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1
Comtet, Roger. "V. Žirmunskij et la typologie des langues." Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, no. 52 (August 4, 2017): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2017.331.
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Au cours de sa longue carrière académique, le germaniste V. Žirmunskij s’est illustré aussi bien en histoire et théorie littéraire qu’en folkloristique et linguistique, même si ce dernier volet de son oeuvre est parfois occulté; son oeuvre en linguistique germanique et générale est pourtant considérable et elle est dominée par la problématique de la typologie des langues. Pour évaluer son apport en ce domaine, on procèdera tout d’abord à un bref historique de l’antagonisme entre classification et typologie des langues chez les linguistes du XIXème siècle avant de suivre les différentes étapes de sa réflexion en ce domaine; ses premières études dialectologiques sont conçues dans l’optique de la linguistique aréale, elles associent structuralisme, synchronie et géographie linguistique et lui ouvrent la voie d’une approche purement typologique. La seconde étape est marquée par son application à l’analyse comparée des langues des schémas de N. Marr et I. Meščaninov, synthèse de la typologie et de l’historisme; après avoir d’abord intégré une vision sociologique marxiste à ses recherches, il est amené à retrouver les mêmes schémas d’évolution dans des langues non apparentées ou même privées de tout contact, ce qu’il relie à des modèles universels d’évolution de la pensée humaine suivant une même séquence universelle des différents types de société. Suite à la discussion linguistique de 1950, Žirmunskij revient à la classification génétique traditionnelle en en faisant un préalable indispensable aux études typologiques qu’il va multiplier dans le contexte des années 1960 (la thématique des «universaux»). Cette évolution illustre l’étendue de l’encyclopédisme érudit de Žirmunskij ainsi que son don pour les vastes synthèses et une ouverture d’esprit qui en font un compagnon de route privilégié de la linguistique russe; il est par ailleurs remarquable que les mêmes étapes, la même pensée, se retrouvent dans les études de littérature et de folkloristique comparée qu’il a toujours menées en parallèle. Il est par là, comme tant d’autres illustres savants russes, un digne héritier de la tradition philologique universitaire russe prérévolutionnaire.
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Samain, Didier. "Sinologie et typologie. Deux articles de linguistique générale de Georg von der Gabelentz." Histoire Epistémologie Langage 42, no. 2 (2020): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/hel/2020022.
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L’article contient la traduction et une brève présentation de deux articles importants de Georg von der Gabelentz. Le premier (1881) est une version revue de la conférence inaugurale présentée lors de sa nomination à la chaire des langues chinoise, japonaise et mandchoue à Leipzig. Il montre comment Gabelentz positionne sa discipline face à la grammaire comparée indo-européenne qui servait de référent scientifique pour les linguistes. Le second article, publié en 1894 juste après la mort de l’auteur, introduit en linguistique le terme de typologie. En utilisant des modèles probablement issus des sciences naturelles, l’auteur y esquisse un programme d’approche statistique de la typologie, basé sur des conjonctions de traits, qui annonce les universaux implicatifs de la typologie moderne.
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ATTA, Kouadio Yeboua Germain. "ANALYSE DIDACTIQUE COMPARÉE DES ÉPREUVES D’ÉVALUATION CERTIFICATIVE EN MATHÉMATIQUES AU CM2." Liens, revue internationale des sciences et technologies de l'éducation 1, no. 3 (December 5, 2022): 50–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.61585/pud-liens-v1n316.
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Mots-clés : Evaluation certificative, niveaux taxonomiques, type de consignes, type de connaissances, complexité des compétences Résumé Le basculement curriculaire de la pédagogie par objectifs à l’approche par compétences en Côte d’Ivoire a entrainé une réforme des programmes scolaires en mathématiques au primaire avec de nouvelles modalités d’évaluation. Les évaluations de fin de cycle primaire sont différentes sur trois zones d’examen. L’étude compare la complexité des épreuves certificatives des zones à l’aide de grilles d’analyse bâties avec des cadres didactiques forgés à partir des postulats de Bloom (1969) sur les niveaux taxonomiques, de Nebout-Arkhurst (2007) sur la typologie des consignes, de Tardif (1992) sur la typologie des connaissances et de Grapin et Sayac (2017) sur les facteurs de complexité. Les résultats montrent que des contenus sont convoqués dans les épreuves de toutes les zones et d'autres présentent une irrégularité de présence d’une zone à une autre. La complexité varie en fonction des types d'exercices proposés dans les zones. Ce niveau de complexité des exercices, associé à un certain nombre de facteurs de complexité, détermine la complexité des compétences attendues en approche par compétences.
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Froidefond, Marik. "De l’ostinato au pastiche : approche comparée du comique de répétition en poésie et en musique au XXe siècle." Études littéraires 38, no. 2-3 (September 5, 2007): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016345ar.
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Résumé De l’ostinato au pastiche, la production poétique et musicale du XXe siècle met en oeuvre divers procédés comiques fonctionnant sur des techniques de répétition qu’une approche comparatiste permet d’appréhender. L’élaboration d’une typologie qui prenne en compte, dans leur articulation chaque fois neuve, techniques de répétition, nature du comique engendré, enjeux formels et esthétiques qui en découlent, est à la fois nécessaire et utopique. Utopique en raison du nombre excessif de critères à considérer ; nécessaire parce que ces procédés offrent à l’analyste matière rêvée pour saisir quelques-unes des similarités de fonctionnement qui légitiment la comparaison entre langage poétique et langage musical.
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Sergot, Bertrand, and Nathalie Claret. "La légitimation discursive des stratégies de localisation à l’international : une étude de cas comparée de deux groupes agroalimentaires français." Management international 16, no. 1 (December 14, 2011): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1006917ar.
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Les firmes multinationales (FMN) font face à une contestation publique croissante de leurs stratégies de localisation. Cette contestation, qui s’appuie notamment sur la mobilisation du terme délocalisation, incite leurs dirigeants à produire un discours de légitimation de ces stratégies. Le présent article étudie, à partir de l’analyse comparative et longitudinale des cas des groupes Bonduelle et Bel sur la période 2001-2009, dans quelle mesure la typologie des stratégies discursives de Vaara et al. (2006) constitue une grille d’analyse pertinente pour rendre compte des configurations discursives élaborées par les FMN pour préserver la légitimité de leur stratégie de localisation à l’international.
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Begioni, Louis. "Les spécificités de l’évolution de la langue française dans le cadre d’une typologie lexicale comparée des langues romanes." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 64, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2019.3.02.
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VAN DEN EYNDE, KAREL, and PIET MERTENS. "La valence: l'approche pronominale et son application au lexique verbal." Journal of French Language Studies 13, no. 1 (March 2003): 63–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269503001005.
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L'article décrit le cadre méthodologique de l'approche pronominale et présente la base de données lexicale PROTON, un dictionnaire de valence verbale pour le français, élaboré dans cette approche. La valence y est caractérisée par les paradigmes de pronoms proportionnels (dont les traits s'unifient avec ceux des constituants comportant des éléments lexicaux). On présente, dans une forme actualisée, les notions-clef pour la description des constructions et des schèmes de valence, ainsi que les prolégomènes à la typologie des prédicateurs et de leurs actants. Ensuite on précise le contenu et les conventions formelles du lexique de valence. Une entrée du lexique est commentée à titre d'exemple. Cette même entrée est ensuite comparée aux articles correspondants du dictionnaire de valence spécialisé de Busse et Dubost (1983).
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Begioni, Louis, and Alvaro Rocchetti. "Typologie lexicale comparée des langues romanes : les spécificités de la langue française et leur implication sur la cognition et la culture." Langages N°214, no. 2 (2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lang.214.0033.
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Dussol, B., G. Choukroun, J. M. Halimi, J. P. Fauvel, D. Joly, C. Combe, S. Quéré, and B. Fiquet. "Typologie comparée des malades diabétiques de type 2 porteur d’une néphropathie avec protéinurie traitée ou non par bloqueur du système rénine angiotensine." Néphrologie & Thérapeutique 7, no. 5 (September 2011): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2011.07.217.
