Academic literature on the topic 'Typologie comparée'
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Journal articles on the topic "Typologie comparée"
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Comtet, Roger. "V. Žirmunskij et la typologie des langues." Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, no. 52 (August 4, 2017): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2017.331.
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Au cours de sa longue carrière académique, le germaniste V. Žirmunskij s’est illustré aussi bien en histoire et théorie littéraire qu’en folkloristique et linguistique, même si ce dernier volet de son oeuvre est parfois occulté; son oeuvre en linguistique germanique et générale est pourtant considérable et elle est dominée par la problématique de la typologie des langues. Pour évaluer son apport en ce domaine, on procèdera tout d’abord à un bref historique de l’antagonisme entre classification et typologie des langues chez les linguistes du XIXème siècle avant de suivre les différentes étapes de sa réflexion en ce domaine; ses premières études dialectologiques sont conçues dans l’optique de la linguistique aréale, elles associent structuralisme, synchronie et géographie linguistique et lui ouvrent la voie d’une approche purement typologique. La seconde étape est marquée par son application à l’analyse comparée des langues des schémas de N. Marr et I. Meščaninov, synthèse de la typologie et de l’historisme; après avoir d’abord intégré une vision sociologique marxiste à ses recherches, il est amené à retrouver les mêmes schémas d’évolution dans des langues non apparentées ou même privées de tout contact, ce qu’il relie à des modèles universels d’évolution de la pensée humaine suivant une même séquence universelle des différents types de société. Suite à la discussion linguistique de 1950, Žirmunskij revient à la classification génétique traditionnelle en en faisant un préalable indispensable aux études typologiques qu’il va multiplier dans le contexte des années 1960 (la thématique des «universaux»). Cette évolution illustre l’étendue de l’encyclopédisme érudit de Žirmunskij ainsi que son don pour les vastes synthèses et une ouverture d’esprit qui en font un compagnon de route privilégié de la linguistique russe; il est par ailleurs remarquable que les mêmes étapes, la même pensée, se retrouvent dans les études de littérature et de folkloristique comparée qu’il a toujours menées en parallèle. Il est par là, comme tant d’autres illustres savants russes, un digne héritier de la tradition philologique universitaire russe prérévolutionnaire.
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Samain, Didier. "Sinologie et typologie. Deux articles de linguistique générale de Georg von der Gabelentz." Histoire Epistémologie Langage 42, no. 2 (2020): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/hel/2020022.
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L’article contient la traduction et une brève présentation de deux articles importants de Georg von der Gabelentz. Le premier (1881) est une version revue de la conférence inaugurale présentée lors de sa nomination à la chaire des langues chinoise, japonaise et mandchoue à Leipzig. Il montre comment Gabelentz positionne sa discipline face à la grammaire comparée indo-européenne qui servait de référent scientifique pour les linguistes. Le second article, publié en 1894 juste après la mort de l’auteur, introduit en linguistique le terme de typologie. En utilisant des modèles probablement issus des sciences naturelles, l’auteur y esquisse un programme d’approche statistique de la typologie, basé sur des conjonctions de traits, qui annonce les universaux implicatifs de la typologie moderne.
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ATTA, Kouadio Yeboua Germain. "ANALYSE DIDACTIQUE COMPARÉE DES ÉPREUVES D’ÉVALUATION CERTIFICATIVE EN MATHÉMATIQUES AU CM2." Liens, revue internationale des sciences et technologies de l'éducation 1, no. 3 (December 5, 2022): 50–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.61585/pud-liens-v1n316.
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Mots-clés : Evaluation certificative, niveaux taxonomiques, type de consignes, type de connaissances, complexité des compétences Résumé Le basculement curriculaire de la pédagogie par objectifs à l’approche par compétences en Côte d’Ivoire a entrainé une réforme des programmes scolaires en mathématiques au primaire avec de nouvelles modalités d’évaluation. Les évaluations de fin de cycle primaire sont différentes sur trois zones d’examen. L’étude compare la complexité des épreuves certificatives des zones à l’aide de grilles d’analyse bâties avec des cadres didactiques forgés à partir des postulats de Bloom (1969) sur les niveaux taxonomiques, de Nebout-Arkhurst (2007) sur la typologie des consignes, de Tardif (1992) sur la typologie des connaissances et de Grapin et Sayac (2017) sur les facteurs de complexité. Les résultats montrent que des contenus sont convoqués dans les épreuves de toutes les zones et d'autres présentent une irrégularité de présence d’une zone à une autre. La complexité varie en fonction des types d'exercices proposés dans les zones. Ce niveau de complexité des exercices, associé à un certain nombre de facteurs de complexité, détermine la complexité des compétences attendues en approche par compétences.
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Froidefond, Marik. "De l’ostinato au pastiche : approche comparée du comique de répétition en poésie et en musique au XXe siècle." Études littéraires 38, no. 2-3 (September 5, 2007): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016345ar.
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Résumé De l’ostinato au pastiche, la production poétique et musicale du XXe siècle met en oeuvre divers procédés comiques fonctionnant sur des techniques de répétition qu’une approche comparatiste permet d’appréhender. L’élaboration d’une typologie qui prenne en compte, dans leur articulation chaque fois neuve, techniques de répétition, nature du comique engendré, enjeux formels et esthétiques qui en découlent, est à la fois nécessaire et utopique. Utopique en raison du nombre excessif de critères à considérer ; nécessaire parce que ces procédés offrent à l’analyste matière rêvée pour saisir quelques-unes des similarités de fonctionnement qui légitiment la comparaison entre langage poétique et langage musical.
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Sergot, Bertrand, and Nathalie Claret. "La légitimation discursive des stratégies de localisation à l’international : une étude de cas comparée de deux groupes agroalimentaires français." Management international 16, no. 1 (December 14, 2011): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1006917ar.
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Les firmes multinationales (FMN) font face à une contestation publique croissante de leurs stratégies de localisation. Cette contestation, qui s’appuie notamment sur la mobilisation du terme délocalisation, incite leurs dirigeants à produire un discours de légitimation de ces stratégies. Le présent article étudie, à partir de l’analyse comparative et longitudinale des cas des groupes Bonduelle et Bel sur la période 2001-2009, dans quelle mesure la typologie des stratégies discursives de Vaara et al. (2006) constitue une grille d’analyse pertinente pour rendre compte des configurations discursives élaborées par les FMN pour préserver la légitimité de leur stratégie de localisation à l’international.
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Begioni, Louis. "Les spécificités de l’évolution de la langue française dans le cadre d’une typologie lexicale comparée des langues romanes." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 64, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2019.3.02.
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VAN DEN EYNDE, KAREL, and PIET MERTENS. "La valence: l'approche pronominale et son application au lexique verbal." Journal of French Language Studies 13, no. 1 (March 2003): 63–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269503001005.
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L'article décrit le cadre méthodologique de l'approche pronominale et présente la base de données lexicale PROTON, un dictionnaire de valence verbale pour le français, élaboré dans cette approche. La valence y est caractérisée par les paradigmes de pronoms proportionnels (dont les traits s'unifient avec ceux des constituants comportant des éléments lexicaux). On présente, dans une forme actualisée, les notions-clef pour la description des constructions et des schèmes de valence, ainsi que les prolégomènes à la typologie des prédicateurs et de leurs actants. Ensuite on précise le contenu et les conventions formelles du lexique de valence. Une entrée du lexique est commentée à titre d'exemple. Cette même entrée est ensuite comparée aux articles correspondants du dictionnaire de valence spécialisé de Busse et Dubost (1983).
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Begioni, Louis, and Alvaro Rocchetti. "Typologie lexicale comparée des langues romanes : les spécificités de la langue française et leur implication sur la cognition et la culture." Langages N°214, no. 2 (2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lang.214.0033.
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Dussol, B., G. Choukroun, J. M. Halimi, J. P. Fauvel, D. Joly, C. Combe, S. Quéré, and B. Fiquet. "Typologie comparée des malades diabétiques de type 2 porteur d’une néphropathie avec protéinurie traitée ou non par bloqueur du système rénine angiotensine." Néphrologie & Thérapeutique 7, no. 5 (September 2011): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nephro.2011.07.217.
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Matis Off, James. "Hearts and Minds in South-East Asian Languages and English: An Essay in the Comparative Lexical Semantics of Psycho-Collocations." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 15, no. 1 (1986): 5–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-90000013.
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Un système général permettant de comparer les expressions se rapportant aux phénomènes psychologiques dans les langues d'Asie et d'Europe est présenté dans les termes du contraste Whorfien entre cryptotype et phénotype. Les psycho-collocations de la classe ouverte (phénotype) sont définies en termes de leur structure morphémique comme étant composées d'un nom commun psychologique et d'un élément verbal ou adjectival (le psycopain) qui peut ou non figurer dans la collocation à titre métaphorique. Plusieurs critères de classification des psycho-collocations sont suggérés en fonction par exemple du domaine sémantique, au degré de référence interpersonnelle de la structure morphosyntaxique, ou du type de métaphore employé. Ces critères sont appliqués de facon combinée, de facon à illustrer le sens de psycho-collocations dans des langues d'Asie du Sud-Est et sino-tibétaines. Les points communs avec des expressions analogues de L'anglais lorsqu'il en existe (les méta-phores employées semblent alors universelles), ou au contraire, les différences (les métaphores sont alors caractéristiques de la langue) sont indiqués. Enfin l'article considère les psycho-collocations du point de vue de la sémantique aréale, illustrant des expressions typiques des langues d'Asie du Sud-Est. En conclusion, les caractéristiques de sémantique aréale des psycho-collocations sont reliées à la typologie phonologique des langues en question, et l'auteur appelle à développer les travaux en sémantique lexicale comparée dans une approche réunissant les positions universaliste et relativiste.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Typologie comparée"
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Arnould, Ondine. "Typologie comparée des féminités chez Friedrich Nietzsche et Lou Andreas-Salomé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAC018.
