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Academic literature on the topic 'Types of classes'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Types of classes"

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Läufer, Konstantin. "Type classes with existential types." Journal of Functional Programming 6, no. 3 (May 1996): 485–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800001817.

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AbstractWe argue that the novel combination of type classes and existential types in a single language yields significant expressive power. We explore this combination in the context of higher-order functional languages with static typing, parametric polymorphism, algebraic data types and Hindley–Milner type inference. Adding existential types to an existing functional language that already features type classes requires only a minor syntactic extension. We first demonstrate how to provide existential quantification over type classes by extending the syntax of algebraic data type definitions, and give examples of possible uses. We then develop a type system and a type inference algorithm for the resulting language. Finally, we present a formal semantics by translation to an implicitly-typed second-order λ-calculus and show that the type system is semantically sound. Our extension has been implemented in the Chalmers Haskell B. system, and all examples from this paper have been developed using this system.
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PEYTON JONES, SIMON. "6 Predefined Types and Classes." Journal of Functional Programming 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796803000819.

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Prandy, Kenneth. "Ideal types, stereotypes and classes." British Journal of Sociology 53, no. 4 (December 2002): 583–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0007131022000021498.

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Hyttinen, Tapani. "Types in Abstract Elementary Classes." Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 45, no. 2 (April 2004): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1305/ndjfl/1095386646.

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Gan, Edward, Jesse A. Tov, and Greg Morrisett. "Type Classes for Lightweight Substructural Types." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 176 (February 16, 2015): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.176.4.

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Campion, Tim, and Jinhe Ye. "Homotopy types of abstract elementary classes." Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 225, no. 5 (May 2021): 106461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpaa.2020.106461.

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Ibrahim Hassan, Yousif Atyeib. "Types and Properties of Characteristic Classes." Annals of Pure and Applied Mathematics 14, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.22457/apam.v14n2a12.

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Jakubík, Ján. "On some types of radical classes." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 58, no. 3 (September 2008): 833–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10587-008-0054-3.

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Cortés-Rodriguez, Francisco J. "Revisiting Aktionsart types for lexical classes." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 14, no. 2 (December 23, 2016): 498–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.14.2.09cor.

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A good number of lexical and grammatical models make use of systems of meaning representation which are based on a theory of event structure. Theories of event structure quite often take aspectual features as the backbone for the semantic representation of symbolic units, i.e predicates and constructions. One of the most comprehensive and detailed proposals for the aspectual characterization of both lexical units and argumental constructions can be found in the Lexical Constructional Model, which in turn is based on the system for semantic representations from Role and Reference Grammar. However, such a system presents some drawbacks, which stem mainly from not establishing a neat distinction between what is properly lexical and what is contributed by higher constructional units in the denotation of specific events. Taking such a distinction as a basic premise for a sound characterization of events, in this paper a reassessment of the typology of aspectual classes from these models is made; this critical revision is followed by a hierarchical reorganization of such aspectual classes.
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Bessai, Jan, Boris Düdder, Andrej Dudenhefner, Tzu-Chun Chen, and Ugo de'Liguoro. "Typing Classes and Mixins with Intersection Types." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 177 (March 17, 2015): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.177.7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Types of classes"

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He, Baozhang. "Situation types and aspectual classes of verbs in Mandarin Chinese /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779914827623.

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Massicotte, Frédéric. "Une théorie des types pour les classes de failles dans les cryptoprotocoles." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ55868.pdf.

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Sozeau, Matthieu. "Un environnement pour la programmation avec types dépendants." Paris 11, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640052.