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Matis Off, James. "Hearts and Minds in South-East Asian Languages and English: An Essay in the Comparative Lexical Semantics of Psycho-Collocations." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 15, no. 1 (1986): 5–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-90000013.
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Un système général permettant de comparer les expressions se rapportant aux phénomènes psychologiques dans les langues d'Asie et d'Europe est présenté dans les termes du contraste Whorfien entre cryptotype et phénotype. Les psycho-collocations de la classe ouverte (phénotype) sont définies en termes de leur structure morphémique comme étant composées d'un nom commun psychologique et d'un élément verbal ou adjectival (le psycopain) qui peut ou non figurer dans la collocation à titre métaphorique. Plusieurs critères de classification des psycho-collocations sont suggérés en fonction par exemple du domaine sémantique, au degré de référence interpersonnelle de la structure morphosyntaxique, ou du type de métaphore employé. Ces critères sont appliqués de facon combinée, de facon à illustrer le sens de psycho-collocations dans des langues d'Asie du Sud-Est et sino-tibétaines. Les points communs avec des expressions analogues de L'anglais lorsqu'il en existe (les méta-phores employées semblent alors universelles), ou au contraire, les différences (les métaphores sont alors caractéristiques de la langue) sont indiqués. Enfin l'article considère les psycho-collocations du point de vue de la sémantique aréale, illustrant des expressions typiques des langues d'Asie du Sud-Est. En conclusion, les caractéristiques de sémantique aréale des psycho-collocations sont reliées à la typologie phonologique des langues en question, et l'auteur appelle à développer les travaux en sémantique lexicale comparée dans une approche réunissant les positions universaliste et relativiste.
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Freu, Christel. "Écrire l’histoire du travail aujourd’hui: Le cas de l’Empire romain (note critique)." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 73, no. 1 (March 2018): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ahss.2018.113.
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RésumésTrois livres récents questionnent la manière d’aborder le travail sous l’Empire romain et d’en écrire l’histoire : les sources que privilégient les historiens, l’échelle d’observation à laquelle ils se situent et les présupposés théoriques qui les guident. Ces réflexions montrent qu’il existe bien des manières d’écrire l’histoire du travail, un domaine désormais éclaté en multiples sous-champs qui ne dialoguent pas forcément entre eux. Grâce à la relecture de sources traditionnelles, littéraires et épigraphiques, ainsi qu’à l’apport décisif de l’archéologie et des papyrus, l’histoire traditionnelle du travail et des métiers s’est considérablement renouvelée. On s’interroge maintenant sur les causes de la spécialisation poussée des métiers à Rome et sur l’existence d’une véritable division du travail. Par ailleurs, la recherche archéologique aide à améliorer la compréhension des techniques et des processus productifs, et, par là, à dresser une typologie des identités socio-professionnelles des patrons et de leurs employés dans les boutiques et les ateliers romains. Dans une tout autre direction, le travail est considéré, d’un point de vue macro-économique, comme une force à mobiliser par l’entrepreneur : les questions sur la productivité comparée des esclaves et de la main-d’œuvre libre ont été remplacées par celles sur les coûts de transaction du travail salarié et du travail dépendant. Le débat demeure vif entre les historiens qui estiment que le marché du travail n’est pas développé, du fait du poids toujours important des réseaux clientélaires et du travail dépendant, et ceux qui décrivent une économie de marché libre, où le travail est devenu une marchandise.
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Hanson, Stephen E., and Jeffrey S. Kopstein. "Regime Type and Diffusion in Comparative Politics Methodology." Canadian Journal of Political Science 38, no. 1 (March 2005): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423905050043.
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Abstract.In recent years, several prominent political scientists have argued that quantitative and qualitative methodologies should be seen as united by a single logic of scientific inference. Just exactly how this reconciliation of quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches should be effected in practice, however, remains highly contentious. For all its promise, the project of uniting quantitative and qualitative methods in political science has thus reached something of an impasse. Participants on both sides of the quantitative/qualitative debate are convinced that this methodological divide should eventually be transcended, but few have abandoned the conviction that their preferred approach sets the standard by which progress in this endeavor should be judged. Evidently, we still lack consensus on precisely where the distinctive strengths of each methodological approach lie, and how these strengths can be combined effectively in systematic investigations of the political world. In this essay, we argue that a satisfactory synthesis of quantitative and qualitative methods for making causal inferences in comparative politics depends upon the resolution of a prior theoretical problem at the stage of research design: establishing a typology of political regimes and accounting for the mechanisms of their reproduction and diffusion over time and space.Résumé.Ces dernières années, plusieurs politologues éminents ont soutenu qu'il faudrait considérer les méthodologies quantitative et qualitative comme étant unies par une même logique de déduction scientifique. Comment réaliser cette réconciliation des approches quantitative et qualitative dans la pratique demeure cependant un sujet hautement contesté. Tout prometteur qu'il soit, le projet d'unifier les méthodes quantitative et qualitative en science politique se retrouve en fait dans une impasse. Les participants des deux côtés du débat quantitatif/qualitatif sont persuadés qu'il faudra un jour transcender cette fracture méthodologique, mais ils sont peu nombreux à avoir abandonné la conviction que l'approche qu'ils privilégient établit la norme qui permettra d'évaluer les progrès accomplis. Il est évident qu'il n'y a pas encore de consensus quant aux forces respectives précises de chaque méthode, ni sur la manière de les combiner efficacement pour procéder à des études systématiques du monde politique. Dans cet article, nous avançons qu'une synthèse satisfaisante des méthodes quantitative et qualitative pour arriver à des déductions causales en politique comparée exige qu'on s'emploie à résoudre d'abord un problème théorique à l'étape de la conception de la recherche, à savoir l'établissement d'une typologie des régimes politiques et l'inventaire des mécanismes de leur reproduction et de leur diffusion dans l'espace et dans le temps.
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Cantone, Stefano, and Claudio José Von Zuben. "The Hindwings of Ants: A Phylogenetic Analysis." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2019 (April 14, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7929717.
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In this study, we compare and analyze different ant taxa hindwing morphologies with phylogenetic hypotheses of the Family Formicidae (Hymenoptera). The hindwings are classified into three Typologies based on progressive veins reduction. This analysis follows a revision of the hindwing morphology in 291 extant and eight fossil genera. The distribution of different Typologies was analyzed in the two Clades: Formicoid and Poneroid. The results show a different distribution of Typologies, with a higher genera percentage of hindwings of Typology I in the Clade Poneroid. A further analysis, based on genetic affinities, was performed by dividing the Clades into Subclades, showing a constant presence of hindwings of Typology I in almost all the Subclades, albeit with a different percentage. The presence of hindwings of Typology I (hypothesized as more ancestral) in the Subclades, indicates the genera that could be morphologically more similar to their ancestral ones. This study represents the first revision of the ants’ hindwings, showing an overview of the distribution of different Typologies.
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Bär, Jochen A. "August Wilhelm Schlegels Unterscheidung des ‘synthetischen’ und des ‘analytischen’ Sprachbaus: Pionierleistung der Sprachtypologie oder sprachphilosophisch-literaturkritische Reminiszenz?" Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 29, no. 1-2 (2002): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.29.1-2.07bar.