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En Europe au tournant des xixe et xxe siècles, Nietzsche et Salomé participent à la crise de l’identité moderne en s’interrogeant sur les représentations du masculin et du féminin. Sans adhérer au patriarcat traditionnel ni au féminisme égalitariste émergent, ils ouvrent, par leur geste ambivalent et foncièrement différentialiste, une troisième voie complexe qui étudie avec sérieux les genres en vue de la vie elle-même et d’une humanité d’avenir idéale. Malgré leurs différences d’âge et de genre, Nietzsche et Salomé partagent une proximité indéniable de pensée, de leur propre aveu mais également à la lumière de la réception qu’on peut avoir de leurs productions respectives. Il est à déplorer que l’œuvre de Salomé soit encore trop peu étudiée pour elle-même, réduite à sa relation biographique avec Nietzsche et d’autres grands hommes. Loin d’être un pan anecdotique, ce que je nomme une philosophie du genre apparaît dans les travaux des deux penseurs comme étant en réalité fondamentale et pleinement cohérente avec l’ensemble de leur réflexion. Cette dynamique proprement philosophique reflète une mutation historique profonde et un geste particulièrement représentatif du caractère transitoire de leur époque, entre élans progressistes et conservateurs, mais toujours au service d’une typologie mettant en lumière le corps et la lutte vitale que celui-ci abrite. Notre étude comparative suit une progression à la fois thématique et temporelle pour interroger les féminités nietzschéennes et saloméennes : l’héritage passé de la religion, l’érotisme comme relation privilégiée homme-femme, ainsi que l’art et la politique comme participant respectivement d’un avenir souhaité et redoutéAt the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Europe, Nietzsche and Salomé contributed to the modern identity crisis by questioning representations of the masculine and feminine. Without adhering to either traditional patriarchy or the emerging egalitarian feminism, their ambivalent and fundamentally differentialist approach opened up a complex third way that examined gender in pursuit of life itself and an ideal future humanity. Despite their differences in age and gender, Nietzsche and Salomé share an undeniable closeness of thought, both by their own admission and in the light of how their respective works have been received. It is regrettable that Salomé's work is still too little studied for its own sake, reduced to her biographical relationship with Nietzsche and other great men. Far from being an anecdotal aspect, what I call a philosophy of gender appears in the work of these two thinkers to be fundamental and fully consistent with the entirety of their philosophical thought. This philosophical dynamic reflects a profound historical shift and a gesture that is particularly representative of their time as a historical transition, between progressive and conservative impulses, but always in the service of a typology that highlights the body and the vital struggle it harbours. Our comparative study follows a thematic and temporal progression to examine Nietzschean and Salomean femininities: the past legacy of religion, eroticism as a privileged male-female relationship, and art and politics as respectively part of a desired and feared future
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Rousset, Isabelle. "Structures syllabiques et lexicales des langues du monde : données, typologies, tendances universelles et contraintes substancielles [i.e. substantielles]." Grenoble 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00250154.
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La place de la syllabe dans l'organisation du langage et donc dans les théories phonologiques n'est pas encore clairement définie. Pourtant comme le laissent supposer des études récentes en phonétique-phonologie, elle semble être l'une des unités de base de la parole. Il doit donc être possible de trouver des traces de son organisation dans les langues du monde. Les structures internes de la syllabe, ainsi que leur combinaison en unités lexicales, vont être analysées à travers l'étude d'une base de données composée de lexiques découpés en syllabes. L'élaboration d'une typologie, la mise en évidence de tendances générales et de lois implicationnelles, ainsi que la catégorisation des liens existants entre les différents constituants de la syllabe constitueront la majeure partie de cette étude. Mais bien que le travail de collecte et d'analyse de données soit nécessaire à une meilleure compréhension du fonctionnement du langage humain, il ne permet pas à lui seul de proposer des explications aux phénomènes observés. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus sont analysés à la lumière de travaux antérieurs pouvant fournir une base explicative des tendances, notamment ceux s'inscrivant dans le cadre d'une linguistique orientée substance, et plus particulièrement la théorie " Frame, then Conten "t (MacNeilage, 1998). Utilisant un paradigme expérimental original, nous montrons qu'il existe un corrélat perceptif de l'effet lexical Labial-Coronal. L'ensemble du travail apporte des éléments incontournables dans une perspective de modélisation de l'émergence des structures syllabiques et de la complexité des lexiques.
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Vallée, Nathalie. "Systèmes vocaliques : de la typologie aux prédictions." Grenoble 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39027.
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Les inventaires de descriptions phonologiques des langues du monde augmentent constamment. Ces materiaux offrent la possibilite de proposer de nouvelles typologies, de tester des hypotheses et de contribuer a la discussion des modeles qui predisent le contenu des systems. Une typologie des systemes vocaliques est etablie avec upsid (maddiseson, 1986), banque de donnees phnologiques de 317 langues. La totalite des donnees a permis de postuler, nuancer ou confirmer des tendances universelles dans la frequence des voyelles et des systemes et d'observer des regularites et une hierarchie dans l'organisation des voyelles. Avec un modele articulatoire, sont elabores les prototypes articulatoires et acoustiques des 33 voyelles universelles avec lesquelles sont decrites lan langues d'upsid. Ces "standard" fournissent le materiau de base pour l'interpretation articulatoire, acoustique et perceptive des universaux et permettent ainsi leur prediction. Avec l'hypothese que si un systeme donne est frequent dans les langues du monde c'est qu'il est acoustiquement stable, la stabilite des systemes vocaliques les plus frequents a ete mise a l'epreuve avec le modele tdf de prediction dans l'espace f1 f2 f3. Ce modele integre le principe de la dispersion et un critere de focalisation avec une ponderation du second formant effectif. La plupart des systemes testes (de 3 a 9 voyelles) sont simules, precisement en ameliorant les resultats de lindblom (1986) sur la "proliferation" irreelle des voyelles interieures fermees et la prediction de y des 7 voyelles. Tdf predit ainsi la stabilite de 64% des systemes testes (60% d'upsid). Les cas d'instabilite observes sont des systemes avec voyelle centrale sans voyelle centrale fermee ou avec 9 voyelles peripheriquesDescriptive phonological inventories of the languages of the world are continually increasing in number. These materials allow researchers to propose new typologis, test hypotheses on the development of vowel systems and contribute to the discussion of predictive models in the organization of the vowel space. Witgh upsid, database of 317 langages (maddieson, 1986), a typology of vowel systems was established. The database was used to postulate, refine or confirm universal tendencies in vowel frequency and vocalic systems. Various regularities and hierarchies in the organization of such systems have also been observed. Articulatory and acoustic prototypes of the 33 "standard" universal vowels have been elaborated with an articulatory model. An articulatory, acoustic and perceptual interpretation of this prototype inventory enables the prediction of vocalic systems. If a given system is frequent in the langages of the world, we suppose it is an acoustically stable system. We tested the stability of the most frequent vowel systems(from 3 to 9 vowels) with the tdf model, which is a predictive model of the 3d f1 f2 f3 vowel space. This model incorporates both the dispersion principle and a focalization criterion with weighting of the effective second formant. Tdf simulates most of the tested systems and moreover, improves lindblom's (1986) results in two aspects. High central are no longer proliferated, and y can be predicted in seven-vowel systems. The model thus predicts stabilityfor 64% of the tested high frequency systems (representing 60% of upsid). Those predicted as unstable are the systems that have a mid central vowel and no high central vowels, and the 9 vowel system
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Jouitteau, Mélanie. "La syntaxe comparée du breton." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010270.
