Journal articles on the topic 'Typhoons Vietnam'
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1
T. Cao Duy, C. Nguyen Xuan, M. Nguyen Dai, H. Nguyen Huu, and C. Bui Tat. "Typhoons and technical solutions recommended for existing and new houses in the cyclonic regions in Vietnam." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.762.
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Typhoons are considered as the most destructive natural disaster in Vietnam. Typhoons that have the intensity scale greater than 10 or 11 (Beaufort scale) cause sever damages to houses and buildings on their paths. Typhoons associated with inundation can also create short- and long-term damages to national socio-economy and have negative impacts on the country’s economic development. The typhoon affected area can be from hundreds to thousands of kilometres depending on the landfall of the typhoon. In Vietnam, the typhoon season is normally from June to October (occasionally to November or December), and is the most intense in September and October. This paper hence provides the information on typhoons in Vietnam. The paper also introduces the technical solutions recommended for existing and new houses located in the tropical cyclonic areas. The technical solutions presented in this paper are based on the Vietnamese traditional constructions, the results of the research projects conducted by IBST and other Vietnamese institutions as well as the international construction experiences regarding to natural disasters prevention and mitigations.
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Lap, Tran Quoc. "Researching the Variation of Typhoon Intensities Under Climate Change in Vietnam: A Case Study of Typhoon Lekima, 2007." Hydrology 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6020051.
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Most of the typhoons that impact coastal regions of Vietnam occur from the north to the central part, between June and November. As a result of global warming, typhoon intensities are expected to increase. Therefore, an assessment of various typhoon strengths is essential. In this study, Typhoon Lekima, which hit Vietnam in 2007, was simulated by weather research and forecast models, using ensemble simulation methodology. Reproductive results of the typhoon intensity are similar to actual estimated values from the Japan Meteorological Agency. Also, the variation of typhoon intensities and heavy rainfall in future climate scenarios was investigated using numerical simulations based on pseudo global warming conditions, constructed using fifth-phase results of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project multi-model global warming experiments. Simulation results of five Pseudo Global Warming (PGW_FF) models indicate that intensities of the typhoon will be magnified in future climate. The minimum sea level pressure of typhoons similar to Typhoon Lekima in the future will increase from 8 hPa to 9 hPa, and the spatial distribution of maximum wind speed and tracked direction will move towards the southern regions. Total precipitation will significantly increase for a maximum of six hours, and the spatial distribution of heavy rain caused by typhoons will shift from the north to the southwest of Vietnam. In the future, simulated results showed that global warming correlates strongly with a significant increase in typhoon intensity and heavy rain.
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Anh, L. T., D. D. T. Trang, N. D. Thao, and N. Kiet. "Application of Delft3D-WAVE in the investigation of the typhoon-induced high wave in Central Vietnam." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1091, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1091/1/012024.
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With a long coastline of around 3260 km, tropical typhoons induce the deadliest disasters in Central Vietnam’s highly populated coastal area. The focus of this paper is two-fold. The first objective is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing Delft3D-WAVE in forecasting typhoon-induced high wave events in Central Vietnam. By running a WRF model simultaneously in multiple domains with different grid resolutions, wind field distribution data during typhoon events were reproduced. Using the generated wind field data, typhoon Kaemi (2000) was employed as the case study to calibrate and validate the wave models. Comparisons between simulated results and observed data showed a good agreement, especially during peak wave height. The combined wind-wave model was applied to estimate the temporal and spatial impacts of high waves caused by the typhoon Ketsana (2009). The second objective is to assess the potetial risk from typhoon-induced wave in Central Vietnam based on the models output. From these results, this study recommends the application of Delft3D-WAVE to investigate high waves induced by typhoon events in Vietnam’s coastal areas.
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Thuy, Nguyen Ba. "The risk of typhoon and storm surge along the coast of Vietnam." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 19, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/19/3/13899.
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The history (1951–2016) and the risk of typhoon and storm surge in coastal areas of Vietnam are analyzed and evaluated based on the observation data, results of statistical and numerical models. The Monte Carlo method was used to construct a bogus typhoon. A coupled numerical model of Surge, Wave and Tide (called SuWAT) was used for simulation of storm surge. The results show that in the period of 1951–2016 there were many typhoons which landed and induced high storm surge on the coast of the North and the North of Center of Vietnam. During one thousand years, there have been 4,678 typhoons entering the coastal zone from Quang Ninh to Ca Mau. In particular, the most severe typhoon in coastal area from Quang Ninh to Thanh Hoa is at level 16 (Beaufort scale), Nghe An - Quang Tri at level 16, Quang Binh - Phu Yen at level 17, Binh Dinh - Ninh Thuan at level 15 and Binh Thuan - Ca Mau at level 13. The coastal areas with highly vulnerable storm surge are provinces from Quang Ninh to Hai Phong (4.5 m), Thanh Hoa to Nghe An (4.0 m), Quang Tri (5.0 m). The results of this study are the basis for the preparation to cope with strong/super typhoon in the coast of Vietnam.
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Pham Tien, Dat, Huan Nguyen Minh, and Anh Nguyen Phuong. "Numerical modeling and validating waves generated by typhoons in the East Vietnam Sea using satellite data." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Biển 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/16408.
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Calculating waves generated by typhoons is one of the most important tasks for wave forecasting at a stormy region like the East Vietnam Sea. It is, however, difficult to access the accuracy of calculated wave heights due to the lack of observed data. An approach of combining numerical models and satellite data has been widely used. In this study, we used the WAVEWATCH III model to stimulate wave fields caused by three strong typhoons: Damrey (2005), Ketsana (2009) and Haiyan (2013), then compared significant wave heights with the merged satellite observations. The results show that the BIAS values are small and negative, indicating that the wave heights from the model are lower than those from satellites in all cases. In contrast, the RMSE values of the three cases are considerably different but are still below 1 m. Finally, the average correlation coefficient is highest in typhoon Damrey (r = 0.94) whereas in typhoon Ketsana and Haiyan, r = 0.84 and r = 0.87, respectively. In conclusion, the study suggests that the WAVEWATCH III model has good performance for typhoon wave calculations and can be useful for wave forecasting in the East Vietnam Sea.
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Sang, Le Thanh, Artem S. Lukyanets, and Farzona M. Garibova. "GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: TRENDS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR VIETNAM." Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, no. 6 (2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2021-6-02.
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The modern scientific theory of global climate change has been developing for several decades, tens of thousands of scientific articles have been published. Climate change and its impacts are already visible in many parts of the world, and coastal areas are highly vulnerable to these changes. The Vietnamese government has foreseen the impact of climate change and has already taken various measures to control the impact of coastal hazards. However, with 3,200 km of coastline, Vietnam still suffers severely from damage caused by floods, erosion and typhoons each year. In addition, most of Vietnam's coastal areas are below 1 m in height, making them particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and associated sea level rise. This article is devoted to the description of the consequences of climate change for Vietnam and analyzes their impact on the socio — economic and demographic situation of the country. The analysis of Vietnam's National Climate Change Strategy for the period 2011-2020 is presented. The study found that Vietnam faces potentially significant social and economic impacts in many regions and sectors. Without effective adaptation and disaster risk reduction efforts, multidimensional poverty and inequality are likely to increase.
