Academic literature on the topic 'Typhoons Vietnam'
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Journal articles on the topic "Typhoons Vietnam"
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T. Cao Duy, C. Nguyen Xuan, M. Nguyen Dai, H. Nguyen Huu, and C. Bui Tat. "Typhoons and technical solutions recommended for existing and new houses in the cyclonic regions in Vietnam." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.762.
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Typhoons are considered as the most destructive natural disaster in Vietnam. Typhoons that have the intensity scale greater than 10 or 11 (Beaufort scale) cause sever damages to houses and buildings on their paths. Typhoons associated with inundation can also create short- and long-term damages to national socio-economy and have negative impacts on the country’s economic development. The typhoon affected area can be from hundreds to thousands of kilometres depending on the landfall of the typhoon. In Vietnam, the typhoon season is normally from June to October (occasionally to November or December), and is the most intense in September and October. This paper hence provides the information on typhoons in Vietnam. The paper also introduces the technical solutions recommended for existing and new houses located in the tropical cyclonic areas. The technical solutions presented in this paper are based on the Vietnamese traditional constructions, the results of the research projects conducted by IBST and other Vietnamese institutions as well as the international construction experiences regarding to natural disasters prevention and mitigations.
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Lap, Tran Quoc. "Researching the Variation of Typhoon Intensities Under Climate Change in Vietnam: A Case Study of Typhoon Lekima, 2007." Hydrology 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6020051.
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Most of the typhoons that impact coastal regions of Vietnam occur from the north to the central part, between June and November. As a result of global warming, typhoon intensities are expected to increase. Therefore, an assessment of various typhoon strengths is essential. In this study, Typhoon Lekima, which hit Vietnam in 2007, was simulated by weather research and forecast models, using ensemble simulation methodology. Reproductive results of the typhoon intensity are similar to actual estimated values from the Japan Meteorological Agency. Also, the variation of typhoon intensities and heavy rainfall in future climate scenarios was investigated using numerical simulations based on pseudo global warming conditions, constructed using fifth-phase results of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project multi-model global warming experiments. Simulation results of five Pseudo Global Warming (PGW_FF) models indicate that intensities of the typhoon will be magnified in future climate. The minimum sea level pressure of typhoons similar to Typhoon Lekima in the future will increase from 8 hPa to 9 hPa, and the spatial distribution of maximum wind speed and tracked direction will move towards the southern regions. Total precipitation will significantly increase for a maximum of six hours, and the spatial distribution of heavy rain caused by typhoons will shift from the north to the southwest of Vietnam. In the future, simulated results showed that global warming correlates strongly with a significant increase in typhoon intensity and heavy rain.
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Anh, L. T., D. D. T. Trang, N. D. Thao, and N. Kiet. "Application of Delft3D-WAVE in the investigation of the typhoon-induced high wave in Central Vietnam." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1091, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1091/1/012024.
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With a long coastline of around 3260 km, tropical typhoons induce the deadliest disasters in Central Vietnam’s highly populated coastal area. The focus of this paper is two-fold. The first objective is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing Delft3D-WAVE in forecasting typhoon-induced high wave events in Central Vietnam. By running a WRF model simultaneously in multiple domains with different grid resolutions, wind field distribution data during typhoon events were reproduced. Using the generated wind field data, typhoon Kaemi (2000) was employed as the case study to calibrate and validate the wave models. Comparisons between simulated results and observed data showed a good agreement, especially during peak wave height. The combined wind-wave model was applied to estimate the temporal and spatial impacts of high waves caused by the typhoon Ketsana (2009). The second objective is to assess the potetial risk from typhoon-induced wave in Central Vietnam based on the models output. From these results, this study recommends the application of Delft3D-WAVE to investigate high waves induced by typhoon events in Vietnam’s coastal areas.
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Thuy, Nguyen Ba. "The risk of typhoon and storm surge along the coast of Vietnam." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 19, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/19/3/13899.