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Les systèmes basés sur la Théorie des Types prennent une importance considérable tant pour la vérification de programmes qu'en tant qu'outils permettant la preuve formelle de théorèmes mettant en jeu des calculs complexes. Ces systèmes nécessitent aujourd'hui une grande expertise pour être utilisés efficacement. Nous développons des constructions de haut niveau permettant d'utiliser les langages basés sur les théories des types dépendants aussi simplement que les langages de programmation fonctionnels usuels, sans sacrifier pour autant la richesse des constructions disponibles dans les premiers. Nous étudions un nouveau langage permettant l'écriture de programmes certifiés en ne donnant que leur squelette algorithmique et leur spécification. Le typage dans ce système donne lieu à la génération automatique d'obligations de preuve pouvant être résolues a posteriori. Nous démontrons les propriétés métathéoriques essentielles du système, dont les preuves sont partiellement mécanisées, et détaillons son implémentation dans l'assistant de preuve Coq. D'autre part, nous décrivons l'intégration et l'extension d'un système de "Type Classes" venu d'Haskell à Coq via une simple interprétation des constructions liées aux classes dans la théorie des types sous-jacente. Nous démontrons l'utilité des classes de types dépendantes pour la spécification et la preuve et présentons une implémentation économique et puissante d'une tactique de réécriture généralisée basée sur les classes. Nous concluons par la mise en œuvre de l'ensemble de ces contributions lors du développement d'une bibliothèque certifiée de manipulation d'une structure de données complexe, les "Finger Trees"
Systems based on dependent type theory are getting considerable attention for the verification of computer programs as well as a practical tool for developing formal mathematical proofs involving complex and expensive computations. These systems still require considerable expertise from the users to be used efficiently. We design high-level constructs permitting to use languages based on dependent type theory as easily as modern functional programming languages, without sacrificing the powerful constructs of the former. We study a new language allowing to build certified programs while writing only their algorithmical squeleton and their specification. Typing in this system gives rise to proof obligations that can be handled interactively a posteriori. We demonstrate the main metatheoretical results on this system, whose proofs are partially mechanized, and present its implementation in the Coq proof assistant. Then we describe an integration and extension of the type classes concept à la Haskell into Coq, providing a simple interpretation of the constructs linked with type classes into the underlying dependent type theory. We demonstrate the usefulness of these dependent type classes for specifications and proofs and present an economical yet powerful implementation of a generalized rewriting tactic based on them. We conclude by employing these contributions in the development of a certified library of a complex data structure called Finger Trees
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Villeneuve, Paul. "Degré d'ajustement de deux types d'échelle d'attitude à différents modèles de classes latentes /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2190284R.html.

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Thèse (M.A.) - Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998.
Le résumé et la table des matières sont disponibles en format électronique sur le site Web de la bibliothèque. CaQTU Bibliographie : f. 74-79.
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Villeneuve, Paul. "Degré d'ajustement de deux types d'échelle d'attitude à différents modèles de classes latentes." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3794/1/000650444.pdf.

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Matthieu, Sozeau. "Un environnement pour la programmation avec types dépendants." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640052.

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Les systèmes basés sur la Théorie des Types prennent une importance considérable tant pour la vérification de programmes qu'en tant qu'outils permettant la preuve formelle de théorèmes mettant en jeu des calculs complexes. Ces systèmes nécessitent aujourd'hui une grande expertise pour être utilisés efficacement. Nous développons des constructions de haut niveau permettant d'utiliser les langages basés sur les théories des types dépendants aussi simplement que les langages de programmation fonctionnels usuels, sans sacrifier pour autant la richesse des constructions disponibles dans les premiers. Nous étudions un nouveau langage permettant l'écriture de programmes certifiés en ne donnant que leur squelette algorithmique et leur spécification. Le typage dans ce système donne lieu à la génération automatique d'obligations de preuve pouvant être résolues a posteriori. Nous démontrons les propriétés métathéoriques essentielles du système, dont les preuves sont partiellement mécanisées, et détaillons son implémentation dans l'assistant de preuve Coq. D'autre part, nous décrivons l'intégration et l'extension d'un système de "Type Classes" venu d'Haskell à Coq via une simple interprétation des constructions liées aux classes dans la théorie des types sous-jacente. Nous démontrons l'utilité des classes de types dépendantes pour la spécification et la preuve et présentons une implémentation économique et puissante d'une tactique de réécriture généralisée basée sur les classes. Nous concluons par la mise en œuvre de l'ensemble de ces contributions lors du développement d'une bibliothèque certifiée de manipulation d'une structure de données complexe, les "Finger Trees".
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Delgado, Diana. "Subsitution of stimulus functions as a means to distinguish among different types of functional classes /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/dissertations/fullcit/1430443.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005.
"May, 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-49). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
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Maurinot, Franck. "Étude du lignage des cellules progénitrices rétiniennes chez le poulet : origine des classes et types neuronaux." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS275.