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Takagi, Hiroshi, and Wenjie Wu. "Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the western North Pacific." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2016): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-705-2016.
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Abstract. Even though the maximum wind radius (Rmax) is an important parameter in determining the intensity and size of tropical cyclones, it has been overlooked in previous storm surge studies. This study reviews the existing estimation methods for Rmax based on central pressure or maximum wind speed. These over- or underestimate Rmax because of substantial variations in the data, although an average radius can be estimated with moderate accuracy. As an alternative, we propose an Rmax estimation method based on the radius of the 50 kt wind (R50). Data obtained by a meteorological station network in the Japanese archipelago during the passage of strong typhoons, together with the JMA typhoon best track data for 1990–2013, enabled us to derive the following simple equation, Rmax = 0.23 R50. Application to a recent strong typhoon, the 2015 Typhoon Goni, confirms that the equation provides a good estimation of Rmax, particularly when the central pressure became considerably low. Although this new method substantially improves the estimation of Rmax compared to the existing models, estimation errors are unavoidable because of fundamental uncertainties regarding the typhoon's structure or insufficient number of available typhoon data. In fact, a numerical simulation for the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan as well as 2015 Typhoon Goni demonstrates a substantial difference in the storm surge height for different Rmax. Therefore, the variability of Rmax should be taken into account in storm surge simulations (e.g., Rmax = 0.15 R50–0.35 R50), independently of the model used, to minimize the risk of over- or underestimating storm surges. The proposed method is expected to increase the predictability of major storm surges and to contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in the western North Pacific, including countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Vietnam.
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Trinh, Tam Thi, Charitha Pattiaratchi, and Toan Bui. "The Contribution of Forerunner to Storm Surges along the Vietnam Coast." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070508.
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Vietnam, located in the tropical region of the northwest Pacific Ocean, is frequently impacted by tropical storms. Occurrence of extreme water level events associated with tropical storms are often unpredicted and put coastal infrastructure and safety of coastal populations at risk. Hence, an improved understanding of the nature of storm surges and their components along the Vietnam coast is required. For example, a higher than expected extreme storm surge during Typhoon Kalmegi (2014) highlighted the lack of understanding on the characteristics of storm surges in Vietnam. Physical processes that influence the non-tidal water level associated with tropical storms can persist for up to 14 days, beginning 3–4 days prior to storm landfall and cease up to 10 days after the landfall of the typhoon. This includes the forerunner, ‘direct’ storm surge, and coastally trapped waves. This study used a continuous record of six sea level time series collected over a 5-year period (2013–2017) from along the Vietnam coast and Hong Kong to examine the contribution of the forerunner to non-tidal water level. The forerunner is defined as the gradual increase in mean water level, 2–3 days prior to typhoon landfall and generated by shore parallel winds and currents that result in a mean higher water level at the coast. Results indicated that a forerunner was generated by almost all typhoons, at least at one station, with a range between 20 and 50 cm. The forerunner contributed up to 50% of the water level change due to the storm. Combination of forerunner and onshore winds generated storm surges that were much higher (to 70 cm). It was also found that the characteristics of the typhoon (e.g., path, speed, severity and size) significantly influenced the generation of the forerunner. It is recommended that the forerunner that is not currently well defined in predictive models should be included in storm surge forecasts.
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Takagi, H., and W. Wu. "Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the Western North Pacific." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 10 (October 27, 2015): 6431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-6431-2015.
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Abstract. Even though the maximum wind radius (Rmax) is an important parameter in determining the intensity and size of tropical cyclones, it has been overlooked in previous storm surge studies. This research reviewed the existing estimation methods of Rmax based on the central pressure or maximum wind speed. These over or underestimated Rmax because of the substantial variety of the data, though an average radius could be moderately estimated. Alternatively, we proposed an Rmax estimation method based on the radius of the 50 knot wind (R50). The data obtained during the passage of strong typhoons by a meteorological station network in the Japanese archipelago enabled us to derive the following formula, Rmax = 0.23R50. Although this new method substantially improved the estimation of Rmax compared to the existing models, an estimation error was unavoidable because of fundamental uncertainties regarding the typhoon's structure or insufficient number of available typhoon data. In fact, a numerical simulation from 2013 Typhoon Haiyan demonstrated a substantial difference in the storm surge height for different Rmax. Therefore, the variability of Rmax should be taken into account in storm surge simulations, independently of the model used, to minimize the risk of over or underestimation of storm surges. The proposed method is expected to increase the reliability of storm surge prediction and contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in the Western North Pacific, including countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Vietnam.
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Huong, Chu Thi Thu, Tran Dinh Linh, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, and Nguyen Binh Phong. "Changes of the temperature field during storms and Effects of Cold Air on Structure of Thermal Fields in Typhoons – Case in China and Vietnam Sea." International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research 6, no. 6 (2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.6.6.5.
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This study goal is to explore Changes of the temperature field during storms and Effects of Cold Air on Structure of Thermal Fields in Typhoons. Typhoons are a kind of tropical cyclone that often occur on tropical or subtropical sea surfaces where the sea surface temperature is higher than 26.5 ◦C (HU et al, 2000). The results show that When affected by cold air, the hot core structure in the storm is broken. Temperature tends to increase gradually from west to east and from north to south. Temperatures in the northern and western regions were still lower than in the center of the storm, but in the eastern and southern areas of the center of the storm, the temperature was higher than in the center of the storm. Near the surface, below 800hPa, the temperature of the center of the storm is also lower than the average temperature of the areas around the center of the storm (except for typhoon Kammuri). The decrease in temperature in the lower central region and areas north and west of the center of the storm is due to the intrusion of the CA. This result demonstrates the role of cold air to the structure of the temperature field in the storm. However, further explanations are needed for the distribution of the maximum hot cores in the center of the storm.
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Bankoff, Greg. "Wind, Water, and Risk: Shaping a Transnational History of the Western North Pacific." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 4, no. 1 (December 9, 2015): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2015.29.
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AbstractThe peoples who inhabit the states that lie in the direct paths of typhoons in the Western North Pacific share a common history of repeated dislocation, destruction, and death that delimits a zone of comparative enquiry and historiographical interest. The track left by typhoons across ocean and land perfectly outline the dimensions of a more transnational historical region encompassing the Philippines, Vietnam, China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and the island states of Micronesia. The peoples of these lands are bound together by a common experience of risk. Wind and water together offer a radical alternative historiography to state-centred master narratives that are revealed by pursuing issues and questions that transcend the spatial and temporal boundaries of any one state or region.
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Đức, Trần Thanh. "VULNERABILITY TO FLOODING AND COPING BEHAVIOR FOUND IN HOUSING CONDITION: A CASE STUDY IN VAN QUAT DONG VILLAGE, TAM GIANG LAGOON AREA, CENTRAL VIETNAM." Hue University Journal of Science: Earth Science and Environment 126, no. 4B (June 2, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/hueuni-jese.v126i4b.4294.