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The history (1951–2016) and the risk of typhoon and storm surge in coastal areas of Vietnam are analyzed and evaluated based on the observation data, results of statistical and numerical models. The Monte Carlo method was used to construct a bogus typhoon. A coupled numerical model of Surge, Wave and Tide (called SuWAT) was used for simulation of storm surge. The results show that in the period of 1951–2016 there were many typhoons which landed and induced high storm surge on the coast of the North and the North of Center of Vietnam. During one thousand years, there have been 4,678 typhoons entering the coastal zone from Quang Ninh to Ca Mau. In particular, the most severe typhoon in coastal area from Quang Ninh to Thanh Hoa is at level 16 (Beaufort scale), Nghe An - Quang Tri at level 16, Quang Binh - Phu Yen at level 17, Binh Dinh - Ninh Thuan at level 15 and Binh Thuan - Ca Mau at level 13. The coastal areas with highly vulnerable storm surge are provinces from Quang Ninh to Hai Phong (4.5 m), Thanh Hoa to Nghe An (4.0 m), Quang Tri (5.0 m). The results of this study are the basis for the preparation to cope with strong/super typhoon in the coast of Vietnam.
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Pham Tien, Dat, Huan Nguyen Minh, and Anh Nguyen Phuong. "Numerical modeling and validating waves generated by typhoons in the East Vietnam Sea using satellite data." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Biển 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/16408.
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Calculating waves generated by typhoons is one of the most important tasks for wave forecasting at a stormy region like the East Vietnam Sea. It is, however, difficult to access the accuracy of calculated wave heights due to the lack of observed data. An approach of combining numerical models and satellite data has been widely used. In this study, we used the WAVEWATCH III model to stimulate wave fields caused by three strong typhoons: Damrey (2005), Ketsana (2009) and Haiyan (2013), then compared significant wave heights with the merged satellite observations. The results show that the BIAS values are small and negative, indicating that the wave heights from the model are lower than those from satellites in all cases. In contrast, the RMSE values of the three cases are considerably different but are still below 1 m. Finally, the average correlation coefficient is highest in typhoon Damrey (r = 0.94) whereas in typhoon Ketsana and Haiyan, r = 0.84 and r = 0.87, respectively. In conclusion, the study suggests that the WAVEWATCH III model has good performance for typhoon wave calculations and can be useful for wave forecasting in the East Vietnam Sea.
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Sang, Le Thanh, Artem S. Lukyanets, and Farzona M. Garibova. "GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: TRENDS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR VIETNAM." Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, no. 6 (2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2021-6-02.
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The modern scientific theory of global climate change has been developing for several decades, tens of thousands of scientific articles have been published. Climate change and its impacts are already visible in many parts of the world, and coastal areas are highly vulnerable to these changes. The Vietnamese government has foreseen the impact of climate change and has already taken various measures to control the impact of coastal hazards. However, with 3,200 km of coastline, Vietnam still suffers severely from damage caused by floods, erosion and typhoons each year. In addition, most of Vietnam's coastal areas are below 1 m in height, making them particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and associated sea level rise. This article is devoted to the description of the consequences of climate change for Vietnam and analyzes their impact on the socio — economic and demographic situation of the country. The analysis of Vietnam's National Climate Change Strategy for the period 2011-2020 is presented. The study found that Vietnam faces potentially significant social and economic impacts in many regions and sectors. Without effective adaptation and disaster risk reduction efforts, multidimensional poverty and inequality are likely to increase.
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Takagi, Hiroshi, and Wenjie Wu. "Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the western North Pacific." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2016): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-705-2016.
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Abstract. Even though the maximum wind radius (Rmax) is an important parameter in determining the intensity and size of tropical cyclones, it has been overlooked in previous storm surge studies. This study reviews the existing estimation methods for Rmax based on central pressure or maximum wind speed. These over- or underestimate Rmax because of substantial variations in the data, although an average radius can be estimated with moderate accuracy. As an alternative, we propose an Rmax estimation method based on the radius of the 50 kt wind (R50). Data obtained by a meteorological station network in the Japanese archipelago during the passage of strong typhoons, together with the JMA typhoon best track data for 1990–2013, enabled us to derive the following simple equation, Rmax = 0.23 R50. Application to a recent strong typhoon, the 2015 Typhoon Goni, confirms that the equation provides a good estimation of Rmax, particularly when the central pressure became considerably low. Although this new method substantially improves the estimation of Rmax compared to the existing models, estimation errors are unavoidable because of fundamental uncertainties regarding the typhoon's structure or insufficient number of available typhoon data. In fact, a numerical simulation for the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan as well as 2015 Typhoon Goni demonstrates a substantial difference in the storm surge height for different Rmax. Therefore, the variability of Rmax should be taken into account in storm surge simulations (e.g., Rmax = 0.15 R50–0.35 R50), independently of the model used, to minimize the risk of over- or underestimating storm surges. The proposed method is expected to increase the predictability of major storm surges and to contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in the western North Pacific, including countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Vietnam.