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Cette thèse fournit une analyse détaillée d'une langue généralement peu étudiée, le breton (celtique continental contemporain). Son but est double: (i) - proposer une référence solide pour l'étude de la langue bretonne, ainsi que des langues celtiques et sémitiques. Je résume et évalue les différentes propositions qui ont été faites, et propose de nouvelles solutions, originales, efficaces et argumentées. (ii) - rendre accessible pour la communauté linguistique les réponses et nouvelles questions que le breton offre a certains enjeux théoriques cruciaux pour la grammaire générative et la typologie des langues. Je montre, en particulier, que la langue bretonne est un cas précieux pour enquêter sur le Principe de Projection Etendue (EPP), ou pour le débat sur la caractérisation des propriétés verbo-nominales. En accord avec mes résultats, je propose une nouvelle classification typologique des langues qui transcende l'ancienne opposition langue a verbe second vs. langue a verbe premier (V2/V1). Le Chapitre 1 présente les caractéristiques majeures des langues X(P)-VSO, illustrées par les langues celtiques et sémitiques anciennes et modernes, ainsi que par le Chacaltongo Mixtec. Le Chapitre 2 examine avec minutie l'architecture de la phrase bretonne, de la structure vP a la périphérie gauche étendue, résumant et discutant les principaux enjeux de la dérivation des phrases bretonnes. Je propose que la négation préverbale est une tête C, et que les particules préverbales (rannigs) sont des têtes FinP réalisant un accord catégoriel avec l'élément préverbal. Je montre que le sujet préverbal peut montrer des propriétés A. Dans le chapitre 3, je fournis une analyse compréhensible et détaillée de l'EPP, et montre comment les faits du breton écartent différentes versions de ce Principe. Ma formulation de l'EPP étend l'inventaire des explétifs a tout élément préverbal, qu'il soit une tête ou un XP. L'inventaire des explétifs peut donc crucialement comprendre des têtes C. Cette hypothèse prédit qu'il n'existe pas de langue strictement VSO. Les langues dites a verbe initial sont dérivées soit par mouvement du VP évacué, soit par mouvement de la tête verbale accompagné d'une stratégie explétive, qui obtient le type X(P)-VSO. Cette proposition est consistente avec la généralisation que les langues a verbe initial ont des particules préverbales. Je reconnais les explétifs nuls lorsqu'ils sont apprenables et interprétables. Je montre par example comment des particules explétives C en irlandais et en arabe sont apprenables car interprétables pour l'accord verbal. Le marquage [3.sg] qui apparait sur le verbe fléchi quand les sujets ne cliticisent pas est la réalisation d'une relation d'accord avec la tête C préverballe, un cas d'accord gelé provoqué par la localité. Dans le chaptre 4, je me concentre sur les Paramètres spécifiques au breton. Contrairement a l'irlandais ou l'arabe, le breton n'a pas d'explétifs nuls (ni pro, ni Tête C de matrice). La caractéristique V2 du breton découle donc de l'EPP. Cependant, le breton est caractérisé, comme l'irlandais ou l'arabe, par des effets de complémentarité dans le système d'accord. Je montre comment l'accord gelé est déclenché par un autre type d'internenant pour l'accord: la structure verbale vP elle-même (Jouitteau & Rezac 2006, Jouitteau 2005). Les traits du sujet sont la cible la plus proche pour l'accord uniquement dans les cas ou le sujet dépasse l'intervenant vP [3.sg] vP intervener (cliticisation). Je montre ensuite comment ce simple Pramètre, l'interprétabilité des traits phi de la structure vP, dérive des propriétés majeures caractéristiques de la langue. Comme des DPs, les structures verbales du breton montrent des effets de filtre sur le Cas et déclenchent la réalisation 'a' du rannig. Comme des DPs, les structures verbales peuvent déclencher l'état construit. Il en résulte que la langue n'a pas de Cas accusatif et marque les arguments internes du Cas génitif. L'interprétabilité des traits phi du vP prédisent correctement des faits autrement inexpliqués. En particulier, une analyse prépositionnelle de 'avoir' prédit sa singularité en termes d'accord car la préposition qui acceuille le sujet est toujours plus haute que le vP. Le sujet devient donc la cible la plus proche pour l'accord, indépendemment de ses propriétés clitiques. Le Chapitre 5 démontre avec minutie comment l'EPP prédit exactement quels ordres de mots sont possibles en breton, et quels ordres de mots sont impossibles. Les élément préverbaux motivés sémantiquement satisfont automatiquement l'EPP et les stratégies explétique de dernier ressort apparaissent dans les phrases a focus large. Je développe la proposition de Holmberg (2000) que les explétifs peuvent être créés par séparation des traits et mouvement subséquent. Comme stratégie de dernier ressort pour satisfaire l'EPP, le plus proche élément postverbal dans la dérivation monte en position préverbale en laissant in situ ses traits sémantiques. Ceci dérive élégamment trois propriétés majeures du breton: les propriétés A disponibles pour un sujet préverbal, l'existence de phrases SVO a focus large, et les paradigmes dits du 'long mouvement de tête' (Long Head Movement) qui antéposent une tête evrbale non-fléchie par dessus un auxiliaire, en dépit de la contrainte sur le mouvement des têtes. Le Chapitre 6 continue l'extension de l'inventaire des explétifs et présente un paradigme entièrement nouveau du français dialectal. Dans le français Atlantique (SVO), l'effacement du sujet est autorisé si et seulement si une tête C préverballe est insérée. La morphologie de cette tête C préverballe n'est pas réalisée par le canal segmental, mais par un son ou geste ostencible quelconque. J'analyse ce paradigme comme le résultat d'une stratégie explétive multicanale et j'ouvre sur les implications que cela a, de la typologie des explétifs a la méthodologie de récolte des données.
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Sugiyama, Akémi. "Contribution à une typologie morphosyntaxique comparée des systèmes verbaux du basque, du turc, du japonais et du français." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20069.
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De langue maternelle japonaise, et nous étant initiée à la langue basque, nous avons voulu tenter une comparaison entre les systèmes verbaux propres à ces deux idiomes, qui appartiennent tous deux typologiquement, comme l'on sait, à la catégorie des langues dites "agglutinantes" d'un point de vue morphosyntaxique. A titre de "tertium comparationis", nous avons voulu leur joindre le turc, dont la typologie est comparable. La référence au français est ici évidemment secondaire. Après une description détaillée des trois systèmes (chapitre I, tome I), nous avons abordé dans un second chapitre (chapitre II, tome II) l'analyse des trois versions d'un texte bien connu du Nouveau Testament, la "parabole de l'enfant prodigue" (Luc 15, 11-32), en les confrontant avec la version française et en nous efforçant de comparer entre eux les énoncés partiels donnés dans chaque langue à la suite de quoi nous avons procédé (chapitre III, tome III) à une comparaison plus systématique, appuyée sur les exemples tirés du texte en question en fonction de quoi nous tentons d'esquisser (chapitre III, 3 tome IV) une morphosyntaxe comparée des formes verbales contenues dans le texte. Une conclusion générale portant sur les éléments communs aux trois langues et différant de l'une à l'autre clôt ce travail, auquel se trouve adjointe une importante bibliographie des ouvrages et articles consultés dans chacune des matières abordées.
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Faturehchi, Mohammad Mahdi. "Typologie des Usages et de la dépendance des internautes iraniens et français. Une étude comparée : Université de Téhéran et université de Metz." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0343.
Full textAbstract:
Considérant qu'il devient toujours plus évident que certaines formes d'usages peuvent se révéler remarquables et même problématiques auprès des jeunes adultes ; cette recherche consiste d'une part, à cerner les types d'usage d'Internet ainsi que leur intensité auprès des étudiants iraniens et français, et d'autre part, vise à découvrir une éventuelle dépendance à Internet auprès des enquêtés. Ceci afin de faciliter l'explication et l'analyse d'une réalité existante dans les milieux universitaires ; de plus, cette étude cherche à mesurer la part d'Internet dans la vie quotidienne des étudiants par rapport aux autres médias. Aussi, cherche-t-elle à classifier principalement les types d'usage (les fonctions) les plus répandues des internautes et leur taux de satisfaction. La base expérimentale de cette comparaison est constituée par deux enquêtes quantitatives par le moyen du questionnaire, l'une réalisée en Iran et l'autre en France sur un échantillon de 300 étudiants du 1er cycle en 2010. D?après les résultats obtenus, nous avons constaté que les répondants iraniens utilisent Internet plutôt pour la recherche d'informations et ensuite pour la communication et le divertissement tandis que les répondants français surfent plutôt dans des buts communicatifs, et les fonctions informationnelles et de divertissement occupent respectivement les deuxième et troisième places. Aussi le nombre des internautes qui sont dépendants à Internet présente une petite différence de moins de 10% entre les deux groupes (les français sont plus dépendants à Internet que les iraniens) et environ un tiers des répondants iraniens et français sont satisfaits d'Internet (les français sont plus satisfaits d'Internet que les iraniens). L'étude confirme que les répondants français fréquentent plus Internet dans des buts scolaires que les iraniens, et elle nous révèle aussi qu'il y a une corrélation entre la durée d'usage d'Internet dans des buts scolaires et le taux d'usage de journal. Aussi, il existe une relation significative et une corrélation élevée entre le sexe individuel et la fonction d'usage d'Internet auprès des répondants françaisConsidering the reality that always it is quite clear that some forms of Internet usage may seem more important than the others and that some of them may be consider as a serious problem treating young adults users, this research on the hand, intended to study the all types of Internet usage and their intensity before Iranian and French students, and on the other hand, it is interested in discovering an eventual dependence to internet among them to explain and analyze easily un existing reality in the universities environment. Also, this survey aimed to measure Internet usage rate in comparison with other media in everyday life of students. We firstly tried to classify all types of Internet uses (the functions) which are more common to the users and the rate of their satisfaction. The basic empirical of this comparative study was based on two quantitative survey using inquiry by which this research has been fulfilled in Iran and French on a sample of 300 social sciences students of first cycle (bachelor) in 2010. Our findings are based on a comparison, two samples and two different populations (Iran and French) emerging from two different culture. We have confirmed that Iranian respondents use Internet mainly for seeking information, then for communicative purposes and at last for entertainment, but the French respondents use it firstly for communicative purposes, and informative and entertainment functions occupied respectively second and third place. Also, the number of users who are dependent to Internet with a small difference is lower than 10% (while French respondents are more dependent than Iranian) and almost a third of Iranian and French respondents are satisfied of Internet (while French are more satisfied of Internet than Iranian). This study demonstrate that French respondents in comparison with Iranian use Internet more frequently for educational objectives and another result of the research shows that there is a meaningful correlation between usage period of Internet for educational purposes and the rate of reading journals. Also, a finding reveals that there is a meaningful relation with high correlation between the sex and Internet usage function only before French respondents
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Faturehchi, Mohammad Mahdi. "Typologie des Usages et de la dépendance des internautes iraniens et français. Une étude comparée : Université de Téhéran et université de Metz." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0343.