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Les mécanismes régulant la génération des différents types neuronaux du système nerveux pendant le développement des vertébrés sont encore mal connus. Au cours de cette thèse, la composition et l’organisation des clones de neurones générés par des cellules progénitrices rétiniennes (RPC) individuelles ont été étudiées chez le poulet avec la stratégie Brainbow. Celle-ci permet de marquer de façon permanente les RPC avec des combinaisons de couleurs distinctes pour suivre leur lignage. Des approches ont été développées pour : 1) déclencher le marquage Brainbow à différents stades de développement ou dans des RPC spécifiques ; 2) caractériser en 3D l’organisation cellulaire des clones rétiniens et identifier les types cellulaires générés. Une dispersion tangentielle inédite des RPC a été mise en évidence dans le neuroépithélium rétinien avant la phase de neurogenèse, conduisant à l’intercalation uniforme des clones. La composition des clones a été analysée pour comprendre si les RPC précoces pourraient être biaisées à générer certains types neuronaux et contribuer par leur intercalation à leur répartition régulière dans la rétine. Ce travail a permis l'étude des potentialités d’une population de progéniteurs neuraux et l’exploration des liens entre développement précoce et organisation d’un tissu par de nouvelles approches applicables à des problématiques variées
The mechanisms regulating the generation of the different types of neurons of the vertebrate nervous system during development are still poorly understood. In this thesis, the composition and organization of clones of neurons generated by retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) in chicken embryos were characterized with the Brainbow strategy. This technique enables to permanently label RPCs with distinct colour combinations in order to individually track their lineage. New approaches were developed to: 1) trigger Brainbow labels at different stages of development or in genetically identified RPCs; 2) characterize in 3D the organization of retinal clones and identify the neuronal types that they comprise. My results provide evidence for a previously uncharacterized phase of tangential dispersion of RPCs in the retinal neuroepithelium before neurogenesis, leading to uniform intercalation of retinal clones. The composition of these clones was analyzed to understand whether early RPCs could be biased to generate certain neural types and, through intercalation, contribute to their regular distribution in the retina. This study sheds light on the potentialities of a population of neural progenitors and on the possible links between the early development and mature cellular organization of a tissue through new approaches applicable to diverse problematics
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Cooper, Lynn Sharon Marcia. "Adult reading acquisition : a study of error types and related difficulties of adults enrolled in literacy classes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18800.

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Ma, Qin. "Classes concurrentes et appel par filtrage dans le join calcul." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077072.

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Books on the topic "Types of classes"

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Rowledge, J. W. P. LMS engines: Names, numbers, types & classes. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1989.

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Machonin, Pavel. Historical comparison of social stratification types in Czechoslovakia 1967-1984-1991. Prague: Institute of Sociology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1992.

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Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), ed. Validating visual disturbance types and classes used for forest soil monitoring protocols. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012.

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Menkene, Jean Koufan. L'éducation à la citoyenneté en classes terminales: Leçons modèles et exercises types. Yaoundé, Cameroun: Proximité, 2005.

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Yurenkova, Lyubov', Viktor Burlay, Vladimir Fedorenko, and Aleksey Andreev. Engineering graphics: Atlas of assembly units with different types of connections of parts. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/953403.

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The tutorial contains drawings of assembly units with a description of their design. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the connections of the parts. Examples of assembly units containing a small number of parts are used to describe the most common types of connections in the designs of machines and devices out of several dozen currently known. The atlas will allow you to introduce students to various modern types of connections of parts in a short time during classes. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in an enlarged group of training areas 15.00.00 "Mechanical Engineering".
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Pazuhina, Svetlana. Psychological and pedagogical theories and technologies of primary education (tasks and exercises for practical classes and independent work of students). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1002499.

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The educational and methodological manual on the discipline "Psychological and pedagogical theories and technologies of primary education" includes the development of practical classes; a set of tasks and exercises of different types for performing in the course of classroom and extracurricular work in subgroups, pairs, individually; a set of diagnostic and control and evaluation materials. Using the tasks developed by the authors in the course of organizing independent work will allow you to build an individual learning trajectory for each student, implement a differentiated approach in practice, introduce modern technologies for evaluating the educational achievements of future teachers and identifying the level of professional competencies. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the bachelor's degree programs "Pedagogical education", "Psychological and pedagogical education".
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Gagarina, Larisa, and Mariya Slyusar'. Fundamentals of information technology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1056856.

