Academic literature on the topic 'Type of outsourcing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Type of outsourcing"
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Kabiraj, Tarun, and Uday Bhanu Sinha. "Outsourcing under incomplete information." Indian Growth and Development Review 10, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-03-2017-0014.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that outsourcing can occur as outcome of a separating or pooling perfect Bayesian equilibrium although it is not profitable under complete information. Therefore, asymmetric information can itself be a reason for outsourcing. Design/methodology/approach The present paper constructs a model of two firms interacting in the product market under asymmetric information where one firm has private information about its technological capability, and it has the option to produce inputs in-house or buy inputs from an input market. However, using outsourced inputs involves a fixed cost at the plant level. The model solves for perfect Bayesian equilibrium. Findings There are situations when under complete information, outsourcing of the input will not occur, but, under incomplete information, either only the low-cost type or both high and low-cost types will go for outsourcing, and there always exist reasonable beliefs supporting these equilibria. In particular, when the fixed cost is neither too small not too large, a separating equilibrium occurs in which the low-cost type outsources inputs from the input market but the high-cost type produces in-house; hence, outsourcing signals the firm’s type. Outsourcing by only the high-cost type firm will never occur in equilibrium. Originality/value That incomplete or asymmetric information can itself be a reason for strategic outsourcing is never identified in the literature. The present paper is an attempt to fill this gap and raise the issue of outsourcing in an incomplete information environment.
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Paek, Byungjoo, Joohyun Kim, Joonyoung Park, and Heesang Lee. "Outsourcing Strategies of Established Firms and Sustainable Competitiveness: Medical Device Firms." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 4550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174550.
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Successful outsourcing strategy is a key enabler of sustainable competitiveness of established firms engaged in technology-intensive business. This study proposes a research framework of a successful outsourcing process composed of resources, dynamic capabilities and created values, from a review of relevant literature and in-depth case study of four leading medical device firms. The research results specify four outsourcing types according to the characteristics of outsourced resources, and their alignment with resources owned by the outsourcer. Each type of outsourcing is positively affected by the outsourcer’s dynamic capabilities, namely sensing, integrating capability, absorptive capability and technology transfer capability. In addition, the significance of the outsourcee’s size according to each outsourcing type is also found. As a result of successful outsourcing experience, the outsourcer can reap the benefits of enhanced dynamic capabilities, i.e., market-oriented innovation, strategic flexibility, agility and increased efficiency, thereby creating a virtuous cycle of sustainable competitiveness in a volatile environment.
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Pererva, Petro, Volodymyr Kuchynskyi, Tetiana Kobielieva, Andriy Kosenko, and Olga Maslak. "Economic substantiation of outsourcing the information technologies and logistic services in the intellectual and innovative activities of an enterprise." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 13(112) (August 31, 2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.239164.
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It has been proven that modern information and logistic technologies are the most important resource of the post-industrial society. It was proved that not every enterprise has a possibility to ensure its information and logistic activities using its own capabilities, so the possibilities of using outsourcing systems are becoming especially relevant. General features of outsourcing of information technologies and logistic services were determined. The most important of them include the mandatory existence of interaction between a supplier and a customer regarding the business processes of an enterprise. It was substantiated that several important types of outsourcing are used in the area of intellectual innovation activities of enterprises: complete and partial outsourcing, outsourcing of a joint type, outsourcing of the intermediate type, outsourcing of intellectual and innovative type. The method for synthesis of indicators of economic efficiency of outsourcing of information and logistic services of direct and indirect action for the economic evaluation of its effectiveness was proposed. This approach makes it possible to fully evaluate the benefits of outsourcing in comparison with the variant when they are implemented by an enterprise using its own capabilities. The basis of the proposed method is the ratio of indicators that reproduce the advantages obtained due to outsourcing. The implementation of this method makes it possible to ensure an important relationship between the process of development of information or logistic service and the required quality. Studies conducted at the enterprises of the Kharkiv industrial region showed that only three out of eight studied enterprises have economic grounds for using outsourcing. From the economic point of view, it is more expedient for other enterprises to carry out information (logistic) provision of their activities using their own resources.
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Lok, Ka Leung, and David Baldry. "Facilities management outsourcing relationships in the higher education institutes." Facilities 33, no. 13/14 (October 5, 2015): 819–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-05-2014-0043.
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Purpose – This paper aims to test the nine corollaries concerning the determinants of outsourcing relationship dimensions, strategic manoeuvres, clients’ and service providers’ evaluation regarding outsourcing category and outsourcing relationship types.The paper has the purpose of reviewing the concept of outsourcing in relation to FM, dealing with service providers’ performance and its effect on clients before providing a comprehensive discussion of outsourcing. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual approach is adopted, suggesting that a study of outsourcing relationship between clients and service providers from these theoretical perspectives is used to develop corollaries about the relationships between the strategic manoeuvres identified and the different dimensions of outsourcing relationship. The corollaries are examined using non-parametric tests. Findings – The model of the facilities management (FM) outsourcing relationships presented in the paper shows performance of outsourcing services through evaluation of outsourcing categories on current and future FM contracts of clients and service providers. As a template of outsourcing relationships, the model is the context for predicting the important outsourcing categories to the future four FM outsourcing contracts, such as building maintenance, security, cleaning and catering. On prediction of those FM contracts, there is an inclination to the types of in-house and technical expertise on category of FM outsourcing relationship types from clients, whilst there is an equal inclination to the type of in-house outsourcing category from service providers. Originality/value – Management on outsourcing relationships between clients and service providers is now essential for effective outsourcing in FM. This paper provides an intriguing insight into how the effect of outsourcing relationships can be strategically implemented into the performance of service providers.
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Kim, Changhee, Hyunjung Kim, and Kanghwa Choi. "Efficiency Analysis of Public Library Services Based on Establishing Entity and Outsourcing." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 9205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219205.
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This study investigates the difference in service efficiency based on establishing entity and outsourcing in 847 public libraries in Korea. The public libraries were categorized into three types based on establishing entity and outsourcing, where Type 1 libraries are those established and directly managed by the Office of Education under the central government, Type 2 libraries are established and directly managed by local governments, and Type 3 libraries are established by local governments and their operations are outsourced. Each library type was analyzed and compared using data envelopment analysis (DEA), and results found that public libraries established by local governments are more efficient than those established by the central government, while outsourcing operations improved the efficiency of public libraries. Further analysis of the projection point and excess quantity of input showed that the main cause of inefficiency for Type 1 libraries is the library area, and for Types 2 and 3, the number of periodicals. This study provides guidelines for the sustainable performance of public library services based on the factors of foundation and operational patterns.