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SUMMARY August Wilhelm Schlegel’s (1767–1845) distinction between synthetic und analytic languages, first set out in 1818, has had great effect on language typology. By neglecting the intellectual context in which it was originally conceived, however, Schlegel’s distinction is presented misleadingly. His frame was early romantic theory of language re-poetization in which he is assuming three stages of development: First, every language is originally poetic, which means that at the beginning of mankind all human faculties of mind — sensuality, imagination, reason, etc. — operated in harmonic unison. Then, in the second stage of development, language is changing to a prosaic condition, i.e., it is losing its poetic qualities (though never completely) while it is moulded for the purposes of reason. Yet this does not mean that it could or should not become poetic again; in fact this kind of restitution is exactly what Schlegel regards as desirable. While he does not intend to restitute the original stage, he wants to give language a new quality by uniting original poeticity and prosa. This program is analogous to the literary theory of Early German Romanticism and its program of a ‘progressive universal poetry’ (“progressive Universalpoesie”), set out by A. W. Schlegel’s younger brother, Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829). Whereas for Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835), all languages are of comparable value and can serve equally as objects of language studies, A. W. Schlegel’s typological distinction is a judgmental one. Its implication is to re-synthetize the analytic languages, which for him is equivalent with (re)improving them. As a result, one may rightly ask whether A. W. Schlegel should be counted among the founders of comparative linguistics and language typology as it is usually done in the history of linguistics.RESUMÉ La distinction entre langues synthétiques et analytiques que August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845) a exposée pour la première fois en 1818, a eu un grand effet sur la typologie des langues. Mais on s’en est servi injustement parce qu’on néglige le contexte des idées, dans lequel elle fut d’abord conçue. Il s’agit d’une théorie de Schlegel qui vise à la ‘repoétisation’ de la langue et qui distingue trois degrés d’évolution de la langue: chaque langue est à l’origine poétique, c’est-à-dire qu’au début de l’histoire de la conscience humaine, toutes les facultés de l’homme — la sensualité, l’imagination, la raison etc. — opérèrent en concordance harmonique. Ensuite, la langue devient prosaïque, c’est-à-dire qu’étant cultivée pour les buts du raisonnement, elle perd sa poéticité (bien que jamais complètement). Cela ne veut pas dire, cependant, que la langue ne pourrait et ne devrait pas redevenir poétique de nouveau; précisément cela est l’intention de Schlegel. Il ne veut pas, toutefois, restituer l’état original, mais donner à la langue une qualité nouvelle par la synthèse de la poéticité d’origine et de la prose. Ce programme est précisément analogue à la théorie littéraire du premier romantisme allemand avec son idée de la poésie universelle progressive — ‘progressive Universalpoesie’ — que Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829), le frère cadet d’August Wilhelm Schlegel, a développé. Dans la pensée d’un auteur comme Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835), toutes les langues se valent et sont dignes d’étude. La distinction de Schlegel, par contre, introduit une hiérarchie et implique l’effort d’une ‘résynthétisation’, qui, aux yeux de l’auteur, signifie l’amélioration de la langue. Considérée ainsi, la question se pose, si Schlegel peut à juste titre compter parmi les pères fondateurs de la linguistique comparée et de la typologie des langues comme on le fait traditionellement dans les histoires de la linguistique.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG August Wilhelm Schlegels (1767–1845) 1818 zum ersten Mal vorgetragene Unterscheidung von synthetischen und analytischen Sprachen hat in der Sprachtypologie große Wirkung entfaltet. Sie wird allerdings in historisch gesehen unangemessener Weise aufgegriffen, wenn der geistesgeschichtliche Kontext vernachlässigt wird, in dem sie entstanden ist. Es handelt sich dabei um Schlegels frühromantische Theorie von der Repoetisierung der Sprache, die drei Stufen der Sprachentwicklung annimmt: Jede Sprache ist erstens ursprünglich poetisch, was hier soviel heißt, als daß zu Beginn der Geschichte des menschlichen Bewußtseins alle Vermögen des Menschen — Sinnlichkeit, Phantasie, Verstand usw. — in harmonischer Übereinstimmung gewirkt haben. Sie wird zweitens prosaisch, d.h., sie verliert ihre Poetizität (wenngleich nie völlig) im Zuge ihrer Ausbildung zu Verstandeszwecken. Das heißt drittens jedoch nicht, daß sie nicht wieder poetisch werden könne und solle; genau dies ist Schlegels Anliegen. Er will freilich nicht den Ausgangszustand als solchen wiederherstellen, sondern der Sprache durch eine Synthesis von ursprünglicher Poetizität und Prosa eine neue Qualität geben. Dieses Programm findet seine genaue Analogie in der frühromantischen Literaturtheorie und ihrem Postulat einer ‘progressiven Universalpoesie’, das Schlegels Bruder Friedrich (1772–1829) aufgestellt hat. Während für einen Autor wie Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) alle Sprachen gleichermaßen wertvoll und in gleichem Maße Gegenstand des Sprachstudiums sind, beinhaltet Schlegels Unterscheidung eine Wertung und impliziert Arbeit an einer Resynthetisierung, das heißt für ihn: einer Verbesserung der Sprache. Die Frage stellt sich, ob Schlegel unter diesem Aspekt zu Recht zu den Gründervätern der vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft und der Sprachtypologie gezählt werden kann.
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Raheem, Jesmil Abdul. "The Archetype and Shifting Morphology of Sri Lankan Mosque Architecture." Praxis International Journal of Social Science and Literature 6, no. 4 (April 25, 2023): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51879/pijssl/060402.
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Sri Lanka is home to a number of historic mosques that date back over a thousand years and were built during various eras. In an attempt to fill the knowledge gap on such topic, particularly in regard to the built context of historic mosques in Sri Lanka, this paper illustrates the plan typology of mosques and compares them with the known Muslims architectural typologies. Is the design of the historical mosques in Sri Lanka related to a particular Islamic architectural style? Was the primary inquiry driving the study? The research's goal is to examine mosque plan arrangement typologies and determine how closely these typologies resemble well-known Muslims design elements. The approach includes providing examples of well-known Islamic architectural styles from around the globe and choosing historical mosques to graphically analyze and compare with Muslims architectural styles. A typological trend in Sri Lanka's historic mosques was identified through research. The discussion in this article emphasizes the similarity between the known Muslims architectural mosque typologies and the typology of historical mosques in Sri Lanka. As a consequence, the architectural floor plan typologies of Sri Lanka's historic mosques were identified. Numerous kinds of plans, including Ottoman, Umayyad, and Mughal were found to be effective. The results of the recent study showed that Sri Lanka's ancient mosques have different types of plans. This paper will discuss the history of the development of structures and the origins of their various components.
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Dobrova, V. V. "Typology of pedagogical situations: cross-cultural analysis." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 29, no. 3 (June 28, 2024): 664–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2024-29-3-664-672.
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Importance. The natural appeal to the possibility of defining certain typological features that would contribute to the differentiation of pedagogical situations leads to the need for a certain systematization of knowledge and experience. It is relevant to consider and compare the classification basis of typologies, since there is still no certainty about how a pedagogical situation should be described.Research methods. The comparative analysis, the content analysis, the method of interpretation and contextual analysis.Result and Discussion. The analyzed typologies of pedagogical situations in Russian pedagogy differ in typological basis, principles, understanding of the essence of pedagogical situations, which makes their systematization ambiguous, complex and practically impossible to use in everyday pedagogical practice. Foreign typologies of pedagogical situations are built on fundamentally different grounds, based on the understanding of the essence of the educational process, participants and the nature of changes. The analysis has shown that all the studied typologies of situations do not simplify the use and systematization of pedagogical situations, but being built on mixed basis, bring confusion in understanding and operating of pedagogical situations.Conclusion. The diversity of descriptions and ambiguity of definitions of pedagogical situations makes it difficult to create a complete typology and choose the clear basis. Based on our definition of the pedagogical situation, we considered it possible to propose clearer and more systematic basis for typology and to identify 3 types of pedagogical situations. Such a logical basis can be the ability of a pedagogical situation to reach the solution of a pedagogical task. Unlike all the analyzed situations, the proposed typology is based on clear systemic typological basis, allows differentiating and ordering of pedagogical situations, is easy to use.
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Chevalier, Tom. "Comment faire des typologies en politique comparée ?" Revue internationale de politique comparée Vol. 29, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 105–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ripc.294.0105.
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Carpentier, Genevieve, Joséphine Mukamurera, Mylène Leroux, and Sawsen Lakhal. "VALIDATION OF A TYPOLOGY OF NOVICE TEACHERS’ SUPPORT NEEDS AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BASED ON SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS." McGill Journal of Education 54, no. 3 (June 4, 2020): 582–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069771ar.