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<p>Vietnam is a country that is suffered from frequent natural disasters. The most common types of natural disasters experienced are typhoon and flood. From 1951 to 2010, there were 166 typhoons come to Vietnam, of which 67 % hit the central region, 25 % to the north and 8 % to the south of the country. Typhoons bring heavy rains and high tides which accelerate floods, particularly in the coastal and lagoon areas of Central Vietnam. Identification of vulnerability to flooding and coping behavior of local people is required in the efforts to strengthen local capacity related to livelihood security in the study area. This study aims at characterizing the vulnerability of housing condition to flooding and the coping behaviors of local people after experienced big floods in Tam Giang lagoon area, Central Vietnam. Measurement of house’s foundation, observation of types of housing, interview to collect information about the water level during the events of big floods, year of construction and change of people’s behavior after the 1999’s flood were conducted with 427 households in Van Quat Dong village where four big flooding occurred in 1983, 1999, 2007 and 2009 during the last 30 years. The study shows that the 1999’s flood was the biggest flood with water height reached to 148.7 ± 23.9 cmfrom house floor and 222.6 ± 15.4 cmfrom ground level. The households located in the eastern part of the village are recognized more vulnerable to flood due to the lower altitude. The temporary and semi-permanent houses, which share 77.0 % to the entire houses, are considered to be relatively vulnerable to flooding due to weak housing materials and low height of foundation. The houses which categorized to permanent and semi-permanent types constructed after the 1999’s flood have higher foundation than the other houses constructed before the 1999’s flood. The raising of foundation height of permanent and semi-permanent houses, as well as an increase in numbers of two-storey houses, are recognized to be a behavior of local people to cope with flooding. The study also shows the relationship between the poverty level and the coping behaviors of households. Some of poor households in the village are still not in good preparedness to flooding. It suggests that poverty level of household concerns to the vulnerability to flooding and, therefore, rural development assistance to improve household economy for poverty alleviation is required in the efforts to strengthen local capacity related to livelihood security.<strong></strong></p>
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Gavagnin, Carolina, Maria Bruna Zolin, and Andrea Pastore. "Vietnam's Rice Price at the Intersection of Globalisation and Climate Variability." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 34, no. 2 (March 22, 2017): 28–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v34i2.5305.
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Vietnam has made huge economic improvements since the mid-1980s, opening up to international relationships and undergoing important economic and political reforms. It is also listed among the countries most vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate variability, forecasted rising temperatures and more frequent and intense severe climate-related natural disasters (floods, droughts, storms, typhoons, etc.). Rice plays an important role in Vietnam's national food security, rural development and political stability. The aim of this study is to analyze the pattern of domestic rice prices using potential variables from the supply and the demand side. It will focus on the role played by climate variability and severe weather events while also taking into account the strong public support for the sector. With this aim, the researchers have developed a regression model for mapping the domestic rice price through the generalized least squares model.
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Hung, Nguyen Thanh, Do Minh Duc, Dinh Thi Quynh, and Vu Dinh Cuong. "Nearshore Topographical Changes and Coastal Stability in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100755.
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Recently, the coastal zone in Vietnam has experienced more intensive sea attacks due to severe typhoons, climate change, and humsection an activities. Sea level rise has been recorded all along the coast. Moreover, sand exploitation and engineering measures have significantly changed local reliefs and led to apparent sea water level change on the coast of Nam Dinh province. Coastal erosion and sea dike failures have become a serious problem in the region. The site investigation of nearshore topography shows the recent changes to the coast. Hydrodynamic models show that changes of relief and increased wave attacks on dikes. The main reason for sea dike instability is soil erosion due to wave topping; meanwhile, the dikes are stable in terms of sliding. The coast should be reinforced with properly constructed revetments, wave topping preventive measures, and nearshore sand exploitation should be halted.
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Vo, Trong-Thach, Khin Lau, Lawrence M. Liao, and Xuan-Vy Nguyen. "Satellite image analysis reveals changes in seagrass beds at Van Phong Bay, Vietnam during the last 30 years." Aquatic Living Resources 33 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2020005.
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Seagrass meadows are fragile ecosystems in the coastal zone. Natural disasters, land reclamation and various human activities seem to exert negative impacts on the distribution and biological performance of seagrass beds in Vietnam. In this present study, satellite Landsat TM/OLI image analysis was applied to determine changes in seagrass distribution at Van Phong Bay, Vietnam in the last 30 years. The maximum likelihood decision rule was used to extract seagrass bed distribution data. The error matrix using the in situ reference data for HLM image classification was 81–95% accurate, and Kappa coefficients were between 0.72 and 0.91. The results indicated that 186.2 ha (or 35.8%) of the original seagrass beds were lost in the last three decades at Van Phong Bay, and decline in each specific site may have been due to different causes. Typhoons may have caused the loss of seagrass beds at open-sea sites whereas aquaculture activities, excavation and terrigenous obliteration may have caused such losses in protected sites.
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Nguyen, Kim-Anh, Yuei-An Liou, and James P. Terry. "Vulnerability of Vietnam to typhoons: A spatial assessment based on hazards, exposure and adaptive capacity." Science of The Total Environment 682 (September 2019): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.069.
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Nguyen, Huong Thi Thuy, Giles E. S. Hardy, Tuat Van Le, Huy Quoc Nguyen, Hoang Huy Nguyen, Thinh Van Nguyen, and Bernard Dell. "Mangrove Forest Landcover Changes in Coastal Vietnam: A Case Study from 1973 to 2020 in Thanh Hoa and Nghe An Provinces." Forests 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12050637.
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Mangrove forests can ameliorate the impacts of typhoons and storms, but their extent is threatened by coastal development. The northern coast of Vietnam is especially vulnerable as typhoons frequently hit it during the monsoon season. However, temporal change information in mangrove cover distribution in this region is incomplete. Therefore, this study was undertaken to detect change in the spatial distribution of mangroves in Thanh Hoa and Nghe An provinces and identify reasons for the cover change. Landsat satellite images from 1973 to 2020 were analyzed using the NDVI method combined with visual interpretation to detect mangrove area change. Six LULC classes were categorized: mangrove forest, other forests, aquaculture, other land use, mudflat, and water. The mangrove cover in Nghe An province was estimated to be 66.5 ha in 1973 and increased to 323.0 ha in 2020. Mangrove cover in Thanh Hoa province was 366.1 ha in 1973, decreased to 61.7 ha in 1995, and rose to 791.1 ha in 2020. Aquaculture was the main reason for the loss of mangroves in both provinces. Overall, the percentage of mangrove loss from aquaculture was 42.5% for Nghe An province and 60.1% for Thanh Hoa province. Mangrove restoration efforts have contributed significantly to mangrove cover, with more than 1300 ha being planted by 2020. This study reveals that improving mangrove restoration success remains a challenge for these provinces, and further refinement of engineering techniques is needed to improve restoration outcomes.
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Norton, John, and Guillaume Chantry. "Vaccinate Your Home Against the Storm - Reducing Vulnerability in Vietnam." Open House International 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2008-b0004.