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Susomrith, Pattanee, and Alan Brown. "The core processes adopted for outsourcing HRM in Australia and its outcomes." Management Decision 55, no. 7 (August 21, 2017): 1521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2016-0333.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discover the types of HR outsourcing processes employed by Australian organisations and their relationship to outsourcing outcomes. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based upon the results of a survey of medium to large Australian organisations. The survey data were analysed using quantitative analysis to extract the types of HR outsourcing processes, outcomes, and their relationship. Findings The analyses identified three types of HR outsourcing processes: screening and selecting, strategic fit, and managing and monitoring. The “strategic fit” process exhibited the strongest relationship to the HR outsourcing outcome followed by the “managing and monitoring” process. The “screening and selecting” did not correlate with HR outsourcing outcome. For each type of HR outsourcing process no correlation was found with the outsourced HR functions. It was found that the most important criteria for selecting an outsourced service provider were trustworthiness, reputation in the industry, cost structure, and history with the organisation. The least important criteria were the service provider’s financial position and cultural similarity with the organisation. Research limitations/implications The research design acquired information from a single participant from each organisation which may result in a one-dimensional view. In addition, the data were collected from Australian organisations limiting its generalisation globally. Environmental and political factors were not included in the study. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to consider the influence of these factors on the HR outsourcing process. Practical implications The discovered HR outsourcing processes, although different from the generic HR outsourcing model, can be used by organisations to outsource HR functions in a more efficient and effective manner within the Australian context. The research results also indicate the importance for service providers to develop a good reputation and establish trust. Originality/value This study is the first quantitative research that determines the specific HR outsourcing processes and how they related to the HR outsourcing outcome in medium to large Australian organisations. The identification of these process types is unique and useful in validating and refining HR outsourcing knowledge within the Australian context.
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Liu, Chen, Baofeng Huo, Shulin Liu, and Xiande Zhao. "Effect of information sharing and process coordination on logistics outsourcing." Industrial Management & Data Systems 115, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-08-2014-0233.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test how integrative mechanisms, including information sharing and process coordination, influence logistics outsourcing, and how logistics outsourcing influence performance from an extended RBV perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The structural equation modeling (SEM) method is used to examine the proposed model, based on data collected from 361 companies in greater China. Findings – Integrative mechanisms are helpful for logistics outsourcing (basic, customized, and advanced outsourcing). Specially, information sharing contributes to customized and advanced outsourcing, but has no significant effect on basic outsourcing. In contrast, process coordination improves basic and advanced outsourcing, but insignificantly influences customized outsourcing. Besides, each type of logistics outsourcing has differently effects on 3PL users’ performance. This study contributes to 3PL theories and practices. Originality/value – This study empirically examines the antecedents and the outcomes of logistics outsourcing, contributing to 3PL literature and practices.
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Hastuti, Tri, Yos Johan Utama, M. Mashari, and H. Hersugondo. "Outsourcing Practices in State-Owned Enterprises: Evidence From Indonesia." Research in World Economy 11, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n3p224.
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This study is subject to find the factors that cause the inability of the Government in determining the type of work in the job chartering (outsourcing) by the Business Sector Association to create a flow of work activities. The authority of the Business Sector Association in making the flow of activities that determine itself the type of core work (core business) and supporting work (non-core business) when violations occur so it needs to be limited by the Government through agencies that are experts in their fields. This research method used a socio legal approach since it involved a reciprocal relationship between law and related social institutions. This research is considered as a descriptive study that described the object studied in several companies of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) that applied outsourcing practices in the city of Semarang. The results of the study found that the practice of outsourcing in the city of Semarang has identified several violations namely the existence of the Business Sector Association in determining the type of core work (core business) to be a supporting work (non-core business) so that it violated Article 65 paragraph (3) of Law Number 13 Year 2003 concerning The Employment. The inability of the Government in outsourcing practices is dominated by corporate strategy factors through the Business Sector Association in making the flow of activities that should use the outsourcing system for types of supporting work (non core business) to become core work (core business) by using outsourcing and supporting systems (non core business) by the Business Sector Association in creating the flow of activities to determine for themselves the type of core work (core business) so that there would be an efficiency and optimization of the core business activities of a company.
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Elitzur, Ramy, and Anthony Wensley. "Game Theory as a Tool for Understanding Information Services Outsourcing." Journal of Information Technology 12, no. 1 (March 1997): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629701200104.
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In recent years, game theory has provided valuable insights into many different types of organizational arrangements. In this paper we investigate some of the ways in which game theory can help us to understand the structure and function of information systems outsourcing arrangements. We provide a brief review of two-person non-cooperative game theory. We discuss the basic concepts of dominance and Nash equilibria. In particular we stress the importance of the information structure of two-person games. We then provide a general game-theoretic interpretation of many key aspects of information systems outsourcing arrangements. In particular, we investigate the rationales behind many of the different ways of determining fees and the effects of the transfer of assets between the outsourcing company and the outsourcing vendor. Finally, we discuss how one particular type of non-cooperative two-person game might be useful as a model of information systems outsourcing arrangements. This model, the principal-agent model, has been extensively studied and in the hands of the authors has provided some initial insights into information systems outsourcing arrangements.
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Shushakova, I. K., A. Y. Hryn, and D. V. Kolomiiets. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Accounting Outsourcing." Business Inform 11, no. 526 (2021): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-11-327-334.
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The article is devoted to theoretical and practical issues of evaluating the effectiveness of accounting outsourcing. The purpose of the article is to study methodical approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of the use of accounting outsourcing – a contemporary form of accounting organization at domestic enterprises. The approaches to interpretation of the essence of accounting outsourcing in scientific papers are researched. The authors’ own definition of accounting outsourcing is presented, whereby the form of conduct of accounting is understood, which involves the transfer of certain or all accounting functions and risks to an outsourcer, who will minimize costs and increase competitiveness at a defined price for a certain period of time. The organizational and functional aspects included in the accounting outsourcing are determined. Types of accounting outsourcing are characterized. The theoretical principles of evaluation of the effectiveness of accounting outsourcing in scientific literature are studied. The analysis of practical aspects of evaluating the effectiveness of accounting outsourcing made it possible to identify methodological approaches to such an evaluation. The list of costs borne by the enterprise when introducing the accounting service in the organizational structure of the enterprise is closer defined. The formula for calculating the economic effect of accounting outsourcing is elaborated. An example of calculating the economic effect of accounting outsourcing when deciding on the use of accounting services on the terms of outsourcing is provided. It is determined that the use of the elaborated formula ensures the improvement of the effectiveness of use of accounting outsourcing as a form of accounting organization for newly established, small and medium-sized enterprises and the type of economic activity for external entities.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Type of outsourcing"
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Staufer, Adrian. "Externe Innovationsdienstleistungen." Zürich, 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13537.