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The first years of teaching are challenging. Knowledge of the kind of support new teachers require is essential. Existing typologies date back from the 1980s and the early 2000s. The aim of this article is twofold: 1) to validate a typology of novice teachers’ support needs using confirmatory factor analysis and 2) to compare these needs in relation to different sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, employment status, teaching level, and field of study). The quantitative data were drawn from a survey (N = 156) of new teachers. The validated typology highlights five types of support needs. Some key differences emerge from the comparative analyses based on respondents’ age, employment status, and field of study. The results presented could help serve as a framework for better targeting the support to be offered to beginning teachers.
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Bosselin, Bruno. "Le Protomagdalénien du Blot, étude typologique comparée." Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 89, no. 3 (1992): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bspf.1992.9505.
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Kaminski, Abigail, Dana Marie Bauer, Kathleen P. Bell, Cynthia S. Loftin, and Erik J. Nelson. "Using landscape metrics to characterize towns along an urban-rural gradient." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 10 (July 1, 2021): 2937–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01287-7.
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Abstract Context Urban-rural gradients are useful tools when examining the influence of human disturbances on ecological, social and coupled systems, yet the most commonly used gradient definitions are based on single broad measures such as housing density or percent forest cover that fail to capture landscape patterns important for conservation. Objectives We present an approach to defining urban–rural gradients that integrates multiple landscape pattern metrics related to ecosystem processes important for natural resources and wildlife sustainability. Methods We develop a set of land cover composition and configuration metrics and then use them as inputs to a cluster analysis process that, in addition to grouping towns with similar attributes, identifies exemplar towns for each group. We compare the outcome of the cluster-based urban-rural gradient typology to outcomes for four commonly-used rule-based typologies and discuss implications for resource management and conservation. Results The resulting cluster-based typology defines five town types (urban, suburban, exurban, rural, and agricultural) and notably identifies a bifurcation along the gradient distinguishing among rural forested and agricultural towns. Landscape patterns (e.g., core and islet forests) influence where individual towns fall along the gradient. Designations of town type differ substantially among the five different typologies, particularly along the middle of the gradient. Conclusions Understanding where a town occurs along the urban-rural gradient could aid local decision-makers in prioritizing and balancing between development and conservation scenarios. Variations in outcomes among the different urban-rural gradient typologies raise concerns that broad-measure classifications do not adequately account for important landscape patterns. We suggest future urban-rural gradient studies utilize more robust classification approaches.
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LODGE, A. "Review. Vol. 2. Linguistique comparee et typologie des langues romanes." French Studies 40, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/40.4.501.
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Wennberg, Peter, Kristina Berglund, Ulf Berggren, Jan Balldin, and Claudia Fahlke. "The Cloninger Type I/Type II Typology: Configurations and Personality Profiles in Socially Stable Alcohol Dependent Patients." Advances in Psychiatry 2014 (December 17, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/346157.
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Many attempts have been made to derive alcohol use typologies or subtypes of alcohol dependence and this study aimed at validating the type I/type II typology in a treatment sample of socially stable alcohol dependent males and females. A second aim was to compare the two types with respect to their temperament profiles. Data was part of a larger ongoing longitudinal study, the Gothenburg Alcohol Research Project, and included 269 alcohol dependent males and females recruited from three treatment centers. The results showed that type II alcoholism occurred as a more homogenous type than type I alcoholism, and type I alcoholism seemed too heterogeneous to be summarized into one single type. When adapting a strict classification, less than a third of the study population could be classified in accordance with the typology, suggesting that the typology is not applicable, at least in socially stable individuals with alcohol dependence. The results also showed that type II alcoholics showed higher levels of novelty seeking than did the individuals that were classified as type I alcoholics. Quite surprisingly, the individuals classified as type II alcoholics also showed higher levels of harm avoidance than did the individuals that were classified as type I alcoholics.
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Moraes, Matheus Henrique Morato de, Iuri Fazolin Fraga, Isabella Silva Menezes, Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr, Tulio Hallak Panzera, Rodrigo Teixeira Santos Freire, Alfredo Manuel Pereira Geraldes Dias, et al. "Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Performance of Timber Flat Truss Typologies for Different Strength Classes via Optimization Algorithm." Buildings 13, no. 8 (July 31, 2023): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081946.
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This study aimed to compare the mechanical performance of two truss typologies, the modified Fan and Howe trusses, using five different wood species: Cambará-rosa, Cupiúba, Angelim-pedra, Garapa, and Jatobá. The spans considered were 6, 9, 12, and 15 m, and the optimization algorithm used was a swarm intelligence algorithm to minimize the structure weight. The study found that wood is a sustainable and viable option for truss constructions, with different wood species having distinct mechanical properties that must be considered when designing the structure. The Howe truss typology presented lower results for the objective function in comparison with the modified Fan truss. The distribution of normal forces in the truss correlated with the characteristic strength in compression and tensile of the species. The Howe truss typology presented a larger amplitude in relation to the modified Fan truss typology in most of the conditions adopted for the Ultimate Limit State constraints. Constraints associated with deflection in the immediate condition were observed to limit the optimization process. The study used the matrix analysis method to evaluate internal efforts and nodal displacements in the trusses. In summary, this study demonstrates the importance of considering all constraints when dimensioning timber structures and the benefits of using different wood species for sustainable construction.
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Chandra Balodi, Krishna. "Strategic orientation and organizational forms: an integrative framework." European Business Review 26, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 188–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-08-2013-0106.
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Purpose – This paper aims to bring together strategic orientation (SO) and organizational forms literatures by proposing refined SO typologies based on various combinations of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and market orientation (MO); and postulating typical organizational forms (configurations) for proposed SO types relative to each other in terms of parameters identified from organizational forms literature. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper employs selective-intensive review of literature dealing with: both EO and MO to identify extant SO typologies, relevant strategic attributes, and relationships between EO, MO and strategic attributes; and organizational forms to identify parameters. Tabular frameworks are used to compare the proposed and extant SO types, posit strategic attributes for the proposed SO types, and compare ideal organizational profiles across SO types. Findings – EO and MO are related constructs that capture distinct aspects of business philosophy. Relationships of EO and MO with each strategic attributes are summarized. To explain differences across all attributes simultaneously, using combinations of EO and MO, five SO types – prospector, analyzer, proactive defender, reactive defender, and reactor – are proposed. Relative organizational profiles are specified for proposed SO types, using parameters strategy, structure, resources, and environment. Originality/value – This paper brings together sporadic attempts towards developing SO typology and explicitly integrates SO and organizational forms literatures. It offers ground work for developing testable propositions and tabular frameworks that may serve as heuristics into nature of firms' orientations and their performance implications.
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Solikhah, Nafiah, and Andi Surya Kurnia. "ECLECTIC ART DECO IN SURAKARTA: COMPARISON OF THREE RESIDENCES IN SURAKARTA (LAWEYAN, BALUWARTI, KAUMAN)." DIMENSI (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment) 45, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/dimensi.45.2.141-152.
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Art Deco emerged from the change of thinking ways of a group of people who one of them backed from the establishment of the economy. In Surakarta, there are areas that get influence Art Deco style, among others: Baluwarti, Laweyan, and Kauman. The problem is the absorption and adaptation of elements of Javanese culture and other culture that produce different art deco typology in each object of study. This study aims to compare the absorption and adaptation of elements of Javanese culture and other culture that produces different art deco typologies in three different areas in Surakarta.With different backgrounds, the absorption and adaptation of Art Deco style in residential houses in each region is different. But the common thread is the absorption of several styles, namely: Java, Art Deco, Art Nouveau, Middle East, and China which finally created the eclectic Art Deco style.
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Benslimane, Nawal, Wided Ratiba Biara, and Hocine Bougdah. "Traditional Versus Contemporary Dwellings in a Desert Environment: The Case of Bechar, Algeria." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.4.21595.
