which are small shredded pieces of waste rubber tyres coming to the workshop from dump yards. The crumbs were passed through I.S. 2.8 mm sieve (coarse-grained tyre crumbs) and added in soil samples in proportions of 4%, 8%, 12% and 16% by weight of soil measured dry. OMC and MDD of all the soil-tyre crumb mixtures were determined using heavy compaction and the mixtures were tested for un-soaked CBR values. The test results indicated an improvement in the CBR value at varying proportions of tyre crumbs, 8% being witnessed to report an overall increment of 17.28 (i.e., 122.6% increase) in the CBR value of the soil taken which showed similarity to some previous researches done and supports the method of re-utilizing the cheap waste tyre crumbs as a soil stabilizer which may be useful, for example, in reducing the thickness of filling material required in construction works and the thickness of pavements. For determining shear strength, Unconfined Compressive Strength test was performed on the clayey soil. The crumbs were passed through I.S. 2 mm sieve (medium-grained tyre crumbs) and added in soil samples in proportions of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% by weight of soil measured dry. The test results indicated an overall increase in the UCS value as well as shear strength value by 19.25% which were very much similar to those obtained in previous studies. This proves the rubber tyre crumbs to be an effective fill material in back-fills behind retaining structures, bridge abutments and highway embankments.
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Further, geo-chemical analysis of the test materials and their composite mixture was done. This includes SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy). The SEM test resulted that the morphology of the tyre crumbs was such that fibers similar to the follicles of hair were depicted which bind the soil with the rubber crumbs for long. XRD patterns showed amorphous and crystalline behavior of the samples and also some major minerals found therein. Bonds were identified by FTIR analysis which showed that the compounds found in the soil and rubber tyre individually were also present in the composite of the two. Thus, the stabilization of soil with rubber tyre crumbs can be said to be beneficial in an overall context.
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Awan, Abdul Basir. "Development of Recycled tyre-bale and Recycled tyre Crumb Sandwich Panels." Thesis, Curtin University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/89341.
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This research largely focused on investigating the structural behaviour of recycled tyre-bale and recycled tyre crumb sandwich panels with an aim to promote the reuse of waste tyres in structural engineering applications. Experimental, numerical and theoretical methodologies are implemented to establish the best performing sandwich panels and verified their static and dynamic load capacities. The research findings encourage the use of recycled tyre-bale and crumb sandwich panels as structural and non-structural members in infrastructure projects.
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Ghasemi, Navid. "Rheology of bituminous mastics and mortars containing crumb rubber from tyres: a novel dry-hybrid technology." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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This report studied the effect of crumb rubber in the asphalt mixture. The mixtures were also having limestone filler as a modifier. Mastic and mortar (mastic-fine aggregate system) mixture having different quantities of crumb rubber and limestone filler modifiers have been tested in order to find the best rutting resistance combination with an acceptable stiffness. The rheological tests on bituminous mastics and mortars have done in the laboratories in Nottingham Transport Engineering Centre (NTEC) and University of Bologna (DICAM).
In the second chapter, an extensive literature review about the binders, additives, asphalt mixtures, various modelling and testing methods have been reviewed. In the third chapter, the physical and rheological properties of the binders have been investigated using both traditional devices and DSRs. The forth chapter is dedicated to finding the behaviour of the modified mastics (Binder-modifier system) with different combinations. Five different combinations of crumb rubber and limestone filler mastic tested with various methods using Dynamic Shear Rheometers.
In the fifth chapter, in order to find the effect of the modifiers in the rheological properties of the complete asphalt mixture, the fine aggregates added to the same mastic combinations. In this phase, the behaviour of the system so-called mortar; binder, rubber, filler and fine aggregates) has been studied using the DSR device and the traditional tests.
The results show that using fine crumb rubber reduces the thermo sensibility of the mastic (Binder Bitumen System) and improves its elasticity. Limestone filler in the other hand increases the mixture stiffness at high Frequencies.
Another important outcome of this research was that the rheological properties of the mortars were following the same trend of the mastics, therefore study the rheological properties of the mastic gives an upright estimation of the mortar.
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Artamendi, Ignacio. "A fundamental study into wet process modification of paving binders and mixtures by crumb rubber from used tyres." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400195.
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Fricke, Kristina [Verfasser]. "Differences in the key flavor compounds of crumb-type milk chocolate and continental milk chocolate with special emphasis on drivers of creaminess / Kristina Fricke." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114957982X/34.