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Miralam, Mohammad. "An exploratory study into buyer and supplier relationship problems : causes, control strategies and effects in Saudi Arabian companies." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3558.
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Around the world, companies are rapidly moving towards outsourcing to enhance their competitive position in the market through reduction in product development cycle times (costs), demands for better quality, improvement in supply chain management and higher expectations from more discriminating and demanding customers (Lyons and Krachenberg, 1990). An outsourcing mechanism consists of two parties, buyer and supplier. Hence, the success of the buyer and supplier relationship is the main factor to achieve successful outsourcing operations. This research studies the buyer and supplier relationship in each relationship type in the Saudi Arabian market; market exchange, captive buyer, strategic partnership and captive supplier. The main objective of this research was to study in depth buyer and supplier relationships (outsourcing) by discovering which problems exist in each type of relationship, how they can be controlled and what are their effects. It examines and tests certain factors associated with the relationships, such as incentives for their creation, relationship problems, cause of problems, problem control mechanisms and finally the effects of these problems on the buyer, the relationship and the market. The methodology used in this study was as follows: an interpretative research philosophy, an inductive research approach and an exploratory research strategy. Semi-structured interviews were found to be the most appropriate method of data collection because they enabled the researcher to gather valid and reliable data. The research model involved all the components affecting the buyer and supplier relationship. These components were categorized and classified in a meaningful way, describing the flow of the relationship from the research perspective in terms of testing the effect of each component in the relationship between buyer and supplier in general and its effect on the category to which it belongs. The data was collected from purchasing employees on the buyers’ side and sales employees on the suppliers’ side. The total number of participating buyer and supplier firms was 57, distributed across manufacturing and service industries. The first data collection phase involved all the buyer data and the second following up, reviewing and completing the data that the researcher thought had been missed during the first phase of interviews, and which needed to be explained more fully by the interviewees. This phase also involved collecting all the supplier data. 40 interviews were conducted to collect buyer data within three months. The 40 interviews involved 88 recorded hours, and each buyer discussed 4 relationships (not necessarily 4 different types of relationship), resulting in a total of 64 market exchange, 30 captive buyer, 22 strategic relationship and 44 captive supplier relationships, accounting for the total of 160 different types of relationships across the 40 different buyers. Supplier data was collected by conducting 17 interviews within 27 days. The 17 interviews involved 34 recorded hours. While the researcher was analyzing the data collected, a special case in market exchange relationship was found. In this case, buyers preferred to deal with suppliers under a captive buyer relationship though the relationship characteristics were market exchange relationship because of their interests. The researcher also found that Saudi firms are the same as other firms in the rest of the world. They are trying to maximize their competitiveness in the market by improving product or service quality and speed of delivery, reducing product or service costs and enhancing decision making efficiency. Additionally, it was found that relationship incentives, arising from buyer wishes or compulsory reasons, create any one of the buyer and supplier relationship types, which were other than what has been mentioned in the outsourcing reasons in the literature. In addition, the researcher also found that relationship incentives might cause problems, so the buyer should be more careful with them. Additionally, there are also other causes that might create agency problems than those mentioned in previous studies. At the same time, it was observed that there are new control mechanisms, not previously discussed in the literature. The study found that the outsourcing relationship is affected negatively, and there are other effects than those mentioned in the literature by Tezuka (1997). In addition, the researcher found that because of the ‘agency’ system in Saudi Arabia its economy is affected negatively. Finally, the original research conceptual model was found applicable to all types of relationship.
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Прохоренко, Олена Вікторівна. "Управління аутсорсингом на машинобудівному підприємстві." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/18173.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – Економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". – Харків, 2015.
Дисертацію присвячено удосконаленню теоретико-методичних положень і розробці практичних рекомендацій з управління аутсорсингом в діяльності машинобудівних підприємств. У роботі проаналізовані інтеграційні процеси на промислових підприємствах України, визначено сутність і організаційно-правові основи аутсорсингу. Сформовано типологію аутсорсингу на основі організаційних і якісних класифікаційних ознак, запропоновано теоретико-методичні підходи до прийняття рішень щодо управління аутсорсингом на підприємстві. Запропоновано теоретико-методичні положення оцінки ступеня внутрішньої інтеграції бізнес-процесів на промислових підприємствах. Розраховані та проаналізовані показники ступеня інтеграції низки підприємств машинобудування України. В роботі доопрацьовано методичний підхід до оцінки бізнес-процесів на основі матричного аналізу для визначення доцільного типу аутсорсингу окремого бізнес-процесу в загальній системі. Обґрунтовано організаційно-економічні основи впровадження аутсорсингу на підприємстві, сформовано методичний підхід до вибору контрагента аутсорсингу та наведено результати практичного застосування розроблених методичних положень на підприємствах машинобудування України.Dissertation for degree of candidate of economic sciences in speciality – 08.00.04 – Economics and business management (by kinds of economic activities). National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". - Kharkiv, 2015. The thesis is devoted to deepening theoretical and methodological foundations and development of practical recommendations for the management of outsourcing in industrial machine building companies. The paper analyzes the problems and prospects of integration processes of industrial enterprises of Ukraine. The research exposes the essence of organizational and legal nature of outsourcing as a tool of management. The theoretical and methodological approaches to decision making on outsourcing management in the company are offered. The methodological principles of estimation degree of internal integration of the company are offered. Theoretic and methodological approach to matrix analysis for choosing a type of outsourcing is improved. The methodological principles to selecting the most appropriate outsourcing contractor and the organizational and economic foundations of management of outsourcing in an industrial company are further developed.