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Vietnam's economic reforms have helped many poor families to replace fragile shelters with houses built using materials regarded as "solid". This substantial family investment remains at risk of damage or destruction by annual disaster events - storms, floods and typhoons - because basic principles of safe building are not applied, nor is preventive action taken by communities and individual families to safeguard the home and public buildings against unnecessary damage. Failure to do so puts people at much greater risk of loss and injury. Over two decades, Development Workshop France (DWF) has worked in Viet Nam to promote a culture of preventive action to reduce risk of damage. Based on ten key principles of storm-resistant construction, some of which have been drawn from traditional techniques, DWF trains local builders and technicians and undertakes a wide range of awareness raising actions in and with communities to promote hands on preventive safety in poor villages. Once sceptical, local governments now actively support the programme, which also strengthens local organizational and financial capacity. This paper reviews the approach and the lessons that can be learnt from the DWF Viet Nam experience and that of similar DWF preventive actions in other disaster contexts. It considers the opportunities and constraints to enable family and community preventive action to become a core and ongoing feature of disaster management practice at community and national level.
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Pollack, Amie Alley, Bahr Weiss, and Lam Tu Trung. "Mental health, life functioning and risk factors among people exposed to frequent natural disasters and chronic poverty in Vietnam." BJPsych Open 2, no. 3 (May 2016): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002170.
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BackgroundPeople living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are at increased risk for exposure to major natural disasters, which places them at increased risk for mental health problems. Evidence is less clear, however, regarding the effects of less severe but more frequent natural disasters, which are likely to increase due to global climate change.AimsTo examine the mental health and life functioning, and their predictors, of people living in central coastal Vietnam – an area characterised by high risk for natural disasters and poverty.MethodOne thousand individuals were randomly selected from five provinces in central coastal Vietnam. Individuals were assessed cross-sectionally for exposure to major storms and other traumatic events (Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale, or PDS), financial stress (Chronic Financial Stress Scale), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PDS), somatic syndrome (SCL-90-R), alcohol dependence (ICD-10), self-perceived general physical health (SF-36), and functional impairment (PDS life functioning section); caseness was determined using the various measures' algorithms.Results22.7% of the sample (n=227) met caseness criteria in one or more mental health domains, and 22.1% (n=221) reported moderate to severe functional impairment. Lifetime exposure to typhoons and other major storms was 99% (n=978), with 77% (n=742) reporting traumatic major storm exposure. Moderate to high levels of financial stress were reported by 30% (n=297). Frequency of exposure to major storms was not associated with increased risk for mental health problems but traumatic exposure to a major storm was. Overall, the strongest predictor of mental health problems was financial stress. Number of traumatic typhoons and other major storms in turn were significant predictors (r2=0.03) of financial stress. The primary predictor of alcohol dependence was male gender, highlighting the importance of gender roles in development of alcohol abuse in countries like Vietnam.ConclusionsIndividuals living in central coastal Vietnam have elevated rates of PTSD, somatic syndrome, and functional impairment but not depression or anxiety. Financial stress was the strongest predictor of mental health problems. Results suggest the importance of conducting broad assessments when providing mental health support for disaster-impacted communities. Study results suggest that one indirect consequence of predicted global climate change may be increased prevalence of mental health problems in communities such as that assessed in the present study, due to increased risk for traumatic storm-related exposure and through indirect effects on financial stress, but not through a general increased risk for major storms. Such results also indicate that when supporting LMIC communities that have experienced natural disasters, it will be important to consider the broader community context including poverty, in addition to the direct effects of the disaster.
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Kleinen, John. "Historical perspectives on typhoons and tropical storms in the natural and socio-economic system of Nam Dinh (Vietnam)." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 29, no. 4 (February 2007): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2006.05.012.
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Thuan, Duong Hai, Rafael Almar, Patrick Marchesiello, and Nguyen Trung Viet. "Video Sensing of Nearshore Bathymetry Evolution with Error Estimate." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 7 (July 19, 2019): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7070233.
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Although coastal morphology results essentially from underwater sediment transports, the evolution of underwater beach profiles along the diverse coastlines of the world is still poorly documented. Bathymetry inversion from shore-based video cameras set forth a more systematic evaluation and is becoming more commonly used. However, there are limitations to this profiling method that are insufficiently assessed, undermining confidence in operational applications. In this paper, we investigate the daily evolution of a low tide terrace (LTT) in Nha Trang beach, Vietnam, under strong seasonal forcing: from weak wind waves during summer monsoon to moderate waves during winter monsoon. A new error estimation for depth inversion is presented based on tidal evaluation. The method compares video-based estimate and direct measurement of tidal amplitudes to provide a quality criterion. It reveals three types of errors, the main one being a deep water error associated with physical limits—loss of celerity-bathymetry relationship in deep water. This error is dependent on wave period and thus has a strong seasonal pattern in Vietnam. It is generally detrimental to depth inversion where wind waves are dominant (in summer here). On the contrary, the second error type is larger for larger waves and is located at breakpoint, altering wave detection. The last error type is due to nonlinear effects and wave setup in shallow water. After removing the faulty data, we finally present the first reliable three-year time-series of a beach profile in Nha Trang, Vietnam. A main result is the overall stability demonstrated for the LTT beach, with rapid exchange of sediment between the terrace and the upper beach during typhoons, monsoon events or seasonal cycles. These tropical environments may provide faster beach recovery compared with mid-latitude configurations.
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Liu, Shuhong, Yuanjian Yang, Danling Tang, Hong Yan, and Guicai Ning. "Association between the Biophysical Environment in Coastal South China Sea and Large-Scale Synoptic Circulation Patterns: The Role of the Northwest Pacific Subtropical High and Typhoons." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 3250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163250.
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Synoptic weather conditions can modulate short-term variations in the marine biophysical environment. However, the impact of large-scale synoptic circulation patterns (LSCPs) on variations in chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and sea surface temperature (SST) in the South China Sea (SCS) remains unclear. Using a T-mode principal component analysis method, four types of LSCP related to the Northwest Pacific subtropical high are objectively identified over the SCS for the summers of 2015–2018. Type 1 exhibits a lower chl-a concentration of <0.3 mg m−3 offshore of southern Vietnam with respect to the other three types. For Type 2, the high chl-a concentration zone (>0.3 mg m−3) along the coast of Guangdong exhibits the widest areas of coverage. The offshore chl-a bloom jet (>0.3 mg m−3) formed in southern Vietnam is the most obvious under Type 3. Under Type 4, the high chl-a concentration zone along the coast of Guangdong is the narrowest, while the chl-a concentration in the middle of the SCS is the lowest (<0.1 mg m−3). These type differences are mostly caused by the various monsoon circulations, local ocean mesoscale processes and resultant differences in localized precipitation, wind vectors, photosynthetically active radiation and SST. In particular, precipitation over land helps to transport nutrients from the land to the shore, which is conducive to the increase of chl-a. However, precipitation over ocean will dilute the upper seawater and reduce chl-a. Typhoons pump the deeper seawater with nutrients to the surface, and therefore make a positive contribution to chl-a in most offshore areas; however, they also disturb shallower water and hinder the growth of phytoplankton, making a negative contribution near the coast of Guangdong. In general, our findings will provide a better understanding of wind pump impact: the responses of marine biophysical environments to LSCPs.
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Van Nguyen, Hiep, and Yi-Leng Chen. "Improvements to a Tropical Cyclone Initialization Scheme and Impacts on Forecasts." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 11 (October 24, 2014): 4340–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00326.1.