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Trinh, Tam Thi, Charitha Pattiaratchi, and Toan Bui. "The Contribution of Forerunner to Storm Surges along the Vietnam Coast." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070508.
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Vietnam, located in the tropical region of the northwest Pacific Ocean, is frequently impacted by tropical storms. Occurrence of extreme water level events associated with tropical storms are often unpredicted and put coastal infrastructure and safety of coastal populations at risk. Hence, an improved understanding of the nature of storm surges and their components along the Vietnam coast is required. For example, a higher than expected extreme storm surge during Typhoon Kalmegi (2014) highlighted the lack of understanding on the characteristics of storm surges in Vietnam. Physical processes that influence the non-tidal water level associated with tropical storms can persist for up to 14 days, beginning 3–4 days prior to storm landfall and cease up to 10 days after the landfall of the typhoon. This includes the forerunner, ‘direct’ storm surge, and coastally trapped waves. This study used a continuous record of six sea level time series collected over a 5-year period (2013–2017) from along the Vietnam coast and Hong Kong to examine the contribution of the forerunner to non-tidal water level. The forerunner is defined as the gradual increase in mean water level, 2–3 days prior to typhoon landfall and generated by shore parallel winds and currents that result in a mean higher water level at the coast. Results indicated that a forerunner was generated by almost all typhoons, at least at one station, with a range between 20 and 50 cm. The forerunner contributed up to 50% of the water level change due to the storm. Combination of forerunner and onshore winds generated storm surges that were much higher (to 70 cm). It was also found that the characteristics of the typhoon (e.g., path, speed, severity and size) significantly influenced the generation of the forerunner. It is recommended that the forerunner that is not currently well defined in predictive models should be included in storm surge forecasts.
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Takagi, H., and W. Wu. "Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the Western North Pacific." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 10 (October 27, 2015): 6431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-6431-2015.
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Abstract. Even though the maximum wind radius (Rmax) is an important parameter in determining the intensity and size of tropical cyclones, it has been overlooked in previous storm surge studies. This research reviewed the existing estimation methods of Rmax based on the central pressure or maximum wind speed. These over or underestimated Rmax because of the substantial variety of the data, though an average radius could be moderately estimated. Alternatively, we proposed an Rmax estimation method based on the radius of the 50 knot wind (R50). The data obtained during the passage of strong typhoons by a meteorological station network in the Japanese archipelago enabled us to derive the following formula, Rmax = 0.23R50. Although this new method substantially improved the estimation of Rmax compared to the existing models, an estimation error was unavoidable because of fundamental uncertainties regarding the typhoon's structure or insufficient number of available typhoon data. In fact, a numerical simulation from 2013 Typhoon Haiyan demonstrated a substantial difference in the storm surge height for different Rmax. Therefore, the variability of Rmax should be taken into account in storm surge simulations, independently of the model used, to minimize the risk of over or underestimation of storm surges. The proposed method is expected to increase the reliability of storm surge prediction and contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in the Western North Pacific, including countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, Philippines, and Vietnam.
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Huong, Chu Thi Thu, Tran Dinh Linh, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, and Nguyen Binh Phong. "Changes of the temperature field during storms and Effects of Cold Air on Structure of Thermal Fields in Typhoons – Case in China and Vietnam Sea." International Journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research 6, no. 6 (2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.6.6.5.
