Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Types of clause'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Types of clause.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Rasolofo, Andoveloniaina. "Malagasy transitive clause types and their functions /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1196393781&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 297-307). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Ramos, Bierge Stefanie. "Clause Types and Transitivity in Wixarika (Huichol)| A Uto-Aztecan Language." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10605084.
Full textWixárika, also known as Huichol, is an endangered Uto-Aztecan language spoken in Mexico. Published works on Wixárika include articles and brief sketches on different aspects of the grammar; however, much about the language remains unknown. This dissertation presents a systematic description of simple clauses in Wixárika, based on eight hours of naturally recorded speech and elicited materials. Using a functional-typological perspective, I explore Wixárika’s morphosyntactic devices to express different types of events. In keeping with the study of clause types, I also explore the language’s morphological devices for modifying the number of arguments. Wixárika has five devices that add a core argument into the clause: causatives -tia, -ta, -ya, applicative -ri(e), vowel alternation, lability, and suppletion. Similarly, the language has five devices that reduce the number of arguments: reflexive/reciprocal pronoun prefixes, passive suffixes (-rie, -ya, -wa, -riwa, -tsie), middle voice prefix (yu-), and noun incorporation.
The overall analysis discusses the implications of the language’s system in existing typological theories. Wixárika shows to be devoid of any clear-cut boundary between clause types, as proposed in typological studies (Hopper & Thompson 1980; Givón 1984; Stassen 1997; Næss 2007; Kittilä 2002). Of particular interest are the prefixes ta-/ti- since they provide more evidence of this scalar nature; the speakers use these prefixes to encode the ‘effectiveness’ of the action (Cf. Grimes 1964; Iturrioz & Gómez 2006). These prefixes are explored in relation to other components of transitivity (e.g., the number of arguments and their encoding, tense/aspect/mood, polarity, the individuation of actor and undergoer, and the prefixes ti-/te- ‘distributive subject’) in expressing different degrees of transitivity. I show that these components lack co-variation (Cf. Hopper & Thompson), particularly with the prefixes ta-/ti-. However, the presence or absence of the prefixes ta-/ti- and/or the (de)transitivization devices express different degrees of transitivity. Particularly interesting is the fact that Wixárika has a tendency to polysynthesis, not common in Southern Uto-Aztecan languages. Therefore, this study not only contributes to a growing understanding of the grammatical system of Wixárika but also will clarify the evolution and intra-genetic relations of the Uto-Aztecan family.
Mohamed, Aladdin Abd El Basset. "A contrastive study of discourse features in English and Arabic writing in connection with two text types : research article abstracts and newspaper letters to the editor." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364433.
Full textDaniele, Botteri. "Aspects of the Italian interrogative system." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1047476.
Full textMontagu, Benoît. "Programmer avec des modules de première classe dans un langage noyau pourvu de sous-typage, sortes singletons et types existentiels ouverts." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550331.
Full textSozeau, Matthieu. "Un environnement pour la programmation avec types dépendants." Paris 11, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640052.
Full textSystems based on dependent type theory are getting considerable attention for the verification of computer programs as well as a practical tool for developing formal mathematical proofs involving complex and expensive computations. These systems still require considerable expertise from the users to be used efficiently. We design high-level constructs permitting to use languages based on dependent type theory as easily as modern functional programming languages, without sacrificing the powerful constructs of the former. We study a new language allowing to build certified programs while writing only their algorithmical squeleton and their specification. Typing in this system gives rise to proof obligations that can be handled interactively a posteriori. We demonstrate the main metatheoretical results on this system, whose proofs are partially mechanized, and present its implementation in the Coq proof assistant. Then we describe an integration and extension of the type classes concept à la Haskell into Coq, providing a simple interpretation of the constructs linked with type classes into the underlying dependent type theory. We demonstrate the usefulness of these dependent type classes for specifications and proofs and present an economical yet powerful implementation of a generalized rewriting tactic based on them. We conclude by employing these contributions in the development of a certified library of a complex data structure called Finger Trees
Le, botlan Didier. "Ml f : Une extension de ML avec polymorphisme de second ordre et instanciation implicite." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0016.
Full textRasoamanana, Jean-Marc. "Etude résurgente d'une classe d'équations différentielles de type Schrödinger." Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0008.
Full textMorin, Gabrielle. "The Present Perfect in since-clauses : the interaction with different types of predicates." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66867.
Full textThis thesis is a semantic study of the behaviour of the Present Perfect in temporal sinceclauses. The Simple Past being the most commonly found verb form in temporal sinceclauses of the kind She has been my friend since we were at school together, there are times when speakers of English use the Present Perfect instead, such as in I have known you since I have lived in Quebec City. The purpose of this study is therefore to show a correlation between the use of the Present Perfect and the different types of events/predicates in this type of construction. To do so, Vendler’s (1957) categorization of events into accomplishments, achievements, activities, and states is used as a basis for the classification of the 527 corpus results examined in this study. In this sense, the intrinsic meaning of each type of predicate, combined with the influence of durational elements in the main clause such as It’s been twenty years since…, has an influence on whether the Present Perfect or the Simple Past is the most frequent verbal form used for each type of predicate. It will also become apparent that the presence of the Present Perfect in since-clauses is not as rare a phenomenon as one might think. However, in some cases, the Present Perfect can be replaced by its counterpart, the Simple Past, leading one to seek the reason for the choice of the Present Perfect in sinceclauses.