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The textbook discusses fundamental concepts in the field of information, information technologies and systems, purpose, properties, structure, components, types and classes. As the fundamental features of the classification of technologies and systems, the spheres of application and types of processed information are used. The issues related to the use of information technologies and the development of integrated corporate information systems are described in detail. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students of technical colleges studying in the specialty "Programming in computer systems", as well as students of economic colleges and universities.
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Heller, Steven. Shadow type: Classic three-dimensional lettering. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2013.

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Finite groups of Lie type: Conjugacy classes and complex characters. Chichester: Wiley, 1993.

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Finite groups of Lie type: Conjugacy classes and complex characters. Chichester [West Sussex]: Wiley, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Types of classes"

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Lischner, Ray. "Classes and Types." In Exploring C++ 11, 263–72. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6194-0_39.

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Lischner, Ray. "Classes and Types." In Exploring C++20, 285–94. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5961-0_40.

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Conway, Richard, Teun Duynstee, Ben Hyrman, Roger Rowland, and James Speer. "Defining Types." In C# Class Design Handbook: Coding Effective Classes, 7–53. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-1124-2_2.

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Allison, Damon, Andy Olsen, and James Speer. "Defining Types." In Visual Basic .NET Class Design Handbook: Coding Effective Classes, 6–41. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-0780-1_2.

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Läufer, Konstantin, and Martin Odersky. "Type Classes are Signatures of Abstract Types." In Declarative Programming, Sasbachwalden 1991, 148–62. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3794-8_10.

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Torra, Vicenç. "Types and Classes Revisited: Polymorphism." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 69–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46481-7_5.

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Weitz, Edmund. "Chapter 13: Objects, Classes, Types." In Common Lisp Recipes, 361–95. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1176-2_13.

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Horton, Ivor. "Classes: Defining Your Own Data Types." In Ivor Horton’s Beginning ANSI C++: The Complete Language, 515–75. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-0656-9_12.

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Isman, Kenneth E. "Types and Classes of Standpipe Systems." In Standpipe Systems for Fire Protection, 17–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47750-3_2.

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Hertrampf, Ulrich. "Complexity classes with finite acceptance types." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 543–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57785-8_170.

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Conference papers on the topic "Types of classes"

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Gonzalez-Cabrera, Nestor, and G. Gutierrez-Alcaraz. "Nodal reliability pricing for multiple available types of classes end-users." In 2010 International Conference on Power System Technology - (POWERCON 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/powercon.2010.5666581.

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Nestor Gonzalez Cabrera and G. Gutierrez-Alcaraz. "Effect assessment of demand response on nodal prices by types of classes." In 2011 North American Power Symposium (NAPS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/naps.2011.6024895.

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Bidarra, Rafael, Abdelfettah Idri, Alex Noort, and Willem F. Bronsvoort. "Declarative User-Defined Feature Classes." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/cie-5705.

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Abstract Designing mechanical parts using a feature vocabulary is a very effective and rich paradigm. Its expressive power, however, is severely limited if the set of feature types available in a feature library is fixed. It is, therefore, desirable to be able to extend and configure a feature library according to particular requirements, either of an end-user of a CAD system or of an application area. These requirements are not limited to topologic and parametric aspects of a generic feature definition, but include also validity conditions to be verified for each feature instance in a model. This paper proposes a new declarative scheme for the definition of feature classes. This scheme provides a unified description of the shape and validity issues of a feature class, as well as a flexible configuration of the feature class interface. In the definition process, the various constraint classes available play a central role, whereas an inheritance mechanism structures the feature library hierarchy. At the end of the process, validation of the class is performed, in order to avoid over- and underconstrained specifications. A graphical user interface supports the whole feature class definition process. Once defined, a feature class is automatically made available for use in a feature library of the modeling system.
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Bono, Roser, María Isabel Núñez-Peña, and Macarena Suárez-Pellicioni. "Rubrics use and in-class feedback in higher education: Students’ perceptions and their effect on academic achievement." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5198.