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Venturucci, Filippo. "Innovative Infrastructures for Sustainable Mobility in Urban Areas: Protective Asphalt to Prevent Vulnerable Road Users Injuries." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Nell’elaborato viene studiato il fenomeno dell’incidentalità singola delle utenze deboli sulla strada (perdita di controllo, scivolamento ecc..ecc..), con particolare enfasi nell’analizzare le conseguenze traumatiche dovute all’impatto con la superficie stradale. Una nuova tecnologia viene sviluppata per rendere le pavimentazioni di piste ciclabili, marciapiedi e zone pedonali con capacità di assorbimento degli impatti, prevenendo, o riducendo drasticamente, la probabilità e entità di eventi traumatici a seguito di una caduta. Attraverso una stesa di prova avvenuta ad Imola (BO), si sono analizzate e risolte le problematiche dovute alle discrepanze riscontrate fra “costruzione” in laboratorio e costruzione nella realtà urbana. La nuova tecnologia, infatti, è stata studiata come “construction-friendly”, permettendo alle società di costruzione e pavimentazione di stendere il nuovo manto protettivo con strumenti e macchinari tradizionali. Infine l’asfalto modificato è stato testato nei laboratori svedesi del KTH – Royal Institute of Technology per provarne l’efficacia in termini di assorbimento degli impatti. Nel “Drop Impact Test”, test specifico per l’approvazione dei caschi protettivi da bicicletta, l’asfalto modificato ha performato ben al di sotto della soglia di approvazione dei caschi da ciclista, e si colloca in un range di valore di accelerazione lineare perfino al di sotto della soglia di “Low Risk of Injuries”. La nuova tecnologia, inoltre, fa utilizzo di gomma granulata riciclata da pneumatici fuori uso. Tale dettaglio conferisce maggiore sostenibilità al progetto: oltre all’utilizzo di legante a freddo, che diminuisce le emissioni di CO2, e di incentivare l’utilizzo della mobilità dolce attraverso una più sicura rete infrastrutturale, l’utilizzo di gomma riciclata dà nuova vita al materiale che altrimenti andrebbe in discarica e prolunga, così, la vita utile del materiale.
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Landry, Raphaëlle. "Type de modes de gestion des crues saisonnières et leurs impacts sur la relation entre le climat et les débits en aval des barrages au Québec (Canada)." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7308/1/030619161.pdf.
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Zamorano, Cantó Manuel. "INVESTIGACIÓN CON FIBRA RECICLADA DE NEUMÁTICO (F.R.N.) PARA APLICACIONES ACÚSTICAS." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/61972.
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[EN] The behaviour of different types of textile fibres, obtained from extraction and separation methods in the recycling processes of ELT (End of life tyres) (from now on "fluff"), as acoustic absorbent material has been studied in this research work.
This work is a starting point for the study of the use of this type of materials in architectural acoustics applications.
Experimental design was used to study the relevance of the forming conditions: pressure, time and temperature variables. The adjustment of the manufacturing variables: different temperature range, curing time, fluff mass variation, and compaction factor were studied in order to investigate the relation of these parameters to the acoustic intrinsic properties: porosity, tortuosity and air flow permeability. The objective was to achieve the best conditions in the production of panels with the best sound absorbent qualities within the widest frequencies rank.
The production process was carried out by using an octahedral mould, made up of the enclosed body covered by a piston-like lid with downward-upward trajectory. Inside the mould a specific mass of fibres was homogeneously displayed, and then it was placed in a press with heated plates, using the piston to compress the fibres until the established level of pressure. Panels were obtained by applying the precise heating energy in order to reach the required temperature for each particular sample and remaining in these conditions during the fixed time.[ES] En este trabajo estudiamos el comportamiento como absorbentes acústicos de diferentes clases de fibras textiles, provenientes de métodos de extracción y separación en el reciclado de neumáticos fuera de uso, en adelante (fluff). El trabajo es un punto de partida en el estudio de este tipo de materiales para su uso en aplicaciones de acústica arquitectónica. Mediante diseño de experimentos, se estudia la influencia de las condiciones de conformación: presión, tiempo, temperatura, masa de fluff. Aplicando unas variables en los parámetros de conformado, variación de temperatura, variación de tiempo de exposición, variación de la masa de fluff, y variación del factor de conformación a fin de estudiar la relación de estos parámetros y las propiedades intrínsecas acústicas: porosidad, tortuosidad, permeabilidad al flujo de aire. Consiguiendo las condiciones más optimas, para la posterior conformación de un panel que obtenga las mejores cualidades absorbentes del sonido, en el mayor rango de frecuencias. El proceso de conformado, se ha llevado a cabo mediante un molde ortoédrico, compuesto por el seno, cubierto por una tapadera tipo pistón descendente en el cual, se han dispuesto homogéneamente una determinada masa de fibras, el molde ha sido situado en una prensa con platos calefactores. Comprimiendo las fibras mediante el descenso del pistón hasta el nivel establecido, aplicándoles energía calorífica, hasta obtener la temperatura indicada en cada muestra, permaneciendo en estas condiciones durante un tiempo determinado.
[CA] En aquest treball estudiem el comportament com a absorbents acústics de diferents classes de fibres tèxtils provinents de mètodes d'extracció i separació en el reciclat de pneumàtics fora d'ús, d'ara endavant (fluff). El treball és un punt de partida en l'estudi d'aquest tipus de materials per al seu ús en aplicacions d'acústica arquitectònica. Mitjançant disseny d'experiments s'estudia la influència de les condicions de conformació: pressió, temps, temperatura, aplicant unes variables en els paràmetres de conformat, variació de temperatura, variació de temps d'exposició, variació de la massa de fluff, i variació del factor de conformació a fi d'estudiar la relació d'aquests paràmetres i les propietats intrínseques acústiques porositat, tortuositat, permeabilitat al flux d'aire, aconseguint les condicions més optimes per a la posterior conformació d'un panell que obtinga les millors qualitats absorbents del so, en el major rang de freqüències. El procés de conformat s'ha dut a terme mitjançant un motle ortoedre, compost pel si cobert per una tapadora tipus pistó descendent en el qual s'han disposat homogèniament una determinada massa de fibres, el motle ha sigut situat en una premsa amb plats calefactors, comprimint les fibres mitjançant el descens del pistó fins al nivell establert, aplicant-los energia calorífica fins a obtenir la temperatura indicada en cada mostra romanent en aquestes condicions durant un temps determinat.
Zamorano Cantó, M. (2016). INVESTIGACIÓN CON FIBRA RECICLADA DE NEUMÁTICO (F.R.N.) PARA APLICACIONES ACÚSTICAS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61972
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Manohar, D. R. "Charaterization of Sand-Rubber Mixture and Numerical Analysis for Vibration Isolation." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3150.
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Scrap tyres provide numerous advantages from the viewpoint of civil engineering practices. Scrap tyres are light weight, have high vibration absorption, high elastic compressibility, high hydraulic conductivity, and temperature isolation potential. Scrap tyres have a thermal resistivity that is about seven times higher than soil; they produce low earth pressure and absorb vibrations. Many new techniques have emerged with time to utilize these advantageous characteristics for practical purposes in civil engineering. Though current reuse and recovery of scrap tyres has reduced the amount of landfills, but still there is a need for developing additional practices for the reuse of scrap tyres. Moreover, most of present practices do not use its vibration absorption capacity efficiently. To use the scrap tyres as individual material or mixed with soil in civil engineering applications, the systematic understanding of static and dynamic properties of sand-rubber mixtures (SRM) are of prime importance. In the present study an attempt has been made to characterize the SRM to use them as low-cost isolation material for low-to-medium rise buildings.
Proposal of this isolation system using SRM is addressed in this study in four parts; in the first part, the estimation of shear strength and volumetric characteristics of the SRM were carried out. A total of seven different rubber sizes (six sizes of granulated rubber; 2 - 1 mm; 4.75 - 2 mm; 5.6 - 4.75 mm; 8 - 5.6 mm; 8 - 9.5 mm; 12.5 - 9.5 mm and one size of tyre chips; 20 - 12.5 mm) were considered for characterizing the SRM, and the rubber size which has higher shear strength characteristics is identified as optimum size for further studies. Second part deals with the effect of reinforcement on SRM with higher rubber content (50% and 75% rubber by volume). In the third part, dynamic properties of selected SRM combination with and without reinforcement were generated from experimental studies. In the last part, the numerical analysis was carried out using finite element program Strand7 to find out optimum dimension of proposed isolation scheme and reduction of spectral accelerations. In addition, the laboratory model tests were also carried out on square footing supported on unreinforced and reinforced SRM. The relative performances of reinforcement on settlement characteristics of SRM for 50% and 75% SRM have been compared with unreinforced SRM.
Engineering behaviour of SRM has been studied by considering different rubber sizes and compositions by carrying out large scale direct shear test and Unconsolidated Undrained (UU) triaxial test. The shear strength characteristics such as peak shear stress, cohesion, friction angle, secant/elastic modulus, volumetric strain, failure and ultimate strength, ductility/brittleness index, and energy absorption capacity of sand and SRM were determined. The optimum percentage rubber content based on maximum shear strength and energy absorption capacity has been arrived. The granulated rubber size (12.5 - 9.5 mm) and percentage ratio, 30% by volume is found to be optimum size and content, which gives the maximum energy absorption capacity and lower brittleness index values compared to other rubber sizes. This chapter also describes the applicability of concept of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to identify an approximate response surface model from experimental investigations on the engineering properties of sand and SRM. The experimental data were quantitatively analyzed by multiple regression models by correlating response variables with input variables in this study.
To consume more tyres in SRM, rubber mix of 50 % and 75 % mixes are studied and these SRM results in lower shear strength and higher volume change when compared to 30 % SRM. To improve shear strength and reduce compressibility, geosynthetic reinforcement study has been carried out for 50% and 75% rubber by volume. Here geotextile, geogrid and geonets were used as reinforcement and number of layers and spacing between layers were varied. Finally type of reinforcement, number of layers and optimum spacing are arrived for the optimum rubber size of 12.5 - 9.5 mm for reinforced SRM. This study found that 4 layers with equal spacing of geotextile for 50 % SRM and geonet for 75 % SRM shows better strength when compared to other combinations.
Further dynamic properties such as shear modulus and damping values at different strain level are estimated for red soil, sand, 30 % SRM and unreinforced and reinforced 50 % and 75 % SRM by carrying out resonant column tests and cyclic triaxial tests. The normalized shear modulus and damping ratio curves have been developed for these materials. The experimental results indicate that, shear modulus increases for 30% rubber by volume when compared to sand, thereafter the shear modulus values decreased with a further increase in rubber content in SRM. Whereas the damping ratio increases with increasing rubber content in SRM. For sand and SRM, with an increase in confining pressure shear modulus increases and damping ratio decreases. Based on the comprehensive set of experimental results, a modified hyperbolic model has been proposed. These properties are further used in the numerical analysis to find out the effectiveness of SRM as isolation material.
Numerical dynamic analysis has been carried out on a 2-D finite element model of the soil-foundation-structure system. The building model has been generated considering the typical G+2 building resting on 20 m thick soil followed by rock depth and foundation is placed at 2.0 m below ground level. The beams and columns in the superstructure are modeled using 2-D frame elements. The soil column has been modeled using 4-noded 2-D plane strain plate elements. Considering the transmitting boundary condition, viscous dampers are implemented at the base of the computational soil domain in order to mitigate the reflective effects of waves. The Newmark family method (average acceleration method) has been used to calculate the displacement, velocity and acceleration vectors. Comprehensive numerical simulations have been carried out on the soil-foundation-structure system by varying rubber content in SRM (30%, 50% and 75% granulated rubber by volume), depth and thickness of SRM around footing and considering two input earthquake acceleration time history. It was found that earthquake vibrations are considerably reduced for SRM with higher rubber content. The optimum dimension of SRM giving maximum reduction in shaking level is found to be 3B below the footing and 0.75B (where B is the width of footing) on the side of the footing. Generally, the shaking levels at different floor can be reduced by 30-50%, with the use of 75% SRM. The results also indicated that the effectiveness of proposed system would depend on the characteristics of ground motion. To study the bearing capacity of square footing on SRM, laboratory model tests were carried out on square footing supported on unreinforced and reinforced SRM. The SRM combination which have been used for numerical studies are used in this model studies to know the bearing capacity and settlement characteristics. The optimum dimension of SRM around footing has been constructed. Model tests results show that, the bearing capacity decreases and settlement increases steadily with the increase in rubber content in SRM. Addition of reinforcement to SRM significantly improved the bearing capacity and reduced settlement characteristics. Reinforced SRM may be used as an effective low cost isolation scheme to reduce earthquake vibrations.
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Manohar, D. R. "Charaterization of Sand-Rubber Mixture and Numerical Analysis for Vibration Isolation." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/3150.
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Scrap tyres provide numerous advantages from the viewpoint of civil engineering practices. Scrap tyres are light weight, have high vibration absorption, high elastic compressibility, high hydraulic conductivity, and temperature isolation potential. Scrap tyres have a thermal resistivity that is about seven times higher than soil; they produce low earth pressure and absorb vibrations. Many new techniques have emerged with time to utilize these advantageous characteristics for practical purposes in civil engineering. Though current reuse and recovery of scrap tyres has reduced the amount of landfills, but still there is a need for developing additional practices for the reuse of scrap tyres. Moreover, most of present practices do not use its vibration absorption capacity efficiently. To use the scrap tyres as individual material or mixed with soil in civil engineering applications, the systematic understanding of static and dynamic properties of sand-rubber mixtures (SRM) are of prime importance. In the present study an attempt has been made to characterize the SRM to use them as low-cost isolation material for low-to-medium rise buildings.
Proposal of this isolation system using SRM is addressed in this study in four parts; in the first part, the estimation of shear strength and volumetric characteristics of the SRM were carried out. A total of seven different rubber sizes (six sizes of granulated rubber; 2 - 1 mm; 4.75 - 2 mm; 5.6 - 4.75 mm; 8 - 5.6 mm; 8 - 9.5 mm; 12.5 - 9.5 mm and one size of tyre chips; 20 - 12.5 mm) were considered for characterizing the SRM, and the rubber size which has higher shear strength characteristics is identified as optimum size for further studies. Second part deals with the effect of reinforcement on SRM with higher rubber content (50% and 75% rubber by volume). In the third part, dynamic properties of selected SRM combination with and without reinforcement were generated from experimental studies. In the last part, the numerical analysis was carried out using finite element program Strand7 to find out optimum dimension of proposed isolation scheme and reduction of spectral accelerations. In addition, the laboratory model tests were also carried out on square footing supported on unreinforced and reinforced SRM. The relative performances of reinforcement on settlement characteristics of SRM for 50% and 75% SRM have been compared with unreinforced SRM.
Engineering behaviour of SRM has been studied by considering different rubber sizes and compositions by carrying out large scale direct shear test and Unconsolidated Undrained (UU) triaxial test. The shear strength characteristics such as peak shear stress, cohesion, friction angle, secant/elastic modulus, volumetric strain, failure and ultimate strength, ductility/brittleness index, and energy absorption capacity of sand and SRM were determined. The optimum percentage rubber content based on maximum shear strength and energy absorption capacity has been arrived. The granulated rubber size (12.5 - 9.5 mm) and percentage ratio, 30% by volume is found to be optimum size and content, which gives the maximum energy absorption capacity and lower brittleness index values compared to other rubber sizes. This chapter also describes the applicability of concept of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to identify an approximate response surface model from experimental investigations on the engineering properties of sand and SRM. The experimental data were quantitatively analyzed by multiple regression models by correlating response variables with input variables in this study.
To consume more tyres in SRM, rubber mix of 50 % and 75 % mixes are studied and these SRM results in lower shear strength and higher volume change when compared to 30 % SRM. To improve shear strength and reduce compressibility, geosynthetic reinforcement study has been carried out for 50% and 75% rubber by volume. Here geotextile, geogrid and geonets were used as reinforcement and number of layers and spacing between layers were varied. Finally type of reinforcement, number of layers and optimum spacing are arrived for the optimum rubber size of 12.5 - 9.5 mm for reinforced SRM. This study found that 4 layers with equal spacing of geotextile for 50 % SRM and geonet for 75 % SRM shows better strength when compared to other combinations.
Further dynamic properties such as shear modulus and damping values at different strain level are estimated for red soil, sand, 30 % SRM and unreinforced and reinforced 50 % and 75 % SRM by carrying out resonant column tests and cyclic triaxial tests. The normalized shear modulus and damping ratio curves have been developed for these materials. The experimental results indicate that, shear modulus increases for 30% rubber by volume when compared to sand, thereafter the shear modulus values decreased with a further increase in rubber content in SRM. Whereas the damping ratio increases with increasing rubber content in SRM. For sand and SRM, with an increase in confining pressure shear modulus increases and damping ratio decreases. Based on the comprehensive set of experimental results, a modified hyperbolic model has been proposed. These properties are further used in the numerical analysis to find out the effectiveness of SRM as isolation material.
Numerical dynamic analysis has been carried out on a 2-D finite element model of the soil-foundation-structure system. The building model has been generated considering the typical G+2 building resting on 20 m thick soil followed by rock depth and foundation is placed at 2.0 m below ground level. The beams and columns in the superstructure are modeled using 2-D frame elements. The soil column has been modeled using 4-noded 2-D plane strain plate elements. Considering the transmitting boundary condition, viscous dampers are implemented at the base of the computational soil domain in order to mitigate the reflective effects of waves. The Newmark family method (average acceleration method) has been used to calculate the displacement, velocity and acceleration vectors. Comprehensive numerical simulations have been carried out on the soil-foundation-structure system by varying rubber content in SRM (30%, 50% and 75% granulated rubber by volume), depth and thickness of SRM around footing and considering two input earthquake acceleration time history. It was found that earthquake vibrations are considerably reduced for SRM with higher rubber content. The optimum dimension of SRM giving maximum reduction in shaking level is found to be 3B below the footing and 0.75B (where B is the width of footing) on the side of the footing. Generally, the shaking levels at different floor can be reduced by 30-50%, with the use of 75% SRM. The results also indicated that the effectiveness of proposed system would depend on the characteristics of ground motion. To study the bearing capacity of square footing on SRM, laboratory model tests were carried out on square footing supported on unreinforced and reinforced SRM. The SRM combination which have been used for numerical studies are used in this model studies to know the bearing capacity and settlement characteristics. The optimum dimension of SRM around footing has been constructed. Model tests results show that, the bearing capacity decreases and settlement increases steadily with the increase in rubber content in SRM. Addition of reinforcement to SRM significantly improved the bearing capacity and reduced settlement characteristics. Reinforced SRM may be used as an effective low cost isolation scheme to reduce earthquake vibrations.
Books on the topic "TYRE CRUMBS"
1
Gilannejad, Alireza. Vulcanised rubber crumb as a potential tyre tread material: A feasibility study. [s.l: The Author], 1998.
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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Recipe for murder: A cozy Crumb mystery. Uhlrichsville, OH: Barbour Pub., 2008.
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Beaton, M. C. Agatha Raisin and the christmas crumble. Bath, England: Windsor/Paragon, 2013.
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Clark, Mary Higgins. No cruces el parque. Buenos Aires: Emece, 1990.
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Mehta, Shalika, and Rohit Sharma & Shalika Mehta. Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Waste Tyre Crumb Rubber in Concrete. Independently Published, 2018.
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Mehta, Shalika, and Rohit Sharma. Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Waste Tyre Crumb Rubber in Concrete. Independently Published, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "TYRE CRUMBS"
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Ibrahim, Mohammed Tasiu, Kolawole Juwonlo Osinubi, Saeed Yusuf Umar, Abimiku Joshua, Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba, and Usman Bala Soja. "Stabilization of Lateritic Soil with Scrap Tyre Crumb Rubber." In Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, 185–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26580-8_28.
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Bharathi Murugan, R., E. Rama Sai, and C. Natarajan. "Impact Response of Paver Blocks with Waste Tyre Crumb Rubber." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 669–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0362-3_54.
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Martínez Palou, Rafael, and Natalya V. Likhanova. "Application of ILs in the Transport of Heavy and Extra-heavy Crude Oils." In Applications of Ionic Liquids in the Oil Industry: Towards A Sustainable Industry, 75–93. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079579123010007.
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In the oil industry, in general, and in Mexico, in particular, the use of heavy crudes in the refining process has increased considerably. The processing of these heavy crudes implies an important technological challenge, and their transportation can sometimes be complicated. Among the alternatives for transporting this type of crude is the formation of invert emulsions in which ILs can play an important role, which is discussed in this chapter.
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Kuppusamy, Elamvazhuthi. "Circular Green Technology & Material for the Tire Industry." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210046.
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The whole Tire Industry around the Globe is set on an important mission to create a greener environment wherein the used tires, scrap worn out tires & shop floor rejected tires are used back in to the system of new Tire manufacturing thereby create a Circular Economy in the Tire Industry via non-chemical Devulcanization process. The Tyromer TDP (Tyre Derived Polymer) production process uses an industrial proven extrusion technology in a patented Twin Screw Extruder and it is reliable. The process is energy efficient as it is continuous. That also gives fundamentally more consistent product quality compared to batch processes. In this extrusion process, what goes in must come out and hence the TDP production process creates no waste. The only catalyst used in the process is Super Critical Carbon dioxide. No chemical solvents or devulcanization chemicals are used and the process is Energy efficient (400 kWh/MT), Very Fast (2 minutes from crumb powder to TDP) and having High conversion rate (99+% crumb powder to TDP).
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Keefer, Robert F. "Soil Organic Matter." In Handbook of Soils for Landscape Architects. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121025.003.0018.
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Soil organic matter (SOM) is probably the most important constituent of soils. The effect of SOM on soil properties far exceeds the relative percentage of this material in soils. The small amount of organic matter in soils, usually from 1 to 5%, is very important in providing a reserve food source for microorganisms and higher plants. Almost all properties of SOM are beneficial for plant growth. Soil organic matter can be defined as a complex, heterogeneous mixture of plant and animal remains in various stages of decay, microbial cells—both living and dead—microbially synthesized compounds, and derivatives of all of the above through microbial activity. Soil organic matter is probably the most complex of all naturally occurring substances. Some compounds in SOM are distinctive to soil and are not present in plants or animals. By examining the composition of SOM, one can see why it is such a complex material. The following compounds have been isolated from chemical SOM extracts: . . . 1. Carbohydrates (sugars, polysaccharides)—about 75% of dry weight 2. Lignin (a plant polymer of phenyl propane units) 3. Proteins (combinations of amino acids) 4. Hydrocarbons—fats, waxes, resins, and oils 5. Tannins (phenolic substances) 6. Pigments (chlorophyll) 7. Organic acids (many in the biochemical Krebs cycle) 8. Miscellaneous compounds—includes organic P, organic S, polynuclear hydrocarbons, nucleic acid derivatives, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, etc. . . . Whenever organic materials are added to a soil the physical properties of soil structure, water-holding capacity, and soil color are changed. The extent of change in these properties depends on the amount and type of organic material added, the soil microorganisms present in the soil, and the speed at which decomposition occurs. Aggregation and granulation (crumb formation) is increased by polysaccharides produced by microorganisms during decomposition. This improves soil tilth (ability to work the soil) and helps stabilize the soil crumbs. The ability of a soil to hold water is greatly increased by addition of SOM. This results in greater infiltration (water moving into the soil) and adsorption of water by the SOM, with consequently less erosion and loss of soil particles and fertility.
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Alshukri, Adnan A., Faieza A. Aziz, Mohd S. Salit, Nuraini A. Aziz, and Mohammed Al-Maamori. "Effect of Particle Size and Content of Crumb Rubber on the Dynamic Properties of Passenger Tyre Tread Using Finite Element Method." In Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.11339-6.
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Nizamuddin, Sabzoi, and Filippo Giustozzi. "The role of new compatibilizers in hybrid combinations of waste plastics and waste vehicle tyres crumb rubber-modified bitumen." In Plastic Waste for Sustainable Asphalt Roads, 165–78. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-85789-5.00009-5.
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Brocx, Margaret, Vic Semeniuk, Tom J. Casadevall, and Dan Tormey. "Volcanoes: Identifying and Evaluating Their Significant Geoheritage Features from the Large to Small Scale." In Updates in Volcanology - Transdisciplinary Nature of Volcano Science. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97928.
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Across the globe, volcanoes and volcanic terrains present one of the most complex geological systems on Earth that, depending on magma type, viscosity, and water and gas content, form a diverse range of products in terms of geomorphology, lithologic suites, structures, and stratigraphy. In broad terms, magmas, with their diagnostic composition, derive from specific tectonic settings, e.g., basalt-dominated oceanic crusts, acidic magma from continental plates, and andesitic convergent-plate margins. In addition to magma composition and volcanic rock types, there is a wide range of volcanic products, manifest at all scales, dependent on how magma interacts with the Earth’s surface, varying, for instance, from lava flows such as vesicular lava beds and flow-banded to flow-laminated lava beds, to breccias, tephra (ejecta) deposits, and bombs, amongst others, each commonly with their diagnostic small-scale lithological/structural features. This wealth of rock types, stratigraphy, and structures linked to geologic setting, potentially has geoheritage significance, and we provide here methods tailored for volcanoes and volcanic rocks of identifying, classifying and evaluating the complex and heterogeneous nature of volcanoes so that the full complement of their geology for a given region can be appreciated and incorporated into thematic geoparks, Nature Reserves and protected areas. For sites of geoheritage significance, we present (1) a globally-applicable Geoheritage Tool-kit to systematically identify volcanic geoheritage sites, (2) a technique to classify/categorise geoheritage sites, and (3) a semi-quantitative method to evaluate the geoheritage significance of volcanic sites.
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Rippon, Stephen. "Romano-British material culture." In Kingdom, Civitas, and County. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759379.003.0012.
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The apparent adoption of a relatively uniform repertoire of material culture by Romano-British communities is one reflection of what in the past has been referred to as ‘Romanization’ (e.g. Haverfield 1912; Millett 1990), and as Eckardt (2014, 127) has noted, ‘public and academic perception has perhaps had a tendency to focus on the homogenizing influence of Roman trade and, within the theoretical framework of Romanization, to look for uniformity rather than local diversity’. The concept of Romanization has, however, recently come in for much criticism (e.g. Mattingly 2006; 2011; Revell 2016), one problem being that there is far more regional variation in artefact styles than was once thought. Dress accessories, for example, will reflect current local communal traditions, family heirlooms, religious beliefs, and what is currently fashionable, as well as wealth and status (Swift 2000b, 27–9). Regionality is clearer in the early Roman period, after which it was replaced by greater uniformity (e.g. hairpins: Cool 2000), although it is still present in some classes of later Roman material (e.g. military buckles and belt-fittings: discussed further below). While many forms of artefact were used very widely across Roman Britain, such as certain types of brooches (Bayley and Butcher 2004, figs. 166–79; Mackreth 2011) and toilet instruments (e.g. Eckardt and Crummy 2008), there were some regionally specific variants. ‘Polden Hill’ brooches, for example, were largely used in the West Midlands and the West Country (Bayley and Butcher 2004, fig. 171), rear-hook brooches in East Anglia (Plouviez 2008; 2014, 35–6), and the ‘Head Stud’ type in Yorkshire and the East Midlands (Pearce and Worrell 2014, fig. 6). Walton (2012, 37–41) has even identified some marked regional differences in coin loss. Some have argued that regionally distinctive styles of artefact were used to directly signal a particular tribal or civitas identity. Laycock (2008, fig. 51), for example, has mapped stylistic variation in late fourth-century belt-fittings and argued for distinct types that he believes were related to the putative Icenian, Trinovantian, Catuvellaunian, and Corieltauvian civitates.
Conference papers on the topic "TYRE CRUMBS"
1
Šernas, Ovidijus, Audrius Vaitkus, and Deimantė Kilaitė. "A review of the best experience on crumb rubber – dry process modified asphalt mixture performance." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1323.
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The use of crumb rubber made from end of life tyres for asphalt mixtures modification in order to improve their properties or just utilize waste products may be considered as potential solution. Crumb rubber can be used as a bitumen modifier (wet process) or supplementary component of the asphalt mixture (dry process). Dry modification process has more potential due relatively unsophisticated technology and higher possible to use amount of crumb rubber comparing to the wet process. The performance of asphalt mixtures modified by dry process mainly depends on several factors as crumb rubber type, content and size. However, limited number of publications reported the results of dry method crumb rubber modified asphalt mixtures performance. This paper summarizes the latest findings from literature review on the modification technologies and specifications related to dry modification process, the effect of crumb rubber type and amount on modified asphalt mixture performance in terms of stiffness, rutting resistance, water sensitivity, resistance to fatigue and low temperature cracking. The algorithm of crumb rubber modified asphalt mix design was introduced.
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Šernas, Ovidijus, Donatas Čygas, Audrius Vaitkus, and Vytautė Gumauskaitė. "The Influence of Crumb Rubber on Modified Bitumen Properties." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.147.
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Rubber derived from grinding of recycled cars and trucks tyres may be successfully used as a bitumen modifier. Number of researches reported sufficient characteristics of rubber modified asphalt binders or modified asphalt mixes in terms of improved permanent deformation and fatigue cracking. The behavior of crumb rubber asphalt binders depends on several factors, such as modification method, rubber content and size, modification temperature, mixing speed and time applied during the digestion process. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of crumb rubber amount and type on modified bitumen low and high temperature properties. This paper presents results of unmodified bitumen, crumb rubber crumb rubber and polymer modified bitumen. Low and high temperature properties have been evaluated using bending beam rheometer and dynamic shear rheometer. Moreover, softening point and viscosity tests have been performed. The study results revealed that crumb rubber modified bitumen performed better than pure bitumen and similarly to polymer modified bitumen.
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Goto, Koji, Tetsuo Yamazaki, Naoki Nakatani, and Rei Arai. "Preliminary Economic Feasibility Analysis of Cobalt-Rich Manganese Crust Mining for Rare Metal Recovery." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20243.
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The importance of cobalt-rich manganese crusts on the Pacific seamounts for possible future rare metal sources has currently been recognized. The thin layer-type deposit characteristics affect not only the excavation efficiency but also the economy of mining venture. Considering the thin layer-type distribution and the utilization of some rare metals in cobalt-rich manganese crusts, a preliminary economic feasibility of the mining venture is evaluated. Under some preliminary technical assumptions, the possibility of cobalt-rich manganese crusts for future rare metal sources for Japan is examined. The important role of utilization of rare metals in the crusts is highlighted.
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Anbazhagan, P., and D. R. Manohar. "Small- to Large-Strain Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Sand-Tyre Crumb Mixtures." In Geo-Chicago 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480151.031.
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Ayres Neto, Arthur, Marco Antonio Cetale Santos, and Semara Lisane de Souza Lima Miguel. "Acoustic modeling for the characterization of polymetallic crusts from chirp type high-resolution seismic sources." In 2013 IEEE/OES Acoustics in Underwater Geosciences Symposium (RIO Acoustics). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rioacoustics.2013.6684020.
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Codina, Georgiana. "THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM LACTATE FORTIFICATON ON THE RHEOLOGICAL, TEXTURAL, CRUMB MICROSTRUCTURE AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF BREAD FROM 1250 WHEAT FLOUR TYPE." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/6.2/s25.088.
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Burukhina, A. I., and E. A. Fursenko. "DISTRIBUTION OF C4-C9 HYDROCARBONS IN OILS AND CONDENSATES FROM THE BOVANENKOVSKOYE FIELD (YAMAL PENINSULA, WEST SIBERIA)." In All-Russian Youth Scientific Conference with the Participation of Foreign Scientists Trofimuk Readings - 2021. Novosibirsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1251-2-99-101.
