Relevant bibliographies by topics / Typewritten Documents

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Typewritten Documents'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 February 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Typewritten Documents"

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Fatima, Fatima. "Forensics Analysis of Typewriter and Typewritten Documents." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 3, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2019.030340.

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This article reviews the forensic examination of the typewriter and typewritten documents. The main purpose of examination is to identify the source or origin of the typewritten documents or the link between two typescripts that can be vital to a court of law. Immense application of the typewriter increased the production of fraudulent documents for deceit. Typewritten documents are examined using scientific methods based on class and individual characteristics. These are physical and chemical methods of observation and comparison.
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Fatima, Fatima. "Forensics Analysis of Typewriter and Typewritten Documents." International Journal for Electronic Crime Investigation 3, no. 3 (September 6, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ijeci.2020.030340.

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This article reviews the forensic examination of the typewriter and typewritten documents. The main purpose of examination is to identify the source or origin of the typewritten documents or the link between two typescripts that can be vital to a court of law. Immense application of the typewriter increased the production of fraudulent documents for deceit. Typewritten documents are examined using scientific methods based on class and individual characteristics. These are physical and chemical methods of observation and comparison.
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Warias, C. "A Case Report Associating A Correctable Typewriter Film Ribbon With Questioned Typewritten Documents." Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal 29, no. 2 (January 1996): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085030.1996.10757053.

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Stančić, Hrvoje, and Željko Trbušić. "Optimisation of archival processes involving digitisation of typewritten documents." Aslib Journal of Information Management 72, no. 4 (July 16, 2020): 545–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-11-2019-0326.

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PurposeThe authors investigate optical character recognition (OCR) technology and discuss its implementation in the context of digitisation of archival materials.Design/methodology/approachThe typewritten transcripts of the Croatian Writers' Society from the mid-60s of the 20th century are used as the test data. The optimal digitisation setup is investigated in order to obtain the best OCR results. This was done by using the sample of 123 pages digitised at different resolution settings and binarisation levels.FindingsA series of tests showed that different settings produce significantly different results. The best OCR accuracy achieved at the test sample of the typewritten documents was 95.02%. The results show that the resolution is significantly more important than binarisation pre-processing procedure for achieving better OCR results.Originality/valueBased on the research results, the authors give recommendations for achieving optimal digitisation process setup with the aim of increasing the quality of OCR results. Finally, the authors put the research results in the context of digitisation of cultural heritage in general and discuss further investigation possibilities.
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Weeraratna, Thanuja. "Application of Ink Chemistry to Unveil Document Forgeries." International Journal of Forensic Sciences 9, no. 3 (2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000408.

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The Examination of Questioned Documents (EQD) Laboratory in Sri Lanka is the sole institution authorized to issue case reports to courts of law and other law enforcement agencies. The EQD lab handles a wide range of cases involving questioned documents, including handwriting and signature analysis, counterfeit documents, typewritten documents, charred documents, and questioned rubber stamp impressions, among others. Questioned document cases often involve alterations, additions, and obliterations made with visually similar inks. Although these inks may appear alike, they can be distinguished due to differences in their chemical composition. The non-destructive physical examination of inks on documents typically involves microscopic examination under visible light, followed by analysis using other selective spectral regions, such as ultraviolet and infrared, available in the VSC 8000 (Foster+Freeman, UK). Writing inks with different chemical compounds react differently to various light sources, making this variation valuable for identifying forgeries in questioned documents.
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A.Desai, Apurva. "Segmentation of Characters from Old Typewritten Documents using Radon Transform." International Journal of Computer Applications 37, no. 9 (January 28, 2012): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/4635-6683.

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Rubinchik, Olga E. "“Please, Help Me in My Great Sorrow”. Concerning Akhmatova’s Efforts to Free Her Son (New Details) Article one." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 3 (2023): 90–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2713-3133-2023-3-90-143.