Full textAbstract:
Considérant qu'il devient toujours plus évident que certaines formes d'usages peuvent se révéler remarquables et même problématiques auprès des jeunes adultes ; cette recherche consiste d'une part, à cerner les types d'usage d'Internet ainsi que leur intensité auprès des étudiants iraniens et français, et d'autre part, vise à découvrir une éventuelle dépendance à Internet auprès des enquêtés. Ceci afin de faciliter l'explication et l'analyse d'une réalité existante dans les milieux universitaires ; de plus, cette étude cherche à mesurer la part d'Internet dans la vie quotidienne des étudiants par rapport aux autres médias. Aussi, cherche-t-elle à classifier principalement les types d'usage (les fonctions) les plus répandues des internautes et leur taux de satisfaction. La base expérimentale de cette comparaison est constituée par deux enquêtes quantitatives par le moyen du questionnaire, l'une réalisée en Iran et l'autre en France sur un échantillon de 300 étudiants du 1er cycle en 2010. D?après les résultats obtenus, nous avons constaté que les répondants iraniens utilisent Internet plutôt pour la recherche d'informations et ensuite pour la communication et le divertissement tandis que les répondants français surfent plutôt dans des buts communicatifs, et les fonctions informationnelles et de divertissement occupent respectivement les deuxième et troisième places. Aussi le nombre des internautes qui sont dépendants à Internet présente une petite différence de moins de 10% entre les deux groupes (les français sont plus dépendants à Internet que les iraniens) et environ un tiers des répondants iraniens et français sont satisfaits d'Internet (les français sont plus satisfaits d'Internet que les iraniens). L'étude confirme que les répondants français fréquentent plus Internet dans des buts scolaires que les iraniens, et elle nous révèle aussi qu'il y a une corrélation entre la durée d'usage d'Internet dans des buts scolaires et le taux d'usage de journal. Aussi, il existe une relation significative et une corrélation élevée entre le sexe individuel et la fonction d'usage d'Internet auprès des répondants françaisConsidering the reality that always it is quite clear that some forms of Internet usage may seem more important than the others and that some of them may be consider as a serious problem treating young adults users, this research on the hand, intended to study the all types of Internet usage and their intensity before Iranian and French students, and on the other hand, it is interested in discovering an eventual dependence to internet among them to explain and analyze easily un existing reality in the universities environment. Also, this survey aimed to measure Internet usage rate in comparison with other media in everyday life of students. We firstly tried to classify all types of Internet uses (the functions) which are more common to the users and the rate of their satisfaction. The basic empirical of this comparative study was based on two quantitative survey using inquiry by which this research has been fulfilled in Iran and French on a sample of 300 social sciences students of first cycle (bachelor) in 2010. Our findings are based on a comparison, two samples and two different populations (Iran and French) emerging from two different culture. We have confirmed that Iranian respondents use Internet mainly for seeking information, then for communicative purposes and at last for entertainment, but the French respondents use it firstly for communicative purposes, and informative and entertainment functions occupied respectively second and third place. Also, the number of users who are dependent to Internet with a small difference is lower than 10% (while French respondents are more dependent than Iranian) and almost a third of Iranian and French respondents are satisfied of Internet (while French are more satisfied of Internet than Iranian). This study demonstrate that French respondents in comparison with Iranian use Internet more frequently for educational objectives and another result of the research shows that there is a meaningful correlation between usage period of Internet for educational purposes and the rate of reading journals. Also, a finding reveals that there is a meaningful relation with high correlation between the sex and Internet usage function only before French respondents
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Livrelli, Jean-Noe͏̈l. "Utilisation de la méthode du diagnostic foliaire chez des végétaux ligneux sclérophylles méditerranéens pour l'étude comparée de groupements préforestiers et forestiers : application au problème du débroussaillement." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX11029.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de ce travail consiste a utiliser une methodologie issue de la recherche agronomique, le diagnostic foliaire comme element d'investigation ecologique, pour suivre la reaction de vegetaux ligneux sclerophylle a des perturbations d'origine anthropique, et plus particulierement du debroussaillement. Le premier chapitre est une presentation de la methode et des possibilites d'interpretation offertes par les resultats des analyses foliaires pour les differents elements etudies (n, p, k, ca; mg, na; fe; et s). Le second chapitre est une presentation de la methodologie, du plan d'echantillonnage, des differentes caracteristiques ecologiques des stations etudiees, ainsi qu'une etude bibliographique des differents parametres de variation de teneurs foliaires en elements mineraux. Ces differents parametres ont fait l'objet de tests experimentaux dans le troisieme chapitre. Au cours du chapitre quatre, les resultats sont presentes et interpretes par station et par espece. Les donnees numeriques sont traitees par l'analyse en composantes principales. Les resultats montrent une reaction importante des vegetaux a la perturbation du milieu. Le dernier chapitre traite uniquement du debroussaillement, en comparant les donnees dans les differentes stations pour une espece donnee. La nature du substrat et les conditions mesologiques sont les principaux facteurs de variations
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Soulet, Quentin. "Typologie, architecture et évolution des systèmes silicoclastiques des marges abruptes. Analyse comparée de la marge Ligure au Plio-Quaternaire et de la marge San-Pedro au Crétacé supérieur." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066694/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les systèmes sédimentaires turbiditiques présentent un double intérêt académique et industriel puisqu’ils constituent à la fois des archives des conditions environnementales et des réservoirs pétroliers potentiels. Parmi les nombreux paramètres contrôlant l’organisation sédimentaire de ces systèmes l’inclinaison de la pente continentale apparait être un paramètre majeur. L’analyse de l’influence de l’inclinaison de la pente et de ces variations sur l’hydrodynamique des écoulements sédimentaires et ainsi sur l’architecture des systèmes turbiditiques revêt un caractère crucial tant du point de vue académique que pétrolier. Ce travail s’appuie sur l’analyse haute résolution de données acoustiques (bathymétrie, imagerie multifaisceaux, sismique THR, sonar latéral) acquises sur la marge abrupte du Golfe de Gênes (Malisar, Fables, Prisme, Gelo) et de l’analyse d’un bloc de sismique 3D sur la marge abrupte Ivoirienne. Les accumulations turbiditiques des deux sites témoignent de processus de ségrégation des particules avec le piégeage des particules les plus grossières dans des structures en plunge pools, cyclic steps ou slope break deposits. L’étude fine de ces corps liés au ressaut hydraulique apporte ici un éclairage inédit sur la continuité des corps sableux à la transition canyon/lobe et permet ainsi de proposer un nouveau scénario de modèle réservoir. De plus l’analyse de ces deux zones d’études met en évidence l’impact direct de l’activité tectonique sur l’architecture des accumulations turbiditiques par la mise en place et le maintien d’une zone de rupture de pente où le phénomène de ressaut hydraulique peut perdurer au cours du tempsTurbidite systems present both academic and industrial interests since they are archives of environmental conditions and potential oil reservoirs. Among many parameters controlling the sedimentary organization, the continental slope inclination appears to be a major parameter. The analysis of slope inclination’s and these variations on the hydrodynamic of sedimentary flows and thus on turbidite systems architecture is a crucial character for both academic and industrial interests. The Pliocene-Quaternary turbidite systems of the Gulf of Genoa and upper margin of the Ivorian Cretaceous develop on margins with steep slope profiles controlled by tectonic processes and are suitable and complementary items for the Study of turbidite sedimentation in context of abrupt margin. This work is based on the high-resolution analysis of acoustic data (bathymetry, multibeam imaging, seismic THR, sidescan sonar) acquired on the steep margin of the Gulf of Genova (Malisar, Fables, Prism, Gelo) and the analysis of a 3D seismic block on the Ivorian steep margin. Turbidite accumulations of two sites demonstrate particle segregation processes with trapping coarser particles into specific structures such as plunge pools and cyclic steps. The detailed study of these bodies related to hydraulic jump sheds a new light on the continuity of sand bodies in the transition canyon / lobe and allows the designing of a new reservoir model scenario. Further analysis of these two areas of study shows the direct impact of tectonic activity on the architecture of turbidite accumulations by establishing and maintaining a nick area where the phenomenon of hydraulic jump can be maintained over time
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Soulet, Quentin. "Typologie, architecture et évolution des systèmes silicoclastiques des marges abruptes. Analyse comparée de la marge Ligure au Plio-Quaternaire et de la marge San-Pedro au Crétacé supérieur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066694.