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Abstract This study makes improvements to the tropical cyclone (TC) initialization method introduced by Nguyen and Chen (i.e., the NC2011 scheme). The authors found that prescribing sea level pressure associated with the initial vortex using a modified Fujita formula has very little impact on the vortex structure and intensity during a series of 1-h model integration and relocation. On the other hand, inserting an artificial warm core makes the vortex spin up much faster. When a warm core is inserted during the initial spinup process, the computational time required for model initialization is reduced by ½–⅓. Because prescribed sea level pressure is not required to spin up the vortex, information on vortex size, such as radius of maximum wind, is no longer needed. The performance of the improved NC2011 scheme with an initial prescribed warm core during the initial spinup process is tested for typhoons that made landfall over southern China or Vietnam in 2006. Before landfall, these storms were over the open ocean where conventional data were sparse, without special observations. Two sets of model runs, with (NC2011-CTRL) and without (CTRL) vortex initialization, are performed for comparison. The initial and time-dependent boundary conditions are from the NCEP Final Analyses (FNL). There are twelve 48-h simulations in each run set. Results show that the vortex initialization improves TC track and intensity simulations.
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Thuy, Nguyen Ba. "The mechanism of after-runner storm surge along the Northern coast of Vietnam." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 17, no. 4B (December 15, 2017): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/17/4b/12860.
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In this study, the mechanism of sea level rise along the Northern coast of Vietnam after the landfall of the Typhoon Kalmaegi (September/2014) at Quang Ninh province was analyzed based on the observation data and the results of a coupled model of surge, wave and tide (called SuWAT), by using asymmetric and symmetric wind and pressure fields. For the asymmetric wind and pressure field, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used, while for the symmetric wind and pressure field, a parametric wind and pressure model was used. In the case using wind fields from the WRF model, the case that did not consider the effect of tail wind field after the typhoon landfall was also conducted in order to assess the role of the wind field before and after the typhoon landfall on the surge. The results showed that the case using wind and pressure field from the WRF model showed better agreement with observation data, because the WRF model well simulated the wind and pressure field before and after the typhoon landfall. The strong tail wind mainly caused the high surge in the area. This research result will be useful in warning and forecasting storm surges in the area.
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ANH, LE TUAN, DANG HOANG ANH, MAI THI YEN LINH, and NGUYEN DANH THAO. "Investigation typhoon induced storm surge and high wave in Vietnam using coupled Delft3d-FLOW – WAVE models combined with weather research forecast (WRF) output wind field." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v4i1.774.
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Introduction: Typhoon-induced disasters including storm surge and high wave are obvious threats to coastal areas in Vietnam. Thus, many researchers have paid their attention to this issue. The approaching methods are varied, including statistical methods and also numerical methods. This study suggests the coupled models Delft3D-FLOW and WAVE, using the meteorological output data from the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) for investigating the typhoon induced disasters in the coastal areas in Viet Nam. Method: WRF is run in multiple domains with different grid resolutions simultaneously and there is an interaction between them to reproduce the wind field during the typhoon events. Delft3D-FLOW is coupled with Delft3D-WAVE (SWAN) through a dynamic interaction, in which the FLOW module considers the received radiation stresses calculated by the wave module. On the other side, the updated water depth including the contribution of the storm surge will be used by the WAVE module. Both Delft3D-FLOW and Delft3D-WAVE models used wind fields from the WRF simulation output as the meteorological input data. The total surge level includes the storm surge, wave-induced setup and the tidal level. Results: The case of extreme weather event Typhoon Kaemi (2000) was used to validate the wind field and the wave height. The calibration process of the the storm surge level was based on the observed data during Typhoon Xangsane (2006), while Typhoon Durian (2006) were used to validate the coupled models. The comparisons show the good agreement between simulated results and observed data, especially in terms of the peak water level and highest significant wave height, which mainly governed by the typhoon wind field. The simulated results reveal that the surge height durring Typhoon Durrian period along its path was ranged from 1.2 to more than 1.4m, which can be considered to pose the greatest risk to low-lying coastal areas of the Mekong Delta. Conclusion: The suggested coupled models can be used to investigate the impact of typhoon induced disasters.
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Tuan, Tran Huu, Phong Tran, Kate Hawley, Fawad Khan, and Marcus Moench. "Quantitative cost-benefit analysis for typhoon resilient housing in Danang city, Vietnam." Urban Climate 12 (June 2015): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2015.01.002.
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Gröger, André, and Yanos Zylberberg. "Internal Labor Migration as a Shock Coping Strategy: Evidence from a Typhoon." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 123–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20140362.
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We analyze how internal labor migration facilitates shock coping in rural economies. Employing high-precision satellite data, we identify objective variations in the inundations generated by a catastrophic typhoon in Vietnam and match them with household panel data before and after the shock. We find that, following a massive drop in income, households cope mainly through labor migration to urban areas. Households with settled migrants ex ante receive more remittances. Nonmigrant households react by sending new members away who then remit similar amounts than established migrants. This mechanism is most effective with long-distance migration, while local networks fail to provide insurance. (JEL J61, O15, P25, P36, Q54, R23)
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KOBAYASHI, Hirohide, Akiko IIZUKA, Ryunosuke SHIRASAKA, and Masami KOBAYASHI. "A RESEARCH ON A MOUNTANOUS VILLAGE IN TYPHOON-FLOOD PRONE AREA OF CETRAL VIETNAM." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 73, no. 634 (2008): 2639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.73.2639.
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Du Duc, Tien, Lars Robert Hole, Duc Tran Anh, Cuong Hoang Duc, and Thuy Nguyen Ba. "Verification of Forecast Weather Surface Variables over Vietnam Using the National Numerical Weather Prediction System." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8152413.
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The national numerical weather prediction system of Vietnam is presented and evaluated. The system is based on three main models, namely, the Japanese Global Spectral Model, the US Global Forecast System, and the US Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The global forecast products have been received at 0.25- and 0.5-degree horizontal resolution, respectively, and the WRF model has been run locally with 16 km horizontal resolution at the National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting using lateral conditions from GSM and GFS. The model performance is evaluated by comparing model output against observations of precipitation, wind speed, and temperature at 168 weather stations, with daily data from 2010 to 2014. In general, the global models provide more accurate forecasts than the regional models, probably due to the low horizontal resolution in the regional model. Also, the model performance is poorer for stations with altitudes greater than 500 meters above sea level (masl). For tropical cyclone performance validations, the maximum wind surface forecast from global and regional models is also verified against the best track of Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Finally, the model forecast skill during a recent extreme rain event in northeast Vietnam is evaluated.
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Isobe, Kei O., Mitsunori Tarao, Nguyen H. Chiem, Le Y. Minh, and Hideshige Takada. "Effect of Environmental Factors on the Relationship between Concentrations of Coprostanol and Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Tropical (Mekong Delta) and Temperate (Tokyo) Freshwaters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 2 (February 2004): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.2.814-821.2004.
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ABSTRACT A reliable assessment of microbial indicators of fecal pollution (total coliform, Escherichia coli, and fecal streptococcus) is critical in tropical environments. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between concentrations of indicator bacteria and a chemical indicator, coprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol), in tropical and temperate regions. Water samples were collected from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, during wet and dry seasons, and from Tokyo, Japan, during summer, the aftermath of a typhoon, and winter. During the wet season in the Mekong Delta, higher bacterial densities were observed in rivers, probably due to the higher bacterial inputs from soil particles with runoff. In Tokyo, higher bacterial densities were usually observed during summer, followed by those in the typhoon aftermath and winter. A strong logarithmic correlation between the concentrations of E. coli and coprostanol was demonstrated in all surveys. Distinctive seasonal fluctuations were observed, as concentrations of coprostanol corresponding to 1,000 CFU of E. coli/100 ml were at their lowest during the wet season in the Mekong Delta and the typhoon aftermath in Tokyo (30 ng/liter), followed by the dry season in the Mekong Delta and the summer in Tokyo (100 ng/liter), and they were much higher during the winter in Tokyo (400 ng/liter). These results suggested that E. coli is a specific indicator of fecal contamination in both tropical and temperate regions but that the densities are affected by elevated water temperature and input from runoff of soil particles. The concurrent determination of E. coli and coprostanol concentrations could provide a possible approach to assessing the reliability of fecal pollution monitoring data.
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Nguyen, Cung H., John S. Owen, Joerg Franke, Luis C. Neves, and David M. Hargreaves. "Typhoon track simulations in the North West Pacific: Informing a new wind map for Vietnam." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 208 (January 2021): 104441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104441.
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Thuan, Duong H., Le T. Binh, Nguyen T. Viet, Dong K. Hanh, Rafael Almar, and Patrick Marchesiello. "Typhoon Impact and Recovery from Continuous Video Monitoring: a Case Study from Nha Trang Beach, Vietnam." Journal of Coastal Research 75, sp1 (March 3, 2016): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si75-053.1.
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Hidalgo, Hanilyn, Nguyen Hoang Nam, and Nguyen Thi Bich Phuong. "Livelihoods of Mountainous Sites in Vietnam and Philippines: Are They Threatened from Cold Spell and Typhoon?" International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.1.10701.
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ANH, Le Tuan, Hiroshi TAKAGI, and Nguyen Danh THAO. "STORM SURGE AND HIGH WAVES DUE TO 1997 TYPHOON LINDA: UNINVESTIGATED WORST STORM EVENT IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering) 75, no. 2 (2019): I_73—I_78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejoe.75.i_73.
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Takagi, Hiroshi. "Statistics on typhoon landfalls in Vietnam: Can recent increases in economic damage be attributed to storm trends?" Urban Climate 30 (December 2019): 100506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2019.100506.
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Thanh, Tran Duc, Vu Duy Vinh, Dang Hoai Nhon, and Bui Van Vuong. "CÁC GIẢI PHÁP ỔN ĐỊNH CỬA ĐẦM PHÁ VEN BIỂN MIỀN TRUNG VIỆT NAM." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 19, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/19/1/10494.
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Of the 14 inlets belonging to 12 coastal lagoons in the coastal zone of Central Vietnam, the unstable group consists of 4 inlets; the less stable group comprises 4 inlets and the relatively stable group has 6 inlets. For the feasibility and effectiveness, the constructions of stabilizing lagoonal inlets must be multi-purpose and multi-benefit, such as maintenance of ecosystems, opening to the sea for ships and boats, flood drainage and pollution limitation. They need to be combined with other development activities to reduce costs and increase benefits, for example in conjunction with seaports, fishing harbours, typhoon shelters and tourism... Solutions to stabilise the lagoonal inlets consist of 5 groups: Constructing groins for control of inlets; dredging lagoonal inlets and bottom; preventing coastal erosion outside the lagoons; stabilizing the lagoon banks and the surrounding sandy areas; regulating water supplies in the catchments into the lagoons. Depending on the natural conditions and degrees of human impact, the priority solution has been proposed for each lagoonal inlet.
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Terry, James P., Nigel Winspear, and Tran Quoc Cuong. "The ‘terrific Tongking typhoon’ of October 1881 - implications for the Red River Delta (northern Vietnam) in modern times." Weather 67, no. 3 (February 27, 2012): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wea.882.
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Park, Myung-Sook, Hyeong-Seog Kim, Chang-Hoi Ho, Russell L. Elsberry, and Myong-In Lee. "Tropical Cyclone Mekkhala’s (2008) Formation over the South China Sea: Mesoscale, Synoptic-Scale, and Large-Scale Contributions." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 88–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00119.1.
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Abstract Tropical cyclone formation close to the coastline of the Asian continent presents a significant threat to heavily populated coastal countries. A case study of Tropical Storm Mekkhala (2008) that developed off the coast of Vietnam is presented using the high-resolution analyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts/Year of Tropical Convection and multiple satellite observations. The authors have analyzed contributions to the formation from large-scale intraseasonal variability, synoptic perturbations, and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Within a large-scale westerly wind burst (WWB) associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), synoptic perturbations generated by two preceding tropical cyclones initiated the pre-Mekkhala low-level vortex over the Philippine Sea. Typhoon Hagupit produced a synoptic-scale wave train that contributed to the development of Jangmi, but likely suppressed the Mekkhala formation. The low-level vortex of the pre-Mekkhala disturbance was then initiated in a confluent zone between northeasterlies in advance of Typhoon Jangmi and the WWB. A key contribution to the development of Mekkhala was from diurnally varying MCSs that were invigorated in the WWB. The oceanic MCSs, which typically develop off the west coast of the Philippines in the morning and dissipate in the afternoon, were prolonged beyond the regular diurnal cycle. A combination with the MCSs developing downstream of the Philippines led to the critical structure change of the oceanic convective cluster, which implies the critical role of mesoscale processes. Therefore, the diurnally varying mesoscale convective processes over both the ocean and land are shown to have an essential role in the formation of Mekkhala in conjunction with large-scale MJO and the synoptic-scale TC influences.
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Trong, K. Hoang, S. T. Le, A. T. Bui, and H. Q. Pham. "Dynamics of elemental composition in the sediments of Can Gio mangrove Biosphere reserve period of 13 years after Durian typhoon 2006." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1126, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1126/1/012015.
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Abstract Corg levels, Ntot level, and CN ratio are indicators for nitrogen limitation of plants and other organisms in the recovery process of storm-damaged forests. Here we compare between the 2 sections by multifactor-ANOVA analysis sediment characteristics along with the succession of a monoculture of Rhizophora in the South Vietnam with data from from 2007 to 2019 to know the initial state of the sediment after the disturbance and change during the self-recovery of the ecosystem. In the first stage, the Corg levels were much higher, while the Ntot deficiency was a crisis. Due to the presence of tall trees and the recovery process, the growth of nitrogen fixation mediated by attached microalgae on the surface sediments and the microbes living in the rhizosphere. Follow-up assessments and field experiments are needed to understand the sediment characteristics vary during the self-recovery of the ecosystem.
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Moore, Melinda, Anita Chandra, and Kevin C. Feeney. "Building Community Resilience: What Can the United States Learn From Experiences in Other Countries?" Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 7, no. 3 (June 2013): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.15.