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Прохоренко, Олена Вікторівна. "Управління аутсорсингом на машинобудівному підприємстві." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/18175.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – Економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". – Харків, 2015. Дисертацію присвячено удосконаленню теоретико-методичних положень і розробці практичних рекомендацій з управління аутсорсингом в діяльності машинобудівних підприємств. У роботі проаналізовані інтеграційні процеси на промислових підприємствах України, визначено сутність і організаційно-правові основи аутсорсингу. Сформовано типологію аутсорсингу на основі організаційних і якісних класифікаційних ознак, запропоновано теоретико-методичні підходи до прийняття рішень щодо управління аутсорсингом на підприємстві. Запропоновано теоретико-методичні положення оцінки ступеня внутрішньої інтеграції бізнес-процесів на промислових підприємствах. Розраховані та проаналізовані показники ступеня інтеграції низки підприємств машинобудування України. В роботі доопрацьовано методичний підхід до оцінки бізнес-процесів на основі матричного аналізу для визначення доцільного типу аутсорсингу окремого бізнес-процесу в загальній системі. Обґрунтовано організаційно-економічні основи впровадження аутсорсингу на підприємстві, сформовано методичний підхід до вибору контрагента аутсорсингу та наведено результати практичного застосування розроблених методичних положень на підприємствах машинобудування України.Dissertation for degree of candidate of economic sciences in speciality – 08.00.04 – Economics and business management (by kinds of economic activities). National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". - Kharkiv, 2015. The thesis is devoted to deepening theoretical and methodological foundations and development of practical recommendations for the management of outsourcing in industrial machine building companies. The paper analyzes the problems and prospects of integration processes of industrial enterprises of Ukraine. The research exposes the essence of organizational and legal nature of outsourcing as a tool of management. The theoretical and methodological approaches to decision making on outsourcing management in the company are offered. The methodological principles of estimation degree of internal integration of the company are offered. Theoretic and methodological approach to matrix analysis for choosing a type of outsourcing is improved. The methodological principles to selecting the most appropriate outsourcing contractor and the organizational and economic foundations of management of outsourcing in an industrial company are further developed.
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Vašek, Martin. "Využití databázových systémů v sw balících typu ERP/ERP II." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76036.
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This thesis is concerning with problems of using database systems in ERP / ERP II software packages. The goal is to define position of ERP / ERP II systems in the Information System market. With this topic are also connected characteristics of database systems and definition of their specific position towards ERP / ERP II solutions. Except classical solutions, when the whole Information System is situated "inside" a company, there are also analyzed new attitudes, which respect external provider of ERP / ERP II and database services, particularly SaaS and Cloud Computing technology. This thesis also deals with evaluation of contributions and threats of these new business models, respecting different size of ERP / ERP II solutions. After introductory theoretical chapters, we choose respondents from groups of producers and distributors of ERP / ERP II products and we implemented a survey through questionnaire research. The goal is to clarify main reasons of choice of specific database platforms, used with different types of ERP / ERP II solutions. Afterward, with the aid of defined hypothesis, I'm trying to explain a degree of platform independence of robust ERP / ERP II software packages, towards database platforms. In closing parts of the thesis, there are compared individual database platforms among each other, respecting their suitability of usage in ERP / ERP II systems. Database systems are closely analyzed from several points of view. On the basis of ascertained theoretical and empirical frequency of particular database solutions we determine dominant market players and with the aid of multicriterial comparison we clear up reasons of their success among other competitors. Finally, we outline an anticipated trend, where the database systems market destined for ERP / ERP II products should grow in.
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Shyu, Ming-Jia, and 徐明加. "Explore the different customer group of satisfaction for different type of IS/IT outsourcing." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74961578509512335158.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
資訊管理所
92
IS/IT outsourcing is the practice of turning over part or all of an organization’s IS related function to external service providers to support the continuous operations of an organization. Our organization is a government department. As IT is rapidly developing, we have experienced the problems of inadequate information infrastructure , massive computerized works, insufficient IT human resource, and IT turning-in. Therefore, since 1983, we have outsourced the projects of Integrated Information Planning and Implementation, Depot and Base level’s Logistics Information Management System, and computer and network maintenance and so on. The primary motivation of this research is to study the differences in customer satisfaction across different layers of groups for various types of IS outsourcing. The outsourcing projects of our organization can be classified into three categories: total outsourcing, selective outsourcing and functional outsourcing. There are three distinct customer groups for IS outsourcing within the organization: operators, project, and end users .This research studies how the factors, transaction relationship, partnership and system performance, determine each customer group’s satisfaction with different types of IS outsourcing. The result of analysis indicates that the users are more concerned with task-related system performance and IS-related system performance is more important for the operators. Among the various types of IS outsourcing, the outsourcing of IT consulting services is the most satisfactory. In summary, operators, end users and project directors have significant differences in customer satisfaction for total, selective and functional outsourcing. In comparison with the model of ungrouping outsourcing types, this analysis is more expressive. The different strategies should apply the different management .We should fulfill the users’ and operators’ requirements by encouraging more interaction, communication and training activities to improve customer satisfaction within the organization. Keyword : Outsourcing,Transaction relationship,Partnership,Performance,Customer satisfaction
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Wu, Ying lang, and 吳英郎. "Feasibility Analysis of Type-A Workpiece Outsourcing for CNC Horizontal Boring and Milling Machine." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73996264921536552734.
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碩士國立中正大學
高階主管管理碩士在職專班
102
The shock waves resulting from the modern trends of internationalization and globalization have produced major changes that affect the techniques of manufacturing that exist across the face of the modern world. This includes the manufacture of CNC machine tools, which due to my immediate experience prior to my work on this paper has become one of the corollary topics of this study. In terms of the content of the pending writing, the effects of modern production mechanics need to be considered at a new angle, new at least relative to the way one can read about them in the early post World War 2 literature. WW2 was an era in which the individual human stood tall and sweaty like a black smith, with a hammer (or at least an electric drill or alternative simple electrical device) in one hand and the piece being worked on in the other hand. However, that technically antique world is essentially past and is evolving increasingly rapidly as the days go by. One cannot manufacture modern electronic CNC machine tools using WW2 technology. New styles of equipment as well as new styles of thinking are required. Newer styles of thinking will further be required to supplant the current limitations of our minds and capacities. In fact, this paper is dedicated to a momentary alleviation of such limitations. Actually, the modern technological revolution is happening so rapidly that such alleviations tend to be very brief. This is one of the prices of rapid evolution. This paper attempts to make this point in terms of the modern capabilities and optimal use (to my current best estimate) of a group of serial processes involving inter-functional teamwork and a division of our present standards of labor. With adequate design abilities, skillful use of collaboration and management of outsourcing can lead to truly remarkable advantages with regard to the continuous integration of resources and the application various industrial expansionist strategies. A win-win value-doubling strategy for the firm owner and its various professional subcontractors is currently a common endeavor. However, it seems to me personally that such goals are in fact excessively small, but such issues will not be a topic. In fact, this study remains linked to strictly modern goals and ambitions. We have the basic framework of a large-to-medium (LME) scale CNC machine tool manufacturing company in Taiwan. The company manufactures some of the largest of the current CNC machine tools, but there is incompatibility between the available CNC machine tools and the production lines that manufacture the equipment. Nor do the specific tolerances and specifications of individual customers exactly fit the production capacities of the factory. For example, the CNC horizontal boring and milling machines (HBM) and typically ordered by the company’s customers require integration of specific assets into the requirements of the necessary manufacturing processes. The ability to meet the specific requirements of the customers implies that the company has a totally adequate supply of all the multi-capacity varied machines necessary to satisfy the production line requirements of each customer order accepted by the company. In fact, however, the demands far exceed the company’s manufacturing capacity. After investigating the machine for desirable operation with regard to the totality of the current job orders and defining the processing necessities, it becomes possible to list all the necessary processes. However, it becomes rapidly clear the company does not in fact have the equipment and ability for all these steps. Thus, it becomes clear that some of these steps will have to be outsourced. This becomes clearer after consideration of the calculation of equipment cost investment if we were to do the total manufacturing event in house. It should be recalled that we are considering manufacture of a relatively small number of large and heavy Type-A workpieces. Such workpieces are subject to evolution to higher technological forms as the product develops. Such workpieces require stress relieving, heat treatment, precise surface grinding and so on. New processes may be added. Old processes may be removed or modified. With regard to the dollar question, maximal dollar return involves not manufacturing this small number of large and durable equipment. A study of the cost factors indicate that, for present and foreseeable manufacturing operations, it is a superior plan to collaborate professionally with suitable partners. Former studies of a similar nature dealt mostly with small and medium size light-weight components produced in relatively large numbers. The respective firms produced parts of significantly consistent sizes and surface finishes. This present study will test the theoretical 11 sensitivity analysis (SA) using 5 Type-A workpieces for HBM units. By means of assistance from Lingo linear programming, the results will demonstrate that outsourcing and collaboration with professional subcontractors will optimize production management, manufacturing flexibility, tangible performance and company profit.