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This paper is about Anna Akhmatova’s attempts to free her son after his arrest in 1949. There has been a lot of literature on the subject, especially by the literary scholar, Emma Gerstein, who took a dedicated part in Akhmatova’s efforts. This paper makes a number of unpublished material from 1954–1956 from Gerstein’s archive at the Russian State Library (fond 641). First of all, these are letters of petition from Akhmatova to writers, prominent literary and party functionaries Mikhail Sholokhov (two: an authorized typewritten draft and Akhmatova’s autograph) and Aleksandr Fadeev (one: a typewritten draft with amendments by Gerstein). There is also a handwritten letter of acknowledgement from Akhmatova to Gerstein and a text called by Emma Grigorievna “Explanations by E.G. Gerstein to A.A. Akhmatova’s letters addressed to M.A. Sholokhov and A.A. Fadeev and to some other documents on the case of her son”. “Some other documents” are the petitions for Gumilev mentioned by Gerstein in the press but not published by her, written by major scholars: two by the orientalist, Vasily Struve, one each by archaeologists Aleksei Okladnikov and Mikhail Artamonov. Three petitions have been published, one has not yet been published and will be published here for the first time, together with other unknown materials. Among the new materials there is also a letter from Akhmatova to the poet and venerable literary functionary figure Aleksei Surkov, not from the Gerstein archive, although thematically related to the rest of them. The paper consists of two parts (articles). The first part includes Akhmatova’s letters to Sholokhov and petitions from scholars, typewritten copies of which are appended to the second letter. The petitions are descriptions of Lev Gumilev, “a very valuable specialist” and “an honest Soviet man” (Struve), and contain requests for an expedited review of his case and to return “the outstanding researcher of Central and Middle Asian peoples’ history” “to a real life in science” (Okladnikov). The second article, which will appear in the next issue, includes Akhmatova’s letters to Fadeev and Surkov. The publication of the letters is accompanied by Gerstein’s “Explanations” and an extensive commentary.
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Smida, Matej. "Možnosti automatickej transkripcie v platforme Transkribus na príklade správ o vybavovaní sťažností občanov v období komunistickej diktatúry." Acta historica Neosoliensia 26, no. 1 (October 4, 2023): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/ahn.2023.26.01.125-148.

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This thesis discusses the basic options of work in an application Transkribus, about its benefits, pitfalls and innovations that we presented in the selected sample of archival documents with the topic of citizen complaints during the governance of the Communist party in Czechoslovakia in the 1948-1989. Gradually we have documented the process of working with historical sources in Transkribus, preparation, transcription and the results. Because we focused on typewritten documents only, we compared the results with other ways and options of transcription, we evaluated their usability, which leads to interesting conclusions and results. The thesis is also supported by statistical indicators and pictorial schedules on the basis of which we have did specific conclusions. In the thesis we also present the issue of citizen complaints as a topic of historical research.
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Ofer, Yosef. "Rabbi Herzog, S. Y. Agnon, and the Prayer for the Welfare of the State of Israel." Iyunim Multidisciplinary Studies in Israeli and Modern Jewish Society 38 (December 31, 2022): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51854/bguy-38a149.

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The Prayer for the Peace of the State of Israel, recited in synagogues in Israel and in Jewish communities around the world, was formulated in 1948 by Chief Rabbis Isaac Herzog and Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel with the participation of the author S.Y. Agnon. For years there has been a debate about Agnon's role in creating the prayer, but only some of the documents related to this matter were available to the scholars. The article discusses a hitherto unexplored typewritten page claimed to be the draft Rabbi Herzog sent to S.Y. Agnon, as a proposal for the composition of the prayer. A comparison of this document with the prayer in Agnon's handwriting makes it possible to determine precisely where Agnon’s contribution lies. The position I express in the article disputes that of Joel Rappel in his book Between Prayer and Politics (Hebrew, 2018).
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Кюрегян, Т. С. "Yuri Nikolaevich Tyulin about Musicians and Musicology (Interview with Yu. N. Kholopov of 1 February 1968)." Журнал Общества теории музыки, no. 1(25) (April 1, 2019): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26176/otmroo.2019.25.1.002.

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Вниманию читателя предлагается первая публикация состоявшейся в 1968 году беседы двух выдающихся отечественных музыковедов — Ю. Н. Тюлина и Ю. Н. Холопова. Материал подготовлен к печати Т. С. Кюрегян на основе машинописных документов из личного архива Ю. Н. Холопова, а также дополнен предисловием и комментариями. Readers are invited to the first publication of the conversation of two prominent Russian musicologists Yu. N. Tyulin and Yu. N. Kholopov which took place in 1968. The material is prepared for publication by T. S. Kyuregyan on the basis of typewritten documents from the personal archive of Yu. N. Kholopov, and supplemented with introduction and commentaries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Typewritten Documents"

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Castilla, Celia Casado. "Flexible text recovery and recognition from degraded historical typewritten documents." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442003.