Full textAbstract:
Les systèmes sédimentaires turbiditiques présentent un double intérêt académique et industriel puisqu’ils constituent à la fois des archives des conditions environnementales et des réservoirs pétroliers potentiels. Parmi les nombreux paramètres contrôlant l’organisation sédimentaire de ces systèmes l’inclinaison de la pente continentale apparait être un paramètre majeur. L’analyse de l’influence de l’inclinaison de la pente et de ces variations sur l’hydrodynamique des écoulements sédimentaires et ainsi sur l’architecture des systèmes turbiditiques revêt un caractère crucial tant du point de vue académique que pétrolier. Ce travail s’appuie sur l’analyse haute résolution de données acoustiques (bathymétrie, imagerie multifaisceaux, sismique THR, sonar latéral) acquises sur la marge abrupte du Golfe de Gênes (Malisar, Fables, Prisme, Gelo) et de l’analyse d’un bloc de sismique 3D sur la marge abrupte Ivoirienne. Les accumulations turbiditiques des deux sites témoignent de processus de ségrégation des particules avec le piégeage des particules les plus grossières dans des structures en plunge pools, cyclic steps ou slope break deposits. L’étude fine de ces corps liés au ressaut hydraulique apporte ici un éclairage inédit sur la continuité des corps sableux à la transition canyon/lobe et permet ainsi de proposer un nouveau scénario de modèle réservoir. De plus l’analyse de ces deux zones d’études met en évidence l’impact direct de l’activité tectonique sur l’architecture des accumulations turbiditiques par la mise en place et le maintien d’une zone de rupture de pente où le phénomène de ressaut hydraulique peut perdurer au cours du tempsTurbidite systems present both academic and industrial interests since they are archives of environmental conditions and potential oil reservoirs. Among many parameters controlling the sedimentary organization, the continental slope inclination appears to be a major parameter. The analysis of slope inclination’s and these variations on the hydrodynamic of sedimentary flows and thus on turbidite systems architecture is a crucial character for both academic and industrial interests. The Pliocene-Quaternary turbidite systems of the Gulf of Genoa and upper margin of the Ivorian Cretaceous develop on margins with steep slope profiles controlled by tectonic processes and are suitable and complementary items for the Study of turbidite sedimentation in context of abrupt margin. This work is based on the high-resolution analysis of acoustic data (bathymetry, multibeam imaging, seismic THR, sidescan sonar) acquired on the steep margin of the Gulf of Genova (Malisar, Fables, Prism, Gelo) and the analysis of a 3D seismic block on the Ivorian steep margin. Turbidite accumulations of two sites demonstrate particle segregation processes with trapping coarser particles into specific structures such as plunge pools and cyclic steps. The detailed study of these bodies related to hydraulic jump sheds a new light on the continuity of sand bodies in the transition canyon / lobe and allows the designing of a new reservoir model scenario. Further analysis of these two areas of study shows the direct impact of tectonic activity on the architecture of turbidite accumulations by establishing and maintaining a nick area where the phenomenon of hydraulic jump can be maintained over time
Books on the topic "Typologie comparée"
1
Monod, Michel. Emotions et sentiments en Orient et en Occident: Typologie comparée. Genève: Editions des Deux Continents, 2005.
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2
Sugiyama, Akemi. Contribution à une typologie morphosyntaxique comparée des systèmes verbaux du basque, du turc, du japonais et du français. Lille: A.N.R.T., Université de Lille III, 2000.
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3
Linguistic typology: Morphology and syntax. Harlow, England: Longman, 2001.
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4
Song, Jae Jung. Linguistic Typology: Morphology and Syntax (Longman Linguistics Library). Longman Publishing Group, 2000.
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5
Complementarity Between Lexis and Grammar in the System of Person: A Systemic Typological Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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6
Wang, Pin. Complementarity Between Lexis and Grammar in the System of Person: A Systemic Typological Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Wang, Pin. Complementarity Between Lexis and Grammar in the System of Person: A Systemic Typological Approach. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Klein, Julie Thompson. Typologies of Interdisciplinarity. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.3.
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The dominant structure of knowledge in the twentieth century was division into domains of disciplinary specialization. In the latter half of the century this system was challenged by an increasing number of interdisciplinary activities. This chapter examines typologies of interdisciplinary activities, identifying patterns of consensus and fault lines of debate from the first major classification scheme in 1970 and continues to recent taxonomies that recognize new developments. The chapter compares similarities and differences in a framework of multidisciplinary juxtaposition and alignment of disciplines, interdisciplinary integration and collaboration, and transdisciplinary synthesis and trans-sector problem solving. It further distinguishes major variants of methodological versus theoretical interdisciplinarity, bridge building versus restructuring, and instrumental versus critical interdisciplinarity. Typologies are neither neutral nor static. They reflect choices of representation in a semantic web of differing purposes, contexts, organizational structures, and epistemological frameworks. They reassert, extend, interrogate, and reformulate existing classifications to address both ongoing and unmet needs.
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Howell, Brian M. Which Theology for Anthropology? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797852.003.0003.
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This chapter suggests that defining the concept of theology may seem more suited for the professional theologian rather than the anthropologist. However, it may be the anthropologist who is best positioned to investigate theology in order to discover what conversations can be profitably brought into the work of anthropology. It begins with a typology of theology first suggested by Hans Frei in the latter part of the twentieth century. The typology serves to compare the present project to one undertaken recently by anthropologists engaging philosophy. Finally, the chapter presents an ethnographic vignette from fieldwork in the Philippines to illustrate how this particular understanding of philosophy–theology may serve to answer anthropological puzzles.
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Perez, Danae, Marianne Hundt, Johannes Kabatek, and Daniel Schreier, eds. English and Spanish. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108623469.
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This volume compares the evolution and current status of two of the world's major languages, English and Spanish. Parallel chapters trace the emergence of Global English and Spanish and their current status, covering aspects such as language and dialect contact, language typology, norm development in pluricentric languages, and identity construction. Case studies look into the use of English and Spanish on the internet, investigate mixed and alternating lects, as well as ongoing change in Spanish-speaking minorities in the US. The volume thus contributes to current theoretical debates and provides fresh empirical data. While offering an in-depth treatment of the evolution of English and Spanish to the reader, this book introduces the driving factors and the effects of the emergence of world languages in general and is relevant for researchers and students of sociolinguistics, historical linguistics, and typology alike.
Book chapters on the topic "Typologie comparée"
1
Stracke, Christian M., Aras Bozkurt, and Daniel Burgos. "Typologies of (Open) Online Courses and Their Dimensions, Characteristics and Relationships with Distributed Learning Ecosystems, Open Educational Resources, and Massive Open Online Courses." In Distributed Learning Ecosystems, 71–95. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7_5.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses the different typologies of online courses. First, we start with a reflection about the key terms of online learning, online courses, and distributed learning ecosystems (DLE). In our literature review, we cannot identify any existing typology framework for online courses. Consequently, we analyse and compare dimensions and categories of online courses from different sources: first, from the collected publications and studies identified in our literature review, second, from the current practices and platforms for online courses, and third, from standards for online courses, including the first international quality norm for online learning ISO/IEC 40180. As our key result, a framework proposal for the different typologies of online courses is developed based on these discussions and a comparison of several dimensions. The integration of our comparison results leads to the Typologies of Online Courses (TOC) framework with eight dimensions. The aim of the TOC framework is two-fold. First, it should support designers in the design, quality development, and evaluation of online courses. Second, it should enable learners to differentiate online courses according to the dimensions of these courses in comparison with their own preferences and demands. In the conclusion, an outlook on future research needs is provided. Finally, we come full circle and briefly discuss how (open) online courses and especially the two currently most important types, namely, Open Educational Resources (OER) and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), can contribute to DLE and to addressing the general need for (equity and collaborative) education for all.
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Jevnaker, Birgit Helene, and Johan Olaisen. "Possibilities and Missing Links in Management Research: What We Do Not Know That We Know." In Reimagining Sustainable Organization, 55–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96210-4_3.
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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to address possibilities and missing links by looking into some contemporary knowledge management research. For this aim we analyse and compare all the papers in the proceedings of European Conference on Knowledge Management (ECKM) in Barcelona (2017), Padua (2018), Lisbon (2019), and the digital conference in 2020. The approach uses a philosophy of science framework and compares this to the content of the research papers. We will discuss the findings in four representations of knowledge, two typologies of concepts, and four paradigmatic classifications to open up for creative future explorations in knowledge management research. The results indicate a conference based upon as-is knowledge and less upon new and often unsolvable problems. There are however more critical and green papers in the 2020 conference opening up for new perspectives in the choice of methodology, problems, and knowledge.
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Pisarevskaya, Asya, and Peter Scholten. "Towards a Typology of Urban Diversities." In IMISCOE Research Series, 153–82. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72211-0_8.
