Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Typology'
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Gorrie, Colin Fraser. "Ideal-Typology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/322953.
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The critical aim of this dissertation is to show the lack of explanatory value of typological generalizations in generative research paradigms, and the constructive aim is to propose an alternative conception of typology which gives a justifiable place to typological facts. My contention is that we cannot conclude that the human language faculty (HLF) lacks the means to generate a linguistic phenomenon from only the lack of such a phenomenon in the languages of the world. The temptation to do so arises from equivocation regarding the term Language as used within different generative paradigms: the classical generative paradigm, and the generative-parametric paradigm. The former characterizes Language, understood as HLF, the mental object which allows us to produce and understand languages. For the latter, however, Language also includes the distribution of linguistic structures in the world. HLF is a natural kind; the distribution of linguistic structures in the world is not. Equivocation of the term ‘Language’; occurs when one notion is exchanged for the other within an argument. The problem: only natural kinds support induction. The goal of characterizing HLF is discovering what is necessarily true of HLF. The distribution of linguistic phenomena in the world, although constrained by what HLF allows us to acquire, is also constrained by historical contingency. Generalizations based on these accidental factors are valueless in characterizing HLF: I show this in two case studies, which deal with syllable structure and verbal morpheme order. I argue that the study of the distribution of linguistic phenomena in the world is a historical science, which requires a different set of assumptions than an experimental science such as the classical generative paradigm. The alternative I offer is called ideal-typology. Ideal-typology replaces inductive inference based on natural kinds with pragmatic explanation based on ‘ideal-types’. Ideal-types are convenient fictions, purpose-built to manipulate our cognitive systems into understanding the diversity of historical-scientific data. I illustrate the practice of ideal-typology by showing how the diversity of Chinese tone systems can be measured and organized by the use of ideal-types. Beyond increasing understanding of the data themselves, ideal-typology yields hypotheses that experimental sciences can test.
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Friedrich, Carsten. "Die Schatten der himmlischen Dinge : Typologie im Hebräerbrief /." Bonn : Verl. für Kultur und Wiss, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2937343&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Hehir, Paul. "The typology of energy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39662.pdf.
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Tate, Alan. "Typology and built environment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556064.
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Flouri, Eirini. "A typology of materialists." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312441.
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Weiseman, Jeffrey Reed. "A typology of relation." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08252008-162749/.
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Pontius, Sarah E. "Genotype-Phenotype: Investigations in Typology." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1179414436.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.Title from electronic theses title page (viewed July 16, 2007). Includes abstract. Keywords: architecture; typology; therapeutic; riding stable Includes bibliographic references.
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Jäger, Andreas. "Typology of periphrastic 'do'-constructions." Bochum Brockmeyer, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2883469&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Jäger, Andreas. "Typology of periphrastic d́o-̀constructions." Bochum Univ.-Verl. Brockmeyer, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2883469&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Renick, Katherine. "A typology of online scholarships." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6067.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 12, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Kenny, Michael. "Narcissistic illusions : an empirical typology." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1221270.
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The purpose of this study is to examine whether a typology of narcissism can be identified through various statistical analyses, specifically cluster analysis. Furthermore, this study attempted to further delineate whether claims of a dual nature of narcissism are well founded and to examine the mental health implications of "positive illusions." Subjects were 251 college students at a large Midwest University. The mean age of the participants was 21 years. Self-report measures of narcissism, positive illusions, and mental health were administered in counterbalanced order. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis and cluster analysis to examine the relationship between narcissism, positive illusions and mental health. A moderate amount of narcissism was positively related to mental health and adjustment. Furthermore, participants high and low in narcissism correlated with poorer mental health and adjustment. Positive illusions were related to mental health, except for in groups high in narcissism. Indeed, there appears to be an optimal level of illusions, which are beneficial for mental health. The relationship between narcissism and positive illusions should continue to be explored.Department of Educational Psychology
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Vialard, Alice. "A typology of block-faces." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52182.
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The question of the size and configuration of urban blocks and building footprints are vital to making a livable and sustainable city, with a sense of scale but also a sense of dialogue between elements. This dissertation documents the interface of public and private realms at the edge of the block and proposes a typology of block-faces. The block-faces respond to buildings (the internal load of blocks) and street structure (the external load of blocks). It is argued that the block-face and not the block should be the basis for thinking of city form.
The City of Atlanta is used as a case study because of the spectrum of conditions and possibilities that it illustrates. The quantitative approach of this work builds upon a research tradition of analytical and quantitative urban and building morphology. A method is proposed for assessing the potential of the existing city prior to design intervention and for evaluating alternative scenarios for future developments. The ultimate goal is to provide tools to design more sustainable communities by bridging differences of scales and by better understanding how urban design parameters influence the development of built form and architecture.
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Wetzer, Henricus Maria. "The typology of adjectival predication /." Berlin ; New York : Mouton de Gruyter, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37032944j.
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Quintero, Cynthia Estella. "A Typology of Homegrown Terrorists." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/109.
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Since the 9/11 attacks by Al Qaeda members against the United States, counterterrorism has become a top priority for policymakers and academic researchers. A critical aspect of this mandate is the prevention and intervention of future terrorist attacks by U.S.-based jihadist and Salafist extremists. This study aims to generate a typology of homegrown terrorists who have been prosecuted by the United States federal government for terrorism offenses within the United States since the 9/11 attacks. The current study uses a sample of 115 cases, involving 194 offenders.