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Chiffoleau, Floriane. "Understanding the automatic text recognition process : model training, ground truth and prediction errors." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Le Mans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LEMA3002.

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Cette thèse travaille à identifier ce qu’un modèle de reconnaissance de texte apprend pendant son entraînement, à travers l’examen du contenu de ses vérités de terrain et de ses erreurs de prédiction. L’intention principale ici est d’améliorer les connaissances sur le fonctionnement d’un réseau de neurones, avec des expériences focalisées sur des documents tapuscrits. Les méthodes utilisées se sont concentrées surtout sur l’exploration approfondie des données d’entraînement, l’observation des erreurs de prédiction des modèles et la corrélation entre les deux. Une première hypothèse, basée sur l’influence du lexique, fut non concluante. Cependant, cela a dirigé les observations vers un nouveau niveau d’étude, s’appuyant sur un niveau infralexical : les n-grammes. La distribution de ceux des données d’entraînement a été analysée et subséquemment, comparée à celle des n-grammes récupérés dans les erreurs de prédiction. Des résultats prometteurs ont conduit à une exploration approfondie, tout en passant d’un modèle de langue unique à un modèle multilingue. Des résultats concluants m’ont permis de déduire que les n-grammes pourraient effectivement être une réponse valide aux performances de reconnaissance
This thesis works on identifying what a text recognition model can learn during its training, through the examination of its ground truth’s content, and its prediction’s errors. The main intent here is to improve the knowledge of how a neural network operates, with experiments focused on typewritten documents. The methods used mostly concentrated on the thorough exploration of the training data, the observation of the model’s prediction’s errors, and the correlation between both. A first hypothesis, based on the influence of the lexicon, was inconclusive. However, it steered the observation towards a new level of study, relying on an infralexical level: the n-grams. Their training data’s distribution was analysed and subsequently compared to that of the n-grams retrieved from the prediction errors. Promising results lead to further exploration, while upgrading from single-language to multilingual model. Conclusive results enabled me to infer that the n-grams might indeed be a valid answer to recognition’s performances
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Books on the topic "Typewritten Documents"

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Oldenburg, Claes. Raw notes: Documents and scripts of the performances: Stars, Moveyhouse, Massage, The typewriter. 2nd ed. Halifax, N.S: Press of the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, 2005.

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Pessoa, Fernando. The Fernando Pessoa Auction: Handwritten and typewritten manuscripts, books, art and literary magazines, photographs and other personal items from his estate = Leilão Fernando Pessoa : manuscritos, documentos dactilografados, livros, revistas de arte e literárias, fotografias e outros objectos do seu espólio. Lisbon?]: P4LiveAuctions, 2008.

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Barlow, Aaron, ed. Doughboys on the Western Front. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400642326.

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Covering the daily lives of American soldiers from their training through their arrival in France and participation in the final battles of the war, this book offers a breadth of perspectives on the experiences of doughboys in the First World War via primary documents of the time. Due to the mechanical typewriter and the Linotype machine, printed materials during the World War I era were produced quickly and widely distributed. In a time without media other than those on paper, printed materials like newspapers, magazines, books, letters, and army orders were critical for communication. This book examines the range of documents written during World War I or within a few years of the end of the conflict to reveal the experiences of the doughboys who participated in "the war to end all wars." Through documents such as military communications, newspaper accounts, personal letters, divisional histories written soon after the end of hostilities, and other sources, readers get detailed glimpses into the doughboy experience during World War I. The book covers subject matter throughout their time as soldiers, including training in the United States and in France, early participation in conflicts, daily life in the American Expeditionary Force, the major battles for American troops, and what returning home was like for those lucky ones. The assembled narrative of the war experience from many different voices and individuals creates a resource that enables a better understanding the attitudes and perspectives from 1918 through the very early 1920s. Readers will also gain an appreciation of the many changes in American culture that were to follow immediately after the war's conclusion and contribute to the decade of the Roaring Twenties.
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Ober, Scot. Gregg College Keyboarding & Document Processing for Microcomputers/Kit 1: Basic Course/Book and 3 Disks/One Completing Forms on a Typewriter/One Styl. 7th ed. Glencoe/Mcgraw-Hill, 1993.