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Traditional architecture has always demonstrated a strong relationship between the buildings and their environment, as these are designed with the climatic conditions and socio-cultural values in mind. However, multiple challenges facing traditional buildings are linked to the ability of communities to sustainably preserve themin an ever changing and very different urban fabric. At a time of great socio-economic change and technological progress, sustainability, both tangible and intangible, means preserving as much heritage as possible, would be an important factor in restoring and preserving the city’s identity. The traditional “ksour”settlements have proved their environmental and socio-cultural credentials. Given that this dwelling typology is fast disappearing and being replaced by villas and apartments using contemporary production methods and materials, this work aims to compare the two dwelling typologies with a view to test to what extent the latter ones do fulfil their environmental and socio-cultural roles and to identify what lessons, if any, can be learned from traditional settlements. The research presented here, which was undertaken using a qualitative approach based on case study analysis, is likely to contribute to a better understanding of the design and functioning of the“ksar”, which is a fast disappearing urban dwelling typology.
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Gruden, Chiara. "Pedestrian safety at roundabouts: a comparison of the behavior in Italy and Slovenia." European Transport/Trasporti Europei, no. 85 (December 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.85.1.
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Due to their ability to reduce conflict points, roundabouts are considered one of the safest infrastructure typologies for motorized traffic. While the increase in drivers’ safety was largely demonstrated, and some efforts were spent on the side of cyclists, pedestrian safety was not extensively analysed. The present paper analyses pedestrian safety at roundabouts set in two different locations, Italy and Slovenia. This research highlights differences and similarities in pedestrian behavior at the same infrastructure typology, considering the effects risen by diverse road habits. Starting from footages recorded at the two locations, behavioral analysis and a proactive safety analysis are run. Statistical tests are developed to compare the two data samples. Behavioral results show for both locations faster pedestrian paces than expected. As for safety, the surrogate safety measures’ percentages overcoming the thresholds for dangerous events underline the need to find solutions from both the infrastructural side and pedestrian safety awareness.
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FIGUEROA-ARMIJOS, MARIA, and THOMAS G. JOHNSON. "ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL AMERICA ACROSS TYPOLOGIES, GENDER AND MOTIVATION." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 18, no. 02 (June 2013): 1350014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946713500143.
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This study examines the effect of rurality on early-stage necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship among women and men in America from three rural typology perspectives. To achieve this objective, we build a dataset that combines GEM U.S. individual data for 2005—2010 and county economic characteristics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau. We use three typologies to define rurality and compare the results, the OMB metro-nonmetro classification system (2003), Isserman (2005) and county population density. We further analyze this data in subsamples by gender using cross-section time-series rare events logistic regression with clustered robust errors and year fixed effects. Key findings indicate the three rural typologies show similar results in magnitude, direction and significance, although population density shows sensitivity to the rurality variable and subsamples. Also, compared to women in OMB metro counties in America, women who live in OMB nonmetro counties have a higher probability of engaging in opportunity entrepreneurship. This probability increases with college education and decreases if the woman lives alone or is retired. Among men, living in OMB nonmetro or Isserman rural counties also increases their probability of engaging in opportunity entrepreneurship. College education and being African American also increases this probability. Predictors of necessity entrepreneurship are having an income below 50,000 among women and being employed part time among men.
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Vauchez, Mahaut, Jacopo Famiglietti, Kevin Autelitano, Morgane Colombert, Rossano Scoccia, and Mario Motta. "Life Cycle Assessment of District Heating Infrastructures: A Comparison of Pipe Typologies in France." Energies 16, no. 9 (May 5, 2023): 3912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093912.
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Identifying decarbonization strategies at the district level is increasingly necessary to align the development of urban projects with European climate neutrality objectives. It is well known that district heating and cooling networks are an attractive energy system solution because they permit the integration of renewable energies and local excess of hot or cold sources. The detailed design and optimization of network infrastructures are essential to achieve the full potential of this energy system. The authors conducted an attributional life cycle assessment to compare the environmental profile of five distribution network infrastructures (i.e., pipes, heat carrier fluid, trenches, heat exchangers, valves, and water pumps) based on a study case in Marseille, France. The work aims to put into perspective the environmental profile of subsystems comprising a district heating infrastructure, and compare pipe typologies that can be used to guide decision-making in eco-design processing. Rigid and flexible piping systems were compared separately. The results show that the main impact source is the pipe subsystem, followed by the trench works for most impact categories. The authors underlined the importance of pipe typology choice, which can reduce emissions by up to 80% and 77% for rigid and flexible systems, respectively.
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Koffi, Affoué Bénédicte, Atta Koffi Sebastien Datte, Armel Kouadio Koblan, Amoin Marie-Andrée Kouame, Gabriel Ettienne Ake, Aminata Bedou-Bakayoko, Kan Jean Kouame, Kouakou Luc Philippe Kouadio, and Jean Patrice Roger Jourda. "Evaluation qualitative et typologie des eaux de forage de la sous-préfecture de Boguédia (Centre-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, no. 6 (January 18, 2024): 2536–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i6.31.
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L’eau destinée à la consommation humaine doit respecter un certain nombre de critères et directives recommandées par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). Dans les pays en développement, obtenir de l’eau saine pour la consommation humaine est devenu un sérieux problème du fait d’un manque de protection de l’environnement. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la qualité hydrochimique et la typologie des eaux de forages consommées par la population de la Sous- préfecture de Boguédia. Les paramètres physico-chimiques des eaux ont été comparés aux normes préconisées par l’OMS pour les eaux de consommation. La typologie de ces eaux a été déterminée à l’aide du diagramme de piper. Les résultats montrent que les eaux sont acides (pH moyen de 6,25), légèrement chaudes, (température moyen de 27,16°C), faiblement minéralisées (CE = 123 μS/cm). Certains paramètres (K+, NO2-, HCO3-, Fe2+, PO43-, F-) des eaux de quelques forages présentent des teneurs supérieures aux normes OMS. Le diagramme de Piper a montré que toutes les eaux sont regroupées en quatre hydrofaciès: les eaux Bicarbonatées calciques et magnésiennes, les eaux bicarbonatées calciques, les eaux bicarbonatées sodiques et potassiques et les eaux chlorurées sulfatées calciques et magnésiennes. Au regard de cette étude, il ressort que les eaux de certains forages, notamment celles des localités de Boguédia, Bekora et Kibouo nécessitent un traitement préalable afin d’être aptes à la consommation.
Drinking water must comply with several criteria and guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). In developing countries, access to safe drinking water is becoming challenging due to a lack of environmental protection. The aim of this study was to determine the hydrochemical quality and typology of borehole water consumed by the population of the Boguédia sub-prefecture. The water's physico-chemical parameters were compared with the WHO’s standards for drinking water. The typology of these waters was determined using the Piper diagram. The results show that the water is acidic (average pH 6.25), slightly warm (average temperature 27.16°C), with low mineral content (EC = 123 μS/cm). Some parameters (K+, NO2-, HCO3-, Fe2+, PO4-, F) in some samples exceeded WHO standards for drinking water. The Piper diagram shows that all the waters are grouped into four hydrofacies: calcium-magnesium bicarbonate waters, calcium-bicarbonate waters, sodium-potassium bicarbonate waters and calcium-magnesium chloride-sulfate waters. The study revealed that water from certain boreholes, notably those in Boguédia, Bekora and Kibouo, requires prior treatment before it is fit for consumption.
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Jankowski, P., K. Tomala, E. Szpadzik, N. Baryłko-Pikielna, and Wasiak-Zys G. "Sensory typology of apples used to evaluate scab-resistant cultivars as compared to known commercial apples." Horticultural Science 43, No. 2 (May 20, 2016): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/40/2015-hortsci.
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Ferent-Pipas, Marina. "Flexicurity in the EU28 Countries: A Multiyear Composite Indicator Proposal." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 71, no. 1 (March 8, 2024): 43–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2024-0006.
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This study computes a flexicurity index for the EU28 countries for 2001-2019 following the European Commission’s four components of flexicurity model. The index allows the ex-post assessment of flexicurity efforts and efficiency. Following the computation of the index, we compare its values against the theoretical flexicurity typologies and against other empirical flexicurity groupings to assess their (dis)similarities. Even though Northern and Western countries generally have higher flexicurity scores than Southern and Eastern states, the study shows some countries deviate from their theoretical performance. Thus, some of the Continental and Mediterranean countries have flexicurity values like those of the Nordic group. Moreover, the flexicurity regimes are not static as the theoretical typology suggests: while Denmark and France are always in the top performers’ group, other countries change their performance throughout the 2001-2019 period. The flexicurity index correlates highly with empirical country groupings in the literature. The highest correlation is with country groupings using the European Commission’s four components of flexicurity model, followed by the Golden Danish Triangle, and lastly, the Wilthagen and Tros’ flexicurity matrix. In the end, we compare EU countries’ performance in the flexicurity index scores with their performance in selected employment and unemployment rates, labor productivity, and poverty rates. Results suggest that higher flexicurity performance correlates generally with better labor market and social outcomes, the highest correlations being in the case of labor productivity rates.
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Samur, Serdar, and Merve Üsküplü. "Analyzing Existing and Targeted Culture Typologies in the Light of the Strategy Document in Foundation Universities: The Case of A Foundation University." World Journal of Education 11, no. 6 (December 12, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wje.v11n6p40.
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Universities are multi-cultural, complicated, social education organizations. The presence of academic and administrative employees at these organizations might result in cultural differentiation, which is influenced by changing environmental conditions and social change dynamics. The purpose of this research is to determine the foundation university's dominant current and targeted cultural typologies using a foundation university as an example and to compare them to the university's target culture typology based on an analysis of the university strategy document. This comparison will aid in defining the perspectives of the organization's members through the concept of culture to achieve the university's strategic goals. Also, the examination of the strategy document, mission, the vision of the university and at the same time questioning the organization members’ opinions about this topic fills a hole in the literature in terms of observing two sides of the coin; “rulers” and “ruled”. In addition, we need to start to gain knowledge about foundation universities’ organizational culture because we already know that cultural awareness is crucial for an organization lifetime and this knowledge comes from the analyses of it. Among the different approaches used throughout the world to define organizational culture, Cameron and Quinn's "Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument in Competing Values Framework" was employed in the study. This research was conducted with a multi-modal methodological approach by using both quantitative and qualitative methods together with the questionnaire and document analysis. According to the findings, university organization members' current (market-competition) and targeted (clan-collaboration) organizational culture typology interpretations diverge from the university's strategy on the same subject.
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Wesolowski, Brian C. "Exploring rater cognition: A typology of raters in the context of music performance assessment." Psychology of Music 45, no. 3 (September 16, 2016): 375–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735616665004.
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This manuscript sought to investigate rater cognition by exploring rater types based upon differential severity and leniency associated with rating scale items, rating scale category functioning, and dimensions of music performance assessment. The purpose of this study was to empirically identify typologies of operational raters based upon systematic differential severity indices in the context of large ensemble music performance assessment. A rater cognition information-processing model was explored based upon two frameworks: a framework for scoring and a framework for audition. Rater scoring behavior was examined using a framework for scoring, where raters’ mental processes compare auditory images to the scoring criteria used to generate a scoring decision. The scoring decisions were evaluated using the Multifaceted Rasch Partial Credit Measurement Model. A rater typology was then examined under the framework of audition, where similar schemata were defined through raters’ clustering of differential severity indices related to items and compared across performance dimensions. The results provided three distinct rater-types: (a) the syntactical rater; (b) the expressive rater; and (c) the mental representation rater. Implications for fairness and precision in the assessment process are discussed as well as considerations for validity of scoring processes.
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Barkhordar, Seyyed Yahya, and Reza Fatemi. "A Comparison between the Translation Dichotomies Suggested by Juliane House and Lawrence Venuti." Journal of Practical Studies in Education 1, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jpse.v1i2.13.
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Juliane House has split translation into “overt” and “covert” types. Translation has been classified by Lawrence Venuti into “domestication” and “foreignization”. This research attempted to compare the translation typologies rendered by House and Venuti. House’ and Venuti’s translation typologies are similar in 8 points and differ in 4 ones. Overt translation corresponds to foreignization and covert translation to domestication. Dichotomy is neither superior nor inferior to the others.
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Passet, Olivier. "Durée du travail et performances comparées des marchés du travail de l'OCDE." Revue de l'OFCE 66, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 61–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reof.p1998.66n1.0061.
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Résumé Cette étude propose différentes mesures de la durée du travail selon des méthodes homogènes. Ces dernières permettent, par recoupement, de réduire l'incertitude des classements parmi 21 pays de l'OCDE. Leur rapprochement avec les indicateurs de performance du marché du travail ne débouche pas sur une relation simple entre durée du travail d'une part, taux de chômage ou d'emploi d'autre part. Cette comparaison indique, en général, un avantage aux situations extrêmes (forte ou faible durée du travail) en matière de chômage, tandis que les positions peu typées seraient les moins favorables. Elle permet aussi d'établir une typologie entre pays à durée faible, pays à durée forte mais répartie de façon hétérogène entre individus, et pays à durée forte et homogène, la prime en matière d'emploi et de chômage allant aux deux premiers cas.
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Chornous, O. V. "ANTHROPONYMS AS THE BASIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE ONYME SYSTEM." Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, no. 28 (September 28, 2021): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2021.28.235531.
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The purpose of the article is to summarize and supplement key information about anthroponyms as basic components of the onymic system by referring to English-language lexicographic works and terminology registers. The object of the study is anthroponyms as the basic components of the onymic system. The subject of the study is the specificity of terminological designation, definition and typology of anthroponyms in Ukrainian and foreign sources. Methods of research are predetermined by the purpose and tasks put in the article. The main ones are comparative analyses, observation method, analysis of the scientific literature, method of classification, descriptive, comparative, and historical methods as well as methods of generalization and abstraction. They make it possible to clarify the concept of anthroponym, to define the specificity of functioning in different resources, to draw conclusions on the typology of anthroponyms. The term «anthroponym» belongs to the category of international and is firmly established in scientific linguistic communication for proper names of people. The chronology of its appearance in foreign and domestic sources varies, but can be most generally described as the second half of the twentieth century. Presence in the most authoritative terminology registers and dictionaries has contributed to popularization of the term «anthroponym» among researches of different countries and has supported its relevance for many decades. The analysed English-speaking and Ukrainian lexicographic works are mostly unanimous in defining anthroponym as a name of a human being, but we find particularly valuable more informative definitions, which contain information on the function and peculiarities of anthroponyms or represent a typology of antroponyms. The anthroponym typologies proposed by the authors vary considerably in quantitative and qualitative parameters, making it difficult to compare them with the corresponding material in Englishlanguage sources. The results of the analyses validate the observations of scholars from different countries that terminological homogeneity does not exist at the international level, which makes translation of terms and comparative research difficult.
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Mantino, Francesco, Giovanna De Fano, and Gianluca Asaro. "Evaluating the Impact of Long-Term Demographic Changes on Local Participation in Italian Rural Policies (2014–2020): A Spatial Autoregressive Econometric Model." Land 13, no. 10 (September 28, 2024): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13101581.
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This study elaborates on a typology of demographic change and tests this definition at the lowest granular level (LAU2, municipality) with official data. This typology distinguishes between fragile and resilient municipalities based on population dynamics (in terms of duration and intensity) over 1991–2021. This study’s second aim is to elaborate a spatial autoregressive econometric model to evaluate to what extent and in which direction the rate of participation of potential beneficiaries of the Rural Development Programmes (RDPs) of 2014–2020 is affected by demographic change and other explanatory variables. Regression models compare the results of the OLS (aspatial) and spatial autoregressive models (SAR) of four types of participation rates (all RDP schemes; all LEADER schemes; sectoral schemes of RDP and LEADER; non-sectoral schemes of RDPs and LEADER). This comparison makes it possible to understand the differences between centralised and decentralised management and between sectoral and broader rural-targeted schemes. The results of the models appear attractive in interpreting the role of RDP instruments in different regions and local areas. First, the rate of participation is strongly dependent on macro-regional differences. Regarding the demographic factors at the local level, this study highlights that demographic fragility does not necessarily hamper the use of RDP measures. Conversely, the participation rate in RDP policy schemes seems particularly significant in very fragile areas, whereas significance has yet to be proved in other demographic typologies. This result holds particularly true for the policy uptake of non-sectoral schemes. Furthermore, LEADER decentralised interventions fit the fragile areas more than resilient and vital ones due to the territorially targeted approach followed by the Local Action Groups.
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Urenev, Valeryi, and David Pishchev. "TEC TYPOLOGY USING PENTATONIC SEALS." Architectural Bulletin of KNUCA, no. 22-23 (December 12, 2021): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2519-8661.2021.22-23.210-219.
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Thematic entertainment complexes are an extremely wide field in which various projects are built. From religious buildings and museums to dinosaur parks and thematic complexes dedicated to cinema. At the moment, TEC do not have a typology. They cannot be classified and systematized. The breadth of topics, sizes, target audiences and placement options is so great that one letter can not describe it. Therefore, it was decided to develop such a system. This will allow us to compare, at first glance, not comparative things, but in conjunction with the final table of the article "Analysis of psychological preconditions for the formation of TEC using the Maslow Pyramid" [2], we can analyze, evaluate, rate and compare different thematic entertainment complexes.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing methods of typology of thematic entertainment complexes. Identify those items by which you can still classify thematic entertainment complexes. Develop a graphic display for each item and assemble it into a single, compact scheme for easy reading and placement in the design of the architectural environment.
Then let's analyze the real thematic entertainment complex. For example, take Disneyland Paris, as the brightest representative of this type of building.
The scientific novelty of the study is that we will form a typological system that will allow in a compact version to encrypt all the features of the thematic entertainment complex. Its size, location, topic, purpose, target audience, etc.
As a result, we get a method of analysis of thematic entertainment complexes, which will allow you to quickly analyze thematic entertainment complexes, compare them with each other and more clearly structure existing and future complexes.
It will also help the end visitor to immediately understand exactly where he spent and what to expect from the institution.
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André, Christine. "Les typologies des systèmes de santé en Europe. Quelles évolutions ?" Économie appliquée 60, no. 1 (2007): 37–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.2007.1827.
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Les évolutions des systèmes de santé en Europe depuis 1980 sont comparées dans cet article en combinant analyse économétrique des dépenses et caractérisation des réformes adoptées. On examine les typologies qui peuvent être associées à ces transformations.
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Perin, Lucie, Patrice Dumas, and Mathieu Vigne. "Representing Cattle Farming around the World: A Conceptual and Holistic Framework for Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment." Ruminants 2, no. 4 (September 23, 2022): 360–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ruminants2040025.
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Around the world, cattle farming systems are diverse and lead to diverse environmental and socio-economic consequences. To assess these consequences, the diversity of cattle farming needs to be represented. A conceptual framework based on three inter-linked concepts (management types, animal profiles and lineage groups) is proposed resulting in two typologies, and tested on cattle systems in Kenya. The management type typology provides an understanding of the cattle farming practices across the world. Animal profiles, defined by the animal’s age and sex, and used together with management types, serve as a convenient unit for the analysis of feed use, environmental impacts, animal functions, and costs. Lineage groups bring together cattle and their progeny, making it possible to account for movements across management types and for all co-productions in impact assessments. The illustration on Kenya showed the completeness of the framework, the availability of management-type characteristics, and also the lack of precise data on shares of lineage groups and management types. The conceptual framework developed here should render it possible to capture and compare the multiple characteristics and functions of cattle farming around the world, including their environmental impact, which currently is a major issue for the global livestock sector.
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Rota, Maria, Martino Zito, Paolo Dubini, and Roberto Nascimbene. "On the Use of Accelerometric Data to Monitor the Seismic Performance of Non-Structural Elements in Existing Buildings: A Case Study." Buildings 13, no. 10 (October 21, 2023): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13102651.
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Monitoring of non-structural elements is not usually implemented, despite the seismic vulnerability of these components and the significant cost associated with their replacement in case of damage. By exploiting the limited cost of commercial sensors, accelerometers were installed in an existing building to compare accelerations applied to non-structural elements in case of an earthquake with critical acceleration thresholds. The exceedance of these thresholds would indicate a possible danger for the occupants and the need for a more detailed inspection of the element, guiding prioritisation strategies in the aftermath of the earthquake. Furthermore, the real-time probabilistic assessment of potential damage to non-structural elements can serve to identify escape routes and facilitate rescue operations. Critical acceleration thresholds were defined from probabilistic considerations on the expected seismic performance of each typology of non-structural element, described by appropriately selected fragility curves. The feasibility of the proposed procedure was tested by comparing the identified acceleration thresholds with the design values of floor acceleration provided by the Italian Building Code. As a further application, critical acceleration values of the different non-structural elements were compared with a set of real floor acceleration values recorded at the top level of reinforced concrete buildings, highlighting critical non-structural element typologies.
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Jorge Chaparro, Mari Carmen. "Pour une typologie des faux-amis en français et en espagnol." Çédille 8 (April 1, 2012): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/ced.v8i.5487.
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Cuando se comparan dos lenguas una reconstrucción semántica permite comprobar la divergencia de sentido de ciertos términos con un origen común. Es el caso de los denominados falsos amigos. En este estudio establezco una tipología que compara ciertos casos representativos en francés y en español analizando el grado de proximidad que existe entre ellos, desde el punto de vista etimológico y del contenido significativo.
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Mitchell, Matthew C., Jeffrey A. Kappen, and William R. Heaston. "Taboo no more: a qualitative country institutional profile of life insurance in China and India." Management Research Review 38, no. 8 (August 17, 2015): 813–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-10-2013-0239.
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Purpose – This paper aims to compare the emergence and evolution of organizational fields through an analysis of the life insurance industries in two large emerging markets. Using institutional theory as a conceptual framework, we compare the regulatory, cognitive and normative dimensions of the life insurance industry in China and India. Design/methodology/approach – The authors introduce a qualitative variation of the country institutional profile (CIP) that has been traditionally implemented as a quantitative analytical tool used to describe differences in national environments. This newly proposed methodology captures the socially embedded aspects of the phenomenon more completely than commonly employed survey-based methodology. Findings – This analysis leads to a three-dimensional typology of constructs and themes within each national environment. These themes include the importance of regulation and protectionism, the domestic savings culture, family support structures and human capital development within the industry. The authors conclude by comparing these typologies to consider the implications for studying change in organizational fields across contexts. Originality/value – As the authors reflect on the evolution of organizational fields, they demonstrate how the interplay of historical factors and new global norms results in a negotiated stance between compliance with new norms and allegiance to local interests. In terms of methodological contribution, we show how the socially embedded aspects of the examined phenomenon are explored more completely by the proposed qualitative CIP than through its quantitative variation. This approach and the analysis illustrate a complex interplay of local and global norms within a selected industry that may be missed by other research methods.
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Mironova, Alina Mikhailovna. "Typologization of modern concepts of metaphilosophy." Философия и культура, no. 10 (October 2023): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2023.10.44170.