Silva, Leonardo de Amorin e. 1980. "Grupos abelianos-por-(nilpotentes de classe 2)." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306919.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T02:25:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LeonardodeAmorine_D.pdf: 582293 bytes, checksum: ed3c907af5279b8923c782d730bcf1d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Nesta tese consideramos uma extensão cindida G de um grupo abeliano A por um grupo nilpotente (de classe 2) Q e provamos dois resultados. Primeiro, se Q age nilpotentemente sobre A e G tem tipo FP2, calculamos o sigma invariante de G em dimensão 2. Segundo, se G tem tipo FP4, mostramos que cada quociente de G tem tipo FP4
Abstract: In this thesis we consider a split extension G of an abelian group A by a nilpotent group (class 2) Q and prove two results. First, if Q acts nilpotently on A and G has type FP2, compute the sigma invariant of G in dimension 2. Second, if G has type FP4, we show that every quotient G has type FP4
Doutorado
Matematica
Doutora em Matemática
Matthieu, Sozeau. "Un environnement pour la programmation avec types dépendants." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640052.
Full textAl-Zawawi, Alawiah Sami. "Entrepreneurship and franchisee performance." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16400.
Full textMiller, Aretha D. "Associations Between Healthcare Facility Types and Healthcare-Associated Infections." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2035.
Full textLe, Botlan Didier. "MLF : Une extension de ML avec polymorphisme de second ordre et instanciation implicite." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007132.
Full textde première classe, à la manière du Système F.
Cette extension, nommée MLF, utilise les annotations de types
d'ordre supérieur données explicitement dans le programme pour inférer
de manière principale le type le plus général. Toute expression admet
ainsi un type principal, qui dépend des annotations présentes
initialement dans le programme.
Toute expression de ML est typable dans MLF sans annotation
supplémentaire. Les expressions du Système F sont encodées de
manière systématique dans MLF en supprimant les abstractions
et les applications de types, et en traduisant les annotations
de types dans le langage de types de MLF.
De plus, les paramètres de lambda-abstractions qui ne sont pas
utilisés de manière polymorphe n'ont pas besoin d'être annotés.
Handley, G. D. "Hilbert and Hardy type inequalities /." Connect to thesis, 2005. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000818.
Full textAlawode, Matthew Ibiyosi. "Interactions langagières et construction de savoirs de type métalangagiers en classe de langue." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1011.
Full textOurs is an attempt to take a look at the role and usage of metalanguage in the transmission and construction of knoledge by Nigerian teachers and learners of French as a foreign language in the Nigeria French Language Village, Badagry. The study wishes to highlight how the learner goes beyond the level of simply using the French language as a means of expression to using it as a means of reflexion on or about the language s/he is in the process of learning. The kernel of our work is articulated around such questions as to how metalinguistic activities could enhance or inhibit the processes of learning a foreign language and as to what extent verbal interactions in the classroom situation could be a means of enhancing the construction of metalinguistic competence of learners. Finally, we made some proposals as to what pedagogical measures and/or practices to put in place in order to enhance the learning of French language by Nigerian learners through metalinguistic activities, as well as for the training of Nigerian teachers of French as a foreign language in the use of such activities
Colipan, Ximena. "Etude didactique des situations de recherche pour la classe concernant des jeux combinatoires de type Nim." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM002/document.
Full textThis research is included in the project of the research group "Maths à modeler". In particular, in the part that corresponds to the study of "situations de recherche pour la classe" (SiRC). This research is focused in the study of the role played by the mathematical activity, the combinatorial games and particularly the games of Nim-type in learning the fundamental know-hows. We put under the term "fundamental know-hows" all the knowledge, methods and techniques found in all mathematical activity: experimenting, studying particular cases, conjecturing, building examples and counter-examples, modeling, proving, defining, etc. (Grenier et Payan, 2002). The main aim of this research is the construction, the experimentation and the analysis of SiRC based on combinatorial games of Nim-type for students designed to make them build and develop the know-hows required for the implementation of a "mathematical process". Our main problem is then identifying the fundamental and notional know-hows of the mathematical activity that are used in combinatorial games of Nim-type and establishing the epistemological and didactical conditions and constrains that favor the learning of these know-hows in the classroom. To achieve our aim, our research is supported, on one hand, by some aspects of the theory of didactical situation by Brousseau (Brousseau, 2004) and the theory of conceptual fields by Vergnaud (Vergnaud, 1994) and, on the other hand, by the SiRC model, where we also contribute to precise it. We based our research in the epistemological and didactical study of Nim-type games to conduct mathematical and didactical analysis of two SiRC: the first one, called "the geometrical Euclid game", is a situation of Nim-type created specifically for this research and based on the classical Euclid game. The second one, called "the chocolate game", is a situation frequently experimented by the research group math à modeler whose didactical analysis had not been done yet. The analysis and experimentations we have conducted show that the situations based on Nim-type games can lead to a mathematical activity that goes beyond developing and practicing mathematical techniques. They can open access to more general know-hows specific to the mathematical activity
Billères, Malvina. "Observations et astéroséismologie de sous-naines de type B, une nouvelle classe d'étoiles pulsantes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ55453.pdf.