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This study examines students’ views regarding two types of feedback: that obtained through rubrics and that given by the class tutor (rubrics and in-class feedback, respectively). We constructed an ad hoc questionnaire to assess students’ perceived usefulness of both types of feedback. The sample comprised 135 undergraduates from the University of Barcelona who were enrolled in a Research Designs course as part of the degree in Psychology. On almost all the questionnaire items the percentage of positive views was high for both types of feedback, although especially for in-class feedback. As for academic achievement, we observed no statistically significant differences between those students who only used rubrics, those who attended feedback classes and those who received both types of feedback. However, the latter left fewer questions unanswered in the multiple-choice exam, as compared with their peers who only used rubrics. Finally, those students who felt that the use of rubrics and feedback classes had helped them feel less anxious about exams obtained higher grades.
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Tarasova, Iuliia, Vyacheslav Andreev, Andrey Chechin, and Denis Toskin. "Algorithms for Automated Differentiation of Subtypes and Improving the Overall Accuracy of Image Classification in Career Guidance." In 31th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2021-3027-387-398.

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The paper discusses the problems and prospects of implementing a hybrid classifier for career guidance testing according to the author's method «Associative color space». The authors set themselves the following goals: to increase the accuracy of determining the main classes and to identify subtypes that have visual similarities, but significant differences in terms of the characteristics of the work style. To improve the accuracy of determining the problem class of images, 11 special filters were developed and implemented in order to identify implicit features of the class. The use of these filters additionally solved the problem of distinguishing visually similar subtypes of the two main classes, which makes it possible to further automate not only the definition of the main class with optimal accuracy, but also the subtype, which will allow for a more thorough diagnosis of career guidance and provide the subjects with more specific characteristics and recommendations regarding their work style. Analyzing the results of the experiments, the authors hypothesized about the possibility of creating a three-dimensional map of types and subtypes, where there could be areas of pronounced types, subtypes, as well as transitional types with special characteristics that allow avoiding the result of a «mixed» type for the subjects.
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Dorofeeva, E. "TYPES OF STUDENTS’ SELF-STUDY ACTIVITY IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES IN HIGHER SCHOOL." In SOCIOINT 2020- 7th International Conference on Education and Education of Social Sciences. International Organization Center of Academic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46529/socioint.2020117.

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Shi, Min, Yufei Tang, Xingquan Zhu, David Wilson, and Jianxun Liu. "Multi-Class Imbalanced Graph Convolutional Network Learning." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/398.

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Networked data often demonstrate the Pareto principle (i.e., 80/20 rule) with skewed class distributions, where most vertices belong to a few majority classes and minority classes only contain a handful of instances. When presented with imbalanced class distributions, existing graph embedding learning tends to bias to nodes from majority classes, leaving nodes from minority classes under-trained. In this paper, we propose Dual-Regularized Graph Convolutional Networks (DR-GCN) to handle multi-class imbalanced graphs, where two types of regularization are imposed to tackle class imbalanced representation learning. To ensure that all classes are equally represented, we propose a class-conditioned adversarial training process to facilitate the separation of labeled nodes. Meanwhile, to maintain training equilibrium (i.e., retaining quality of fit across all classes), we force unlabeled nodes to follow a similar latent distribution to the labeled nodes by minimizing their difference in the embedding space. Experiments on real-world imbalanced graphs demonstrate that DR-GCN outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in node classification, graph clustering, and visualization.
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Das, Shuvra. "Experiences of Teaching Hands-on Classes in Places Where They Are Rare." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24492.