Three clusters of offenders who share a set of demographic, social, and behavioral characteristics were identified through a two-step cluster analysis. These clusters include: Cyber Attackers, Convert Affiliates, and Trained Allies. Clusters also exhibited variation in the nature of terrorist activity and degree of operational success. The unique characteristics of each cluster suggest possible policy implications for international travel, cyber regulation, and community outreach programs to address the unique threats posed by subgroups of offenders. Efforts to prevent future terrorist plots and attacks may be more effective if the type of offender is considered.
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Mammadova, Nayiba. "Eléments de description et documentation du tat de l'Apshéron, langue iranienne d'Azerbaïdjan." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF016/document.
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Cette thèse est une grammaire descriptive du tat de l’Apshéron, une langue iranienne de la branche sud-ouest parlée en Azerbaïdjan. Il s’agit de la première description d’un dialecte tat musulman dans une langue occidentale. Après une introduction détaillée présentant le contexte sociolinguistique et la phonologie, le présent travail aborde les différentes parties du discours, le marquage des fonctions grammaticales, la morphologie verbale (dérivation, classes morphologiques du verbe, locutions verbales, emplois et valeurs des formes conjuguées). Les principaux faits de syntaxe de la phrase complexe sont ensuite décrits : subordonnées relatives, complétives, et adverbiales, coordination de prédicats.La description, effectuée dans une perspective typologique, s’appuie sur l’analyse de textes spontanés récoltés sur le terrain, de traductions de l’azéri vers le tat, et sur les connaissances personnelles de l’auteur, locutrice native. Elle est suivie en annexe de textes extraits du corpus, partiellement traduits, ainsi que d’un lexique recensant les lexèmes utilisés dans l’étude et dans les textesThis thesis is a descriptive grammar of Tat (an Iranian language of the South-Western branch) as spoken on the Absheron Peninsula, east of Baku in the Republic of Azerbaijan. It is the first description of a Muslim variety of Tat in a Western European language.After a detailed introduction outlining the sociolinguistic context and the phonology, the present study discusses the parts of speech, the marking of grammatical relations and verbal morphology of Absheron Tat (verbal derivation, verb classes, complex predicates, formation and use of inflected verb forms). This is followed by a survey of complex sentences, viz. relative clauses, complement clauses, adverbial subordinates as well as coordination.The present work adopts a typological point of view and is based on the analysis of texts originating from the author’s fieldwork and tales translated from Azeri into Tat, in addition to the author’s competence as a native speaker. The appendix presents samples of the text corpus (some of them also translated) and a glossary listing items that feature in the grammatical description and the texts
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Caliskan, Ekrem Bahadir. "Acoustical Evaluation Of Shopping Mall Typology." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612594/index.pdf.
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Acoustic design of shopping malls which have become very popular in recent years, has gained importance and it has been considered as an integral part of the design &ndashconstruction and life cycle treatment of such complex &ndash
functional buildings. In this study, acoustic qualities of shopping malls are to be inquired by focusing on circulation areas and atrium spaces where noise is one of major disturbances. In this context, first taxonomy of shopping malls regarding their geometrical forms is to be proposed together with plan layouts, construction materials and spatial organizations. Then some of these malls in representing major characteristics of the each class in the taxonomy are to be acoustically analyzed and compared with standards by aiming to provide some guiding principles for acoustical design of such spaces.
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Richard, Jacques F. "A typology of children's friendship motivation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6233.
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In this study, correlates of children's motivation to form friendships are examined using the Friendship Motivation Scale for Children (FMSC), a new scale designed to assess the motivational dimensions that contribute to children's desire for friendships. Specifically, the FMSC consists of four subscales that measure intrinsic motivation, two forms of regulation for extrinsic motivation (identified and external), and amotivation. The results, obtained with a sample of 490 fifth-, sixth-, and seventh-grade boys and girls, confirmed the factor structure of the scale for both genders and revealed adequate reliability (i.e., internal consistency and test-retest stability). Construct validity of the scale was demonstrated by (a) correlations among the four subscales displaying a simplex pattern, and thus supporting the underlying theoretical model (i.e., self-determination continuum), (b) positive correlations between subscales situated at the high end of the self-determination continuum (i.e., intrinsic motivation and identified regulation) and a relationship-maintaining goal, positive correlations between subscales situated at the low end of the self-determination continuum (i.e., external regulation and amotivation) and a revenge goal, and a positive correlation between external regulation and a control goal, (c) positive correlations between self-determined friendship motivation and items assessing the global importance of friendships, and (d) positive correlations between self-determination scores from members of friendship dyads. Furthermore, analyses revealed the existence of several correlates of children's friendship motivation. Children who were more self-determined in their motivation to form friendships were preferred by their peers, and they reported greater perceived social competence, a more internal locus of control of social experience, greater social support from family members, best friend and teacher, and fewer feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Moreover, loneliness was partially predicted by the discrepancy between children's friendship motivation and presence or absence of a best friend. Finally, girls reported greater self-determined friendship motivation than boys, and gender differences were observed in the relationships between friendship motivation and some of its correlates (i.e., one item stating that friendship is more important than popularity, peer preference, number of reciprocated friends, and having a mutual best friend).
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Becker, Barbara. "Corporate incubators - potentials, typology and principles /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/373232985.pdf.
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Aalsma, Matthew C. "An empirical typology of adolescent delinquency." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1167791.