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This study goal is to explore Changes of the temperature field during storms and Effects of Cold Air on Structure of Thermal Fields in Typhoons. Typhoons are a kind of tropical cyclone that often occur on tropical or subtropical sea surfaces where the sea surface temperature is higher than 26.5 ◦C (HU et al, 2000). The results show that When affected by cold air, the hot core structure in the storm is broken. Temperature tends to increase gradually from west to east and from north to south. Temperatures in the northern and western regions were still lower than in the center of the storm, but in the eastern and southern areas of the center of the storm, the temperature was higher than in the center of the storm. Near the surface, below 800hPa, the temperature of the center of the storm is also lower than the average temperature of the areas around the center of the storm (except for typhoon Kammuri). The decrease in temperature in the lower central region and areas north and west of the center of the storm is due to the intrusion of the CA. This result demonstrates the role of cold air to the structure of the temperature field in the storm. However, further explanations are needed for the distribution of the maximum hot cores in the center of the storm.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Typhoons Vietnam"
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Bui, Uy Ngoc. "After the storm : natural disasters and development in Vietnam /." Bergen : Department of Social Anthropology, University of Bergen, 2008. https://bora.uib.no/bitstream/1956/3014/1/47689501.pdf.
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Duong, Hai Thuan. "Observation of monsoon and typhoon-driven hydro-morphodynamics at a tropical low-tide terraced beach : a case study at Nha Trang, Vietnam." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30361.
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La majeure partie des côtes du Vietnam s'érode actuellement, un déséquilibre dans le bilan sédimentaire qui peut être causé par la surexploitation des sédiments fluviaux pour la construction, l'affaissement associé à la surexploitation des eaux souterraines, la surexploitation de la zone côtière, et peut-être aussi par une augmentation observée des typhons et de la mousson d'hiver. L'évaluation du bilan sédimentaire est nécessaire et nécessite une évaluation précise du transport des sédiments dans l'environnement côtier. Dans mon étude de doctorat, j'utilise deux systèmes de caméras à courte portée pour la surveillance des eaux littorales : une caméra terrestre pour l'observation de l'hydro-morphodynamique côtière à court, moyen et long terme et un drone pour la surveillance des événements à court terme. J'ai utilisé un système de caméra installé sur la plage de Nha Trang, au Viet Nam, du 05/2013 au 08/2016. Certains résultats sur les changements saisonniers et à court terme du littoral ont été analysés et publiés. Les profils transversaux, les positions du rivage et les caractéristiques des vagues (hauteur et période) extraits des données vidéo ont été étalonnés à l'aide de mesures in situ provenant de deux expériences sur le terrain et de mesures bathymétriques effectuées pendant le typhon de Haiyan. L'étude montre une évolution saisonnière marquée du littoral de Nha Trang. L'impact des typhons de catégorie 5 Nari et Haiyan sur le littoral est également dramatique avec des changements de 4 à 8 m dans chaque cas. Cependant, la reprise aux événements individuels est rapide. Nous avons également comparé l'effet des moussons d'hiver avec celui des tempêtes. Nos observations vidéo continues montrent pour la première fois que les épisodes de mousson de longue durée ont un impact plus persistant (phase de récupération de la plage plus longue) que les typhons. À l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre riverain, nous estimons que c'est l'enveloppe des événements intrasaisonniers plutôt que la moyenne mensuelle des vagues qui détermine le comportement saisonnier du rivage. Enfin, l'étude suggère que l'interaction entre l'intensité et la durée des événements intrasaisonniers peut être d'une importance capitale. [...]Most of the coast of Vietnam is currently eroding, an imbalance in the sediment budget that may be caused by overuse of river sediments for construction, subsidence associated with overuse of groundwater, over-exploitation of the littoral zone (coastal squeeze), and possibly by an increase in typhoon frequency and winter monsoon events. Assessment of sediment budget is needed and requires accurate evaluation of sediment transport in the coastal environment. In my PhD study, I use two close-range camera systems for nearshore monitoring: a land-based nearshore camera system for observing short-, medium- and long-term coastal hydro-morphodynamics and a drone for monitoring short-term events. Specifically, I used a camera system installed in Nha Trang beach, Viet Nam, from 05/2013 to 08/2016. The cross-shore profiles, shoreline positions and wave characteristics (height and period) extracted from the video data are calibrated with in-situ measurement from two field experiments during the Haiyan typhoon event. Then, the results on short-term and seasonal shoreline changes are analyzed -- and published. The study shows a marked seasonal evolution of Nha Trang shoreline and dramatic impact of cat-5 typhoons Nari and Haiyan with changes of 4 to 8 m in each case. However, the recovery to individual events is fast, as opposed to the effect of winter monsoon events. Our continuous video observations show for the first time that long-lasting monsoon events have more persistent impact (longer beach recovery phase) than typhoons. Using a shoreline equilibrium model, we estimate that the envelope of intra-seasonal events rather than monthly-averaged waves drives the seasonal shoreline behavior. Finally, the shoreline study suggests that the interplay between intensity and duration of intra-seasonal events may be of key significance. In the second part of this PhD study, a video-based bathymetry inversion technique is applied to long-term data with varying wave environment from swell to wind wave conditions.[...]