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Abstract Engineering education in many countries still follows a traditional model where the curriculum is broadly divided into lecture-based theory classes and laboratory classes where experiments are conducted by students using step by step instructions. This type of curriculum has heavy emphasis on theory and less on exploration, application and design. In this model, opportunities for students to do hands-on activities such as building hardware and deal with troubleshooting, writing simulation models and learning by failing, etc. are quite limited. Also, many instructors in these systems are uncomfortable to adopt more hands-on teaching for the fear of failure. In 2019, in China, I taught a freshmen-level course on Introduction to Robotics using Arduino-based hardware where the students had to work in teams to build and program a mobile robot using parts that were provided to them. In 2020, I taught two classes in India for junior/senior level students on Modeling and Simulation of Mechatronic Systems and Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Vehicles, respectively. In both courses the students spent over 80% of class time developing models and running simulations. In all three courses, enrolling about 60 students each, extensive survey-based assessment showed students are hungry for this type of hands-on experience and would be embracing these types of classes with a lot of enthusiasm. This paper discusses the details of the three classes and results from all the survey-based assessments that were done in the courses.
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Whitney, Daniel E., Gaurav Shukla, and Stefan von Praun. "A Design Procedure Applicable to Different Classes of Assemblies." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/cie-21304.

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Abstract One of the most difficult problems which designers of complex mechanical assemblies face routinely is not to be aware of when they are committing mistakes. More and more dependence of designers on CAD systems further aggravates the problem of committing the mistake of not giving proper attention to the kinematic structure of the assembly. This article presents design phases for assemblies according to a top-down design process and the generic steps that constitute different design phases. A comprehensive classification of mechanical assemblies follows the outline of the steps of the design process. This classification also defines the characteristics of different types of assemblies and most importantly it identifies the possible mistakes that designers may commit. A separate classification of different procedures for meeting assembly tolerances is also presented. This article will not only talk about the classifications but it will also enlist information about various techniques that can be used to analyze different types of assemblies. Together, these sets of classifications outline a comprehensive design procedure that will help designers of assemblies in making sure that they justify their design decisions. This paper also links the steps in the design process to specific tools developed in previous papers.
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Chetrosu, Anca Nicoleta. "Types of didactic activities that lead to the development of scientific thinking in Romanian language and literature classes." In Condiții pedagogice de optimizare a învățării în post criză pandemică prin prisma dezvoltării gândirii științifice. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.18-06-2021.p45-48.

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This paper aims to highlight the importance of scientific thinking in the act of teaching, learning and assessment in Romanian Language and Literature classes. The first part of the article addresses the necessary steps to be taken in the development of scientific thinking, as well as its characteristics. The second part presents the types of teaching activities that facilitate the transfer from theory to practice, as well as a list of learning apps that can be used in literature classes.
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Reports on the topic "Types of classes"

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Lhotka, L., and P. Špaček. YANG Types for DNS Classes and Resource Record Types. RFC Editor, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc9108.

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Nystrom, M., and B. Kaliski. PKCS #9: Selected Object Classes and Attribute Types Version 2.0. RFC Editor, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2985.

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Page-Dumroese, D. S., A. M. Abbott, M. P. Curran, and M. F. Jurgensen. Validating visual disturbance types and classes used for forest soil monitoring protocols. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-267.

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Neroda, Tetyana V., Lidia V. Slipchyshyn, and Ivan O. Muzyka. Adaptive toolkit of branch-oriented workshop environment for enlargement the cloud-based e-learning media platform. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4449.

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The ways of providing comprehensive efficiency increase in communication facilities of the academic space are given with regard to stipulated methods of managing distributed network resources. Selected the user interfaces types are distinguished according to user actions in the studied subject area, which made it possible to justify and hierarchically organize the categories of adaptive toolkit of the branch- oriented workshop environment by the classes of components declared in the project, which are closely related to the scheme of learning experiment and are basic means for simulating transients. The analytical models of classes of components of the virtual laboratory stand are compiled, the elements of which represent the properties and methods for visualization and further processing of interacting instances of the basic locations of the subject area, while ensuring system stability and controllability by clear distribution of functionality. Finally, the unification of component set template properties of the subject area is implemented, which greatly extending the targeted destination of virtual platform and increasing number of educational disciplines of academic course covered by the designed media resource. The results of the pedagogical verification showed an increase in the students’ performance in mastering the subject area by means of presented branch-oriented workshop environment.
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Kharchenko, Yuliya V., Olena M. Babenko, and Arnold E. Kiv. Using Blippar to create augmented reality in chemistry education. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4630.

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This paper presents an analysis of the possibilities and advantages of augmented reality technologies and their implementation in training of future Chemistry and Biology teachers. The study revealed that the use of augmented reality technologies in education creates a number of advantages, such as: visualization of educational material; interesting and attractive learning process; increasing student motivation to study and others. Several augmented reality applications were analyzed. The Blippar app has been determined to have great benefits: it’s free; the interface is simple and user-friendly; the possibility of using different file types; the possibility of combining a large amount of information and logically structuring it; loading different types of information: video, images, 3D models, links to sites, etc. Thus, convenient interactive projects were developed using the Blippar application, which were called study guide with AR elements, and implemented in teaching chemical disciplines such as Laboratory Chemical Practice and Organic Chemistry. Using such study guide with AR elements during classes in a real chemical laboratory is safe and does not require expensive glassware. The student interviews revealed that the use of the Blippar application facilitated new material understanding, saved time needed to learn material, and was an effective addition to real-life learning.
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Sladen, W. E., R. J. H. Parker, P. D. Morse, S V Kokelj, and S. L. Smith. Geomorphic feature inventory along the Dempster and Inuvik to Tuktoyaktuk highway corridor, Yukon and Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329969.

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Thaw of permafrost and associated ground ice melt can reduce ground stability, modify terrain, and reconfigure drainage patterns affecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and presenting challenges to northern infrastructure and societies. The integrity of ground-based transportation infrastructure is critical to northern communities. Geomorphic features can indicate ground ice presence and thaw susceptibility. This Geological Survey of Canada Open File presents the digital georeferenced database of landforms identified in continuous permafrost terrain using high-resolution satellite imagery. The database is for a 10 km-wide corridor centered on the Dempster and Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk highways. This 875 km-long transect traverses a variety of geological and physiographic terrain types, including glaciated and non-glaciated terrain, in the northcentral Yukon and northwestern Northwest Territories, where variation in climate, relief, ecology, and disturbance have produced a variety of periglacial conditions. We identified geomorphic features in high-resolution (0.6 m) satellite imagery visualized in 3D, and digitized them in ArcGIS. We used custom Python scripts to populate the attributes for each geomorphic feature. A total of 8746 features were mapped by type and categorized within three main classes: hydrological (n = 1188), mass movement (n = 2435), and periglacial (n = 5123). Features were identified at 1:10 000 and mapped at 1:5000. This report presents the geospatial database in ESRI shapefile, Keyhole Markup Language (KML), and comma-delineated formats.
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League, Christopher, Zhong Shao, and Valery Trifonov. Representing Java Classes in a Typed Intermediate Language. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436495.

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Morris, John Garrett. Type Classes and Instance Chains: A Relational Approach. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1010.

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Malabarba, Scott, Raju Pandey, Jeff Gragg, Earl Barr, and J. F. Barnes. Runtime Support for Type-Safe Dynamic Java Classes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada474895.

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Rigotti, Christophe, and Mohand-Saïd Hacid. Representing and Reasoning on Conceptual Queries Over Image Databases. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.89.

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The problem of content management of multimedia data types (e.g., image, video, graphics) is becoming increasingly important with the development of advanced multimedia applications. Traditional database management systems are inadequate for the handling of such data types. They require new techniques for query formulation, retrieval, evaluation, and navigation. In this paper we develop a knowledge-based framework for modeling and retrieving image data by content. To represent the various aspects of an image object's characteristics, we propose a model which consists of three layers: (1) Feature and Content Layer, intended to contain image visual features such as contours, shapes,etc.; (2) Object Layer, which provides the (conceptual) content dimension of images; and (3) Schema Layer, which contains the structured abstractions of images, i.e., a general schema about the classes of objects represented in the object layer. We propose two abstract languages on the basis of description logics: one for describing knowledge of the object and schema layers, and the other, more expressive, for making queries. Queries can refer to the form dimension (i.e., information of the Feature and Content Layer) or to the content dimension (i.e., information of the Object Layer). These languages employ a variable free notation, and they are well suited for the design, verification and complexity analysis of algorithms. As the amount of information contained in the previous layers may be huge and operations performed at the Feature and Content Layer are time-consuming, resorting to the use of materialized views to process and optimize queries may be extremely useful. For that, we propose a formal framework for testing containment of a query in a view expressed in our query language. The algorithm we propose is sound and complete and relatively efficient.
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