Full textBILLERES, MALVINA. "Observations et asteroseismologie de sous-naines de type b : une nouvelle classe d'etoiles pulsantes." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066034.
Full textArnaud, Jean-Baptiste. "Vers des références de première classe comme infrastructure de sécurité dans les langages dynamiquement typés." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808419.
Full textHelms, Mark Daniel. "An Analysis of the Supreme Court's Holdings in Establishment Clause Cases: Comparing Holdings to Measure Consistency Across Variables." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24195.
Full textMaster of Arts
Douville, Guillaume. "Déploiements de carquois valués de types B et C." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8013.
Full textDELBARRE, Franck. "Les formes verbales du français : constatation d'un certain type d'erreurs dans une classe de niveau supérieur." 名古屋大学大学院国際言語文化研究科, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14071.
Full textCharbonnel, Pierre. "Projets d'écoles, projets de classe ? : conséquences sociologiques d'une réforme de type volontariste dans un contexte ambigu." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H009.
Full textBenmimoun, Mimoun. "Sur le comportement asymptotique des bonnes solutions d'une classe de problèmes paraboliques dégénérés du type Neumann." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10252.
Full textThe study set fort. H in this thes is concerns the long-time behavior of certain solutions to a class of nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations. The equations that we investigate play an important role in the analysis of certain phenomella related to the nonlinear diffusion of substances through porous media; they also play a role in plasma physics, in population dynamics and in many other applications. Ln the first chapter we explain briefly what is already known regarding the problem under consideration, and we explain the strategy and the methods we wish to use to prove some generalizations. In the second chapter we formulate precisely and we discuss all of our results which concern the long-time behavior of solutions to problems of fast and slow diffusion. In the third chapter, we give the complete proofs of all our results. The techniques that we use combine methods from the theory of nonlinear semigroups and from the theory of infinite-dimensional dynamical systems. An important feature of our work is t. Hat we are able to exhibit the rate of decay of the solutions in each case we consider. These rates of convergence can be either exponential or polynomial, and which one occurs depends on the structural properties of the nonlinearities and of the initial conditions involved
GU, XUE FAN. "Marqueurs genetiques du diabete de type 1 : analyse du polymorphisme des genes hla de classe ii." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066143.
Full textManente, Amélie. "Types de prédication en vietnamien : dynamique et variété des structures." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H010/document.
Full textWe present here a syntaxic analysis of the Vietnamese language spoken in Ho Chi Minh City, in line with the functional syntax introduced by André Martinet and developed later by his followers. In a first part, we examined the extent of noun/verb opposition in Vietnamese. After a synthesis of work on this subject, we present our own analysis of the lexical classes, relying on strictly syntactic criteria. A detailed study of the syntactic modalités (undeterminable determinants) - nominalizing undeterminable determinants, undeterminable determinants of degree, predicative undeterminable determinants and injunctive undeterminable determinants - was necessary. These units are used to distinguish different behaviors, and leads to the identification of major lexical classes in Vietnamese: nominals, adjectives, modals and ‘verbals’. It appears that these classes of units are organized along a continuum. In a second part, the analysis focuses on the different types of predicative structures in Vietnamese. The variety of structures - nuclear and connective - is central to the study as well as the identification of the different functions. Finally, we present an analysis of "serial verb constructions" very common in Vietnamese, but actually reflecting very different realities. Throughout this study, we pay particular attention to the variation and change (reanalysis, lexicalizations, grammaticalizations), referring to the dynamics of the various structures and of the Vietnamese language itself
Nguyen, Van Hiep. "Compilation et environnement d'exécution d'un langage à base d'objets." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339744.
Full textBeaulieu, Patrick. "Approach to the synthesis of spiroiridal-type triterpenoids via an Ireland-Claisen rearrangement." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26576.
Full textFischer, Daniel Friedrich. "New frontiers in asymmetric aza-Claisen rearrangements : development of ferrocenyl imidazoline palladacycles /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18128.
Full textKruszewski, Alexandre. "Lois de commande pour une classe de modèles non linéaires sous la forme Takagi-Sugeno : mise sous forme LMI." Valenciennes, 2006. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/47cd2183-0e4c-4bc8-b7b8-591ffb66d847.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with a particular class of nonlinear models called Takagi-Sugeno. In spite of their fuzzy background, they can be seen as a collection of linear models blended by some nonlinear functions. The stability analysis of this kind of models is investigated through the direct Lyapunov method and using a quadratic function. This choice is due to its capability to cope with LMI constraints. These conditions are only sufficient. Many results are available for these models. The first works were dealing only with stability and stabilization without any robustness criterion or performances indexes. Extensions are available on state feedback with observer, descriptor models, uncertain models, models with delays, dynamic output feedbacks… Some performances criteria are also considered as the minimization of quadratic criterion, D-Stability, Hinf…In spite of these results, some problems need to be solved. The quadratic Lyapunov function approach seems to have reached its limit. Considering that the conditions are only sufficient, what can be done if they are too restrictive? How to relax a LMI problem which has no solution? The goal of this thesis is to quit the quadratic framework by proposing less conservative results than those met in the literature
Godeau, Thierry. "Implication du complexe majeur d'histocompabilite de classe ii dans le developpement du diabete de type 1 : etude experimentale de l'induction des molecules de classe ii sur des cellules pancreatiques a insuline." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT122M.