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My, Vu Thi Tra, and 武氏茶眉. "Social Construction of Typhoon Rammasun in Vietnam Online News." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67191263838585619716.
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碩士中國文化大學
新聞學系
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Vietnam is a tropical country with a long history of suffering from powerful tropical storms, super typhoons almost every year. The preparedness, aftermath and response toward this kind of natural disaster have become the main concerns of not only Vietnam itself, but also other countries in the period of disaster. The news coverage of disaster has strong influences on people’s perception of disaster and furthermore, on the response of relief activities from individuals, organizations and officials. With different culture backgrounds, media systems, different kinds of events, the way disaster myths appear and result in influences is not the same. Particularly, in comparison Western countries, where disaster myths research has quite long history and already gained prominent achievement, Vietnam media system is considerably different. In addition, current studies of disaster myths often focus on traditional media, particularly print media. However, nowadays, online newspapers are the main medium for information, especially in disaster periods with a strong demand for constant updates. This research aims at analyzing English articles from the biggest online newspapers in Vietnam that have English version, which report the typhoon named Rammasun that lashed Vietnam in 2014, to examine the social construction of this disaster in Vietnam online newspapers’ reports. The research used discourse analysis with Fowler’s (1991) linguistic analytical tools to answer the research questions. By analyzing the headlines and the body text, it is found that the authority frame is a prominent feature of Vietnam online newspapers’ report of Rammasun. Although the news coverage in this case study features certain kinds disaster myths, such as the evacuation myth and the devastating image of the stricken-area; less positive images of the government and the society are posted at a considerably modest frequency. The media pays enormous attention to the preparation stage and the authorities’ response, to emphasize the active stance of the nation, the positive role and control status of the authorities, while the depiction of local people are mentioned in the news report at a relatively low frequency. These features have connections with the Vietnam media environment, which can be explained by Siebert’s (1956) Four theories of the Press model.
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Monk, Paul M. "Civilization and the typhoon : America, land reform and "irrational revolution" in the Philippines, Vietnam and El Salvador 1950-1984." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/114556.
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In December 1918, en route to the Versailles Conference, President Woodrow Wilson of the United
States remarked to his private secretary, Colonel Edward House, that that Conference must not become
"another Congress of Vienna". He feared, he said, that "civilization" would be swamped by a tidal wave
of ultra-radical revolution, unless such revolution was pre-empted by liberal and progressive leadership
by the statesmen of the West. Alluding to the upheavals then already taking place in China, Mexico and
Russia, he declared "civilization must be more liberal than ever, it must even be radical, if civilization is
to escape the typhoon". Both the theme and the title of this dissertation are taken from this observation
by the American President in the wake of the First World War.
Woodrow Wilson believed that the tumults in China, Mexico and Russia in the 1910's were
"irrational" revolutions, but he had grave doubts as to the moral and political possibilities for "counterrevolution".