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AbstractHow and why do some cities develop such different diversity configurations? And what is the relation between diversity and segregation levels and broader economic situation, migration history and political factors? After the analysis presented the previous chapters we know how 16 selected cities compare to each other in terms of mobilities, inequalities and broader political-institutional setting. However, to understand how these factors are related to diversity and segregation, requires a further step of analysis. To this aim, in this chapter we make the step towards a typology of cities of migration.
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Grbić, Nadja. "Who is an interpreter?" In Introducing New Hypertexts on Interpreting (Studies), 148–67. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.160.08grb.
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Although so-called ‘non-professionals’ are no longer instrumentalised in research solely in order to compare and contrast them with ‘professionals’, this does little to change the lasting perception of two clearly demarcated categories. Such a differentiation may be meaningful in some contexts, but it often over-simplifies and certainly perpetuates a hierarchical order. In my contribution, I will present an alternative, flexible typology in the form of a map that tries to take into account the multifaceted variety of interpreting and translation phenomena that we encounter in social practice. This typology is based on the empirical insight that a binary differentiation between ‘professional’ and ‘non-professional’ translation or interpreting is not always sufficient to capture adequately the complexity of empirical practice.
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Abou, Salé, Madi Ali, Anselme Wakponou, and Armel Sambo. "Sorghum Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the Semiarid Region of Cameroon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 147–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_41.
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AbstractThis chapter deals with the problem of sorghum farmers’ adaptation to climate change in the semiarid region of Cameroon. Its general objective is to compare the various adaptation strategies’ typologies and to characterize the sorghum farmers’ adaptation strategies on the basis of the suitable one. The stratified random sampling method was used to select the sites, which consist of twenty (20) villages, and the sample, which consists of six hundred (600) farm household heads. After conducting focus-groups in ten villages and interviews with resource persons, the primary data were collected using a semi-open survey questionnaire. It appears that the poor spatiotemporal distribution of rains and the drought constitute, respectively, the main climate hazard and the main water risk that farmers are dealing with; the farmers are vulnerable to climate change because the adaptation strategies used are mostly traditional, their adoption rates are very low, and the use of efficient adaptation strategies (irrigation, improved crop varieties) is almost unknown. The characterization of the adaptation strategies used shows that they are more complex than most authors who have established the typologies thought. It comes out that improving the resilience of these sorghum farmers absolutely requires the improvement of their basic socioeconomic conditions.
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Usher, Alex, and Jonathan Williams. "Losing Ground: Romanian Higher Education Since 2006 in Comparative Perspective." In Higher Education in Romania: Overcoming Challenges and Embracing Opportunities, 211–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94496-4_11.
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AbstractThis article uses a new global data set on higher education enrolments and finance covering 56 countries and well over 90% of the global higher education sector by enrolment, in order to examine the Romanian experience in higher education since 2006 in both a regional and a global comparative perspective. These comparisons highlight a few key facts about Romanian higher education, in particular: how different the institutional typology is compared to others in the region, how unprecedented the collapse in enrolments in the years after 2009, and how few resources, either public or private, the country invests in higher education compared to either a continental or global standard. The implications of these facts for Romanias future economic growth are briefly discussed.
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Demoraes, Florent, Nicolas Ovtracht, Kamila Tabaka, Sarah Duché, Boris Mericskay, and Camille Sieper. "The Spatial Dimension of “Pop-Up Cycle Paths” in Metropolitan Areas a Comparative Study of France and Colombia." In The Urban Book Series, 169–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45308-3_8.
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AbstractThis chapter goes over how Covid-19 pandemic impacted in space and time on cycling infrastructure in four French cities (Grenoble, Lyon, Montpellier, and Rennes) which we have compared with Bogotá (Colombia). It shows that local authorities implemented different strategies to develop their networks during this unusual period running from 2020 to 2021. The sizeable task of researching, refining, harmonising, and comparing several sources was formalised to ensure reproducibility, and a typology drawn up to compare the five cities. Certain local authorities installed equipment mainly in central spaces, while others also extended infrastructure to the outskirts, in certain cases duplicating pre-existing cycling facilities. In some cities, such as Montpellier, Grenoble, and even more markedly Bogotá, low-income districts also benefited to a certain extent from pop-up cycling infrastructure. Concerning the extent of coverage, two years after the beginning of the pandemic, most of the pop-up cycling infrastructure in the cities under study had been dismantled, or else retained on the already dense parts of the network. In several cases pop-up tracks were used to make up for missing links in the pre-existing network. They also sometimes provided a way of improving certain connections, but given the small number of pop-up paths which became lasting facilities, they have not fundamentally expanded the scale of the networks as the pandemic recedes, nor have they made the cities significantly more cycle-friendly overall.
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Lamm, Bettina, and Anne Tietjen. "The Rise and Fall of Public Urban Gardens: Four Cases from in and around Copenhagen." In Urban Agriculture in Public Space, 101–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41550-0_5.
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AbstractThis chapter presents four cases of urban garden projects in and around Copenhagen, Denmark, started between 2011 and 2013: Prags Have, Byhaven 2200, Byhaven Sundholm, and Havnehaverne. All four urban gardens were community-based and public, yet they varied widely in their organisation, management, funding, and status of the sites they occupied. While two of the gardens were started by cultural activists, the others were the initiative of the municipality and a private land developer. All of them shared a vision of not only growing produce but also integrating spaces for social inclusion and community gatherings. Looking into their underlying value system and organisational structure allows us to compare how the different typologies of urban gardens would impact their ability to thrive and flourish. The authors were particularly interested in the agendas pursued by the communities who managed them, how these agendas related to the specific site and context, and how the communities negotiated public access requirements with creating an enduring gardening community. As both bottom-up projects closed after 4 to 6 years, it is relevant to look into what resources were needed to run them and what led to their ultimate closure.
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Rosati, Gloria. "La stele di Hatiay a Cortona." In Strumenti per la didattica e la ricerca, 529–37. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0376-0.39.
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The stele, donated to the Museum of the Etruscan Academy of Cortona by Monsignor Guido Corbelli in 1894, was already described in the catalog of the Egyptian collection by Giuseppe Botti, in 1955. It belongs to a typology well known during the New Kingdom, with a depiction of solar boat in the lunette, fragmentary, and a hymn to the rising Sun, inscribed on five horizontal bands. Compared to the first edition, it is possible to integrate some expressions into the hymn, but above all the reading of two signs depicting divinities in the title of the owner, Hatiay, must be corrected. In this way, it can be connected to a group of high dignitaries of the first half of the 19th dynasty, and it is at least possible to identify him with a Hatiay of the same name who has very similar title
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Wayenberg, Ellen, Sabine Kuhlmann, Martin Laffin, and Tomas Bergström. "Conclusions: Intergovernmental Relations: Merits and Limits of the Policy-Focused Approach." In New Perspectives on Intergovernmental Relations, 207–16. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61790-4_11.
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AbstractOur book has taken a distinctive, policy-oriented approach to IGR in analysing both specific crisis-driven problems and new, longer-term, and emerging policy issues confronting European governments. We have explored the shifting balances of power within IGR systems focused on the challenges of vertical and horizontal coordination within cross-country, comparative perspectives. In order to position the country cases and policy issues analytically, we have developed an IGR typology (see Laffin et al., in this volume) that distinguishes between three types of policy processes (centralized, conflicted, and multi-layered). The authors were requested to apply this typology in their studies and consider crises and new policy issues which have tested the stability and functionality of IGR systems. A crisis is “commonly identified as an extraordinary situation, which results in escalated but temporal instability and uncertainty compared to the pre-existing status quo” (see Wojtowicz, in this volume; Sahin-Mencutek et al., 2022). Crises are challenging. But are they necessarily catalysts for change? Especially in the realm of historically grounded IGR? After all, changes do not occur all at once but rather in stages, or phases, according to various models and theories developed to put transitions into (a temporal) perspective. A classic and well-known example is Kurt Lewin’s change management model (1947) that divides the process of organizational change into the stages of unfreeze—change (or transition)—refreeze. A more recent example is Normalization Process Theory (NPT) in which coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring are the four phases through which innovations are embedded and integrated (May et al., 2020). Of course, these stages and phases should be seen as iterative and interconnected in practice, rather than in a linear form as they are usually presented.
Conference papers on the topic "Typologie comparée"
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Figueiredo, Erika Ciconelli de, and Maria Augusta Justi Pisani. "Office building typologies and circadian potential." In XVII ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE CONFORTO NO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO. ANTAC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/encac.v17i1.3878.
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Circadian rhythms are internal manifestations of the solar day that allow adaptations to environmental-temporal changes. Mood disorders are often associated with disrupted circadian clock-controlled responses, whereas circadian rhythm disruption is correlated to jet lag, night-shift work, or to exposure to artificial light at night. Modern lifestyle patterns lead to circadian rhythm disruption, and it results in several diseases. Circadian rhythm disruption is one of the factors most often investigated, besides smoking, diet, fatigue and quality sleep, increased body mass index and obesity. Lack of enough daylight at daytime and the exposure to electric light at nighttime can disconnect people from the natural environment and lead to psychological issues. The aims of the current research are to analyze the circadian potential of three building models based on WELL Certification, to compare their performance, and to draw design guidelines about circadian rhythm and users’ well-being to be applied to office buildings in São Paulo City, São Paulo State, Brazil. Adaptive Lighting for Alertness (ALFA tool) was used to calculate the Equivalent Melanopic Lux for WELL Certification criteria in the investigated scenarios. Results have indicated that shallow office plans can benefit users by providing them with regular circadian rhythm o help improving their sleep quality, reducing their stress and preventing severe diseases.