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The goal of this study was to examine various background factors that are associated with particular models of chronic juvenile offending. It was assumed that when chronic offending postdictors are identified, then more beneficial interventions can be developed, insofar as they are based on empirical data. In order to achieve this end, a sample of juvenile offenders, who were confined to a residential treatment facility, were examined. A statistical grouping technique was used in order to differentiate possible types of adolescent offenders, on the basis of numerous risk variables.The sample included 174 adolescents (aged 12-17) who were identified by a juvenile justice system. Information was gathered from interview data (including demographic information, family relationships, substance use, school performance, suicidal ideation/attempts, abuse history, dating history, life stressors, and religiosity), the Minnesota Multi-phasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents (MMPI-A), and juvenile justice charge and placement data. Two separate offending profiles were then developed based on juvenile justice charges and interview data. The offending groups were then compared on the MMPI-A to aid in identification of chronic offenders. Additionally, offending group differences were assessed on measures of recidivism in order to assess the utility of the offending group categories.The offending profile based on juvenile justice charges was highly differentiated on measures of recidivism and severity of placement. No significant differences on the interview data or MMPI-A score profiles were evident with this offending typology. The offending profile based on interview data was significantly differentiated on MMPI-A score profiles. No significant differences were noted on juvenile justice charges and measures of recidivism and placement. Gender differences were apparent in the second offending typology. Specifically, a sub-sample of female offenders evidenced disordered family relationships and higher rates of general pathology. Hence, implications for gender differences, as well as both the mental health and juvenile justice fields were readily evident in this study.Department of Educational Psychology
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Cheng, Lisa L. S. "On the typology of wh-questions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13938.
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Antoniades, Constantine G. "The function of repetition in typology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71070.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1988.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-93).
The purpose of this thesis will be to attempt an analogy between the topography of architectural production, as witnessed by the evolution and employment of architectural typologies, and the topography of mental production, as proposed by Sigmund Freud. The premises for the analogy will be the assumption that architectural production constitutes part of the cultural production, and the Freudian thesis of the connection between the development of the individual and the development of culture under the domination of the same form of instinctual repression. The first part of the thesis will examine the role of repetition in the evolution of architectural typology, in parallel to the role of repetition (compulsion to repeat) in the mechanism of instinctual repression of the Freudian model. The analogy will not serve as a claim for the nature of the productive mechanism in architecture , but as a vehicle for the analysis of the participating forces during its operation. The second part will attempt a more direct extrapolation from the development of cultural ideas to the development of architectural ideas during the period of the Enlightenment in the work of Piranesi, Boullee and Ledoux.
by Constantine G. Antoniades.
M.Arch.
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Fox, Rachel E. "Creating a typology of temporary landscapes." Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19068.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Mary C. Kingery-Page
Temporary landscapes are an emerging project type with in the field of landscape architecture. Pop-up parks, parklets, and temporary art installations have been gaining media attention and changing notions of open space. Landscape architects need to take a more active role in the planning, design, and execution of these temporary landscapes. Peter Bishop describes temporary land use as “an intentional phase” where the “time-limited nature of the use is generally explicit” (Bishop, 2012, p. 5). This research refines Bishop’s definition by stating temporary landscapes must be intentionally time limited designs of open space. Currently the unorganized variety of projects has impeded landscape architects’ ability to evaluate and learn from these spaces. This research project seeks to understand and synthesize different characteristics of temporary landscapes. A typology was developed by identifying key themes in literature, composing a carefully curated series of precedent studies, participating in the development of a temporary pop-up park in Wichita, Kansas, and developing a matrix that identifies the relationships between temporal types. The products of this research will help planners and designers develop more successful and intentional temporally limited designs.
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Познанська, Аліна Олександрівна, Алина Александровна Познанская, Alina Oleksandrivna Poznanska, and M. S. Shkurat. "A typology of managers in Ukraine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31205.
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Recently there has been some tendency of grows of transnational and foreign companies in which Ukrainians appear as managers. For the efficient work companies are looking of ways to understand the mysteries of our culture and put that understanding to good use in the marketplace. The best way to do this is to analyze the subculture or subgroups. This helps to understand the cultural issues in many cases.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31205
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Modlin, Russell Garvin. "A logical typology for nominal compounds." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01102009-063741/.
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Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria. "A typology of action nominal constructions /." Stockholm : Department of linguistics, University of Stockholm, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354594393.
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Senthilkumar, Balaji, and Ajay Krishna Shilesh. "Typology of Upstream Pharmaceutical Supply Chains." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396031.
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the process where the bacteria develop resistance towards the treating effect of an antibiotic drug. AMR poses an alarming threat to human health causing around 700,000 deaths per year around the globe. If appropriate measures to combat the resistance are not taken, the number of deaths globally could increase to around 10 million by the year 2050. There are various factors driving the growth of AMR of which antibiotic shortages are common. A clear insight into the pharmaceutical supply chain is necessary to understand the reasons causing antibiotic unavailability. Ensuring access to medicines is one of the major objectives of pharmaceutical supply chains. Pharmaceutical firms compete in a volatile market to increase their profits. Antibiotics render slim profit margins to pharmaceutical firms; declining profits and increasing costs of production have led to firms outsourcing their operations to suppliers in different geographical locations. This in turn forms complex supply chain structures with various actors of a single drug chain being dispersed across the globe. The complexity in these supply chains lead to antibiotic supply interruptions. National drug shortages drive the risk of AMR, and these shortages are caused when pharmaceutical supply chains are weak or fragile. Therefore, the pharmaceutical supply chains need to be thoroughly analysed. This thesis aims to explore the different possible upstream supply chain structures that could exist in pharmaceutical supply chains. The study also highlights the factors that motivate the firms to choose different supply chain structures. This research is based on the existing literature on pharmaceutical supply chains. Qualitative semi-structured interviews, reports and existing research articles guided the authors in building a typology of upstream pharmaceutical supply chains based on: how different processes are handled by the MAH, the geographical location of operations in the chain, and the sourcing strategy of the Market Authorisation Holder (MAH) who owns the license for the drug. The findings of this study outline how a pharmaceutical firm could possibly structure the upstream supply chain based on its strategies. This study is limited to conceptualizing only the actors involved in the direct supply chain of the focal firm (MAH), further research including actors in the extended supply chain needs to be performed to get deeper insights into pharmaceutical supply chains.