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AbstractObjectivesCommunity resilience (CR) is emerging as a major public policy priority within disaster management and is one of two key pillars of the December 2009 US National Health Security Strategy. However, there is no clear agreement on what key elements constitute CR. We examined exemplary practices from international disaster management to validate the elements of CR, as suggested by Homeland Security Presidential Directive 21 (HSPD-21), to potentially identify new elements and to identify practices that could be emulated or adapted to help build CR.MethodsWe extracted detailed information relevant to CR from unpublished case studies we had developed previously, describing exemplary practices from international natural disasters occurring between 1985 and 2005. We then mapped specific practices against the five elements of CR suggested by HSPD-21.ResultsWe identified 49 relevant exemplary practices from 11 natural disasters in 10 countries (earthquakes in Mexico, India, and Iran; volcanic eruption in Philippines; hurricanes in Honduras and Cuba; floods in Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Mozambique; tsunami in Indian Ocean countries; and typhoon in Vietnam). Of these, 35 mapped well against the five elements of CR: community education, community empowerment, practice, social networks, and familiarity with local services; 15 additional practices were related to physical security and economic security. The five HSPD-21 CR elements and two additional ones we identified were closely related to one another; social networks were especially important to CR.ConclusionsWhile each disaster is unique, the elements of CR appear to be broadly applicable across countries and disaster settings. Our descriptive study provides retrospective empirical evidence that helps validate, and adds to, the elements of CR suggested by HSPD-21. It also generates hypotheses about factors contributing to CR that can be tested in future analytic or experimental research. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:292-301)
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Diele, K., D. M. Tran Ngoc, S. J. Geist, F. W. Meyer, Q. H. Pham, U. Saint-Paul, T. Tran, and U. Berger. "Impact of typhoon disturbance on the diversity of key ecosystem engineers in a monoculture mangrove forest plantation, Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam." Global and Planetary Change 110 (November 2013): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.09.003.
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Pham, Nga Thi Thanh, Quang Hong Nguyen, Anh Duc Ngo, Hang Thi Thu Le, and Cong Tien Nguyen. "Investigating the impacts of typhoon-induced floods on the agriculture in the central region of Vietnam by using hydrological models and satellite data." Natural Hazards 92, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3202-6.
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Dong, Gabriella, and Stephanie M. Bergren. "TRAUMA THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE IN AN IMMIGRANT POPULATION." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S937—S938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3409.
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Abstract The majority of studies on traumatic events have focused on either children or younger adults, while traumatic events in older adults have not been sufficiently investigated. Older immigrants encountered a wide range of traumatic events across the life span, before and after immigration, in the origin and host countries. This study aims to provide a descriptive epidemiology of lifetime traumatic events in older Chinese Americans. The data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) in 2017-2019, with a sample size of 3,126. Traumatic events were evaluated by natural disasters, personal and historical events. After examining the lifetime prevalence of natural disasters, we found typhoon (64.46%) has the highest prevalence, followed by earthquake (39.81%) and tornado (7.25%). In terms of personal events, death of a loved one (69.78%) was the most prevalent, followed by robbery (12.57%), physical assault (5.36%), fire (5.29%), divorce (5.16%), cancer (5.10%), falsely accused (2.15%), homeless (1.57%), sexual assault (0.99%), and imprisonment (0.74%). In addition, 18.91% of women experienced abortion and 11.25% of women experienced miscarriage,. With respect to historical events, most participants experienced the Cultural Revolution (73.27%), the Great Leap Forward (62.71%), and famine (60.01%). A small proportion experienced the Japanese invasion of China (27.14%), Tiananmen Square protests (7.86%), and the Vietnam war (4.78%). In our sample, women were more likely than men to encounter traumatic life events. Further studies could examine the influence of cumulative exposure to natural disasters, personal events and historical events on health outcomes of older immigrants.
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Minh, Pham Thi, Bui Thi Tuyet, Tran Thi Thu Thao, and Le Thi Thu Hang. "Application of ensemble Kalman filter in WRF model to forecast rainfall on monsoon onset period in South Vietnam." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 4 (September 18, 2018): 367–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/4/13134.
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This paper presents some results of rainfall forecast in the monsoon onset period in South Vietnam, with the use of ensemble Kalman filter to assimilate observation data into the initial field of the model. The study of rainfall forecasts are experimented at the time of Southern monsoon outbreaks for 3 years (2005, 2008 and 2009), corresponding to 18 cases. In each case, there are five trials, including satellite wind data assimilation, upper-air sounding data assimilation, mixed data (satellite wind+upper-air sounding data) assimilation and two controlled trials (one single predictive test and one multi-physical ensemble prediction), which is equivalent to 85 forecasts for one trial. Based on the statistical evaluation of 36 samples (18 meteorological stations and 18 trials), the results show that Kalman filter assimilates satellite wind data to forecast well rainfall at 48 hours and 72 hours ranges. With 24 hour forecasting period, upper-air sounding data assimilation and mixed data assimilation experiments predicted better rainfall than non-assimilation tests. The results of the assessment based on the phase prediction indicators also show that the ensemble Kalman filter assimilating satellite wind data and mixed data sets improve the rain forecasting capability of the model at 48 hours and 72 hour ranges, while the upper-air sounding data assimilation test produces satisfactory results at the 72 hour forecast range, and the multi-physical ensemble test predicted good rainfall at 24 hour and 48 hour forecasts. The results of this research initially lead to a new research approach, Kalman Filter Application that assimilates the existing observation data into input data of the model that can improve the quality of rainfall forecast in Southern Vietnam and overall country in general.References Bui Minh Tuan, Nguyen Minh Truong, 2013. 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Đức, Trần Thanh. "VULNERABILITY TO FLOODING AND COPING BEHAVIOR FOUND IN HOUSING CONDITION: A CASE STUDY IN VAN QUAT DONG VILLAGE, TAM GIANG LAGOON AREA, CENTRAL VIETNAM." HUJOS - Earth Science and Environment 126, no. 4B (June 2, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/jese.v126i4b.4294.
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<p>Vietnam is a country that is suffered from frequent natural disasters. The most common types of natural disasters experienced are typhoon and flood. From 1951 to 2010, there were 166 typhoons come to Vietnam, of which 67 % hit the central region, 25 % to the north and 8 % to the south of the country. Typhoons bring heavy rains and high tides which accelerate floods, particularly in the coastal and lagoon areas of Central Vietnam. Identification of vulnerability to flooding and coping behavior of local people is required in the efforts to strengthen local capacity related to livelihood security in the study area. This study aims at characterizing the vulnerability of housing condition to flooding and the coping behaviors of local people after experienced big floods in Tam Giang lagoon area, Central Vietnam. Measurement of house’s foundation, observation of types of housing, interview to collect information about the water level during the events of big floods, year of construction and change of people’s behavior after the 1999’s flood were conducted with 427 households in Van Quat Dong village where four big flooding occurred in 1983, 1999, 2007 and 2009 during the last 30 years. The study shows that the 1999’s flood was the biggest flood with water height reached to 148.7 ± 23.9 cmfrom house floor and 222.6 ± 15.4 cmfrom ground level. The households located in the eastern part of the village are recognized more vulnerable to flood due to the lower altitude. The temporary and semi-permanent houses, which share 77.0 % to the entire houses, are considered to be relatively vulnerable to flooding due to weak housing materials and low height of foundation. The houses which categorized to permanent and semi-permanent types constructed after the 1999’s flood have higher foundation than the other houses constructed before the 1999’s flood. The raising of foundation height of permanent and semi-permanent houses, as well as an increase in numbers of two-storey houses, are recognized to be a behavior of local people to cope with flooding. The study also shows the relationship between the poverty level and the coping behaviors of households. Some of poor households in the village are still not in good preparedness to flooding. It suggests that poverty level of household concerns to the vulnerability to flooding and, therefore, rural development assistance to improve household economy for poverty alleviation is required in the efforts to strengthen local capacity related to livelihood security.<strong></strong></p>
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Luu, Linh N., Paolo Scussolini, Sarah Kew, Sjoukje Philip, Mugni Hadi Hariadi, Robert Vautard, Khiem Van Mai, et al. "Attribution of typhoon-induced torrential precipitation in Central Vietnam, October 2020." Climatic Change 169, no. 3-4 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03261-3.
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AbstractIn October 2020, Central Vietnam was struck by heavy rain resulting from a sequence of 5 tropical depressions and typhoons. The immense amount of water led to extensive flooding and landslides that killed more than 200 people, injured more than 500 people, and caused direct damages valued at approximately 1.2 billion USD. Here, we quantify how the intensity of the precipitation leading to such exceptional impacts is attributable to anthropogenic climate change. First, we define the event as the regional maximum of annual maximum 15-day average rainfall (Rx15day). We then analyse the trend in Rx15day over Central Vietnam from the observations and simulations in the PRIMAVERA and CORDEX-CORE ensembles, which pass our evaluation tests, by applying the generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution in which location and scale parameters exponentially covary with increasing global temperatures. Combining these observations and model results, we find that the 2020 event, occurring about once every 80 years (at least 17 years), has not changed in either probability of occurrence (a factor 1.0, ranging from 0.4 to 2.4) or intensity (0%, ranging from −8 to +8%) in the present climate in comparison with early-industrial climate. This implies that the effect of human-induced climate change contributing to this persistent extreme rainfall event is small compared to natural variability. However, given the scale of damage of this hazard, our results underline that more investment in disaster risk reduction for this type of rainfall-induced flood hazard is of importance, even independent of the effect of anthropogenic climate change. Moreover, as both observations and model simulations will be extended with the passage of time, we encourage more climate change impact investigations on the extreme in the future that help adaptation and mitigation plans and raise awareness in the country.
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Le, Mau Dinh, Galina Vlasova, Dung Thi Thuy Nguyen, Hoan Sy Pham, and Tuan Van Nguyen. "Distribution features of the weather conditions in Nha Trang Bay (The South China Sea)." Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, May 19, 2022, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2205/2022es000791.
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Nha Trang Bay is a semi-envelop coastal basin. It is located on the west coast of the South China Sea as well as in the south of the central part of the Vietnamese coast. The climate of the bay belongs to the sub-equatorial zone or to the zone of equatorial-tropical monsoons. Determination of the meteorological characteristics of an ocean region, especially for nearshore bay waters, plays a very important role in the sustainable development of the social-economical system of Vietnam. This paper presents a spatial and temporal long-term analysis of several meteorological characteristics in Nha Trang Bay, such as wind, tropical cyclones, air temperature, air humidity, and rainfall. The meteorological data were collected from the Nha Trang meteorological station during 1977–2015 (wind data until 2020).
The data for typhoons were extracted from the National Weather Service (USA) and the Japan Meteorological Agency during 1945–2015. Statistical methods for collecting and analyzing data to estimate the statistical parameters of meteorological characteristics were used in the study.
A study of results shows that the meteorological characteristics in the Nha Trang Bay are a seasonal variation of the East Asian monsoon (northeastern-NE and southwestern-SW monsoons).
The winds in Nha Trang Bay are the seasonal change, influenced by the NE monsoon from October to April and the SW monsoon from June to August. May and September are the transition periods.
Nha Trang Bay has a temperate tropical climate because the temperature regime of the bay ranges from less than 25°C in the winter and more than 28°C in the summer.
Extreme conditions, including typhoon activity and heavy rainfall (coinciding with high humidity), occurred in October, November, and December.
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Hopkin, Michael. "Vietnam on typhoon alert." Nature, December 1, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/news061127-16.
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Magee, Andrew D., Anthony S. Kiem, and Johnny C. L. Chan. "A new approach for location-specific seasonal outlooks of typhoon and super typhoon frequency across the Western North Pacific region." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (September 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98329-6.
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AbstractWith an average of 26 tropical cyclones (TCs) per year, the western North Pacific (WNP) is the most active TC basin in the world. Considerable exposure lies in the coastal regions of the WNP, which extends from Japan in the north to the Philippines in the south, amplifying TC related impacts, including loss of life and damage to property, infrastructure and environment. This study presents a new location-specific typhoon (TY) and super typhoon (STY) outlook for the WNP basin and subregions, including China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Using multivariate Poisson regression and considering up to five modes of ocean-atmospheric variability and teleconnection patterns that influence WNP TC behaviour, thousands of possible predictor model combinations are compared using an automated variable selection procedure. For each location, skillful TY and STY outlooks are generated up to 6 months before the start of the typhoon season, with rolling monthly updates enabling refinement of predicted TY and STY frequency. This unparalleled lead time allows end-users to make more informed decisions before and during the typhoon season.
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Thuc, Tran, Tran Thanh Thuy, and Huynh Thi Lan Huong. "Multi-hazard risk assessment of typhoon, typhoon-rainfall and post-typhoon-rainfall in the Mid-Central Coastal region of Vietnam." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, June 1, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-12-2021-0159.
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Purpose This paper aims to develop a multi-hazard risk assessment method based on probability theory and a set of economic, social and environmental indicators, which considers the increase in hazards when they occur concurrently or consecutively. Design/methodology/approach Disaster risk assessment generally considers the impact and vulnerability of a single hazard to the affected location/object without considering the combination of multiple hazards occurring concurrently or consecutively. However, disasters are often closely related, occurring in combination or at the same time. Probability theory was used to assess multi-hazard, and a matrix method was used to assess the interaction of hazard vulnerabilities. Findings The results of the case study for the Mid-Central Coastal Region show that the proportions of districts at a very high class of multi-hazard, multi-vulnerabilities and multi-hazard risk are 81%, 89% and 82%, respectively. Multi-hazard risk level tends to decrease from North to South and from East to West. A total of 100% of coastal districts are at high to very high multi-hazard risk classes. The research results could assist in the development of disaster risk reduction programs towards sustainable development and support the management to reduce risks caused by multi-hazard. Originality/value The multi-risk assessment method developed in this study is based on published literature, allowing to compare quantitatively multiple risk caused by multi-hazard occurring concurrently or consecutively, in which, a relative increase in hazard and vulnerability is considered. The method includes the assessment of three components of disaster risk including multi-hazard, exposure and multi-vulnerability. Probability and Copula theories were used to assess multi-hazard, and a matrix method was used to assess the interaction intensity of multi-vulnerabilities in the system.