Full textVerdoucq, Laurent. "Dérivées tangentielles et interpolation pour les fonctions de la classe Ak[infini] au bord de domaines de type fini." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/55376-1998-1.pdf.
Full textCavichioli, Gonzaga Carlos. "Analyse de stabilité et de performances d'une classe de systèmes non-linéaires à commutations en temps discret." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762873.
Full textDidierjean, Joël. "Etude d'une nouvelle classe d'inhibiteurs de la rétrotranscriptase et de l'intégrase du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type (VIH-1)." Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/DIDIERJEAN_Joel_2005.pdf.
Full textIn order to develop new HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors, we studied the 3,7-dihydroxytropolones (3,7-DHT) which are known to inhibit the human inositol monophosphatase by chelating the 2 catalytic Mg2+ ions separated from 3,7Å. The HIV-1 polymerase and RNase H catalytic sites contain two Mg2+ ions, distant from de 3,57 and 4Å, respectively. Moreover, the HIV-1 integrase (IN) possesses a catalytic platform similar to the RNase H active site. Therefore, we decided to study the 3,7-DHT on the HIV-1 RT and IN activities. We observed a specific inhibition by some 3,7-DHT derivatives for each RT activity. We showed that the inhibition of the polymerase activity is non-competitive in regard to the dNTP, like non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). Nevertheless, 3,7-DHT bind neither in the NNRTIs site, nor to the nucleic acids that are substrates of RT activities. Furthermore, 3,7-DHT are not able to induce the dissociation of the heterodimeric form of the active RT. Finally, we showed that 3,7-DHT do not inhibit the polymerization at the translocation step. The implication of the catalytic cations into the mechanisms of RT and IN inhibition by 3,7-DHT has also been studied. In order to increase the 3,7-DHT efficacy and affinity, and to decrease their cytotoxicity, we wanted to get the cristallographic struture of the RT/(primer/template)/dNTP ternary complex with a 3,7-DHT. Cristals from different complex have been obtained, but need to be improved. Taken together these results allow the development of a rationalized design of RT and IN inhibitors, in order to get more specific and efficient compounds of one or another activity
Capponi, Cécile. "Identification et Exploitation des Types dans un modèle de connaissances à objets." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345845.
Full textАфанасьева, О. В., В. И. Мощенок, В. П. Тарабанова, Н. А. Лалазарова, and Е. Г. Попова. "Особенности самостоятельной работы студентов при изучении технологии металлов и материаловедения." Thesis, ХНАДУ, 2017. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/9250.
Full textWeber, Lars [Verfasser], Claus [Akademischer Betreuer] Möbus, and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Fränzle. "Driver Modeling and Simulation of Lane Change Situations : Influence of Different Rear View Mirror Types on Gap Acceptance Behavior / Lars Weber ; Claus Möbus, Martin Fränzle." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1152005251/34.
Full textDoulin, Janrené. "Analyse comparative des difficultés rencontrées par les élèves dans l'appropriation de différents types de graphismes techniques en classe de seconde : option TSA (technologie des systèmes automatises)." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0016.
Full textLenormand, Cédric. "Caractérisation des molécules HLA-DQα2/β2, un nouveau type de molécules HLA de classe II exprimées par les cellules de Langerhans de l’épiderme." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6172.
Full textLangerhans cells are the resident dendritic cells of the human epidermis, wherein they occupy a privileged position at the interface between the body and the external environment. To refine our knowledge on their specificities among the dendritic cells, a comparative analysis of their transcriptome was undertaken in the laboratory. In this way, the specific expression of the HLA-DQB2 gene by Langerhans cells was identified. HLA-DQA2/DQB2 genes are paralogous to the HLA-DQ-encoding HLA-DQA1/DQB1 genes, but have been described as remarkably lowly polymorphic for HLA class II genes and are strongly evolutionarily conserved. Up to date, their coordinated expression has never been reported. In this work, we confirm that HLA-DQA2 and HLA-DQB2 genes are specifically expressed in Langerhans cells. With the help of different transfected cell line models, we show that the HLA-DQα2 and HLA-DQβ2 chains associate together in the endoplasmic reticulum and, under the control of the chaperone invariant chain Ii, reach endosomal compartments. HLA-DQα2/β2 molecules interact with the endosomal chaperone HLA-DM and are expressed at the plasma membrane, where they mediate staphylococcal superantigen presentation to T cells. Taken together, those results suggest that HLA-DQα2/β2 molecules could represent a new type of lowly polymorphic HLA class II molecules specifically expressed in epidermal Langerhans cells
Didierjean, J. "Étude d'une nouvelle classe d'inhibiteurs de la rétrotranscriptase et de l'intégrase du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type-1 (VIH-1)." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128127.