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Chi-Ying, Lin, and 林奇瑩. "Effects of Organizational, Managerial Characteristic and Strategic Type on IS Outsourcing and Relationship with Effectiveness of IS Outsourcing: A Study of Large Scale Companies." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64654572313208127772.
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碩士國立中正大學
資訊管理研究所
85
Under the pressure of global competition and rapid information evolution,the information system(IS) outsourcing has been applied not only to save theoperation cost but also to gain the strategic advantage. Many organizationshave started to reassess the intangible benefits of IS outsourcing. This studyaims at examining the impacts of organizational characteristics, managerialcharacteristics, and organizational strategic type on IS outsourcing activitiessuch as the degree of outsourcing and interaction between these two parties.We also look into the relations between IS Outsourcing implementation and itseffectiveness. The study surveys the top 1000 companies in Taiwan. 177 companies returnedthe questionnaires with a response rate of 18.7%. Based on data analysis, wefound that:1. The degree of IS outsourcing are affected by size of companies and MIS department, CEO interaction with computers, the use of IS application and organizational strategic type.2. The degree of outsourcing is positively related with effectiveness of IS outsourcing (0. 247,p=0.024). Thus, the higher degree of outsourcing a company has, the better benefits it will gain.3. The relationships between two parties (the outsourcer and its contractors) is positively correlated with quality of outsourcing system (0.764, p=0.000). Thus, the closer relationships two parties sustain, the better quality of outsourcing system will have. This study suggests that companies should rethink their IS outsourcingactivities not only financially but also strategically and managerially.However, the outsourcer and its contractors should established an"information partnership" for an utmost "win-win" situation.Keywords: Outsourcing, Degree of outsourcing, Information partnership, ! Partnership, Effectiveness of IS outsourcing
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Lee, Chien-Cheng, and 李建成. "A Study of Type and Antecedent Factors of Moral Hazard from Agency Problems of Military Outsourcing." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78325795028989893402.
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碩士國防大學管理學院
運籌管理學系
101
In recent years, the financial burden of R.O.C. government has been confronted with austerity, however, the demands and expectations of the people in the public service has gradually improved. Therefore, promoting outsourcing services will be helpful for the alleviation of the streamlined organization and tight financial burden. In advance, on account of the stability as well as the frequent economic and trade interchange between those across the Taiwan Strait, the military of R.O.C. is up against the shrink problems of organizational adjustment and streamlined budget, for which the non-core business and available resources have been released to the private firms. Nevertheless, not all the outsourcing achieves the goals of cost reduction, streamlined manpower, and improvement of service quality. If there is no good interaction or communications between two sides, or if the agents pursue only self-interests but the information and work concerned, it will lead to “moral-hazard” behavior in agents as to diminish the service quality and efficiency. As a case study to six military outsourcing projects on private business entrusted by the military of R.O.C., this paper came out with the immoral of sheltered action and information, categorized priorly from three antecedents including environment, organization, and quality of human sources. According to the case study, the nine propositions inferred from the prevention of moral-hazard behavior and establishment of public-private partnerships , will be as the reference of outsourcing affairs in the future.
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Liu, Yao-Chang, and 劉曜彰. "The Comparison of Different Type Outsourcing Swimming Pool Service Quality- A Case Study of Wanhua District in Taipei City." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45k93h.
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碩士臺北市立大學
體育學系體育碩士在職專班
104
The main purpose of this study was to compare the different type outsourcing swimming pools’ service quality of Wanhua District in Taipei City. With the questionnaire methodology, 469 users of these two swimming pools were recruited as participants. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA to test the assumptions. The main findings were as follows: 1.The majority of swimming pools users were male, collegiate educated, with income less than 30,000. 2.The higher factors of service quality of these outsourcing swimming pools were assurance and tangible. 3.There were significant differences of users’ age, degree of education, and income between service quality. 4.The factors of assurance and tangible of Wanhua sport center were higher than the Hwa-chiang high school swimming pool. These finding can be a good reference for these outsourcing swimming pool to improve the quality of their service.
Books on the topic "Type of outsourcing"
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Leimeister, Stefanie. IT Outsourcing Governance: Client Types and Their Management Strategies. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag / Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2010.
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Anikin, Boris, and Irina Rudaya. Outsourcing and outstaffing: high management technologies. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1442619.
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The textbook contains a theoretical generalization of the directions of outsourcing and outstaffing development as technologies of modern management. The conceptual apparatus of outsourcing and outstaffing, the essence of individual forms and types of outsourcing, the content and main stages of the implementation of an outsourcing project are considered. The spheres of application of outsourcing and outstaffing in the management of the organization are defined, the features of knowledge outsourcing are highlighted. Practical examples are given and trends in the development of the outsourcing and outstaffing services market in Russia and abroad are identified.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the direction of training 38.03.02 "Management", undergraduates and postgraduates, teachers and researchers of educational institutions of higher education, as well as students of the system of additional professional education, managers of various levels of management, specialists in management consulting.
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Crichton, Michael. Disclosure. Franklin Center, Pa: Franklin Library, 1993.
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Crichton, Michael. Disclosure. 3rd ed. New York, USA: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994.
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Crichton, Michael. Disclosure: A novel. New York: Random House Large Print, 1994.
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Crichton, Michael. Disclosure. Hong Kong: Bo Yi, 1995.
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Crichton, Michael. Disclosure. London: Century, 1994.
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Crichton, Michael. Disclosure. Hong Kong: Bo Yi, 1995.
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Crichton, Michael. Disclosure: A novel. London: QPD, 1994.
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Crichton, Michael. Disclosure. Bath: Chivers, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Type of outsourcing"
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Zhenlin, Li, Zhang Wei, Ding Yitao, and Bai Ping. "A BGN Type Outsourcing the Decryption of CP-ABE Ciphertexts." In Advances in Internetworking, Data & Web Technologies, 54–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59463-7_6.
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Leimeister, Stefanie. "Empirical Evidence of Outsourcing Relationship Types." In IT Outsourcing Governance, 111–214. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6303-1_5.
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Leimeister, Stefanie. "Governance of IS Outsourcing Relationship Types." In IT Outsourcing Governance, 215–42. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6303-1_6.
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"A Note on the Type." In Outsourcing Empire, 255–56. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691206202-010.
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Hollis, Whitney. "The Role of Prisons in Offshoring." In IT Outsourcing, 1189–98. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-770-6.ch072.
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Outsourcing and offshoring are popular (and often controversial) trends in American business, yet not all outsourcing is done in foreign countries; many jobs are being sent to prisons, where inmates can provide low-cost, locally based labor. This trend has extended from a role in manufacturing to whitecollar jobs, like telemarketing. This chapter analyzes this type of outsourcing in terms of the costs and benefits for business and consumers, as well as the social implications.
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Downing, Joe. "Why First-Level Call Center Technicians Need Knowledge Management Tools." In IT Outsourcing, 910–19. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-770-6.ch054.
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This chapter argues that first-level call center technicians are the new knowledge worker of the 21st century. As such, these technicians are ideal candidates for knowledge management tools. The objective of the chapter is to introduce these technicians to the IT community and, by way of a case study, show how decision tree-type help tools can increase technicians’ productivity. The chapter ends with recommendations for IT practitioners who are interesting in implementing these tools in their call center.
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Wang, Yue. "Strategic Management of International Subcontracting." In IT Outsourcing, 1924–34. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-770-6.ch122.
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Research on international subcontracting has been policy-oriented and industry-focused. There is a lack of understanding of the phenomenon from strategic management and international business perspectives. This article conceptualizes international subcontracting as a type of relational contract formed by buyers and suppliers from different countries, aiming to facilitate the sourcing of products or components with buyer-specific requirements. It builds a transaction cost model for studying the strategic choice of international subcontracting as an intermediate governance structure, sitting between arm’s length outsourcing arrangement and vertically integrated multinational enterprises (MNEs). A set of propositions are developed to aid future empirical research and to provide managers with some guidelines for organizing supply chain across borders. The model also allows managers to examine the complex nature of a range of subcontracting relationships and identify the specific mechanisms that can be used to preserve and manage the dyadic principal-subcontractor exchanges.
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Goyal, Preeti, and Bhimaraya A. Metri. "The Fifth Perspective." In IT Outsourcing, 2378–88. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-770-6.ch151.
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Today, alliances, collaborations, and networks are synonymous with strategy. Business process outsourcing (BPO) is one such type of alliance. With increasing reliance on outsourcing, the organizational boundaries are blurring. The implications for the client organization can be tremendous, as it now relies on an outside organization to fulfill its operational objectives. Currently, there is no single framework that can effectively measure performance for BPO arrangements. In its present form, the balanced scorecard (BSC) only addresses the performance measurement needs of a single enterprise and any perspective on any external relationships is completely missing. The traditional BSC does not suffice as a performance measurement framework for BPO. While both the client and the vendor can use a BSC for their respective organizations, the strategic objectives of the organizations may not be met. In this article the authors propose a new perspective as an extension to the BSC, namely, the goals alignment perspective. Goals alignment of the two organizations will enable creation of performance measures that will help participating organizations to achieve their respective goals.
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Richardson, Ita, Sarah Moore, Alan Malone, Valentine Casey, and Dolores Zage. "Globalizing Software Development in the Local Classroom." In IT Outsourcing, 1534–56. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-770-6.ch097.
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In the dynamic global economy that exists today the operation and structure of organisations have had to adapt to the reality of the information revolution which has taken place. This has been the case within the software industry where global software development (GSD) has become a popular strategy and software development has become a globally sourced commodity. Given the requirement for graduates to operate in this type of environment, we as educators considered how our teaching methods could be developed and enhanced to instil GSD competencies within our graduates. We provided students with the opportunity to take part in a learning experience that transcended geographical and institutional boundaries, giving them first-hand experience of working within globally distributed software teams. Two separate projects were undertaken. One was with Siemens Corporate Research which was part of a larger project. The focus of this project was the shadowing of the development of an actual geographically distributed software product. The second project was carried out in collaboration with Ball State University, and the focus of this endeavour was virtual team software testing. Extensive qualitative research was undertaken on the data provided by the students. We identified three specific forms of learning which had taken place: (1) pedagogical, (2) pragmatic, and (3) the achievement of specific globally distributed competencies. Our findings would confirm that mimicking real-work settings creates the possibility of giving rise to the range of learning benefits that are associated with truly problem-based learning environments.
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Hollis, Whitney. "The Role of Prisons in Offshoring." In Outsourcing and Offshoring of Professional Services, 215–24. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-972-4.ch012.
Full textAbstract:
Outsourcing and offshoring are popular (and often controversial) trends in American business, yet not all outsourcing is done in foreign countries; many jobs are being sent to prisons, where inmates can provide low-cost, locally based labor. This trend has extended from a role in manufacturing to whitecollar jobs, like telemarketing. This chapter analyzes this type of outsourcing in terms of the costs and benefits for business and consumers, as well as the social implications.
Conference papers on the topic "Type of outsourcing"
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Akbari, Mohammadreza, Steven J Clarke, and Shaghayegh Maleki Far. "Outsourcing Best Practice - The Case of Large Construction Firms in Iran." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3737.
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Aim/Purpose: During an evolutionary time for Iran the purpose of this research study was to establish the outsourcing best practices in the area of supply chain by investigating in the construction firms in Iran, which is identified as the most successful industry in outsourcing. Background: Clarifying outsourcing decisions have been a difficult and challenging task because the outsourcing itself is complex. Meanwhile, the construction industry is recognized as one of the most complex and vibrant industries, although no concentration was set to outsourcing practices and its approach in construction firms in Iran. This paper aims to address this gap. Methodology: Based on a combination of academic literature, screening interviews, and survey, data was collected from Iranian construction firms involved in outsourcing. Participants were senior managers and CEOs from twenty one large construction firms in Tehran. The analysis methods in this study were centered on comparative analysis, factor analysis, Pearson correlation, and relative important indices. Contribution: The paper offers insight into outsourcing decisions, focusing on Iranian construction firms. Findings: The findings identified that construction firms regularly choose to outsource their operation functions/processes to find operational expertise, a wider pool of knowledge and experience, and cost restructuring. The study revealed that selective outsourcing was the popular practiced outsourcing type in construction firms. On the other hand, the study has acknowledged that construction firms mainly practiced strategic outsourcing as a level of outsourcing. The study established that conducting a need analysis prior to making the outsourcing decision is the outsourcing success element for Iranian construction firms. Lastly, the result shows that nearly two thirds of the large construction firms were identified as successful at outsourcing process. Recommendations for Practitioners and Researchers: The outcomes of this research offer practical value for construction managers and researchers to choose the best outsourcing practices method. Impact on Society As the sanctions are removed, it is predicted the economic settings in Iran will become more firm and the findings of the study will assist the successful implementation of outsourcing in economic growth of Iran. Future Research: To further development of this study, an in-depth investigation into risks involved in outsourcing, reasons to insource, economical and environmental effects on outsourcing process, cultural and social effects, as well as the result of sanctions on the process of outsourcing can provide more insight to the outsourcing practitioners.
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Dudė, Ugnė, and Rima Žitkienė. "Examination of factors leading expansion of outsourcing and its arrangements in service sec-tor." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.063.
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Purpose – the purpose of this article is to identify factors that influence the spread of outsourcing practice in service sec-tors, classified by WTO and investigate links between factors which lead service sector firms to adopt outsourcing and outsourcing relationship type. Research methodology – the authors conducted a comprehensive review of the literature in the service sector and out-sourcing practices researches to achieve a thorough understanding of the issues involved and identifying the problematic aspects and crucial factors groups affecting the outsourcing using in the service sector. The structured interview with general managers in each service sector group was held in order to explore the factors determining the outsourcing in separate service sector companies and revealed what relationship are used to maintain outsourcing arrangements. Collect-ed data were analysed using the statistical method. Findings – the range of factors that contribute to the expansion of outsourcing in the service sector is distinctive and sig-nificantly narrower than those identified in the scientific literature. The significance of factors that lead service sector firms to adopt outsourcing varies according to what kind of activities – core or non-core are outsourced. Outsourcing re-lationships are based on short- and long-term contracts preferred domestic outsourcing. Research limitations – although the main factors affecting the expansion of outsourcing in the service sector were re-vealed, the compatibility of expert opinions was weak. Therefore, more in-depth research could be carried out in each of the service sector groups and its sub-domains. Practical implications – the practical implication should explain how the results of the research could be used in practice. Originality/Value – while most studies of factors motivating outsourcing where based on manufacturing sector or sepa-rate service sector companies’ groups (hotels, hospitals, etc.), this is empirical study focusing at all service sector groups distinguished by WTO.
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Palm, William J., and Daniel E. Whitney. "The Effectiveness of Design and Innovation Consulting." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71362.
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Although the risks and rewards of outsourcing product design have been argued extensively in the literature, little hard data on project outcomes exist to inform the discussion, and even these are methodologically suspect. To address this gap, this paper uses novel random sampling techniques to locate projects and measure the distribution of project outcomes in one particular type of design outsourcing, domestic design consulting. The results suggest that design consulting outcomes are generally good but vary significantly between projects and consultancies. Overall rates of product commercialization and market success compare favorably to results previously reported for in-house product design, and client satisfaction levels are comparable to those of other service industries.
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Hariharan, Smitha, and Venkat Allada. "Uncertain Demand Driven Resource Platform Design for a Service Center." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81191.
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Service centers can be viewed as facilities wherein service calls from customers relating to various service families cascade into work packages involving a set of service tasks. A service family is defined as a set of service type variants that have similar or common service tasks and hence may use a common set of resources (called the resource platform) over a given time horizon. In this paper, we present a methodology for determining cost-effective and robust resource platform configuration(s) for a given set of service families offered by a service center. The robust resource platform would be able to handle demand fluctuations from various service types within reasonable limits over a given planning horizon. Several successful studies have been reported in the manufacturing domain on successful application of product platforms to generate customizable product variants with cost advantages. In this paper, we extend the product platform concept to the service domain. The critical parts of the proposed Service Resource Platforming System (SRPS) methodology are: (1) generate rough cut resource selection using dynamic programming and create a resource schedule using linear programming; (2) generate final resource selection using uncertainty linear programming model proposed by Ben-Tal et al. (2003); and (3) construct resource platform using resource sub-sequence clustering concept. The objective for the rough cut and final resource selections is the maximization of the difference between the benefits and costs associated with in-house service processing and outsourcing. The proposed SRPS methodology is applied to an industry motivated problem.
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Gómez Barrón Sierra, José Pablo, Miguel-Ángel Manso-Callejo, and Ramón Alcarria. "DISEÑO DE ESTRATEGIAS DE CROWDSOURCING EN SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA VOLUNTARIA." In 1st Congress in Geomatics Engineering. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cigeo2017.2017.6629.
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This work addresses voluntary geographic information (VGI) as an information system that facilitates organizations to achieve specific goals by outsourcing processes and activities to an online community. A definition of a voluntary geographic information system (VGIS) is proposed, identifying its core components (Project, Participants, Technology), then, crowdsourcing, the most relevant process for managing information within these type of systems, is analysed. We analyse several types of crowdsourcing models in the context of VGIS, and it is proposed a classification built around the different ways of organizing a community, which include different levels of participation according to the use of three processes: contributory, collaborative and participatory. Based on the study of the different typologies intrinsically linked to the existing levels of involvement and engagement, and the use of participants' cognitive skills, a continuum of participation is identified, presenting two opposite tendencies when designing VGI projects: crowd-based and community-driven, the latter with higher levels of collaboration or even co-creation. Based on the above, it is proposed a set of criteria for the design of the crowdsourcing strategy of a VGIS, as a roadmap that directs the project. This design and planning tool helps to characterize and define in a simple way the general requirements of the processes and activities of a VGIS that will be implemented through a crowdsourcing task, being the first step in the interdependent design of the project, participation and technological components. The design of subsequent strategies related to the other components of the system must be aligned and linked to the crowdsourcing strategy, and altogether will guide the development of tasks, functionalities and the specific technological tools of the system.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6629
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Amorim, Marcello N., Celso A. S. Santos, and Orivaldo L. Tavares. "Integrating Crowdsourcing and Human Computation for Complex Video Annotation Tasks." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Multimídia e Web. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/webmedia_estendido.2020.13053.
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Video annotation is an activity that aims to supplement this type of multimedia object with additional content or information about its context, nature, content, quality and other aspects. These annotations are the basis for building a variety of multimedia applications for various purposes ranging from entertainment to security. Manual annotation is a strategy that uses the intelligence and workforce of people in the annotation process and is an alternative to cases where automatic methods cannot be applied. However, manual video annotation can be a costly process because as the content to be annotated increases, so does the workload for annotating. Crowdsourcing appears as a viable solution strategy in this con- text because it relies on outsourcing the tasks to a multitude of workers, who perform specific parts of the work in a distributed way. However, as the complexity of required media annoyances increases, it becomes necessary to employ skilled labor, or willing to perform larger, more complicated, and more time-consuming tasks. This makes it challenging to use crowdsourcing, as experts demand higher pay, and recruiting tends to be a difficult activity. In order to overcome this problem, strategies based on the decom- position of the main problem into a set of simpler subtasks suitable for crowdsourcing processes have emerged. These smaller tasks are organized in a workflow so that the execution process can be formalized and controlled. In this sense, this thesis aims to present a new framework that allows the use of crowdsourcing to create applications that require complex video annotation tasks. The developed framework considers the whole process from the definition of the problem and the decomposition of the tasks, until the construction, execution, and management of the workflow. This framework, called CrowdWaterfall, contemplates the strengths of current proposals, incorporating new concepts, techniques, and resources to overcome some of its limitations.
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Duan, Weihua. "Types, Patterns and Evolution Paths of IT Outsourcing Relationship." In 2018 International Conference on Robots & Intelligent System (ICRIS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icris.2018.00067.
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Han, Guangyang, Sufang Li, Runmin Wang, and Chunming Wu. "Treating Crowdsourcing as Examination: How to Score Tasks and Online Workers?" In 3rd International Conference on Data Mining and Machine Learning (DMML 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.120701.
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Crowdsourcing is an online outsourcing mode which can solve the machine learning algorithm's urge need for massive labeled data. How to model the interaction between workers and tasks is a hot spot. we try to model workers as four types based on their ability and divide tasks into hard, medium and easy according difficulty. We believe that even experts struggle with difficult tasks while sloppy workers can get easy tasks right. So, good examination tasks should have moderate degree of difficulty and discriminability to score workers more objectively. Thus, we first score workers' ability mainly on the medium difficult tasks. A probability graph model is adopted to simulate the task execution process, and an iterative method is adopted to calculate and update the ground truth, the ability of workers and the difficulty of the task. We verify the effectiveness of our algorithm both in simulated and real crowdsourcing scenes.
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Vasaeli, Iraj. "Smart Power Supply Calibration System." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2019.01.
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A power supply is a device that supplies power to an electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert electrical current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power a load. As power supply technology expands, the manual calibration process has become more complex and time consuming. On average, manual calibration time is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours per individual module, however when there are 6 modules installed on a main frame the total direct labor can easily balloon to 9 to 12 hours. The process described here is a step-by-step tutorial to set up a customizable automated system to calibrate a variety of power supplies, such as the Keysight XXXXX. At JPL, one of the most hardware intensive projects is MARS 2020. This program utilizes hundreds of power supplies in different test setups and test stations. As such, the Metrology & Engineering Services Group was tasked to find a solution to calibrate the various types of power supplies in-house in a timely manner, as opposed to outsourcing or the conventional time-consuming manual method. Many OTC software options were identified and studied, however due to shortcoming in one form or another the OTC option was disqualified. At which point, the M&ES team decided to develop its own Smart Calibration System with the explicit purpose of reducing turnaround time and establishing a measurement process complaint with ISO17025.
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Aften, Carl, Yaser Asgari, Lee Bailey, Gene Middleton, Farag Muhammed, Parasmani Pageni, and Keith Sullivan. "Critical Examination of Variables Effecting Friction Loop Results for Friction Reducer Selection." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204280-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Friction reducer evaluations for field application selection are conducted in laboratory benchtop recirculating flow loops or once-through systems. Industry standard procedures and benchtop flow loop (loop) system specifications for friction reduction assessment are nonexistent, though standardization efforts are recently documented. Research and papers correlating friction reducer performance to brine and additives have been published, however other key variables can significantly affect performance and therefore must be addressed to maximize product recommendation accuracy. This paper illustrates how variances affect results. Benchtop recirculating loops used for testing friction reduction products for a specific field's application vary significantly in system components, configurations, and test analyses. Crucial loop system variance examples include differing pipe diameters, pump configurations, flow meter types and placement, differential pressure section and full run lengths, reservoir designs, mixing conditions, and end performance calculations. Oil and gas producers and service companies are trending towards outsourcing friction reducers to independent testing laboratories for loop assessment results prior to recommending friction reducers for end use field applications. These recommendations may have inherent selection bias depending upon the loop system's components and configuration. Friction reduction calculations during loop testing do not consistently consider changes in viscosity and temperature, thereby altering absolute results when evaluating performance. To apply the simplified assumptions in standard pressure, drop methodology, equivalency in flow rate, density, viscosity, and temperature within the run must be maintained. Performance of the friction reducer in a specific brine and additive test run should primarily be dependent upon dosage and method of injecting friction reducer into the loop, however other variables can contribute to performance results. We presume equivalency in pipe roughness and proper loop cleansing. The effects of these variables on friction reduction response applying wide-ranging factors of flowrate, density, viscosity, and temperature are evaluated using designed experiments with responses plotted and illustrated in Cartesian and contour graphs. The result of these designed experiments identified that certain variables are more influential on friction reducers’ measured performances in standard loop experiments and require observation and documentation during performance testing. The final study in this work generated vastly different performance curves when all of the aspects of loop design, entry and differential run lengths, flow rate, injection method, friction reducer types and loadings, and brine types, densities, viscosities, and temperatures were held constant. The goal of benchtop loop testing is scaling for actual field applications. Scaling discrepancies persist however due to differing pipe diameters, fluid circuit designs, and pump types and rates combined with changing brine compositions, proppant, and chemical additive effects on friction reducer products. Understanding that different benchtop loops, or potentially the same benchtop loop, will generate differing results is intriguing, yet unsettling.