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Nettleton, Claire Correo, Ellen K. Levy, Molly Duggins, Jane Prophet, Marie-Pier Boucher, Louise Mackenzie, Charissa N. Terranova, et al., eds. Art and Biotechnology. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350376069.

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This interdisciplinary anthology examines the relationship between developments in biotechnology and both artistic and literary innovation, focussing in particular on how newfound molecular technologies and knowledge regimes, such as CRISPR gene editing, alter conceptions of what it means to be human. The book presents 21 essays, split across five parts, from a coterie of artists, scientists, and theorists, which examine the symbiotic relationship between humans, animals, and viruses as well as the impossibility of germ-free existence. The essays in this volume are urgent in their topicality, embodying the exhilarating yet alarming zeitgeist of contemporary nonhuman-to-human viral transmission and gene editing technologies. Ultimately, Art and Biotechnology reveals how art has influenced biotechnological innovation and has shaped the discussion around gene editing and the socio-cultural aspects of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is essential reading for students and researchers focussing on science and art, environmental humanities, and ethics. In the age of biotechnology, is it possible to conceive of microbes as our new paintbrush, DNA as our typewriter and organic tissue as our new clay? Through an interdisciplinary approach, we examine how newfound molecular technologies and knowledge regimes, such as CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and the recent COVID-19 pandemic, alter understandings of the human experience. We ask: Where do the arts, which have been at the forefront of technological innovation, sit in relation to our ongoing viral and biomedical entanglement? How have the arts shaped discussion and ethical considerations around genome editing and COVID-19? How have the pandemic and biotechnological innovation—from CRISPR to vaccines with messenger RNA (mRNA)—transformed what it means to be human? To answer these inquiries, we assembled interdisciplinary artists and scholars with a keen interest or background in biology to examine interconnections between artistic and literary and biotechnological innovation. Whether studies, reflections, or artistic practice engaging with biotechnology or COVID-19, the chapters draw inspiration from one another and the practices of fellow artists, scientists, humanists and from the non-humans inside and around us. Their narratives complement research by the medical community—especially those who documented personal experiences with COVID-19 or engaged directly with the virus in their creative work. Artists are particularly suited to making the seemingly imperceptible visible, including microscopic entities, thus contributing to our collective understanding of public health. Manipulating genetic sequences has had a transformative impact on both scientific and artistic narratives. The humanities are a method of thinking critically and ethically about emerging biotechnologies, especially in the realms of genetics and disease control and their societal impact at a time of rapid acceleration. In an era of mass extinction and global heating, biotechnological arts offer hope for ecological restoration while cautioning against the technological dominance of the planet. Art can also aid us in processing the vast racial and economic disparities surrounding the pandemic and the profound loss of millions of lives. This anthology is urgent in its topicality, epitomizing the zeitgeist of contemporary nonhuman-to-human viral transmission and genome editing technologies.
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Book chapters on the topic "Typewritten Documents"

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Gatos, Basilis, Thomas Konidaris, Ioannis Pratikakis, and Stavros J. Perantonis. "A Holistic Methodology for Keyword Search in Historical Typewritten Documents." In Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 490–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11752912_52.

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Antonacopoulos, Apostolos, and Dimosthenis Karatzas. "A Complete Approach to the Conversion of Typewritten Historical Documents for Digital Archives." In Document Analysis Systems VI, 90–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-28640-0_9.

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Galekovic, Jasna, Zeljka Tkalac, and Andrea Ledic. "Forensic Examination of Handwriting and Documents." In Selected ISABS Topics in Forensic Science and Molecular Anthropology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.115118.

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The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the instruments and methods that experts currently use for forensic examination of handwriting and documents. Currently, the laboratory for forensic examinations of documents and handwriting is equipped with modern optical instruments that enable experts to conduct various examinations of disputed and undisputed material without destroying them. Most of the methods in use are nondestructive and are applied for different purposes, such as forensic examinations of handwriting and signatures, examination of security documents (analysis of security elements, substrates, printing and personalization techniques, etc.), determination of alterations in documents, examination of stamp and stamp impressions, examination of typewritten documents and typewriters, examination of toner and inkjet printed documents and printers, examination of indented impressions, and examination of intersected lines. The majority of those methods are in compliance with the ENFSI1 methods for examination of handwriting (ENFHEX WG2) and documents (EDEWG3) and are accredited according to the ISO 17025 standard. As the interpretation of the findings during the forensic expert examination of handwriting and documents is considered subjective, depending mainly on human perception of the obtained examination results, it is extremely important that handwriting and document experts are well educated and familiar with the latest scientific methods in this field of expertise.
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Suriyan, Kannadhasan, and Nagarajan R. "Recent Trends in Pattern Recognition." In Machine Learning Techniques and Industry Applications, 201–18. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-5271-7.ch010.