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The subject of the study is the concepts of "metaphilosophy" in the works of several modern domestic and foreign scientists-metaphilosophists. The relevance of the article is due to the presence of a variety of metaphilosophical concepts, which, pursuing one common goal – to understand and explain what philosophy is, come to different and often contradictory conclusions. The article aims to compare the metaphilosophical concepts of domestic and foreign authors (T. I. Oizerman, M. K. Mamardashvili, J. Deleuze and F. Guattari, T. Williamson and N. Rescher) according to certain criteria. Within the framework of the task, it is proposed to identify the essential characteristics of the concept of "philosophy" of the listed authors and to propose a variant of the typology of modern concepts of metaphilosophy. The article uses the method of comparative analysis. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the author, analyzing the existing typologies of metaphilosophical concepts (on a conceptual and methodological basis), offers a third variant of the typology in relation to the possibility of progress in philosophy and its prospects. The author draws attention to the fact that the understanding of metaphilosophy in the concepts of the scientists under consideration (Oiserman, Williamson, Rescher, Deleuze and Guattari) reveals interesting parallels and collisions. The author comes to the conclusion that in order to better understand the nature of metaphilosophy, it is necessary to identify the essential characteristics of the concept of metaphilosophy in the concepts of different scientists. The picture of metaphilosophy turns out to be diverse and contradictory, because according to the authors considered, metaphilosophy is "cabinet"; - pluralistic; - "aporic"; - self-reflexive; - dialectical; - is in constant development; - guided by the principles of pragmatism and efficiency; - able to give satisfactory answers to current questions; - is not absolutely rational, but contains an element of intuition.
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Kparou, Hanoukoume Cyril. "Étude comparée des interrogateurs en lama et en français." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 26 (September 30, 2018): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n26p332.
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Interrogation is a Language Universal (LU), i.e., it exists in all natural languages. However, every language has undeniable particularities. Lama3 and French4, two languages from different language families, are a good illustration of these realities. A comparative study of interrogatives of both languages shows many similarities as well as dissimilarities. This article is aimed at presenting a comparative typology of interrogative markers and constructions in Lama and French. It consists of a morphosyntactic analysis of the interrogative markers and their different functions implied in the construction of interrogative sentences. French uses an interrogative copula est-ce que and the verbal inversion to form total interrogation, while Lama makes use of postpositional morphemes to formulate fundamental interrogation. Both languages form partial interrogation with adverbial and relative markers, but Lama goes further with the use of noun class interrogative markers. This study contributes to establish language universals and particularities in both languages at formal and functional levels.
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Beguš, Gašper. "Estimating historical probabilities of natural and unnatural processes." Phonology 37, no. 4 (November 2020): 515–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675720000263.
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This paper presents a technique for estimating the influences of channel bias on phonological typology. The technique, based on statistical bootstrapping, enables the estimation of historical probability, the probability that a synchronic alternation arises based on two diachronic factors: the number of sound changes required for an alternation to arise and their respective probabilities. I estimate historical probabilities of six attested and unattested alternations targeting the feature [voice], compare historical probabilities of these alternations, perform inferential statistics on the comparison and, to evaluate the performance of the channel bias approach, compare outputs of the diachronic model against the independently observed synchronic typology. The technique also identifies mismatches between the typological predictions of the analytic bias and channel bias approaches. By comparing these mismatches with the observed typology, this paper attempts to quantitatively evaluate the distinct contributions of the two influences on typology in a set of alternations targeting the feature [voice].
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Nolasco, P., A. J. Anjos, J. M. Aquino Marques, F. Cabrita, M. F. C. Pereira, A. P. Alves de Matos, and P. A. Carvalho. "Structural typologies of salivary calculi." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S4 (August 2013): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613000767.
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Several theories have been put forward regarding the aetiology and pathogenesis of salivary calculi, although a comprehensive understanding of the nucleation and growth mechanisms involved in the formation of these structures is still lacking.In general, sialoliths present one core partially or highly mineralized surrounded by concentric layers of organic and mineralized matter that alternate in succession following a chronologic sequence. The layers consist of fine mineralized strata intercalated with fine organic ones and threaded globular structures with variable degrees of mineralization.The exact mechanism involved in the genesis of sialoliths remains largely unknown, theories defending an initial organic nidus or an initial precipitation of minerals, with subsequent deposition of organic and inorganic layers, can be found in the literature. Nevertheless, it remains object of discussion the etiologic factors responsible for the formation of the first nidus or the initial precipitation, since infection, inflammation of the gland, viscous nature of the mucous secretions or naturally existing sialomicroliths have all have been implicated.Aiming at an exhaustive systematization of salivary calculi morphogenesis, their morphology has been studied by micro-computed tomography (bCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CCT studies were done on as-extracted dried samples using uCT SkyScan 1172 instrument with a 1.3 Megapixel camera, operated at the maximum available power of the source (10W). Radiographs acquisition was performed with a rotational step in the 0.70-1° range, until a maximum of 180º, with an exposure time in the 3.1-5 s range. Microscopy observations were carried out with backscattered electron (BSE) signals using a JEOL JSM 7001F operated at 15 kV, samples were previously prepared following metallographic procedures.The submandibular and parotid calculi investigated presented similar growth patterns, which can follow either concentric (Figure 1) or perturbed-growth typologies (Figure 2), although in most situations a gradation between them has been found. Nevertheless, a single well-defined core constituted by material with low mineralization was frequently present, supporting the nucleation hypothesis of an initial organic nidus.The combination of TCT with SEM enabled a comprehensive characterization of the sialoliths: (i) the former technique allowed for a precise localization of the core and other morphological features within the calculus volume, while (ii) investigation of details at higher resolution could be achieved with the latter method. However, due to the friable nature of the sialoliths, handling during sample preparation results often in material loss (compare (a) and (b) in both Figures).The work was carried out with financial support of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through PTDC/SAU-ENB/111941/2009 and PEst-OE/CTM-UI0084/2011 grants.
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Różycki, Paweł, and Karolina Korbiel. "The theoretical concept of tourist typology in the interdisciplinary structure of tourism." Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 5, no. 3 (2022): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2022.03.07.
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In theoretical studies on the typology of tourists, various criteria for their identification can be found. A drawback of this approach is the lack of one common concept of tourist division, which would allow for comparing research results at various academic and marketing centers. There is a definition problem of tourism and the tourist themselves, the concepts often differing from each other, thus, there is no common ground on which the theories of the separation and division of tourists can be built. In the presented publication, a review of selected, varying tourist types have been conducted. Typologies of tourists are based on various criteria, ranging from sociological and psychological to demographic, geographic, economic, marketing and others often having an interdisciplinary basis. First of all, attempts were made to show the diversity of typological concepts presented in the world. They are used in scientific research but only refer to a small group of respondents and it is difficult to compare the results with other results based on other divisions. In conclusion, a new, proprietary division has been proposed, which, it seems, could be used by various academic centers, allowing greater possibilities for the comparison of research results in the area of tourism. It is based on the awareness and subjective understanding of the phenomenon of tourism which is interpreted differently in many areas and environments.
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Yazo-Cabuya, Eliana Judith, Asier Ibeas, and Jorge Aurelio Herrera-Cuartas. "Integrating Sustainability into Risk Management through Analytical Network Process." Sustainability 16, no. 6 (March 13, 2024): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16062384.
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Sustainable risk management is becoming widely accepted, making the incorporation of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues into strategic planning areas crucial to a responsible business philosophy. This article aims to rank organizational sub-risks with a focus on sustainability, offering a methodology based on the analytical network process (ANP) method to improve decision-making and reduce misrepresentation in qualitative evaluation criteria. An integrated approach is presented, starting with the characterization of five risk typologies based on global reports and then prioritizing risks and sub-risks using the ANP method. The sustainability sub-risks with the highest level of prioritization for each risk typology are (1) massive data fraud or theft incident (technological risk), (2) deficit in economic growth (economic risk), (3) water depletion (environmental risk), (4) lack of ethics in the conduct of business (geopolitical risk), and (5) chemical safety (social risk). Finally, a cosine similarity analysis is developed to compare the results obtained with the results of a risk prioritization performed with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. The differences between the methods generate a similar risk prioritization; the high similarity indicates the consistency of the relationships and the prioritization of the criteria showing convergence. It is essential to mention that the results should be interpreted cautiously, considering the specific context in which this methodology is developed, and we recommend a periodic verification of risks and sub-risks.