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Goldhahn, Dirk. "Quantitative Methoden in der Sprachtypologie: Nutzung korpusbasierter Statistiken." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-130550.
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Die Arbeit setzt sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten der Nutzung korpusbasierter Statistiken in quantitativen typologischen Untersuchungen auseinander. Die einzelnen Abschnitte der Arbeit können als Teile einer sprachunabhängigen Prozesskette angesehen werden, die somit umfassende Untersuchungen zu den verschiedenen Sprachen der Welt erlaubt. Es werden dabei die Schritte von der automatisierten Erstellung der grundlegenden Ressourcen über die mathematisch fundierten Methoden bis hin zum fertigen Resultat der verschiedenen typologischen Analysen betrachtet.
Hauptaugenmerk der Untersuchungen liegt zunächst auf den Textkorpora, die der Analyse zugrundeliegen, insbesondere auf ihrer Beschaffung und Verarbeitung unter technischen Gesichtspunkten. Es schließen sich Abhandlungen zur Nutzung der Korpora im Gebiet des lexikalischen Sprachvergleich an, wobei eine Quantifizierung sprachlicher Beziehungen mit empirischen Mitteln erreicht wird.
Darüber hinaus werden die Korpora als Basis für automatisierte Messungen sprachlicher Parameter verwendet. Zum einen werden derartige messbare Eigenschaften vorgestellt, zum anderen werden sie hinsichtlich ihrer Nutzbarkeit für sprachtypologische Untersuchungen systematisch betrachtet. Abschließend werden Beziehungen dieser Messungen untereinander und zu sprachtypologischen Parametern untersucht. Dabei werden quantitative Verfahren eingesetzt.
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Minton, Matthew K. "Toward a Typology of the Aggressive Personality." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11497.
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Efforts to develop an empirically derived typology of a major component of the implicit aggressive personality are described. A variety of samples (from both student and work populations) completed the Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression (CRT-A; James, McIntyre, Glisson, Bowler, and Mitchell, 2004; James et al., 2005). Individual scores on the CRT-A were analyzed utilizing cluster analytic methodology in order to develop a typology of the key defense mechanisms used by the implicit aggressive personality. The resulting clusters were analyzed using affirmation analysis (Feild and Schoenfeldt, 1975) to test the reliability of each. A useful system for classifying the implicit aggressive personality resulted from this endeavor. It is expected that both scientists and practitioners can use this typology as a means for classifying aggressive individuals. Implications include the development of an organizing framework facilitating scientific communication in research on the aggressive personality as well as a classification system for organizations to identify those applicants and incumbents that might be potentially detrimental to the well-being of their coworkers.
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Wu, Cheng. "A typology for voice and music signals." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27082.
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With the high increase in the availability of digital music, it has become of interest to automatically query a database of musical pieces. At the same time, a feasible solution of this objective gives us an insight into how humans perceive and classify music.
In this research, we discuss our approach to classify music into four categories: pop, classical, country and jazz. Songs are collected in wave format. We randomly chose five 10-second clips from different parts of a song. We discussed two families of features: wavelet features and time-based features. These features are capable of capturing the information of energy and time of voice signal. Instead of using traditional Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC)[7] methods, which are widely used in audio classification and music classification, we incorporate the features in statistical classification methods such as LDA, QDA and tree. Finally, we attempted to create an adaptive tree approach for classification.
In this research, 130 songs are collected. Pop songs are collected in 4 languages, English, Chinese, Spanish and French. A cross validation method is used to compute the proportion of correctly classified songs. It is shown that the tree method has a proportion of correct classification equal 0.80 when pop and country are considered as one category.
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Schumacher, Ryan Donald. "Network dynamics and fluctuating architectural typology Flux /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/schumacher/SchumacherR0509.pdf.
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Located in the northern United States, along the Rocky Mountains, lies the state of Montana. Traditionally rural, Montana is experiencing significant growth in its urban and destination areas. With growth comes obstacles and opportunities. The majority of the state is sufficiently connected to the global transportation network for the movement of goods, but lacks diverse people moving systems. While goods have the benefit of being transported at high speeds via road, rail, and air, the majority of people do not. Roadways near urban areas are frequent victims of congestion, the vitality of many airports is in question, and rail is minimized to a northern Amtrak route that neglects most population centers. The lack of passenger transit systems effectively cuts travel possibilities in half for hundreds of thousands people. Montanans deserve an option for the future that streamlines their transportation infrastructure, integrates them with the rest of the world, and provides an example of positive development. The intent of this thesis is to analyze the current network of people moving systems in Montana in order to determine how a better understanding of network dynamics and transportation architecture can help create connections to the global transportation network and foster positive growth. Information will be presented in graphic and literary form starting with the economic and transportation infrastructure in the region. Precedents are used to gain insight on existing and proposed architectural solutions to facilitate a proposal for an integrated transportation network in Montana, using architecture that utilizes continuous change, passage, and movement as active support.
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Sewell, Amanda. "A typology of sampling in hip-hop." Thesis, Indiana University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3587662.