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Character recognition is the technique of identifying characters that have been optically processed (OCR). OCR is a method of converting a wide range of texts, PDFs, and digital pictures into an American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) or other machine-editable format in which the data may be changed or searched. Many applications, such as OCR, document categorization, data mining, and others, have demanded recent improvements in pattern recognition. Document scanners, character recognition, language recognition, security, and bank identification all rely on OCR. There are two kinds of OCR systems: online character recognition and offline character recognition. Online OCR outperforms offline OCR because characters are processed as they are written, avoiding the first step of character identification. Offline OCR is separated into two types: printed and handwritten OCR. Offline OCR is often performed by scanning typewritten or handwritten characters into a binary or grayscale picture for processing by a recognition algorithm. Scanned papers have become more valuable than typical picture files as OCR technology has advanced, converting them into text contents that computers can identify. Over the traditional process of manually retyping, OCR discovers a superior approach of automatically putting data into an electronic database. The most common issue with OCR is segmentation of linked letters or symbols. The accuracy of the OCR is proportional to the input image.
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Conference papers on the topic "Typewritten Documents"

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Kaur, Jaspreet, Vishal Goyal, and Manish Kumar. "Tesseract OCR for Hindi Typewritten Documents." In 2021 Sixth International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciip53038.2021.9702659.

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Antonacopoulos, A., and D. Karatzas. "Semantics-based content extraction in typewritten historical documents." In Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'05). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2005.215.

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Antonacopoulos, A., and C. C. Castilla. "Flexible Text Recovery from Degraded Typewritten Historical Documents." In 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2006.581.

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Gatos, B., T. Konidaris, K. Ntzios, I. Pratikakis, and S. J. Perantonis. "A segmentation-free approach for keyword search in historical typewritten documents." In Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR'05). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2005.30.

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Pletschacher, Stefan, Jianying Hu, and Apostolos Antonacopoulos. "A New Framework for Recognition of Heavily Degraded Characters in Historical Typewritten Documents Based on Semi-Supervised Clustering." In 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2009.267.

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Retsinas, George, Basilis Gatos, Apostolos Antonacopoulos, Georgios Louloudis, and Nikolaos Stamatopoulos. "Historical Typewritten Document Recognition Using Minimal User Interaction." In HIP '15: 3rd International Workshop on Historical Document Imaging and Processing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2809544.2809559.

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Cao, Huaigu, Rohit Prasad, and Prem Natarajan. "Handwritten and Typewritten Text Identification and Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models." In 2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2011.155.

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Murray, Iain R., John L. Arnott, and Alan E. Newell. "A comparison of document composition using a listening typewriter and conventional office systems." In 2nd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1991). ISCA: ISCA, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1991-13.

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Sargent, Murray. "Efficient entry of mathematical equations." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.fm4.

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Mathematical text includes patterns such as fractions and bracketed expressions that require careful placement of arguments. The typist could estimate the size of these arguments as on an IBM Selectric typewriter, moving the cursor to desired places on the screen and typing characters. Although simple in principle, this method requires many keystrokes to type formulas and makes it hard even to achieve positioning of the characters accurate to the low resolution computer screen. Over the years I have developed a linear format for equations that proves to be both much more typist efficient as well as providing the highest accuracy available on the target printer, e.g., 1/300" on a laser printer. In technical documents, fractions are often written in a single line with the numerator written first followed by a slash and then the denominator. My linear equation notation generalizes this concept to handle arbitrary mathematical formulas. Text is entered and edited in the linear format. Both on graphics preview and on printing, a text filter recognizes legal mathematical expressions, automatically expanding fractions, brackets, braces, parentheses, square roots, etc., to built-up form precisely fitting their arguments.
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