Full textDans le cadre du développement de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la RT, nous nous sommes intéressés aux 3,7-dihydroxytropolones (3,7-DHT), qui inhibent l'inositol monophosphatase humaine par chélation de deux ions Mg2+ catalytiques distants de 3,7Å. Or les sites catalytiques polymérase et RNase H de la RT contiennent respectivement deux ions Mg2+ distants de 3,57 et 4Å. En outre, l'IN du VIH-1 possède une plate-forme catalytique proche de celle du site RNase H. Nous avons ainsi entrepris d'étudier l'effet des 3,7-DHT sur les activités de la RT et de l'IN du VIH-1.
Nous avons observé une inhibition spécifique de l'une ou l'autre activité de la RT par certaines 3,7-DHT. Des études enzymatiques ont ensuite montré que l'inhibition de l'activité ADN polymérase est non-compétitive vis-à-vis des nucléotides, à l'instar des NNRTIs. Néanmoins, l'étude de RT résistante ou dépourvue du site de fixation des NNRTIs permet d'exclure un mode d'action identique à cette classe d'inhibiteurs. Des expériences de gel-filtration, permettant de suivre l'état d'oligomérisation de la forme active de la RT, hétérodimérique, montrent que les 3,7-DHT ne sont pas capables de la dissocier. L'inhibition des activités de la RT par liaison des 3,7-DHT aux acides nucléiques a été écartée, entre autres, par des expériences de fluorescence. Enfin nous avons montré que les 3,7-DHT n'inhibent pas la polymérisation lors de l'étape de translocation.
En revanche, une forte baisse de l'inhibition de la synthèse d'ADN a été mise en évidence lorsque la concentration en Mg2+ diminue, ce qui suggère que les 3,7-DHT ne lient le site actif polymérase qu'en présence des ions Mg2+. L'implication des cations catalytiques dans les mécanismes d'inhibition par les 3,7-DHT a également été étayée par l'observation d'une inhibition des activités de « processing » et de transfert de l'IN, dépendante du cation utilisé.
Malheureusement, des cultures cellulaires en présence de 3,7-DHT ont révélé une cytotoxicité importante. Ce résultat était partiellement prévisible, compte tenu de l'existence de nombreuses enzymes bimétalliques cellulaires et de l'utilisation de 3,7-DHT de première génération. Dans l'objectif d'améliorer ces composés, sur la base de leur relation structure/activité, nous avions également pour projet d'obtenir la structure cristallographique d'un complexe ternaire RT/(matrice/amorce)/dNTP, en présence d'une 3,7-DHT. Des cristaux de différents complexes ont été obtenus, mais n'ont pas permis d'obtenir de clichés de diffraction aux rayons X et restent par conséquent à améliorer.
Nous avons également étudié l'influence de la concentration en Mg2+ libre sur les activités catalytiques de la RT du VIH-1.
En résumé, les résultats obtenus au cours de mon travail de thèse permettent d'élaborer les prémices d'une stratégie de conception « rationalisée » d'inhibiteurs de la RT et de l'IN, dans l'objectif d'obtenir des composés plus spécifiques et plus affins de l'un ou l'autre site catalytique.
Lafenetre, Pascal. "Contribution à l’étude des inégalités scolaires selon le type d’orientation en classe de seconde : pratiques d’enseignement des mathématiques et habitus professionnel." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21954/document.
Full textNearly 80% of a class age is to be taken as far as the baccalauréat by the French Educational School System. Yet, this democratization of the system should not hide the persistence of certain inequalities. It seems indeed, that some school inequalities crystallize at school. That’s why this work will aim at showing, at first, that these inequalities increase during the 1st year of high school (our seconde). Moreover, inequalities of access come on top of inequalities of success. Then, it will be demonstrated in that work that teaching methods (different from one school to another), could as well explain the increase of inequalities. The first study will mainly deal with the evolution of the success inequalities in mathematics between general, technical and professional French high schools. It will be demonstrated as well that pupils don’t have the same opportunities according to their initial rank and according to the school they’re in. The second study will deal with the teaching methods and interviews of 10 teachers, from different types of high schools (LP, LT, LG). A quantitative and qualitative analysis of their speech and practices through their interviews and during the class will help characterize their practices according to the place they teach. It will thus help highlighting what could be called a professional habitus
Philipsson, Anders. "Interrogative Clauses and Verb Morphology in L2 Swedish : Theoretical Interpretations of Grammatical Development and Effects of Different Elicitation Techniques." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Centre for Research on Bilingualism, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6847.
Full textBonnet, Richard. "Beta-lactamases de classe a chez les enterobacteriaceae : caracterisation de variants de tem et de deux nouveaux types enzymatiques ctx-m-8 et bes-1 (doctorat : microbiologie)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF1MM12.
Full textJacob, Benoît. "Systèmes de type Bost-Connes pour les corps de fonctions." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066223.
Full textRafaralahy, Hugues. "Modélisation d'un processus thermique et reconstruction de l'état et des défauts pour une classe de systèmes à paramètres distribués de type parabolique." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10223.