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Hip-hop producers rely on several specific formulas to create sample-based hip-hop. Developed with a combination of analysis and ethnography, this typology of sampling is a systematic terminological and conceptual approach to this repertoire. There are three main types of samples: structural samples, surface samples, and lyric samples. Each of these types has a distinct function in a sample-based track: structural samples create the rhythmic foundation, surface samples overlay or decorate the foundation, and lyric samples provide words or phrases of text.
The typology offers a consistent approach to identifying the sounds in sample-based music, allowing recognition of historical trends and generalization about musical style. For example, hip-hop producers have sampled lyrics from Public Enemy's 1987 "Bring the Noise" over 100 times, and those samples show striking similarities both in the material sampled (Flavor Flav's "yeah, boy" and Chuck D's "bass" are favorites) and how the sampled sounds are treated in new tracks. The typology is a way to differentiate producers' treatments of sampled sounds. Additionally, the typology is a tool for distinguishing the musical styles of artists. Released within a year of each other, Public Enemy's Fear of a Black Planet and the Beastie Boys' Paul's Boutique each contain over 100 samples. The typology offers a way to describe the groups' sampling styles. Further, while hip-hop artists and scholars agree that sampling changed after the 1991 lawsuit involving Biz Markie's "Alone Again," until now, there has been no way to quantify these changes. The typology is a concrete way to demonstrate how hip-hop groups such as The Beastie Boys, De La Soul, Public Enemy, Salt 'n' Pepa, and A Tribe Called Quest modified their approaches to sampling when samples became difficult to license. Ultimately, a typology is a systematic analytical approach to the genre of sample-based hip-hop.
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Creech, James Edward. "The porch : a study in architectural typology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22976.
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Wood, Antony. "Tall buildings : search for a new typology." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11486/.
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[N.B. Online version contains abstract and supporting narrative only due to copyright restrictions.] Tall building design, despite 130 years of development, has not advanced to a satisfactory state, especially on environmental/sustainability grounds. Most Tall Buildings historically seem to have been designed as either vertical extrusions of an efficient floor plan (the ‘commercial’ approach), or as stand-alone pieces of high-rise urban ‘sculpture’ (the ‘sculptural-iconic’ approach). In both cases the main relationship with the urban setting is either a commercial or a purely visual one, with the tall building usually dominating. This has led to the syndrome of tall buildings as ‘isolationist’ architecture – stand-alone, non-site specific models that are readily transportable around the cities of the world. This has served to create an alarming homogeneity across global urban centers – a creation of a ‘one size fits all’ skyscraper ‘mush’ which rejects, in some places, thousands of years of local vernacular traditions. This is especially true of cities in developing nations, where to import all things ‘western’ is often to be seen as progressive and modern. Thus the vast majority of tall buildings internationally follow the standard template of the rectilinear, air-conditioned, western ‘box’. In addition, tall buildings have become synonymous with the greatest excesses of energy expenditure – in both embodied construction and operation. Though there are definitely advantages tall buildings can offer, both in creating more sustainable patterns of life through higher density and also through the potential for greater renewable energy generation at height, there is no doubt that in their current form, most tall buildings are energy-profligate. In short then, many of these tall buildings are contributing to the degradation of both the local (cultural) and the global (climate change) around the world. It does not, however, need to be this way. Tall Buildings have the opportunity to reinvent themselves as the typology for a sustainable urban future – focused centers of live, work and recreation with innovative forms, technologies and environments to face the challenges of the future climate-changed world, whilst also contributing to the continuing local culture of a place. This new typology needs be inspired by the cultural, environmental and vernacular traditions of the location. This is important in maintaining the cultural integrity and continuity of any urban domain, but especially in developing countries which are at risk of adopting wholesale western urban models (and mistakes) at the expense of more appropriate local solutions. In short, tall buildings and cities need to be inspired by the specifics of place – physically, culturally and environmentally. This submitted ‘PhD by Publications’ – consisting of a Narrative and six published papers – explain how the author’s research has contributed to this central thesis; the quest for a new typology for tall buildings which are appropriate to the local, the global and the major challenges of the age.
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Tawil, Rami F. "Developing a typology of spa-related tourists." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486409.
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There has been an ongoing debate regarding the r.elationship between spa tourism and health tourism among industry professionals and researchers from various disciplines. In general, spa tourism is viewed as a sub-segment of the broader category of 'health tourism'. Health tourism on a global scale is widely viewed as a broad segment of the tourism industry. Given the growing interest worldwide in spas, the outlook for spa tourism is very promising; there is considerable scope for future research in the spa industry as shown by the dearth of the literature available. However, there is a sense of uncertainty regarding the classification of this segment that makes forecasting problematic. The literature findings were drawn together to identify key issues in order to establish a platform for the primary research data collection. As a consequence of examining the literature review, key issues were identified relating to the nature and significance of spa tourism (aim 1): such as the debate surrounding the classification of spas, and ultimately the definition of spas; the significance of spas to health tourism and to tourism as a whole, in particular the significance of spas in an ever increasingly health-conscious society. Issues relating to the characteristics of spa goers were identified (aim 2), which are examined within the destination choice process (aim 3): such as reasons behind the visit to a spa; factors affecting the choice of one spa destination over another; and the spa holiday experience and feedbacks. In collecting the primary data, a qualitative study was conducted, with the aim to clarify and investigate the apparent gaps and key issues in the literature. This was undertaken to provide a greater level of insight into the field of spa tourism and to answer the research aims. This required developing a framework that was divided into three dimensions based on the key issues raised in the literature, and in relation to the destination facility choice process. This PhD study demonstrated how these three dimensions were used as a guide for the questions asked in the research interviews. These dimensions helped to provide a structured analysis of the results and established the initial platfonn for the classification of spa goers (aim 4). Spa goers' needs, beliefs, behaviours, what makes them participate in a spa-related tourism, as well as spa managers' and experts' perceptions were established. Semi-structured interviews were the most appropriate primary research tools, as the opportunity for tourists and managers to put forward their perspective were available. Given the relatively small number of interviews, the non-use of computer programs were quite justifiable; especially when adopting an interpretive approach and the desire to have the flexibility of human understanding and explanation of the material. To aid the data analysis, coding was used as an appropriate analytical tool that resulted in developing 10 types of spa goers based on the three dimensional framework. The emergence of these types offered further insight into whether they could be simplified into more broad types of spa goers by combining their shared interests. The results were further funnelled and a 4 type broad typology of spa goers was constructed. The findings of the rescarch~were consistent with many of the issucs raised in the literature review findings. This research study has added a ~iunificant amount of new infom1ation to contribute to the e:
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Tanguy, Marianna. "Client-counselor environment interaction using Holland's typology." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/862266.
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An ongoing therapeutic concern has been effectiveness of treatment (success and satisfaction). Mahalik and Kivlighan (1988) suggested that by examining the fit between type of counseling environment and personality type, reasons for satisfaction or dissatisfaction can be better understood. Research in this area, however, is limited. The present study examined the congruence between an individual's personality and the counseling environment, using Holland's model of personenvironment interaction to examine this relationship. This study also explored the underutilization of and dissatisfaction with counseling by certain Holland personality types and the congruence of clientcounselor environment interaction as an explanation of male underutilization of counseling.Ninety four students from Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, participated in this study. Participants observed a videotape illustrating a particular counseling environment and completed four questionnaires: 1) the Self-Directed Search; 2) the Expectations About Counseling-Brief Form; 3) the Attitudes Toward Counseling; and 4) the Perception of Counseling Environment. The following hypotheses were tested: (hypothesis 1) Scores on Holland's typology will predict group membership (male and female). a) Artistic and Social scores will relate positively to female group membership. b) Realistic, Investigative, and Enterprising scores will relate positively to male group membership. (hypothesis 2) Scores on Holland's typology and gender will predict attitudes toward counseling. a) Realistic, Investigative, and Conventional scores will relate negatively to more favorable attitudes toward counseling. b) Social and Artistic scores will relate positively to more favorable attitudes toward counseling. c) Female status will relate positively to more favorable attitudes toward counseling. (hypothesis 3) Scores on Holland's typology and gender will predict perception of counseling environment. a) Realistic, Investigative, and Conventional scores and male status will relate positively to a more favorable perception of the Self-Help (more structured, less personally interactive) type counseling environment. b) Social and Artistic scores and female status will relate positively to a more favorable perception of the Social/Interactive (more abstract, more personally interactive) type counseling environment. Analyses included stepwise discriminant analysis predicting group membership, stepwise multiple regression analyses predicting gender, certain Holland types, and perception of counseling environment, and a 2 x 2 analysis of variance to analyze the interaction between gender and type of counseling environment.As expected, scores on Holland's typology predicted group membership. Results of the multiple regression analyses generally predicted attitudes toward counseling and perception of counseling environment. The interaction between gender and type of counseling environment was significant with females rating the Social/Interactive type counseling environment more positively than the Self-Help type counseling environment and males rating the Self-Help type counseling environment more positively than the Social/Interactive type of counseling environment. Implications of these findings and limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Bishop, Claire. "The subject of installation art : a typology." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395950.
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Chu, T. (Tin). "Folklore Town:renovation typology for old urban districts." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201805312049.
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Abstract. “The future of architecture is culture.” — Philip Johnson.
With the rise of globalization from the 20th century, the lacking of cultural identity in metropolis throughout the world has become an urgent issue, thus, it’s resulting the loss of tradition and local cultures in the not distant future.
Hong Kong, former British colony, is one of the highly globalized metropolis with hundreds of homogeneous skyscraper in order to operate and maintain its status of an international financial center. Traditions, local culture and identity of this place are losing bit to bit, yet this result is turning itself to a “just another” globalized city in the world.
Every cities, no mater it is globalized, have their abandoned old urban district with full of local culture and tradition. However, most of them are suffered under disrepair or forgotten.
Responding to the uncertain future of tradition and culture of Hong Kong, this thesis takes a theoretical path in creating an alternative typology for renovation of metropolis’ old urban district. The proposal introduces a compromise between the desire for renovation and the maintenance of its own local culture, thus to enhance its cultural identity in the global environment. While Hong Kong is taken as the targeted site.
Two major parts are contained in this thesis, which the first part focuses on the research related to the impact of globalization on cultural identities, and the condition of Hong Kong’s old districts. The second part of the thesis proposes an alternative typology of renovating the old districts.
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Sokolova, I. V. "The Typology of Repetitions in Text Prefaces." Thesis, Харків: Видавництво "Константа", 2000. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/50987.
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The papre focuses on linguistic characteristics of text repetitions. Different types of repetitions are analysed. It is deducted that repetitions are aimed at objective, logical and precise representation of information.
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Murray, Teryn Nicole. "City Living: Exploring the Modern Rowhouse Typology." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73672.
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The traditional rowhouse form was a result of economical use of available space and materials that provided its occupants a home that fulfilled functional and societal needs. The result was a series of rooms along a travel corridor with a distinct underlining organization. The typology was established by certain characteristics of spatial configuration, constructional methods and ordering systems that kept the building economical. Popular attempts to accommodate modern needs into these buildings have lead to implementing the "open-plan" concept and creating a series of floors verses a series of rooms.
This thesis explores the rowhouse within the modern context of Washington D.C. and attempts to redefined the typology for new construction. The desire is to resort back to the historical relevance of the individual room and create a typology appropriate for modern single-family needs. Four empty sites, each with their own context and conditions within the cityscape, are used to create four individual rowhouses that exemplify this new typology. The proposed row houses exhibit architectural structuralism and phenomenology, resulting in four rowhouses that complete the context they are set in, yet emerge with
their own identity.Master of Architecture
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Porter, Russell Dean. "A Typology of Ethics Education in Healthcare." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4579/.
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This study is a qualitative analysis of the author's previous publications, academic and operational practitioners input, the literature, and accreditation requirements for ethics education in healthcare. Two research questions were addressed: 1. Is a typology of ethics education in healthcare needed, and 2. Is more specificity of ethics education in healthcare required? Both research questions were answered in the affirmative. The results indicated that a typology of ethics education in healthcare is needed with the primary reason being the need for a focused manuscript that uses content validity to illustrate the hierarchy of ethical reasoning in healthcare. No one manuscript brings together the six ethics education domains that were identified as required for appropriate ethics education in healthcare. The second research question result indicated that there are sparse educational objectives available in the context of cognitive and affective educational domains, especially for the six ethics domains presented here: 1. Decision ethics, 2. Professional ethics, 3. Clinical ethics, 4. Business ethics, 5. Organizational ethics, and 6. Social ethics. Due to the limited specificity of the ethics education objectives identified in the literature, the author developed and presented a typology, beginning with 270 ethics educational objectives, for use in healthcare instruction. A discussion is provided on how healthcare can be improved by including more specific ethics education objectives within healthcare programs. Further recommendations include the creation of a taxonomy based on the typology developed here.
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Del, Rio Carlos M. "Psychometric properties of the spiritual typology inventory /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456290391&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Wallstam, Martin. "Backpacker Institutionalization : Towards an Experience-Based Typology." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-14631.
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Backpacking is becoming an increasingly commonplace rite of passage for today’s independent travellers. So much so that it is not only a small niche segment anymore but is turning into a sizeable market for some destinations. Backpackers seem to lead the way into unexploited regions,subsequently opening the door for other forms of tourism. In effect, the normalization ofbackpacking brings with it questions of sustainability. This thesis sets out to explore the transition of tourism segments in destinations, particularly that of backpackers into the mainstream. It does so through a participant-observer data collection in the Philippines. The material is then analysed by grounded theory and presented in an ethnography format through a thematic review. A typological framework is the product, which brings an experience perspective to existing classification systems. Findings suggest that there are indeed nuances within the seemingly homogenous backpacker segment and that a continuous change of visitor profiles within destinations seems likely. Institutionalized backpacking turns out to be the missing link that accounts for the change from purism to mass tourism. Future explorative research is then advised, to find relationships between visitor types and to construe concrete suggestions for likely causes to the observed categorical transitions.
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Long, Joseph E. "A social movement theory typology of gang violence." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FLong.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Lee, Doowan ; Second Reader: Giordano, Frank. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 15, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Social Movement Theory, Repression, Coercion, Negative Channeling, Gang Violence, Outreach Programs. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-61). Also available in print.
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D'Brot, Juan M. "The development of a typology for interracial relationships." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4679.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 56 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-43).
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Eliseeva, Irina, and O. Borozdina. "Dynamic typology of investment activity of oil companies." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5842/.
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Oil and gas are the most important gains for the russian economy. So the improvement of these industries is very important and should be analyzed very well. In this paper we analyze the tendency in the development of these industries for the past ten years. We use a factor-analysis for the identification of determinants which have positive and negative effects on the development of the performance of these companies. Some of these determinants are the investment activities or the influence by the government. As result we get three types of firms related to their performances. There are the leaders, the middle and the outsiders.
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Cook, Peter R. "Transaction space : an information based typology of firms." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553129.
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The research explores the information variety processed in transactions between a firm and its customers, a contingency factor previously ignored in the literature but of increasing importance as businesses focus on customers and technology reduces the cost of information processing. Conceptualizing transactions as Markov chains of business acts the thesis develops, from a theoretical basis in cybernetics, three dimensions (Scale, Diversity & Complexity) which characterise the information variety. These dimensions delineate transaction space within which the firm's position provides a novel typology which integrates a range of structural and strategic theories from the literature, and is hypothesized to explain anomalies in organization design theories. By exaggerating each dimension three ideal type firms are defined and transaction space is operationalized using characteristics of these identified in the literature. On the basis of data collected by survey from a range of business units the research validates the typology and derives a set of theories which describe contingent relationships between the firm's strategy, structure, organisation and information technology and its position in transaction space. The total information variety processed by the firm is found to be bounded, and non-linearly related to business performance allowing the research to posit a cybernetic model of the firm's management processes. The thesis concludes by proposing further ideas which emerge from the application of the transaction space lens to organisation design theory, and suggests further areas for research which may benefit from the transaction space framework. Overall it shows that Transaction space provides both academic researchers and practitioners a framework which unifies theoretical strands, drawn from organisation theory and strategy, which exhibit the influence of the three dimensions and bases ideas about the firm and the way it changes on a so far neglected core aspect of the firm - what it actually does for its customers.
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Reeves, Jeremy R. "A new typology for state-sponsored international terrorism." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10680.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedState sponsorship of terrorism, though not as prevalent as in previous decades, is still a complex phenomenon our government has yet to adequately address, despite the threat it continues to pose to our national security. Current U.S. policy toward state sponsors of terrorism is constrained by a number of laws, which mandate a host of economic and diplomatic sanctions be put in place when a state is designated as a sponsor of terrorism. As such, policymakers must careful consider all of the complex ramifications before labeling an offending state for fear of alienating necessary allies and harming the international economy. This paper argues a more effective response to state-sponsored terrorism can be found through a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. To this end, a new typology for state-sponsored terrorism is presented, offering policymakers a nuanced approach to dealing with offending states. The primary benefit of such an approach is the inherent flexibility to tailor U.S. response to the precise relationship between the terrorist organization and its state sponsor. States currently on the State Department's list of state sponsors of terrorism and states that should be are examined, detailing the shortcomings of current U.S. policy and the advantages of the proposed typology.
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Minikel, Eric Vallabh. "Street typology and bicyclist safety : a systems approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61511.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, (S. M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-100).
Cycling is an attractive transportation mode but has not attained a large mode share in the United States, in part because it is correctly perceived as dangerous. Much literature on cyclist safety and the built environment has focused on bicycle facilities such as bike lanes, while fewer studies have addressed route choice, specifically side streets versus arterials. The cities of Berkeley, CA and Cambridge, MA have pursued opposite strategies, Berkeley creating “bicycle boulevards” out of residential side streets while Cambridge has added bike lanes to major arterial roads. I hypothesize that side streets are safer than arterials regardless of which street has been treated for cyclists, both in terms of collision rate and fraction of collisions that are severe. For each city, I use cyclist count data with police-reported bicycle-motor vehicle collision data to compute relative collision rates for pairs of parallel streets that are alternate routes to reach the same destinations. In a detailed analysis of Berkeley I find that bicycle boulevards have categorically lower collision rates than arterials, with no difference in severity. I demonstrate, with very limited data, how to apply the same methodology to Cambridge and find results somewhat suggestive that side streets have lower collision rates than arterials. I highlight shortcomings in current data collection practices that make this research difficult.
by Eric Vallabh Minikel.
S.M.in Transportation
M.C.P.
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Gerth, Allison R. "Creative play: integrating art into playgrounds a typology." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8764.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Mary C. Kingery-Page
Children are imaginative, creative, and active. Children of all age groups are influenced by their surroundings, particularly school-aged children (Frost, 2010). School-aged children’s physical, emotional, social, and intellectual developmental characteristics are influenced by their surrounding environments. Today, uniform playgrounds are diminishing the opportunities for youth to develop their personal creativity and imagination through play (Thompson 2007, Solomon 2005). By integrating art into playgrounds, these environments will offer children greater opportunity for developmental enrichment through their interactions with the site. Researched cases of art and play have inspired the development of a typology. The typology is a collection of quintessential ways that settings for play can be visually and experientially enriched by art. This process began with three critical questions; 1) What constitutes a playground? 2) What is art? and 3) How can art be integrated into playgrounds? More than 30 precedents that demonstrate art in a play setting were examined. Noting differences and similarities between the precedents, 12 types were identified. Next, analysis matrices identifying primary and, if applicable, secondary placement of each of the precedents in the 12 developed types, including sub-types, giving art in playgrounds a place. Also classified was type of art, high or vernacular, for each precedent. The research methodology was an iterative process of literature and precedent research followed by the distillation of types, further research, and refinement of the typology framework.
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Pothipath, Vipas. "Typology and evolution of cardinal numeral-noun constructions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29947.
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To express the exact number of things, humans might be expected to use cardinal numeral-noun construction (CNNCs) consisting of just two constituents, namely a noun (N) representing the number of the quantified things and a cardinal numeral (Num) representing the number of the quantified things (for example, English three sheep). However, the structural patterns of CNNCs used in a number of languages spoken today have seemingly redundant constituents, typically non-singular markers (Nsg), and numeral classifiers (Clf). CNNCs observed in the world’s languages also appear to show a diversity of structural patterns. This observation brings up two related goals of this thesis. The first is to reveal structural types of cardinal numerical-noun constructions of singularity (CNNCsg) and cultural numeral-noun constructions of non-singularity (CNNCn-sg). The other is to hypothesise a possible evolutionary scenario for CNNCs since their emergence until the modern era. This thesis approaches these issues by exploring CNNCs in 230 languages representing 100 language groups across the globe through reference grammars to ensure the greatest range of possible attested structural patterns of CNNCs. This survey demonstrates that, with regard to CNNCsg, the world’s languages are divided into two major types, namely {N,Num} and {N,Num,Clf} with relatively few other possibilities. Regarding CNNCn-sg, the world’s languages are divided into three major types, namely {N,Num}, {N,Num,Nsg} and {N,Num,Clf}. The historical origins of these structural types are investigated using evidence from old written records together with theoretical approaches, especially grammaticalisation. With cross-linguistic comparison integrated with diachronic approaches, hypothesised evolutionary trajectories of CNNCs are postulated. It is conjectured that the construction consisting of a noun plus a word with a numerical interpretation such as the words meaning ‘alone’ or ‘pair’ may represent a possible initial stage of CNNCs. From that stage onwards, CNNCs have split into many types over time. The development is reversible in terms of structural complexity, and idiosyncratic in some cases. Besides, the contributory factors in the development of CNNCs involve a quantifying function, a non-qualifying function, and a mixture of both.