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Petrovic, Bojana, Chiara Scaini, and Stefano Parolai. "DAMAGE ASSESSMENT FOR RAPID RESPONSE: THE CENTRAL ITALY 2016 M6 EVENT." In 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.56.
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In case of a seismic event, building damage is one of the causes of casualties. For this reason, the rapid estimation of expected structural damage in near-real time is of greatest importance to improve and support rapid response life-saving actions of emergency managers. Within this framework, we have developed the Damage Assessment for Rapid Response method that allows us to estimate the expected damage by using earthquake recordings in real or near-real time, and the knowledge of the fundamental frequency and the damping of the building. We simulate the linear dynamic behavior of buildings in a first order approximation as single-degree-of-freedom oscillators. We are not interested in a precise reconstruction of the dynamic behavior including the non-linear one, but in the exceeding of the relative displacement of predefined damage thresholds. The relative displacement at the top of the buildings is compared with damage thresholds defined in literature for different building typologies to assess the expected damage. The method can be applied to single buildings or building typologies in target areas using earthquake recordings of sensors installed at the basement or on the soil. In this study, we show the estimation of the expected damage for the dominant building typologies (low to mid-rise unreinforced masonry and low to high-rise reinforced concrete buildings) for four selected target areas (Amatrice, Norcia, Sulmona and Visso) for the M6 August 24 event of the Central Italy 2016-2017 seismic sequence. The considered towns are located at diverse epicentral distances and are characterized by different building typologies for which varying damage patterns have been observed. The fundamental frequencies are estimated using specific building-soil period-height relationships obtained from empirical measurements. The expected damage is compared with the observed one for the dominant building typologies and is in accordance with it for most of the considered building typologies in the four target areas.
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Shi, Zhongming, Shanshan Hsieh, Bhargava Krishna Sreepathi, Jimeno A. Fonseca, François Maréchal, and Arno Schlueter. "Coarse typological studies on urban program and density defined by various urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5636.
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Coarse typological studies on urban program and density defined by various urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore. Zhongming Shi1,2, Shanshan Hsieh1,2,3, Bhargava Krishna Sreepathi1,2, Jimeno A. Fonseca1,2, François Maréchal1,3, Arno Schlueter1,2 1 Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, 1 Create Way, CREATE Tower, 138602 Singapore 2 Architecture and Building Systems, Institute of Technology in Architecture, ETH Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland 3 Industrial Process and Energy Systems Engineering Group, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland E-mail: shi@arch.ethz.ch, nils.schueler@epfl.ch, hsieh@arch.ethz.ch, sebastien.cajot@epfl.ch, fonseca@arch.ethz.ch, francois.marechal@epfl.ch, schlueter@arch.ethz.ch Keywords: Urban typology, urban form, energy technology, urban program, density Conference topics and scale: Efficient use of resources in sustainable cities Cities consume about three quarters of global primary energy. Compared to the beginning of the Twentieth Century, the urban area is expected to triple by 2030. The future urban energy performance is substantially influenced by how the urban area is planned, designed, and built. New energy technologies have enabled new possibilities of the urban form. For example, a district cooling system can free the building rooftops for more architectural design options, like an infinity pool or a sky garden. Vice versa, to maximize the energy performance, some new energy technologies enforce some specific requirements on the urban forms, like the urban form and density. We apply a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation to identify the optimal allocation of energy demand density and energy systems (e.g. district cooling network) subject to resource availability and energy (or environmental) performance targets (e.g. renewable share). The optimized energy demand density can be translated into urban program combinations and density ranges and gradients. To build the model, we survey the prevailing energy conversion technologies and their costs. Based on the local standards of Singapore, we derive the energy profiles and demand densities of buildings with different programs. We adopt a real case study in Singapore to test the target energy technologies. Adjacent to the existing central business district, the site, currently a container terminal, has an area around 1,000 hectares. Upon the relocation of the terminal in 10 years, the energy technologies, the density, and the program of the site have a variety of possibilities. This paper builds a series of coarse urban typologies in terms of urban program and density when adopting different urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore. Furthermore, the general density and the density gradient may vary when the size of these energy infrastructures alters. In an integrated urban design process involving energy considerations, the urban designer can refer these urban typologies for rules on the general density, the density gradient, and the urban program combination based on the selected energy technologies. On the other way, these urban typologies can also help on the selection of energy technologies to accommodate the target urban density and program. References (100 words) Ratti, C., Baker, N., and Steemers, K. (2005). Energy consumption and urban texture. Energy Build. 37, 762–776. Salat, S. (2009). Energy loads, CO2 emissions and building stocks: morphologies, typologies, energy systems and behaviour. Build. Res. Inf. 37, 598–609. Seto, K.C., Güneralp, B., and Hutyra, L.R. (2012). Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 16083–16088. UN-Habitat (2012). Energy. [Online]. Available: http://unhabitat.org/urban-themes/energy. [Accessed:08-Nov-2016].
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Berghauser Pont, Meta, Gianna Stavroulaki, Lars Marcus, Kailun Sun, Ehsan Abshirini, and Jesper Olsson. "Quantitative comparison of the distribution of densities in three Swedish cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5317.
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Typologies play a role in urban studies since a long time, but definitions are often rather abstract, ill-defined and at worst end in fixed stereotypes hiding underlying spatial complexity. Traditional typologies are focussing on separate elements, which allow for understanding crucial differences of one spatial feature in greater detail, but lack the capacity to capture the interrelation between elements. Further, they often focus on one scale level and therefore lack to acknowledge for interscalarity. Recent publications define morphological typologies based on quantitative variables, building on the seminal book ´Urban Space and Structures´ by Martin and March, published in 1972, but using more advanced spatial analysis and statistics. These approaches contribute to the discussion of types in two ways: firstly, they define types in a precise and repeatable manner allowing for city-scale comparisons; secondly, they acknowledge cross-scale dynamics important for e.g. living qualities and economic processes where not only the local conditions are important, but also the qualities in proximity. This paper focuses on the comparison of building types in three Swedish cities, using the multi-variable and multi-scalar density definition. A statistical clustering method is used to classify cases according to their measured similarity across the scales. The results show that working with types is a fruitful way to reveal the individual identity of these types, compare cities and highlight some differences in the way the three cities are structured.
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Valladares, David, Luis Castejo´n, Marco Carrera, Ramo´n Miralbe´s, Hugo Malo´n, and Carlos Marti´n. "Comparative Analysis of Two Numerical Methods of Rollover Simulation of a Semitrailer for Hydrogen Transport." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87379.
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Nowadays, the use of the Finite Element Method [1] by means of simulation computer tools has made possible a substantial step forward in the field of calculation and optimization of vehicle structures. More specifically, these modern calculation tools are achieving great cost reductions corresponding to the experimental tests necessary to verify the appropriate performance of a vehicle in impact cases. On the other hand, great efforts will have to be done to develop correct numerical models for calculation. Once these numerical models have been validated with experimental tests, elimination of experimental costs compensates for these calculation efforts. A greater flexibility in decision making with respect to design and optimization alternatives will be achieved as well. The objective of this paper is to obtain an appropriate test simulation methodology for a specific vehicle and a specific impact case: There have been carried out the simulations of two different rollover test typologies in order to verify an adequate and safe behaviour of a semitrailer designed for hydrogen transport. After results of these two simulations are obtained, they will be compared in order to set which is the most restrictive and therefore the most appropriate. A lightened configuration has been also considered so as to carry out a sensibility analysis of material and thickness of some structural parts over numerical results in both test typologies in order to verify these simulations.
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Beggiato, Matthias, Cornelia Hollander, Stephan Enhuber, Klaus Moessner, and Georg Jahn. "Typology of Behavioral and Emotional Reactions to Uncomfortable Automated Driving Operations." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005204.
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Driving comfort is considered one of the core factors for broad public acceptance of automated driving. Monitoring emotional and behavioral reactions to potentially uncomfortable automated driving maneuvers could allow for early interventions to avoid discomfort, e.g. by adapting the automated driving style or information presentation. In a driving simulator study, 74 participants balanced in gender and age (51% male, 19 to 75 years) were instructed to answer emails on a laptop placed at the center console during a highly automated drive. After several kilometers, they experienced a rather fast and uncomfortable approach to a stationary truck at the rear end of a traffic jam. Behavioral (take-over, glances, interruption of laptop work) as well as emotional reactions (facial expression analysis using Visage FaceTrack and FaceAnalysis v9.0) were assessed 200m before reaching the end of the traffic jam and compared to a 200m baseline. To consider individual differences, a clustering approach was applied, resulting in a typology of five reaction patterns. Cluster 1 (“not noticed”, 9%) did not interrupt the laptop work and showed no glances ahead to the approach situation. Cluster 2 (“quick check”, 15%) interrupted the laptop work only briefly but did not take the hands off the keyboard, quickly checked the situation (9.5% glance time ahead) and showed a small average peak increase in the emotion “surprise” of 4.8% compared to the baseline. Cluster 3 (“observation”, 30%) interrupted the laptop work by removing the hands from the keyboard, observed the situation (20.6% glance time ahead) and showed an increase in average peak surprise by 9.7%. Cluster 4 (“quick take-over”, 31%) observed the situation (45.1% glance time ahead), interrupted the laptop work by grasping the steering wheel, started braking rather quickly at the last moments of the approach and showed an increase in average peak surprise by 9.2%. Cluster 5 (“planned take-over”, 15%) observed the situation intensively already at a very early stage (64.3% glance time ahead), resumed manual control in a planned manner and showed little increase in average peak surprise by 3.8%. To conclude, behavioral and emotional reactions to an identical uncomfortable automated approach maneuver differ considerably between participants. Thus, information and prevention strategies to avoid discomfort cannot be designed as a one-fits-all solution, but need to be tailored to the actual state and behavior of each driver.