Full textCavalcante, Thiago Rodrigues. "Multiplicidade de soluções para uma classe de problemas elípticos de quarta ordem com condição de contorno de Navier." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8257.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-03-26T12:16:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Thiago Rodrigues Cavalcante - 2018.pdf: 2200622 bytes, checksum: 39118adda6b7ceff14825da442b5be57 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-26T12:16:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Thiago Rodrigues Cavalcante - 2018.pdf: 2200622 bytes, checksum: 39118adda6b7ceff14825da442b5be57 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In the first two chapters, we consider the following problem \begin{equation*} \left \{ \begin{array}{rcll} \alpha \Delta^{2} u + \beta \Delta u & = & f(x,u)\, & \mbox{in}\,\, \Omega \\ u = \Delta u & = & 0 \, &\mbox{on } \,\,\, \partial \Omega, \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} where $\displaystyle{\Delta^{2} u = \Delta(\Delta u)-\,\mbox{biharmonic (fourth-order operator)}}$, $\alpha > 0$ and $ \beta \in \R.$ The subset $\displaystyle{ \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}\, (N \geq 4)}$ is as somooth bounded domain and $\displaystyle{ f \in C(\overline{\Omega} \times \mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}) }.$ In each of the results obtained, we will consider different technical hypotheses and characteristics for the nonlinear function $f$ e for the value of the constant $ \beta. $ In the third chapter, we study an equation of the concave type super linear, of the form: \begin{equation} \left \{ \begin{array}{rcll} \alpha \Delta^{2} u + \beta \Delta u & = & a(x)|u|^{s-2}u + f(x,u)\, & \mbox{in}\,\, \Omega \\ u = \Delta u & = & 0 \, &\mbox{on} \,\,\, \partial \Omega, \end{array} \right. \end{equation} where $\beta \in (-\infty, \alpha \lambda_{1}).$ We consider that the function $a \in L^{\infty} (\Omega)$ and $s \in (1,2).$ Finally, in the last chapter we will consider a fourth order problem in which nonlinearity is also of the convex concave type. More precisely, we study the following class of equations: \begin{equation} \left\{ \begin{aligned} \alpha \Delta^{2} u + \beta \Delta u & = \mu a(x)|u|^{q-2}u + b(x)|u|^{p-2}u&\,\,\,\,\ &\mbox{in}\,\, \Omega \\ u = \Delta u & = 0 & \,\,\,\,&\mbox{on} \,\, \partial \Omega, \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation} where the parameter $ \mu > 0 $, the powers $ 1
Nos dois primeiros Capítulos, consideramos a seguinte classe de problemas: \begin{equation*} \left \{ \begin{array}{rcll} \alpha \Delta^{2} u + \beta \Delta u & = & f(x,u)\, & \mbox{em}\,\, \Omega \\ u = \Delta u & = & 0 \, &\mbox{sobre } \,\,\, \partial \Omega, \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} onde $\displaystyle{\Delta^{2} u = \Delta(\Delta u)-\,\mbox{biharmônico},}$ $\alpha > 0$ e $ \beta \in \R.$ O subconjunto $\displaystyle{ \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}\,(N \geq 4)}$ será um domínio limitado e a não linearidade $\displaystyle{ f \in C(\overline{\Omega} \times \mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}) }.$ Em cada um dos resultados obtidos, consideraremos hipóteses técnicas e características diferentes para a função não linear $f$ e para o valor da constante $\beta.$ No terceiro Capítulo, estudamos uma equação do tipo côncavo super linear, da forma: \begin{equation*} \left \{ \begin{array}{rcll} \alpha \Delta^{2} u + \beta \Delta u & = & a(x)|u|^{s-2}u + f(x,u)\, & \mbox{em}\,\, \Omega \\ u = \Delta u & = & 0 \, &\mbox{sobre } \,\,\, \partial \Omega, \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} onde $\alpha > 0$ e $\beta \in (-\infty, \alpha \lambda_{1})$. Consideramos que a função $a \in L^{\infty}(\Omega)$ e que $s \in (1,2).$ Por fim, no último Capítulo vamos considerar um problema de quarta ordem no qual a não linearidade é do tipo côncavo-convexa. Mais precisamente, estudamos a seguinte classe de equações: \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{aligned} \alpha \Delta^{2} u + \beta \Delta u & = \mu a(x)|u|^{q-2}u + b(x)|u|^{p-2}u&\,\,\,\,\ &\mbox{em}\,\, \Omega \\ u = \Delta u & = 0 & \,\,\,\,&\mbox{sobre} \,\, \partial \Omega, \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation*} onde o parâmetro $\mu > 0$ e as potências $ 1 < q < 2 < p < 2 N /(N - 4)$. Adicionalmente supomos que as funções $\displaystyle{a, b : \Omega \rightarrow \mathbb{R} }$ sejam contínuas podendo trocar de sinal em $\Omega$ e que $a^{+},b^{+} \neq 0.$
Lancien, Mélanie. "Etude du rôle des gènes homologues Tmem176a et Tmem176b dans le système immunitaire : immunité de type 17 et biologie des cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1011.