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This work is devoted to the geochemistry of oils and condensates from the Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits of the Bovanenkovskoye oil-gas-condensate field. The data on the distribution of low-boiling hydrocarbons (HC) in the crudes composition were interpreted and the results obtained were compared with the information on GLC and GC-MS of their saturated and aromatic fractions. It is shown that the studied set of oils and condensates can be divided into two groups of samples in accordance with the predominant type of their source organic matter (OM). The influence of biodegradation processes on the composition of condensates from the Aptian and Albian deposits was also determined.
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Chikhradze, Nikoloz, Edgar Mataradze, Guram Abashidze, Davit Tsverava, and Tamar Iashvili. "EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF FIBER BASED STRUCTURES FOR PROTECTION OF STEEL SHEETS FROM EXPLOSION WAVE." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s26.20.
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In order to protect the structural steel sheet from the impact of the blast wave, the steel sheet was covered with a composite material consisting of aramid fabrics with a surface density of 200 g/m2 (3 layers) and 350 g/m2 (3 layers). The total thickness of these layers was 2.4 mm. Turkish produced BRE 450 polyester resin was used to connect the layers. The composite was coated on top with the same resin filled with crumb rubber 1.5 mm in size. The thickness of this coating is 2.2 mm. The protective agent thus obtained was applied on one side of the steel sheet. The size of the protected sheets is 60 x 60 cm. The protective composite is applied to the steel sheet by the contact method, since the polyester binders are cured in the cold. Explosion resistance tests were carried out in an underground explosion chamber, where a special stand was located, which was a pipe with a diameter of 500 mm and a height of 1000 mm, equipped with the necessary sensors for pressure, sheet movement, and acceleration. The explosive charge was placed above the protected sheet at a distance of 400 mm. Mass of explosive (RDX) was 40 g. To record the wave formed an oscilloscope (DPO 2024 B) and sensors of type 113B23 (SN21594) with a sensitivity of 74.25 mV/mPa were used. The article presents the results of several variants of the explosion: oscillograms, which can be used to evaluate the movement (deflection) of the steel sheet, the acceleration of the deflection, the degree of suppression of the negative processes that occur during the explosion.
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Gaudencio, Julia Loureiro, Hilton Mariano Mariano da Silva Júnior, and Pedro Neves Fortunato. "Ramsay Hunt Syndrome complicated by Cerebral venous thrombosis (case report)." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.222.
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Context: Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a condition caused by the Varicella-Zoster Virus in the geniculate ganglion and leads to peripheral facial nerve palsy and erythematous vesicular rash in the affected area. It is a rare disorder but is the second most common cause of peripheral facial nerve palsy without trauma. Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare cerebrovascular disease and responsible for only 0.5% of all strokes. Among its causes are oral contraceptives, infection in the central nervous system, systemic inflammations, and thrombophilia. Case report: We report the case of a previously healthy 29 years old woman diagnosed with Ramsay Hunt syndrome followed by cerebral venous thrombosis two weeks later. Her first admission to the hospital was due to pain in the face and a pulsing type right hemicranial headache. It started in the cervical region and was irradiated to the right retroorbital and auricular area, with difficulty contracting the right eyelid, otalgia, and vertigo. She used oral contraceptives, had two cesarean deliveries, and quitted smoking at 20 years old. She had multidirectional and bilateral nystagmus with fast phase to the left, right peripheral face paralysis, and crusts in the right ear canal. The patient was treated with aciclovir and prednisone, with good recovery. Two weeks later, she returned because of two episodes of convulsion and headache. Brain CTA (computed tomography angiography) showed cerebral venous thrombosis. Conclusion: Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare complication of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. It is important to stay alert to the development of vascular complications in these patients.
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Zhu, Zhe, Saqib Sohail Toor, Lasse Rosendahl, Donghong Yu, and Guanyi Chen. "Experimental Study of Subcritical Water Liquefaction of Biomass: Effects of Catalyst and Biomass Species." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6708.
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In this work, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wood industry residues (wood, bark, sawdust) and macroalgae for producing biofuels has been investigated under subcritical water conditions (at temperature of 300 °C), with and without the presence of a catalyst. The effects of catalyst and biomass type (woody and non-woody) on the biomass conversion, bio-crude yield, and the qualities of products were studied. The results suggested that the addition of potassium carbonate as a catalyst showed a positive effect on bio-crude yield, especially for wood, where it was enhanced to 47.48 wt%. Macroalgae showed a higher biomass conversion and a lower bio-crude yield than other woody biomass investigated in the present study, irrespective of whether the catalyst was used. Meanwhile, the effect of catalyst on macroalgae was less significant than that of woody biomass. The heating values and thermal stability of all bio-crudes were analyzed. The results showed that the higher heating values (HHVs) were in the range of 24.15 to 31.79 MJ/kg, and they were enhanced in the presence of a catalyst, except for that of the macroalgae. The solid residues were characterized by heating value, SEM and FTIR. It was found that the addition of K2CO3 lowered the solids quality in terms of the heating values, while it did not have apparent effect on the functional groups of solid residues. SEM analysis of the raw biomass and solid residues revealed that the char formation for wood, sawdust and macroalgae had initially finished when they were treated in hot compressed water at 300 °C, while conversion of bark had not completed yet.