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Liu, Yading. "LITERATURE TRANSPLANTATION OF TYPOLOGY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YUAN MEI’S AND G. R. DERZHAVIN’S NATURE POEMS." In 10th International Conference "Issues of Far Eastern Literatures (IFEL 2022)". St. Petersburg State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063770.29.
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The application of typology to linguistic research has obtained abundance production in China, Britain and the United States, but there are no examples of its application in Chinese and English literature studies, except for some cases of comparative literature studies in the Soviet Union. This paper compares the nature poems of Chinese poet Yuan Mei and Russian poet Derzhavin in the 18th century from three levels: concept, imagery and texture. From the conceptual level, Yuan Mei (the subjectivity) keeps close contact with nature (the objectivity) without the help of God as an intermediary, while Derzhavin creates the trinity of man, god and nature. From the level of imagery, Yuan Mei is fonder of static description, and Derzhavin is more interested in tracking the dynamic process of nature. From the textural level, the third person description of the objective “speaker” in Yuan Mei’s poems is more frequent, while the “speaker’s” participation in Derzhavin’s poems is more noticeable. This paper also describes a method of making a mesoscopic and macroscopic comparative study of different countries’ literature by means of typology.
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Albanesi, Luca, Nicolò Damiani, Carlo Filippo Manzini, and Paolo Morandi. "EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL IN-PLANE SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF AN INNOVATIVE STEEL REINFORCEMENT SYSTEM FOR URM WALLS." In 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.122.
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An experimental campaign, followed by a numerical research, aimed at evaluating the in-plane seismic behaviour of an innovative steel modular system (named “Resisto 5.9”, designed by Progetto Sisma s.r.l.) for the reinforcement of load-bearing masonry walls, has been performed at the EUCENTRE Foundation in Pavia. Different masonry typologies, selected among the most common solutions in Italian existing buildings, were considered in this study. In this paper, the results related to a solid clay bricks masonry, assembled using lime mortar in “header bond” pattern, are reported. A complete mechanical characterization of units, mortars, masonry typologies and of the strengthening system components (i.e. steel elements and anchors) has been carried out. In-plane cyclic pseudo-static tests were then performed on full-scale specimens to investigate the influence of the proposed reinforcement system on the lateral in-plane response of the walls, compared to their unreinforced conditions. The main parameters which characterized the cyclic behaviour of the masonry piers, i.e. elastic stiffness, lateral strength and displacement capacity, were analysed in relation to the achieved damage mechanism. The numerical study of the research consisted of a series of parametric non-linear analyses on advanced discontinuous models based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM). Different wall dimensions, vertical load levels and boundary conditions, in addition to those tested experimentally, were considered. Moreover, the numerical campaign was also extended varying the bond pattern and the mechanical properties with respect to the experimentally tested solutions. In this paper, the results of the experimental tests on solid brick masonry together with the calibration of the related numerical DEM models were reported.
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Polášková, Eva. "Zur Form und Funktion der Beispielsätze bei der Grammatikvermittlung anhand grammatischer DaF-Handbücher." In Form und Funktion. University of Ostrava, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/fufd2023.08.
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The success of a German grammar handbook for foreign speakers when conveying grammar not only depends on well-founded theoretical descriptions, but also on appropriate model and example sentences, which may prove more essential than the explanatory passages themselves. The aim of this article is to analyse various structures and functions of model and example sentences in selected German grammar handbooks for foreign speakers, to establish a typology of these sentences and then use these criteria to compare the handbooks. Within this process we will search for the potential to improve these handbooks in this respect.
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Duport, Laurent J. "Learning from Le Corbusier." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.660.
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Résumé: Interrogé sur l’enseignement de l’architecture, et bien qu’il ait exposé ses idées sur le sujet principalement dans deux de ses livres : « Précisions » (1930) et « Sur les quatre routes » (1941) Le Corbusier répond : « Je n’ai jamais reçu d’enseignement proprement dit. Je suis autodidacte même dans le sport. ». La formidable puissance didactique de Le Corbusier réside en cinq points : sa formation, son positionnement théorique, son invention de typologies, sa diffusion de l’architecture, sa production prolifique. Ainsi, bien au-delà de l’Œuvre Complète Le Corbusier offre à qui veut s’en servir un champ pédagogique particulièrement riche à découvrir et à partager. Aucun programme ne lui a échappé que ce soit les villas ou maisons, le logement collectif, les bureaux, les équipements (publics ou privés), les bâtiments institutionnels, les musées, les usines : tout est matière à invention. Cette invention s’accompagne de sa diffusion de l’architecture, de ses idées, à travers publications et conférences à travers le monde. Mais cela n’est rien comparé à sa production aux échelles variées de l’habitat minimum jusqu’à l’édifice monumental. C’est pourquoi avec le regard porté sur le projet des Quartiers Modernes Frugès construits à Pessac en 1926 nous examinerons comment ce « laboratoire » constitue une expérience pédagogique qui a valeur d’exemplarité et toujours d’actualité. Abstract: Asked about the architectural education and although he outlined his ideas on the subject mainly in two of his books: "Précisions" (1930) and "Sur les quatre routes" (1941), Le Corbusier replied: "I have never received proper education. I am self-taught even in sport. ". The amazing power of Le Corbusier’s didactic resides in five points: his training, his theoretical positioning, his invention of typologies, his diffusion of architecture, his prolific production. Thus, beyond his “Oeuvres Complètes” Le Corbusier offers to whom wants to use it, a rich educational field to discover and share. No program has eluded him whether it is villas or houses, collective housing, offices, facilities (public or private), institutional buildings, museums, factories : everything is material for invention. This invention is accompanied with his diffusion of architecture, of his ideas in books or lectures all over the world. But this is nothing compare to his production to various scales from the minimum housing to the monumental building. Therefore with the close look on the Modern Quarters Frugès project built in Pessac in 1926 we will examine how this "laboratory" is an educational experience that has of exemplarity value and is still relevant today. Mots-clés: Enseignement, Habitat, Patrimoine XXe, polychromie, Restauration. Keywords: Education, Housing, Heritage XXe, Polychromie, Restoration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.660
Reports on the topic "Typologie comparée"
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Ferry, Kam. Compensation Benchmarking in the Indian Social Sector Report. Indian School Of Development Management, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58178/2209.1006.
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This report presents the key findings from the study on compensation benchmarking in the Indian social sector. Drawing from a sample of 75 Indian social purpose organizations(SPOs), it provides an insight into the existing compensation practices across a typology of roles and SPOs. It also presents the status of social sector compensation as compared to the general industry compensation.
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Gillespie, Jeffrey, Christine Whitt, and Christopher Davis. Structure, management practices, and production costs of U.S. beef cow-calf farms. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8134136.ers.
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The cow-calf segment of the U.S. beef industry is diverse in farm size, structure, and location, with farms located in every State and ranging from very small to very large. Modest structural change has occurred in this segment over the past two decades, resulting in moderately fewer farms that produce more animals and are more specialized in cow-calf production. This report compares cow-calf farms by region, farm size, phases of beef production that are present on the farm, and farm typology using the cow-calf version of the 2018 USDA Agricultural Resource Management Survey. Larger scale cow-calf farms were found in the Northern Plains and West regions, whereas smaller scale farms tended to be located in the Southeast and Southern Plains regions. Larger scale cow-calf farms had lower economic costs per cow and tended to adopt advanced technologies, management practices, and production systems at greater rates than smaller farms
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research. Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices. Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed. Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data. Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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A Typology of Organisations in the Indian Social Sector. Indian School Of Development Management, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58178/2208.1003.
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"The Indian social sector is one of the largest and growing social economies across the world. However, there is lack of understanding of the variety of organisations in this sector as the existing typologies of social sector organisations are not suitable to understand the Indian social sector. This is because of two main reasons: first, the literature has largely concentrated on typologies of social sector enterprises in the developed economies of the West especially North America and European Union. Second, the different demands of the social sector in developed economies have led to growth of social sector enterprises which are widely different in form and structure compared to the Indian social sector organisations. With a view to fill this gap in the existing research, first we provide an overview of the existing typologies of social sector enterprises. Second, we suggest a typology that considers different characteristics simultaneously to provide a hierarchical typology of social sector organisations in India. We conclude the discussion with identification of the factors to be considered for application of this typology."