Full textOur immune system provides protection and regulates the homeostasis of the organism. For this, it consists of an innate immune response and an adaptive response. Our team has identified TMEM176A and TMEM176B. These proteins are intracellular ion channels that are particularly expressed both in RORyt+ cells and in dendritic cells. The generation of a deficient mouse for these two genes allowed us to study their role. We have demonstrated that the absence of Tmem 176a and b does not affect the generation of RORyt+ cells, neither their ability to secrete cytokines. The study of two models of colitis allowed us to confirm that Tmem176a and b seem to be dispensable in these cells. However, the epigenetic study of deficient dendritic cells put in evidence a deregulation of the MHC class li presentation pathway. We have detected a decrease of the proliferation of CD4+ T. Using an innovative microscopy technique, we have observed a preferential localization of TMEM176A and B in the endo-lysosomal pathway and in particular in the MIIC compartment involved in the presentation of antigens by the MHC class li pathway. Thus, these results suggest that in dendritic cells, Tmem 176a and b are involved in the presentation of antigens and activation of naïve CD4* T cells
Anjos, Zenaide Peixoto dos. "A tipologia textual do dissertativo: tipo de texto da classe opinativa e suas condições de produção discursiva." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14579.
Full textSecretaria do Estado e Educação
This dissertation is situated in the area of text typology and is grounded upon the Varieties of Discourse line of research. It has, for its theme, the dissertational text, its textual schemes and respective changes, which arise from the evaluation of discursive conditions of production. The general purpose of this work is to contribute to the development of textual typologies. As specific objectives, it: 1. describes the textual schemes of the dissertational text of 1 Thesis and 2 Theses; 2. examines the conditions of discursive production of text types; 3. verifies the organization of opinion on the analyzed texts; 4. examines the uses of arguments of necessity, possibility, probability, legitimacy, and reinforcement.This work s guiding hypothesis was: the dissertational text is a type of text that belongs to the opinioned class. This type changes, depending on the conditions of discursive production. The theoretical grounding is situated in Text Linguistics and the Critical Analysis of Discourse with a socio-cognitive slant.The material analyzed was selected from the manual Dissertação [ Dissertation ], by Agnelo Pacheco (1988). The procedure of analysis was theoretical-analytical. The results indicated that: 1. there are two textual schemes: the dissertational text of 1 Thesis and of 2 Theses; 2. these textual schemes are changes connected to the conditions of discursive production; 3. the textual organization of opinion arises from the projection of an evaluative scale, projected into the textual referent. Thus, the change of focus, given on the referent, is important for creating a new state of things to be evaluated; 4. the use of the arguments is relative to the modal evaluation that runs from necessity to possibility passing through probability, with arguments of legitimacy and reinforcement being constructed.It can be concluded that text types are grouped into a class of text, which is defined by properties common to the texts grouped by such a class. It becomes necessary to seek the class of text in order to be able to verify which types of texts define it, based on the discursive varieties
Esta dissertação situa-se na área de tipologia de textos e está fundamentada na linha de pesquisa Variedades do Discurso. Tem-se por tema o texto dissertativo , seus esquemas textuais e respectivas mudanças, decorrentes da avaliação de condições de produção discursiva. O Objetivo geral deste trabalho é contribuir para o desenvolvimento de tipologias textuais. Tem-se por objetivos específicos: 1. descrever os esquemas textuais do dissertativo de 1 Tese e de 2 Teses; 2. examinar as condições de produção discursiva dos tipos de texto;3. verificar a organização da opinião nos textos analisados; 4. examinar os usos de argumentos de necessidade, de possibilidade, de probabilidade, de legitimidade e de reforço.A hipótese orientadora da investigação foi: o texto dissertativo é um tipo de texto que pertence à classe opinativa. Este tipo se modifica, dependendo das condições de produção discursiva.A fundamentação teórica situa-se na Lingüística de Texto e na Análise Crítica do Discurso com vertente sócio-cognitiva.O material de análise foi selecionado do manual Dissertação, de Agnelo Pacheco (1988). O procedimento de análise foi teórico-analítico. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que: 1. há dois esquemas textuais: o dissertativo de 1 Tese e de 2 Teses; 2. esses esquemas textuais são modificações relativas às condições de produção discursiva; 3. a organização textual da opinião decorre da projeção de uma escala avaliativa, projetada no referente textual. Dessa forma, a mudança de foco, dado no referente, é importante para criar um estado novo de coisas a serem avaliadas; 4. o uso dos argumentos é relativo à avaliação modal que percorre da necessidade à possibilidade passando pela probabilidade, e se constroem argumentos de legitimidade e de reforço.Conclui-se que os tipos de textos estão agrupados em uma classe de texto, que se define por propriedades comuns aos textos agrupados por tal classe. Faz-se necessário buscar a classe de texto para se poder verificar quais tipos de textos a definem, a partir das variedades discursivas
Nascimento, Andrey Fabricio Ziem 1988. "Aspectos estruturais dos eventos moleculares associados à regulação e seletividade do transporte de cargas celulares pelas miosinas de classe V humanas." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/318096.