This ambivalence and anxiety was not peculiar to Woodrow Wilson. It has exercised liberal
and even conservative statesmen, both in the West and elsewhere, ever since the French Revolution. In
the era of the Cold War, it has especially characterized American democratic self-consciousness. This
dissertation is an effort to explore American discourse in that era, in particular, concerning mediation
between "irrational revolution" and "counter-revolution". After setting the terms of debate in the context
of the debates over the great eighteenth century revolutions and the problem of "totalitarian" revolution
in the twentieth century, the dissertation narrows its focus to concentrate on American responses to the
prospect of radical revolution in the Cold War era.
Books on the topic "Typhoons Vietnam"
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2017 Vietnam Post-Typhoon Damrey Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/34667.
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Vietnam. Bộ thủy lợi. Vụ tài chính ké̂ toán - thó̂ng kê. and Vietnam. Tỏ̂ng cục thó̂ng kê. Vụ tỏ̂ng hợp., eds. Phòng chó̂ng lụt bão ở Việt Nam 1890-1990 =: Flood and typhoon control in Vietnam 1890-1990. Hà Nội: Thé̂ giới, 1994.
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Curtis, Robert. The Typhoon Truce, 1970: Three Days in Vietnam when Nature Intervened in the War. Casemate, 2015.
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Curtis, Robert F. Typhoon Truce 1970: Three Days in Vietnam When Nature Intervened in the War. Casemate Publishers (Ignition), 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Typhoons Vietnam"
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Norton, John. "10. Key Principles for Strengthening Buildings Against Typhoons: Training and Promotion of Preventive Action in Central Vietnam." In Developing Building for Safety Programmes, 135–47. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780444758.010.
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Tran, Thanh-Nhan-Duc, Quang Binh Nguyen, Trung Tri Nguyen, Ngoc Duong Vo, Cong Phong Nguyen, and Philippe Gourbesville. "Operational Methodology for the Assessment of Typhoon Waves Characteristics. Application to Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam." In Advances in Hydroinformatics, 887–902. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1600-7_55.
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Larson, Magnus, Nguyen Manh Hung, Hans Hanson, Annika Sundström, and Emma Södervall. "Impacts of Typhoons on the Vietnamese Coastline." In Coastal Disasters and Climate Change in Vietnam, 17–42. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800007-6.00002-2.
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Viet, Nguyen van, and Vijendra K. Boken. "Agricultural Drought in Vietnam." In Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162349.003.0038.
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Vietnam is located between 8°22'N and 23°22'N latitude and between 102°10'E and 109°21'E longtitude. The country has a geographical area > 333,000 km2 and a coastline > 3000 km long. Vietnam is situated in the typhoon center of the East Sea (Bien Dong), which is one of the five largest typhoon centers of the world, and it has a complicated topography ranging from narrow, low plains to steep, high mountains. Floods occur with high frequency, and drought occurs with medium frequency in Vietnam. If monthly rainfall is less than 50 mm, drought is considered to have occurred during the month. The climate of Vietnam is strongly influenced by mountainous terrain and by the northeast and southeast monsoons. The rainfall season, which usually begins in May–June and ends in November–December, accounts for about 75–85% of the total annual rainfall. The period from November– December to April–May is usually dry and is prone to droughts. Vietnam has been divided into seven agricultural regions: (1) north mountain and midland region, (2) northern delta region (Red River delta), (3) north-central region, (4) south-central region, (5) central highland region (Taynguyen platour), (6) southeast region, and (7) southern delta region (Mekong River delta). The rainfall distribution is uneven due to complex terrain conditions. While some places (in the north mountain, central, and central highland regions) receive 3000–4000 mm of rainfall annually, other places (such as Phanthiet and Phanrang of the south-central region) receive only 750–800 mm in a year. Rice and maize are the major crops in Vietnam, whose regional distributions are given in table 27.1. Table 27.2 shows rice area lost due to droughts during 1980–99 in different regions of Vietnam. The north mountain and midland region is not prone to droughts. Only moderate droughts occur at some places in this region. Droughts rarely occur for consecutive years, except the droughts that occurred during the summer season of 1988 and 1989. The northeast part of this region is more prone to drought than the rest of the region.
Reports on the topic "Typhoons Vietnam"
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Nguyen, Anh. Bracing for Typhoons: An Initial Study of Typhoon Resilient Single-family Houses along the Central Coast of Vietnam. Portland State University Library, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.181.
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