Full textTexto em português e inglês
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T11:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_AndreyFabricioZiem_D.pdf: 59337766 bytes, checksum: b26927ac8e7083ceb39d09631e1b378f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: As miosina de classe V, amplamente distribuídas em sistemas eucarióticos desde leveduras até vertebrados, são um dos mais caracterizados motores moleculares da superfamília das miosinas e desempenham um papel chave no transporte intracelular de vesículas, organelas e RNA mensageiro. As miosinas V consistem de duas cadeias pesadas idênticas que se dimerizam através da formação de uma estrutura coiled-coil e sua arquitetura tridimensional pode ser dividida em três distintos domínios: a porção N-terminal ou domínio motor que apresenta os sítios de interação com ATP e actina; a porção central ou pescoço formada por 6 domínios IQ, responsável pela regulação e interação com calmodulina; e a porção C-terminal que inclui a região coiled-coil e o domínio de ligação de cargas celulares também conhecido como domínio cauda globular (GTD). Uma das mais importantes questões pertinentes até hoje é como ocorre a sinalização e a interação entre as vesículas/organelas e o domínio globular C-terminal das miosinas V. Neste estudo, foram resolvidas as estruturas dos domínios cauda globular das miosinas Va, Vb e Vc humanas, revelando pequenas mudanças estruturais que levam a diferenciação funcional e, ainda, um novo mecanismo redox que controla a dimerização do GTD de forma independente do coiled-coil, que é exclusivo para a miosina Vc. As alterações estruturais induzidas pela fosforilação do GTD também foram exploradas, mostrando que o estado fosforilado possuí uma flexibilidade menor, podendo estar envolvido na regulação do estado inibido e/ou reconhecimento de cargas nucleares. Além disso, os sítios de ligação a carga e ao domínio motor foram estruturalmente anotados, indicando uma conservação de resíduos envolvidos na interação com adaptadores para o transporte de peroxissomos e proporcionando detalhes da inibição da atividade motora pelo GTD. Estes resultados contribuem para a compreensão dos determinantes estruturais para o transporte de carga, autoinibição e mecanismos de regulação dos motores de miosina V. Além dos resultados obtidos com a cauda globular, alguns problemas cristalográficos como o problema da fase, pseudosimetria e ordem-desordem cristalina foram abordados (descrito nos Apêndices 9.3 e 9.4). Patologias cristalinas como ordem-desordem parcial ou total podem estar relacionadas à valores elevados de Rfactor e Rfree, mesmo após a conclusão do refinamento, ou mesmo à dificuldade de resolução da estrutura. Problemas de ordem-desordem rotacional parcial e pseudosimetria foram observados em cristais de uma hidrolase glicosídica (TpAbn). Nesse caso, valores satisfatórios de Rfactor e Rfree foram obtidos somente após um minucioso processamento dos dados e redução da simetria. Além disso, os dados dos GTDs das miosinas de classe V foram utilizados como caso teste para o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de faseamento ab initio em média e baixa resolução (2 ¿ 3 Å) em colaboração com o grupo de Prof. Dr. Isabel Usón (IBMB, Barcelona, Espanha). Utilizando o programa ARCIMBOLDO foi possível resolver a estrutura do GTD-MioVb a 2,1 Å utilizando apenas duas hélices de poli-Ala de 22 resíduos (7,5% do conteúdo da unidade assimétrica), mostrando o grande potencial desta metodologia para dados de média a baixa resolução
Abstract: The class V myosins (MyoVs) are widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms from yeast to vertebrates, being one of the most characterized molecular motors of the myosin superfamily. MyoVs play a central role in the intracellular transport of vesicles, organelles, messenger RNA and proteins. MyoVs consist of a coiled-coil-stabilized dimer of two identical heavy chains and their general structure can be divided into three distinct domains: the N-terminal portion or motor domain which binds both actin and ATP; the central portion or neck formed by 6 IQ domains, responsible for the regulation and interaction with calmodulin; and the C-terminal portion that includes the coiled-coil region and the cargo-binding domain also known as globular tail domain (GTD). One of the most important issues still obscure so far is how occurs the interaction between the cargoes and the globular C-terminal domain of myosin V. Here, we have solved the globular tail domain structures of the three human MyoV paralogs (Va, Vb and Vc), revealing subtle structural changes that drive functional differentiation and a novel redox mechanism controlling the GTD dimerization process, which is unique for the MyoVc subclass. The structural changes induced by the phosphorylation of GTD have also been explored, showing that the phosphorylated state is less flexible and may be involved in the regulation of the auto-inhibition mechanism and/or in the recognition of nuclear cargoes. Moreover, the cargo- and motor-binding sites were structurally assigned indicating the conservation of residues involved in the recognition of adaptors for peroxisome transport and providing high-resolution insights into motor domain inhibition by GTD. These results contribute to the understanding of the structural requirements for cargo transport, auto-inhibition and regulatory mechanisms in myosin V motors. In addition to the results obtained with the GTD structures, some crystallographic problems, such as the phase problem, pseudosymmetry and lattice order-disorder were discussed (described in Appendices 9.3 and 9.4). Crystal pathologies such as partial or total order-disorder may be related to high values of Rfactor and Rfree, even at late stages of crystallographic refinement, or even hindering the structure determination. Problems of partial rotational order-disorder and pseudosymmetry were found in TpAbn crystals where only after a careful data processing and symmetry reduction was possible to obtain satisfactory values of residuals (Rfactor and Rfree). Moreover, data from MyoV GTDs were used as a test case for the development of new methodologies for ab initio phasing at medium and low resolution (2 ¿ 3 Å) in collaboration with the group of Prof. Dr. Isabel Usón (IBMB, Barcelona, Spain). Using the program ARCIMBOLDO we have solved the GTD-MioVb structure at 2.1 Å using only two 22-residue-long poly-Ala helix fragments (7.5% of asymmetric unit content), showing the great potential of this methodology for data at medium to low resolution
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular