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L, Latha, Cynthia J, G. Seetha Lakshmi, Raajshre B, Senthil J, and Vikashini S. "Human Activity Recognition Using Smartphone Sensors." Webology 18, no. 04 (September 28, 2021): 1499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si04/web18294.
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In today’s digitalized world, smartphones are the devices which have become a basic and fundamental part of our life. Since, these greatest technology’s appearance, an uprising has been created in the industry of mobile communication. These greatest inventions of mankind are not just constricted for calling these days. As the capabilities and the number of smartphone users increase day by day, smartphones are loaded with various types of sensors which captures each and every moment, activities of our daily life. Two of such sensors are Accelerometer and Gyroscope which measures the acceleration and angular velocity respectively. These could be used to identify the human activities performed. Basically, Human Activity Recognition is a classifying activity with so many use cases such as health care, medical, surveillance and anti-crime securities. Smartphones have wide variety of applications in various fields and can be used to excavate different kinds of data which provide accurate insights and knowledge about the user's lifestyle. Nowadays creating lifelogs that is a technology to capture and record a user's life through his or her mobile devices, are becoming very important task. An immense issue in creating a detailed lifelog is the accurate detection of activities performed by human based on the collected data from the sensors. The data in the lifelogs has strong association with physical health variables. These data are motivational and they identify any type of behavioral changes. These data provide us the overall measure of physical activity. In this project, we have analyzed the smartphone sensors produced data and used them to recognize the activities performed by the user.
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McDonagh, A., and M. A. Byrne. "The influence of human physical activity and contaminated clothing type on particle resuspension." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 127 (January 2014): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.10.012.
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Pavlović, Katarina. "Predicting the type of physical activity from tri-axial smartphone accelerometer data." Journal of Applied Engineering Science 19, no. 1 (2021): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes0-27166.
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Development of various statistical learning methods and their implementation in mobile device software enables moment-by-moment study of human social interactions, behavioral patterns, sleep, as well as their physical mobility and gross motor activity. Recently, through the use of supervised Machine Learning, Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has found numerous applications in biomedical engineering especially in the field of digital phenotyping. Having this in mind, in this research in order to be able to quantify the human movement activity in situ, using data from portable digital devices, we have developed code which uses Random Forest Classifier to predict the type of physical activity from tri-axial smartphone accelerometer data. The code has been written using Python programming language and Anaconda distribution of data-science packages. Raw accelerometer data was collected by using the Beiwe research platform, which is developed by the Onnela Lab at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Tuning has been performed by defining a grid of hyperparameter ranges, using Scikit-Learn's Randomized Search CV method, randomly sampling from the grid and performing K-Fold CV with each combination of tested values. Obtained results will enable development of more robust models for predicting the type of physical activity with more subjects, usage of different hardware, various test situations, and different environments.
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Zusková, Klaudia, and Mirosław Paweł Górny. "Aerobic Physical Activity in Nature as Compensation for Type A Behavior." Physical education, sport and health culture in modern society, no. 4(48) (December 30, 2019): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2019-04-55-60.
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The aim of this theoretical article is to point out on the bases of scientific findings the relationship between aerobic physical activity in nature as compensation for the type A behavior. Type A behavior as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) continues to be an important subject of study in today´s society. Physical activities in the nature, also called green exercise, are of significant relevance in the context of human health research, given our present lifestyle. They address mainly the aerobic regime of physical activities as a prevention of many diseases through improvements in cardiovascular system and skeletal muscles. The authors focused on the issues related to the types A and B of personality behavior developed by Mayer Friedman and Ray H. Rosenman. Aerobic exercise activities, as significant prevention of heart diseases, deal with the compensation of precisely the A type risk behavior. The authors clarify this premise on practical examples. Even with the passage of several decades this issue has not been sufficiently researched. Its application in real life is quite justifiable due to increasing environmental changes and sedentary lifestyle. This article points out how different findings need to be linked in practice as a part of the necessary interdisciplinary collaboration of experts in the areas of medicine, psychology and sports.
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Chelladurai, P. "A Classification of Sport and Physical Activity Services: Implications for Sport Management." Journal of Sport Management 6, no. 1 (January 1992): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.6.1.38.
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A classification of sport and physical activity services based on two dimensions is presented. The first dimension is the type and extent of employee involvement in the production of services—consumer, professional, and human services. The second dimension is the four sets of client motives for participation in sport and physical activity—pursuit of pleasure, skill, excellence, and health/fitness. A combination of these two dimensions yields six classes of sport and physical activity services: consumer pleasure, consumer health/fitness, human skills, human excellence, human sustenance, and human curative. The managerial implications emerging from the proposed model are outlined with reference to programming, organizing, staffing, and leading in organizations delivering sport and physical activity services.
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Lexell, Jan. "Ageing and Human Muscle: Observations From Sweden." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 18, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h93-002.
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The purposes of this review are to summarize studies of cross-sections of autopsied whole muscles from previously physically healthy males and to focus on the cause of the ageing atrophy. The ageing atrophy begins around 25 years of age and thereafter accelerates. This is caused mainly by a loss of muscle fibres, and to a lesser extent by a reduction in fibre size, mostly of the proportion of the fibre area in the muscle cross-section occupied by type 2 (fast-twitch) fibres. In muscle from old subjects, there is a significant increase in the number of enclosed fibres, indicating an increased incidence of fibre type grouping, a loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, and a reduction in the number of functioning motor units. These findings strongly suggest a combination of a progressive denervation process and an altered physical activity level as the two major mechanisms underlying the effects of normal ageing on human muscle. These changes have obvious implications for old individuals and their participation in physical activity and in sports, which must be accommodated in rehabilitation regimes or in training programmes. Key words: ageing, microscopy, muscles, physiological adaptation
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Creagh, Robyn, Sarah McGann, Marian Tye, Jonine Jancey, and Courtney Babb. "Green Star is not a physical activity star." Facilities 35, no. 1 (February 7, 2017): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-12-2015-0092.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on research investigating the relationship between physical activity and workplace design. In particular, the paper explores the social–ecological context of a new workplace building. This paper seeks to understand why better physical activity outcomes for the staff were not observed in the new building despite influence from a staff wellness committee during design; achieving success against existing best-practice indicators; and staff reporting increased feelings of wellness, energy and satisfaction with the new building. Design/methodology/approach Three design aspects are taken as a focus from within an opportunistic pre-/post-physical activity study of an organisation as they move from a building they occupied for 30 years into a new purpose-designed building. This study was conducted through mixed methods, incorporating ethnographic, architectural and quantitative means. Findings The social, spatial and personal context is important for understanding participant workplace-based physical activity. Despite the health and well-being goals and 5 Star Green Star outcomes of the new building, participants were sedentary for a substantive part of their workday in both buildings. Practical implications A well-designed environment can support staff feeling healthier, but the 5 Star Green Star rating does not implicitly ensure a healthier, activity-promoting environment. Facilities managers and designers can act to provide physically active paths as the most straightforward circulation option in workplaces. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in the opportunity to conduct a pre-/post-study of physical activity where the organisation, workforce and type of work are constant and where the variable is the building design, spatial configuration and location. The methods used in this study draw from both health promotion and architectural research practices.
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Зилов, V. Zilov, Еськов, V. Eskov, Борисова, O. Borisova, Филатова, et al. "The human fatigue under static and dynamic physical activity And adaptation mechanisms." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 9, no. 1 (April 17, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7590.
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This review focuses on spinal and central mechanisms of fatigue associated with the implementation of adaptation programs. The morpho-functional correlations of the moto-neurons activity of the spinal cord, the activities of the functional systems of the human body, neurotransmitter systems, serotonergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems in the mechanisms of fatigue were considered. The phases of the process of adaptation to physical loads as well as cumulative training effect were identified. The authors have identified and described the participation of the autonomic nervous system, glucocorticoids and other hormones and mediators in long-term adaptation to physical loads, in the transition from carbohydrate to fat type of energy metabolism. The stages of disadaptation and re-adaptation to physical activities (a manifestation of stress, rate adaptation, cybernetic principles of homeostasis) have been identified and described. The two-circuit system homeostasis: the autonomic (controlling) and myocardial-hemodynamic (controlled) was demonstrated and an hierarchy of control has been defined.
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Cataldi, Stefania, Valerio Bonavolontà, Luca Poli, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Michele De Candia, Roberto Carvutto, Ana Filipa Silva, Georgian Badicu, Gianpiero Greco, and Francesco Fischetti. "The Relationship between Physical Activity, Physical Exercise, and Human Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Unhealthy Subjects: A Systematic Review." Biology 11, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030479.
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Several studies have been conducted to find at least an association between physical activity (PA)/ physical exercise (PE) and the possibility to modulate the gut microbiome (GM). However, the specific effects produced on the human GM by different types of PA/PE, different training modalities, and their age-related effects are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize the current scientific evidence investigating the bi-directional relationship between PA/PE and the human GM, with a specific focus on the different types/variables of PA/PE and age-related effects, in healthy and unhealthy people. A systematic search was conducted across four databases (Web of Science, Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library). Information was extracted using the populations, exposure, intervention, comparison, outcomes (PICOS) format. The Oxford Quality Scoring System Scale, the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies were used as a qualitative measure of the review. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42022302725). The following data items were extracted: author, year of publication, study design, number and age of participants, type of PA/PE carried out, protocol/workload and diet assessment, duration of intervention, measurement tools used, and main outcomes. Two team authors reviewed 694 abstracts for inclusion and at the end of the screening process, only 76 full texts were analyzed. Lastly, only 25 research articles met the eligibility criteria. The synthesis of these findings suggests that GM diversity is associated with aerobic exercise contrary to resistance training; abundance of Prevotella genus seems to be correlated with training duration; no significant change in GM richness and diversity are detected when exercising according to the minimum dose recommended by the World Health Organizations; intense and prolonged PE can induce a higher abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria; PA does not lead to significant GM α/β-diversity in elderly people (60+ years). The heterogeneity of the training parameters used in the studies, diet control, and different sequencing methods are the main confounders. Thus, this systematic review can provide an in-depth overview of the relationship between PA/PE and the human intestinal microbiota and, at the same time, provide indications from the athletic and health perspective.
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Booth, Frank W., and Simon J. Lees. "Fundamental questions about genes, inactivity, and chronic diseases." Physiological Genomics 28, no. 2 (January 2007): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00174.2006.
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Currently our society is faced with the challenge of understanding the biological basis for the epidemics of obesity and many chronic diseases, including Type 2 diabetes. Physical inactivity increases the relative risk of coronary artery disease by 45%, stroke by 60%, hypertension by 30%, and osteoporosis by 59%. Moreover, physical inactivity is cited as an actual cause of chronic disease by the US Centers of Disease Control. Physical activity was obligatory for survival for the Homo genus for hundreds of thousands of years. This review will present evidence that suggests that metabolic pathways selected during the evolution of the human genome are inevitably linked to physical activity. Furthermore, as with many other environmental interactions, cycles of physical activity and inactivity interact with genes resulting in a functional outcome appropriate for the environment. However, as humans are less physically active, there is a maladaptive response that leads to metabolic dysfunction and many chronic diseases. How and why these interactions occur are fundamental questions in biology. Finally, a perspective to future research in physical inactivity-gene interaction is presented. This information is necessary to provide the molecular evidence required to further promote the primary prevention of chronic diseases through physical activity, identify those molecules that will allow early disease detection, and provide society with the molecular information needed to counter the current strategy of adding physical inactivity into our lives.
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Funk, Deanna R., Normand G. Boulé, Peter A. Senior, and Jane E. Yardley. "Does exercise pose a challenge to glucoregulation after clinical islet transplantation?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 42, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0402.
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Islet transplantation (ITx) is effective in preventing severe hypoglycemia by restoring glucose-dependent insulin secretion in type 1 diabetes (T1D), but may not normalize glucose regulation. Studies suggest that physical activity plays a role in maintaining β-cell mass and function in individuals with type 2 diabetes and animal models of diabetes. This could indicate that physical activity plays a role in graft survival in ITx recipients. This review’s objective is to assess current knowledge related to physical activity in ITx recipients. Responses to other challenges in blood glucose control (i.e., hypoglycemia) in human ITx recipients were examined to provide in-depth background information. To identify studies involving exercise in ITx recipients, a systematic search was performed using PubMed, Medline, and Embase, which revealed 277 English language publications. Publications were excluded if they did not involve ITx recipients; did not involve physical activity or hypoglycemia; or did not report on glucose, insulin, or counterregulatory hormones. During induced hypoglycemia, studies indicate normal suppression of insulin in ITx individuals compared with healthy non-T1D controls. Studies involving exercise in ITx animals have conflicting results, with time since transplantation and transplantation site (spleen, liver, kidney, peritoneal cavity) as possible confounders. No study examining blood glucose responses to physical activity in human ITx recipients was identified. A small number of induced-hypoglycemia studies in humans, and exercise studies in animals, would suggest that glucoregulation is greatly improved yet is still imperfect in this population and that ITx does not fully restore counterregulatory responses to challenges in blood glucose homeostasis.
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Stanishevska, Tetana, Оksana Gorna, Daria Horban, and Olga Yusupova. "Features of blood`s microcirculation at physical loads." ScienceRise: Biological Science, no. 4(25) (December 30, 2020): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-8025.2020.217693.
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This research deals with the study of blood microcirculation peculiarities.Materials and methods. 72 students of Bogdan Khmelnytsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, aged 18–19, were examined. The experimental research consisted of the study of blood microcirculation functional state by means of Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) method. It helped to evaluate the state of tissue blood-circulation and to detect individual-typological peculiarities of blood microcirculation under the influence of physical activity (before and after exercise).Results. Three types of blood microcirculation were identified by using LDF-metry. The normoemic type of blood microcirculation, characterized by the superposition of oscillatory rhythms and reflected the balance of the mechanisms of regulation of microcirculation. The hyperemic type, characterized by a «monotonous» LDF-gram with a high parameter of microcirculation, which reflects the relative predominance of metabolic mechanisms in the regulation of microcirculation. The hypoemic type, characterized by a «monotonous» LDF-gram with a low parameter of the microcirculation parameter, which reflects the decrease of vasomotor mechanisms in the regulation of microcirculation. According to the LDF-metric data, the examined students under intensive physical activity have a significant increase in microcirculatory status: by 6 % of the microcirculation parameter, by 28 % of the mean square deviation and by 45 % of the initial value of the coefficient of variation.Conclusions. This dynamics of microcirculation shows that under the influence of physical exertion, a person creates significant functional reserves for the redistribution of blood flow and for more perfect intraorgan capillary blood flow. It was found, that in the process of physical activity, morpho-functional rearrangements of the human cardiovascular system occur. This reaction is formed by several components of blood microcirculation: blood flow in the transport direction, regulating blood supply in accordance with the needs of tissues and the exchange component of the histochemical barrier
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Jakovljevic, Vladimir, and Dusica Djordjevic. "Physical Activity for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2016-0049.
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AbstractOver the last decade, the quantity and quality of scientific literature examining the relationship between physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have significantly increased. Data from the literature now unequivocally show that physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors for CVD. It is believed that obesity, the prevalence of which has tripled over the last three decades, and physical inactivity among children are the main factors that will increase the prevalence of CVD in this century. The cardiovascular benefits of exercise are multifactorial and include important systemic effects on skeletal muscle, the peripheral vasculature, metabolism, and neurohumoral systems, as well as beneficial alterations within the myocardium itself. Thus, exercise does much more than change traditional risk factors, such as blood pressure, blood lipids, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and overweight and obesity. Evidence from epidemiologic studies suggests that the preventive effects of PA may be achieved by 150 minutes of moderate PA a week, while increases in the intensity and volume of exercise lead to further health benefits. This dose–response gradient is curvilinear, with the largest gains from the first hour of weekly exercise. However, although much progress has been made in this field, existing studies performed on human subjects do not clearly show what type, intensity, and duration of exercise is most beneficial to cardiovascular fitness and metabolic optimization. Animal-based exercise studies may provide more information and help to elucidate the abilities of different training regimens to reduce the risk of CVD.
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Rahman, Khalidur, Matteo Vandoni, Boris Cheval, Md Asaduzzaman, Mohammad Nayeem Hasan, and Sabbir Tahmidur Rahman. "Exploring Two Pandemics in Academic Arena: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Profile of University Students in Bangladesh." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 11, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 358–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11020027.
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The overlay of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pandemic of physical inactivity has become a great concern. Both types of pandemics can decrease the health protection capacity and consequently increase complexity in human lives. This cross-sectional study intended to examine changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic among university students in a second-tier city of Bangladesh. Two hundred and nine students responded to an online questionnaire administered via Google Survey. In addition to descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric tests for comparing means, medians and distributions were used to assess differences in activity traits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that the occurrence of COVID-19 has significantly reduced the practice of walking and physical activities among the students. They are commonly motivated by introjected regulation. Father’s occupation and the type of family of a student have significant influences on the total physical activity in either situation. Bangladeshi university students have, particularly, been perceived as not generally used to vigorous physical activities. They are inactive compared to students from other countries. Thus, the public health policymakers and the corresponding authority should inspire the students to be more physically active by implementing different strategies such as increasing bicycling and walking facilities on the campus.
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Fernate, Andra, Zermena Vazne, and Andrejs Levskojs. "ANALYSIS OF THE SELF-REPORTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRES INDICATORS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 21, 2019): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol4.3746.
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“Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030” emphasizes the need for weekly moderate physical activity for ensuring human health. Physical activity can be measured by a variety of objective and subjective methods, but one of the prerequisites for understanding the connection between active lifestyle and health certainty that the measuring instrument measures the feature for which it has been created and that it can be used in many countries. The goal of the research is to determine the correlations between measurement properties of fitness club clients’ self-reported physical activity indicators in the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), European Health Interview Survey-Physical Activity Questionnaire (EHIS-PAQ), and to evaluate their concurrent validity. Methods: participants (volunteers) were 70 fitness club visitors (age 18-79). This research is preparative part for the further research of the project “European Physical Activity and Sports Monitoring System (EUPASMOS)”. The type, involvement and amount of physical activity was determined by the GPAQ, IPAQ and EHIS-PAQ adapted into Latvian. The research results showed that questionnaires allowed to determine the respondents’ physical activity indicators in and out of fitness club activities. Statistically significant correlations were determined between indicators obtained in all physical activity questionnaires applied in the research (p<0.05). This confirms that all three physical activity determination questionnaires can be used for physical activity research in Latvian environment.
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Kosiewicz, Jerzy. "Social and Biological Context of Physical Culture and Sport." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 50, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-010-0021-1.
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Social and Biological Context of Physical Culture and SportAuthor underlines that biological sciences connected with the human being are traditionally - after MacFadden, among others - counted among physical culture sciences. Because of the bodily foundations of human physical activity, they perform - shortly speaking - a significant cognitive function: they describe natural foundations of particular forms of movement. In spite of the fact that knowledge in that respect is extremely important for multiform human activity in the field of physical culture, it is not knowledge of cultural character. From the formal (that is, institutional) viewpoint it is strictly connected with culture studies, but it has separate methodological and theoretical assumptions. Knowledge of that type is focused on the human organism and not on effects of mental, axiocreative, symbolic activity of the human being entangled in social relations. It includes auxiliary data which support practical - that is, in that case, physical, bodily - activity. Its reception of axiological (ethical and aesthetical), social (philosophical, sociological, pedagogical, historical {universal or strictly defined - referring e.g. to art and literature with the connected theories} or political) character is dealt with by the humanities (in other words: social sciences) constituting an immanent and the fundamental - and hence the most important - part of culture studies. Putting stress on alleged superiority and the dominating role of natural (biological in that case) sciences within physical culture sciences and the connected marginalization of the humanities - which constitute, after all, a necessary and hence an unquestionable foundation for culture studies, their essence and objectivisation - is, euphemistically speaking, a clear shortcoming in the field of science studies.The abovementioned exaltation and aspirations for superiority, as well as deepening and more and more aggressive marginalization of the humanities (understood in that paper as a synonym for social sciences) in the field of physical culture sciences may lead to the separation of biological sciences.
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Oselinsky, Katrina, Colleen G. Duncan, Heather E. Martinez, and Dan J. Graham. "Veterinary-Prescribed Physical Activity: Feasibility and Acceptability among Veterinary Staff and Dog Owners." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 27, 2021): 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052339.
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Physical inactivity remains a global epidemic leading to an estimated 5 million preventable deaths per year. Although there exist numerous public-health campaigns aimed at increasing physical activity (PA), a potentially fruitful but underexplored avenue to promote both human and animal health is veterinary-prescribed PA programs. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating veterinary-prescribed PA programming into a diverse array of clinic settings. Participants (n = 722 veterinary-clinic staff (VS); n = 1028 dog owners (DOs)) completed an online survey assessing: (a) the perceived importance of PA for promoting health and preventing disease, (b) willingness to participate in a veterinary-prescribed PA program, and (c) potential benefits and barriers of such a program. Both groups of participants indicated that PA is important for both human and animal health (97% and 98% of VS and 92% and 93% of DOs said PA is very or extremely important for animal and human health, respectively). Additionally, most participants in both groups expressed an interest in participating in a veterinary-prescribed PA program in the future, with only 11% of DOs and 10% of VS saying they were not interested. Benefits and barriers of this type of intervention for both practitioners and patients were also identified. Incorporating veterinary-prescribed PA programming into veterinary clinics seems to be acceptable to both DOs and VS. Additionally, many VS believe such programming would be feasible at their clinics; thus, pursuing such programs appears to be a promising avenue for promoting human and animal health.
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Barczak, Paulina, and Hanna Bednarek. "Life satisfaction and increased self-perceived attractiveness as psychological benefits of physical activity." Aesthetic Cosmetology and Medicine 9, no. 6 (2020): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52336/acm.2020.9.6.02.
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The studies demonstrate the relationship between higher level of life satisfaction and exercise. The purpose of this article was to determine what type of physical activity, CrossFit training or Latin Dance, positively impacts the level of life satisfaction and self-perceived physical attractiveness in young adults. After CrossFit and Latin Dance training participants declared greater overall satisfaction with life, greater life optimism, increased self-efficacy and greater self-esteem. The results of the authors’ study may be an important contribution to the discussion about factors influencing human well-being. Furthermore, the research could be a scientific argument to promote physical activity among young adults.
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Cluet, David, Christophe Bertsch, Christian Beyer, Liliane Gloeckler, Mathieu Erhardt, Jean-Pierre Gut, Jean-Luc Galzi, and Anne-Marie Aubertin. "Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef and CD4 Physical Interaction in Living Human Cells by Using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer." Journal of Virology 79, no. 13 (July 1, 2005): 8629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.13.8629-8636.2005.
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ABSTRACT CD4 down-regulation by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein is a key function for virus virulence. This activity may be mediated by a direct Nef-CD4 interaction. We investigated the formation, in situ, of such a complex between proteins using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technology and coimmunoprecipitations. Our data clearly demonstrate that Nef and CD4 interact in intact human cells. Moreover, our results clearly indicate that the dileucine motif of the CD4 cytoplasmic domain, critical for the Nef-induced CD4 down-regulation, is not implicated in the Nef/CD4 complex formation in the cellular context.
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Ingarden, Roman S. "Open Systems and Consciousness: A Philosophical Discussion." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 09, no. 02 (June 2002): 125–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1015696525837.
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The proposition of the author is that sentences about sentences (meta-sentences or sentences of the 2nd order) about physical phenomena are examples of conscious thinking, i.e. the elements of consciousness. The argument is that psychical phenomena (acts of thinking or imagination) are phenomena of the second logical type: phenomena of phenomena. In other words, the individual psychical world (the world of individual consciousness) is described by a meta-theory of physics (meta-physics), while the social world (the world of social culture) can be described by a meta-meta-physics, i.e., by doubled-type description by means of sentences two logical types higher than those of the physical world. The objects in the physical world (particles, bodies, animals, persons, etc.) are defined as open systems, relatively isolated in a hypothetical physical closed universe, i.e., open systems having internal and external energy of interaction. The role of subconscious activity of the brain is also considered and explained, as well as the importance of genes and hormones for an emotional proto-language in animals and humans, and of the human language as a social software being the base for proper human consciousness. The aspect of open systems is here only slightly touched. It will be discussed in more details elsewhere.
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Ariza Colpas, Paola, Enrico Vicario, Emiro De-La-Hoz-Franco, Marlon Pineres-Melo, Ana Oviedo-Carrascal, and Fulvio Patara. "Unsupervised Human Activity Recognition Using the Clustering Approach: A Review." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092702.
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Currently, many applications have emerged from the implementation of software development and hardware use, known as the Internet of things. One of the most important application areas of this type of technology is in health care. Various applications arise daily in order to improve the quality of life and to promote an improvement in the treatments of patients at home that suffer from different pathologies. That is why there has emerged a line of work of great interest, focused on the study and analysis of daily life activities, on the use of different data analysis techniques to identify and to help manage this type of patient. This article shows the result of the systematic review of the literature on the use of the Clustering method, which is one of the most used techniques in the analysis of unsupervised data applied to activities of daily living, as well as the description of variables of high importance as a year of publication, type of article, most used algorithms, types of dataset used, and metrics implemented. These data will allow the reader to locate the recent results of the application of this technique to a particular area of knowledge.
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Norton, Kevin, Lynda Norton, and Nicole Lewis. "Effects of Short-Term Physical Activity Interventions on Simple and Choice Response Times." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5613767.
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Objective. Response time (RT) is important for health and human performance and provides insight into cognitive processes. It deteriorates with age, is associated with chronic physical activity (PA), and improves with PA interventions. We investigated associations between the amount and type of PA undertaken and the rate of change in RT for low-active adults across the age range 18–63 yr.Methods. Insufficiently active adults were assigned to either a walking (n=263) or higher-intensity (n=380) exercise program conducted over 40 days. Active controls were also recruited (n=135). Simple response time (SRT) and choice response time (CRT) were measured before and after the intervention and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up.Results. SRT and CRT slowed across the age range; however, habitually active participants at baseline had significantly faster CRT (p<0.05). The interventions increased weekly PA with corresponding increases in physical fitness. These changes were mirrored in faster CRT across the study for both intervention groups (p<0.05). No changes were found for SRT.Conclusions. Both PA interventions resulted in improvements in CRT among adults starting from a low activity base. These improvements were relatively rapid and occurred in both interventions despite large differences in exercise volume, type, and intensity. There were no effects on SRT in either intervention.
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Kakhkharova, Zarina I., Dmitry O. Zharkov, and Inga R. Grin. "A Low-Activity Polymorphic Variant of Human NEIL2 DNA Glycosylase." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 2212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042212.
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Human NEIL2 DNA glycosylase (hNEIL2) is a base excision repair protein that removes oxidative lesions from DNA. A distinctive feature of hNEIL2 is its preference for the lesions in bubbles and other non-canonical DNA structures. Although a number of associations of polymorphisms in the hNEIL2 gene were reported, there is little data on the functionality of the encoded protein variants, as follows: only hNEIL2 R103Q was described as unaffected, and R257L, as less proficient in supporting the repair in a reconstituted system. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of two hNEIL2 variants found as polymorphisms in the general population, R103W and P304T. Arg103 is located in a long disordered segment within the N-terminal domain of hNEIL2, while Pro304 occupies a position in the β-turn of the DNA-binding zinc finger motif. Similar to the wild-type protein, both of the variants could catalyze base excision and nick DNA by β-elimination but demonstrated a lower affinity for DNA. Steady-state kinetics indicates that the P304T variant has its catalytic efficiency (in terms of kcat/KM) reduced ~5-fold compared with the wild-type hNEIL2, whereas the R103W enzyme is much less affected. The P304T variant was also less proficient than the wild-type, or R103W hNEIL2, in the removal of damaged bases from single-stranded and bubble-containing DNA. Overall, hNEIL2 P304T could be worthy of a detailed epidemiological analysis as a possible cancer risk modifier.
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Voskanyan, O. S., and A. K. Laguta. "A NEW TYPE OF CREAM-DRESSING BASED ON CHLORELLA MICROALGAE." AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIA 1, no. 23 (March 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2541-7835-2022-23-23-29.
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The article highlights the prospects of using a new type of cream-dressing based on chlorella mi-croalgae. Due to changes in human life conditions, namely, a decrease in his physical activity, there is a need for a balanced diet containing the components necessary for a person. One of the sources of useful substances is algae. Due to the geographical location in the Russian Federation, the use of algae is not included in the historical food culture of the country's population. The im-portance of algae is underestimated. Cream-dressing based on chlorella algae, developed for the consumer who is accustomed to other components of nutrition perfectly combines national char-acteristics and beneficial properties of microalgae. The article reflects the beneficial properties of cream-dressing for humans and its effect on the body.
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Pavlović, Ratko. "Physical activity of pupils: Engagement of pupils younger school age in extracurricular sports activities." International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/ijpefs1821.
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One of the most important health problems of today's society is hypokinesia accompanied by obesity. The assumption is that reduced physical activity has a large negative impact on the school population. The problem of reduced commitment and involvement of pupils in extracurricular activities is increasingly evident in recent times, which results in a number of negative health effects on the human body of an individual. This study comprised a group of pupils from first to the fourth year of elementary school in Pale (city East Sarajevo, BIH). The total sample consisted of 175 pupils (84 male and 91 female) age 11 to 14±0,5years. As a way of gathering the required information, we used an anonymous questionnaire of the open type in order to collect information about pupils involvement in extracurricular sports activities. The survey was conducted in October 2017 and all the pupils voluntarily participated in the study. Based on the survey results have been obtained the necessary information to reflect the very good of physical activity, of the pupils population. Of the total sample of pupils, the survey confirmed that 100% are physically active pupils. This is an encouraging result because today we have less physically active school children.
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Abbasi, Ghazanfar A., Mahavithya Jagaveeran, Yen-Nee Goh, and Beenish Tariq. "The impact of type of content use on smartphone addiction and academic performance: Physical activity as moderator." Technology in Society 64 (February 2021): 101521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101521.
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Abbasi, Ghazanfar A., Mahavithya Jagaveeran, Yen-Nee Goh, and Beenish Tariq. "The impact of type of content use on smartphone addiction and academic performance: Physical activity as moderator." Technology in Society 64 (February 2021): 101521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101521.
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Parmley, RT, WG Rice, JM Jr Kinkade, C. Gilbert, and JC Barton. "Peroxidase-containing microgranules in human neutrophils: physical, morphological, cytochemical, and secretory properties." Blood 70, no. 5 (November 1, 1987): 1630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.5.1630.1630.
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Abstract A microgranule fraction, isolated from human neutrophils by using a novel high-resolution Percoll density gradient system contained granules with the lowest density and diameter when compared with 12 other isopycnic granule fractions. Ultrastructurally, from 34% to 50% of the microgranules showed homogeneous diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining under conditions for localizing peroxidase reactivity. The presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was further confirmed by biochemical and spectral analysis and immunodiffusion methods. Periodate-thiocarbohydrazide- silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) intensely stained vicinal glycols in the matrix of greater than 97% microgranules in contrast to the weak or absent staining seen in larger primary granules. Directly sampled segmented neutrophils contained small DAB- and PA-TCH-SP-positive granules, which often appeared in clusters. These DAB-positive microgranules selectively remained within the cells after stimulation of exocytosis with the calcium ionophore A23187. The enriched DAB- positive microgranule fraction recovered from A23187-treated cells also contained lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase but lacked vitamin B12 binding protein activity. A similar small, DAB- and PA-TCH-SP-positive granule type was also identified in normal promyelocytes and was the predominant or only granule type observed in leukemic or preleukemic myeloid cells from four patients. This study demonstrates a unique subpopulation of MPO-containing microgranules in normal and leukemic human myeloid cells that are distinguished from (other) primary granules by their extremely low density, small size, content of complex carbohydrates, and resistance to secretion.
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Parmley, RT, WG Rice, JM Jr Kinkade, C. Gilbert, and JC Barton. "Peroxidase-containing microgranules in human neutrophils: physical, morphological, cytochemical, and secretory properties." Blood 70, no. 5 (November 1, 1987): 1630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v70.5.1630.bloodjournal7051630.
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A microgranule fraction, isolated from human neutrophils by using a novel high-resolution Percoll density gradient system contained granules with the lowest density and diameter when compared with 12 other isopycnic granule fractions. Ultrastructurally, from 34% to 50% of the microgranules showed homogeneous diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining under conditions for localizing peroxidase reactivity. The presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was further confirmed by biochemical and spectral analysis and immunodiffusion methods. Periodate-thiocarbohydrazide- silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) intensely stained vicinal glycols in the matrix of greater than 97% microgranules in contrast to the weak or absent staining seen in larger primary granules. Directly sampled segmented neutrophils contained small DAB- and PA-TCH-SP-positive granules, which often appeared in clusters. These DAB-positive microgranules selectively remained within the cells after stimulation of exocytosis with the calcium ionophore A23187. The enriched DAB- positive microgranule fraction recovered from A23187-treated cells also contained lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase but lacked vitamin B12 binding protein activity. A similar small, DAB- and PA-TCH-SP-positive granule type was also identified in normal promyelocytes and was the predominant or only granule type observed in leukemic or preleukemic myeloid cells from four patients. This study demonstrates a unique subpopulation of MPO-containing microgranules in normal and leukemic human myeloid cells that are distinguished from (other) primary granules by their extremely low density, small size, content of complex carbohydrates, and resistance to secretion.
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Aya, Viviana, Alberto Flórez, Luis Perez, and Juan David Ramírez. "Association between physical activity and changes in intestinal microbiota composition: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e0247039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247039.
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Introduction The intestinal microbiota comprises bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, helminths and viruses that symbiotically inhabit the digestive system. To date, research has provided limited data on the possible association between an active lifestyle and a healthy composition of human microbiota. This review was aimed to summarize the results of human studies comparing the microbiome of healthy individuals with different physical activity amounts. Methods We searched Medline/Ovid, NIH/PubMed, and Academic Search Complete between August–October 2020. Inclusion criteria comprised: (a) cross-sectional studies focused on comparing gut microbiome among subjects with different physical activity levels; (b) studies describing human gut microbiome responses to any type of exercise stimulus; (c) studies containing healthy adult women and men. We excluded studies containing diet modifications, probiotic or prebiotic consumption, as well as studies focused on diabetes, hypertension, cancer, hormonal dysfunction. Methodological quality and risk of bias for each study were assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies—of Interventions tool. The results from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are shown independently. Results A total of 17 articles were eligible for inclusion: ten cross-sectional and seven longitudinal studies. Main outcomes vary significantly according to physical activity amounts in longitudinal studies. We identified discrete changes in diversity indexes and relative abundance of certain bacteria in active people. Conclusion As literature in this field is rapidly growing, it is important that studies incorporate diverse methods to evaluate other aspects related to active lifestyles such as sleep and dietary patterns. Exploration of other groups such as viruses, archaea and parasites may lead to a better understanding of gut microbiota adaptation to physical activity and sports and its potentially beneficial effects on host metabolism and endurance.
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MacDonell, Christopher W., and Phillip F. Gardiner. "Mechanisms and functional implications of motoneuron adaptations to increased physical activity." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, no. 11 (November 2018): 1186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0185.
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Motoneurons demonstrate adaptations in their physiological properties to alterations in chronic activity levels. The most consistent change that appears to result from endurance-type exercise training is the reduced excitatory current required to initiate and maintain rhythmic firing. While the precise mechanisms through which these neurons adapt to activity are currently unknown, evidence exists that adaptation may involve alterations in the expression of genes that code for membrane receptors, which can influence the responses of neurons to transmitters during activation. The influence of these adaptations may also extend to the resting condition, where ambient levels of neuroactive substances may influence ion conductances at rest, and thus result in the activation or inhibition of specific ion conductances that underlie the measurements of increased excitability that have been reported for motoneurons in the anesthetised state. We have applied motoneuron excitability and muscle unit contractile changes with endurance training to a mathematical computerized model of motor unit recruitment (Heckman and Binder 1991; J. Neurophysiol. 65(4):952–967). The results from the modelling exercise demonstrate increased task efficiency at relative levels of effort during a submaximal contraction. The physiological impact that nerve and muscle adaptations have on the neuromuscular system during standardized tasks seem to fit with reported changes in motor unit behaviour in trained human subjects.
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KaluĐerović, Goran N., Vesna M. Đinović, Zorica D. Juranić, Tatjana P. Stanojković, and Tibor J. Sabo. "Activity of some platinum(II/IV) complexes with edda-type ligands against human adenocarcinoma HeLa cells." Journal of Coordination Chemistry 59, no. 7 (May 10, 2006): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958970500404708.
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Charytoniuk, Tomasz, Hubert Zywno, Klaudia Berk, Wiktor Bzdega, Adrian Kolakowski, Adrian Chabowski, and Karolina Konstantynowicz-Nowicka. "The Endocannabinoid System and Physical Activity—A Robust Duo in the Novel Therapeutic Approach against Metabolic Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (March 12, 2022): 3083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063083.
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Rapidly increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity and related pathologies encompassing coronary heart disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes constitute serious threats to global health and are associated with a significantly elevated risk of premature death. Considering the enormous burden of these pathologies, novel therapeutic and preventive patterns are indispensable. Dysregulation of one of the most complex biological systems in the human body namely, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may result in metabolic imbalance and development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Furthermore, many studies showed that physical exercises, depending on their type, intensity, and frequency, exert various alterations within the ECS. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting the ECS via physical activity may produce robust beneficial effects on the course of metabolic pathologies. However, the data showing a direct correlation between the ECS and physical activity in the aspect of metabolic health are very scarce. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide the most up-to-date state of knowledge about the interplay between the ECS activity and physical exercises in the novel therapeutic and preventive approach toward metabolic pathologies. We believe that this paper, at least in part, will fulfill the existing gap in knowledge and encourage researchers to further explore this very complex yet interesting link between the ECS, its action in physical activity, and subsequent positive outcomes for metabolic health.
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Czech, Szymon, Jacek Hermanson, Piotr Rodak, Tomasz Stołtny, Łukasz Rodak, Sławomir Kasperczyk, Bogdan Koczy, and Michał Mielnik. "Sports Activity Following Cementless Metaphyseal Hip Joint Arthroplasty." Journal of Human Kinetics 60, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0112.
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Abstract An adequate level of physical activity has a substantial effect on both mental and physical human health. Physical activity is largely dependent on the function of the musculoskeletal and articular system. One of the most frequent diseases of this system is degenerative joint disease. Due to the changing and more demanding lifestyles and patients’ willingness to be involved in sports activity, the expectations of hip joint arthroplasty are becoming increasingly high. Alleviating pain ceases to be the only reason for which patients choose surgical interventions, while the expectations often include involvement in various sports. Only few studies contain recommendations concerning the frequency, type and intensity of sports activity which are acceptable after hip joint arthroplasty. The aim of the study was to evaluate function and physical activity of people following cementless short-stem hip joint arthroplasty in the observation of at least five years. The study group comprised 106 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty due to degenerative joint diseases, chosen according to inclusion criteria. Patients underwent routine physical examinations following the Harris Hip Score protocol, responded to the UCLA scale and questionnaires concerning pre-surgical and current physical activity. Our results demonstrated that hip joint arthroplasty in people suffering from degenerative joint diseases has a beneficial effect on their level of functioning and physical activity. Although physical activity and the level of functioning obviously reduced as a person aged, the level of physical activity continued to be very high in both groups, with function of the hip joint evaluated as very good.
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Nogalska, Adrianna, Mario Ammendola, Carla A. M. Portugal, Bartosz Tylkowski, Joao G. Crespo, and Ricard Garcia – Valls. "Polysulfone biomimetic membrane for CO2 capture." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 05 (October 2018): 1850046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718500467.
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Constant increase of greenhouse gas emission by human activity causes a climate change, with carbon dioxide as the main contributor. In nature, CO2 fixation takes place in leaves where carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the hydration reaction. Inspired by this photosynthesis process, we come with a polysulfone biomimetic membrane containing CA for CO2 capture. Two immobilization approaches were investigated: physical and chemical. For this reason, we prepared a blank polysulfone membrane to physically adsorb the enzyme on its surface, and a membrane with dispersed ferritic nanoparticles -NH2 terminated used for covalent binding of the enzyme. The scope of this study is to evaluate the influence of the immobilization type on the enzyme activity. The obtained nanoparticles and membranes were characterized by TEM, WAXD, EDX, SEM and CA, respectively. The attached amount was determined by ICP, whereas the activity and CO2 solubility were estimated experimentally. Studies showed that the enzyme is attached more efficiently by the physical adsorption. Nevertheless, covalent binding favors its activity by stabilizing the structure.
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Yachnyk, M., I. Iachniuk, and I. Iachniuk. "Cycling as way increasing women motor activity." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 12(120) (December 25, 2019): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2019.12(120)19.25.
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The article focuses on the fact that the leading condition for the physical development of a human is to achieve success in a healthy lifestyle. Healthy living is a practical action aimed at preventing diseases, strengthening all systems of the body and improving the overall well-being of the person. Optimal motor activity basis of the method of formation of healthy lifestyle, which influences different spheres of modern human life. Its need is determined by the patterns of normal growth and body development. It provides for the development and improvement of various processes of vital activity, support and promotion of health. Human physical activity with harmonious combination exercise, are indispensable means of preventing diseases, important factors for promoting human health and maintaining its efficiency. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, daily motor activity includes types of movements aimed at meeting the natural human needs (sleep, personal hygiene, eating, efforts spent on its preparation, purchase of products), as well as training and production activities, and specially organized physical activity combines various forms of exercise in its structure. The uniqueness of cycling is that during training you not only imitate mountain biking, but also exercise, and all this is done under pleasant music and under the guidance of an experienced trainer and lasts 45-55 minutes. During the exercise, almost all skeletal muscles are activated, and the load is distributed almost evenly into the upper and lower body. Variety of physical exercises, accuracy of dosing of loads, make the exercise on bikes accessible to people of different age categories. One of the main conditions for the physical development of young people, achieving success in a healthy life is health itself. Human health depends on the lifestyle that characterizes the conditions and features of daily life. Lifestyles cover different spheres: work, study, life, social life, culture, people's behavior and their spiritual values.
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Kozlova, T., and G. Boyko. "Relationship between motional activity and healthy lifestyle of higher education." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 4(134) (April 16, 2021): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.4(134).17.
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The article reveals the relationship between physical activity and a healthy lifestyle of higher education. The concept of a healthy lifestyle and physical activity is defined. An approach to determining the norms of motor activity is proposed, which is based on taking into account the impact of muscular activity on health, functional reserves of the body, physical fitness. It was found that physical activity is determined by biological, socio-economic and cultural factors and depends on the type of occupation, individual psychological, physical and functional characteristics of man, the amount of free time and the nature of its use, accessibility of sports facilities and recreation areas, and climatic and geographical conditions. Many authors have proven that the main component of a healthy lifestyle is physical activity. Experts point out that physical activity is an important factor in maintaining high human performance. It acts as a means of motor function and has a general biological significance. Muscle activity has been shown to be the best way to stimulate various body systems.
Healthy lifestyle in the domestic literature means such forms and ways of daily life that meet the principles of hygiene, strengthen the adaptive capacity of the body, contribute to the successful recovery, maintenance and development of reserve capabilities, full performance of social functions.
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Lee, Shinhui, Hee-Soo Seol, Sanung Eom, Jaeeun Lee, Chaelin Kim, Jong-Hwan Park, Tae-Hwan Kim, and Junho H. Lee. "Hydroxy Pentacyclic Triterpene Acid, Kaempferol, Inhibits the Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine Type 3A Receptor Activity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010544.
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Monoamine serotonin is a major neurotransmitter that acts on a wide range of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system functions and is known to have a role in various processes. Recently, it has been found that 5-HT is involved in cognitive and memory functions through interaction with cholinergic pathways. The natural flavonoid kaempferol (KAE) extracted from Cudrania tricuspidata is a secondary metabolite of the plant. Recently studies have confirmed that KAE possesses a neuroprotective effect because of its strong antioxidant activity. It has been confirmed that KAE is involved in the serotonergic pathway through an in vivo test. However, these results need to be confirmed at the molecular level, because the exact mechanism that is involved in such effects of KAE has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this study is to confirm the interaction of KAE with 5-HT3A through electrophysiological studies at the molecular level using KAE extracted from Cudrania tricuspidata. This study confirmed the interaction between 5-HT3A and KAE at the molecular level. KAE inhibited 5-HT3A receptors in a concentration-dependent and voltage-independent manner. Site-directed mutagenesis and molecular-docking studies confirmed that the binding sites D177 and F199 are the major binding sites of human 5-HT3A receptors of KAE.
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Chun, Rene F., O. J. Semmes, Christine Neuveut, and Kuan-Teh Jeang. "Modulation of Sp1 Phosphorylation by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat." Journal of Virology 72, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 2615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.4.2615-2629.1998.
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ABSTRACT We previously reported (K. T. Jeang, R. Chun, N. H. Lin, A. Gatignol, C. G. Glabe, and H. Fan, J. Virol. 67:6224–6233, 1993) that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat and Sp1 form a protein-protein complex. Here, we have characterized the physical interaction and a functional consequence of Tat-Sp1 contact. Using in vitro protein chromatography, we mapped the region in Tat that contacts Sp1 to amino acids 30 to 55. We found that in cell-free reactions, Tat augmented double-stranded DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)-mediated Sp1 phosphorylation in a contact-dependent manner. Tat mutants that do not bind Sp1 failed to influence phosphorylation of the latter. In complementary experiments, we also found that Tat forms protein-protein contacts with DNA-PK. We confirmed that in HeLa and Jurkat cells, Tat expression indeed increased the intracellular amount of phosphorylated Sp1 in a manner consistent with the results of cell-free assays. Furthermore, using two phosphatase inhibitors and a kinase inhibitor, we demonstrated a modulation of reporter gene expression as a consequence of changes in Sp1 phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings suggest that activity at the HIV-1 promoter is influenced by phosphorylation of Sp1 which is affected by Tat and DNA-PK.
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Levine, James A. "Non-exercise activity thermogenesis." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 62, no. 3 (August 2003): 667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2003281.
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Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expended that is not from sleeping, eating or sports-like exercise. It ranges from the energy expended walking to work, typing, performing yard work, undertaking agricultural tasks and fidgeting. NEAT can be measured by one of two approaches. The first approach is to measure or estimate total NEAT. Here, total daily energy expenditure is measured and from it is subtracted BMR + thermic effect of food. The second is the factoral approach whereby the components of NEAT are quantified and total NEAT calculated by summing these components. The amount of NEAT that human subjects perform represents the product of the amount and types of physical activities and the thermogenic cost of each activity. The factors that affect the NEAT of a human subject are readily divisible into biological factors, such as weight, gender and body composition, and environmental factors, such as occupation or dwelling within a ‘concrete jungle’. The combined impact of these factors explains the substantial variance in human NEAT. The variability in NEAT might be viewed as random but human data contradict this perception. It appears that changes in NEAT subtly accompany experimentally-induced changes in energy balance and are important in the physiology of weight change. NEAT and sedentariness may thus be important in obesity. It then becomes intriguing to dissect mechanistic studies that delineate how NEAT is regulated by neural, peripheral and humoral factors. NEAT may be a carefully-regulated ‘tank’ of physical activity that is crucial for weight control.
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Tzemah Shahar, Roy, Omry Koren, Sarah Matarasso, Tamar Shochat, Faiga Magzal, and Maayan Agmon. "Attributes of Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome in Adults: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 12 (May 26, 2020): 801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1157-9257.
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AbstractGrowing evidence shows the contribution of physical activity interventions to the gut microbiome. However, specific physical activity characteristics that can modify the gut microbiome are unknown. This review’s aim was to explore the contribution of physical activity intervention characteristics on human gut microbiome composition, in terms of diversity, specific bacterial groups, and associated gut microbiome metabolites. A literature search in PubMed; Cochrane Library; CINAHL-EBSCO; SCOPUS; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; PROSPERO; and ProQuest. Five studies met the inclusion criteria of a physical activity intervention duration of at least five weeks, with any description of the type or dose used. All included studies reported an endurance training; two studies used endurance and an additional muscle-strengthening training regimen. All studies reported using a dietary intervention control. Reported gut microbiome α-diversity changes were non-significant, β-diversity changes were mixed (three studies reported an increase, two reported non-significant changes). All studies reported significant changes in the abundances of specific bacterial/archaea groups and bacteria-related metabolites following interventions. In conclusion, physical activity (regardless of specific characteristics) has significant contribution to gut microbiome composition and associated metabolites. There are no current recommendations for physical activity to promote gut microbiome composition. Future studies should focus on the contribution of current recommended physical activity dose to gut microbiome composition.
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Wala, Kamila, Wojciech Szlasa, Natalia Sauer, Paulina Kasperkiewicz-Wasilewska, Anna Szewczyk, Jolanta Saczko, Nina Rembiałkowska, Julita Kulbacka, and Dagmara Baczyńska. "Anticancer Efficacy of 6-Gingerol with Paclitaxel against Wild Type of Human Breast Adenocarcinoma." Molecules 27, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 2693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092693.
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Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, and despite the dynamic development of anticancer therapies, 5-year survival in the metastatic stage is still less than 30%. 6-Gingerol (1-[4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone) is a substance contained in ginger, which exhibits anti-cancer properties. Paclitaxel is a cytostatic substance used to treat breast cancer, but its therapeutically effective dose has many adverse effects. The aim of the presented study was to assess the anticancer effect of 6-gingerol and the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of Paclitaxel in the death induction of wild type human breast cancer cells. MCF-7/WT cells were treated with drugs—6-gingerol and paclitaxel at selected concentrations. The mitochondrial activity assay, caspase 7 activity assay, ATP assay, microscopy studies, and RT-PCR assays were performed to evaluate the antitumor activity and mechanism of action of both compounds, alone and in combination. After 72 h of incubation, the mitochondrial activity showed that the combination of 5 nM Paclitaxel with 10 µM 6-Gingerol led to the same decrease in viability as the use of 20 nM Paclitaxel alone; 10 µM 6-Gingerol led to an enhancement of caspase 7 activity, with the highest activity observed after 24 h of incubation. A real-time PCR study showed that 6-Gingerol induces the simultaneous transcription of Bax with TP53 genes in large excess to BCL-2. In contrast, 5 nM Paclitaxel induces TP53 transcription in excess of BCL-2 and Bax. Our results suggest that 6-Gingerol may act as a cell death-inducing agent in cancer cells and, in combination with paclitaxel, and increase the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy.
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Nowak, Maria Alicja. "Physical Culture Patterns in the Lifestyle of the Polish Society." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2013-0001.
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Abstract Society's lifestyles, influenced by the evolving preferences of values of subsequent generations, are subject to gradual changes. This variation in lifestyles requires a reflection on the patterns of physical culture and values amongst the youth, adults and the elderly. Patterns of physical culture shaped in the European tradition are also present in the contemporary lifestyles of all generations. People's choices concerning physical culture depend on the type and level of their physical activity, attitudes towards of the body, age, gender and education. In the classic physical types distinguished by Polish sociologists we can identify positive traits conducive to human development, traits inducing controversial attitude, and clearly negative ones that are health-threatening. In conclusion the paper puts forward a question about the direction of the development of physical culture patterns in future and the level of recognition of particular values by different generations. Some of the contemporary lifestyles arouse concerns of educators.
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Baek, Kyung-Wan, Ji-Seok Kim, and Jun-Il Yoo. "Relationship Between METTL21C Gene Expression and Exercise in Human Skeletal Muscle: A Meta-Analysis." Exercise Science 30, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2021.30.1.102.
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PURPOSE: Recently, METTL21C has been identified as a potential pleiotropic gene for osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to collect gene expression datasets of human skeletal muscle transcriptome and to determine their relationship to exercise through meta-analysis.METHODS: MetaMEx was used to determine whether METTL21C in human skeletal muscle was associated with age, sex, physical activity and obesity. In addition, the difference in gene expression of METTL21C according to exercise duration and exercise type was confirmed. Using MetaMEx, top 300 genes (positive and negative, respectively) with a high correlation with METTL21C were selected, and gene ontology analysis was performed to identify related pathways.RESULTS:The expression of METTL21C gene in human skeletal muscle was significantly lower in the elderly than in young subjects (p<.0001), and significantly lower in female than in male (p<.0001). Also, the obese subjects were significantly lower than lean subjects (p<.0001). However, subjects with high level of physical activity had significantly higher expression of METTL21C than subjects with low levels of physical activity (p<.0001). Acute resistance exercise (p<.0001) and acute high-intensity interval training (p<.05) were found to have significantly higher expression of METTL21C in the skeletal muscle of the exercise group compared to the control group. Aerobic exercise training (p<.0001) and resistance exercise training (p<.0001) showed significantly higher expression of METTL21C in the skeletal muscle of the exercise group compared to the control group.CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity and exercise is important to prevent and treat osteosarcopenia because it can increase the expression of METTL21C in human skeletal muscle and maintain bone and muscle homeostasis.
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Aoshi, Taiki, Yasunari Haseda, Kouji Kobiyama, Hirotaka Narita, Hideaki Sato, Hirokazu Nankai, Shinichi Mochizuki, et al. "Development of Nonaggregating Poly-A Tailed Immunostimulatory A/D Type CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Applicable for Clinical Use." Journal of Immunology Research 2015 (2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/316364.
Full textAbstract:
Immunostimulatory CpG ODNs have been developed and utilized as TLR9-dependent innate immune activators and vaccine adjuvants. Four different types of immunostimulatory CpG ODNs (A/D, B/K, C, and P type) have been reported. A/D type ODNs are characterized by high IFN-αproduction but intrinsically form aggregates, hindering its good manufacturing practice grade preparation. In this study, we developed several D35-derived ODNs (a commonly used A/D type ODN), which were modified with the addition of a phosphorothioate polynucleotide tail (such as dAs40), and examined their physical properties, solubility in saline, immunostimulatory activity on human PBMCs, and vaccine adjuvant potential in monkeys. We found that two modified ODNs including D35-dAs40 and D35core-dAs40 were immunostimulatory, similar to original D35 in human PBMCs, resulting in high IFN-αsecretion in a dose-dependent manner. Physical property analysis by dynamic light scattering revealed that both D35-dAs40 and D35core-dAs40 did not form aggregates in saline, which is currently impossible for the original D35. Furthermore, D35-dAs40 and D35core-dAs40 worked as better vaccine adjuvant in monkeys. These results suggested that D35-dAs40 and D35core-dAs40 are two promising prototypes of nonaggregating A/D type ODN with advantages of ease of drug preparation for clinical applications as vaccine adjuvants or IFN-αinducing immunomodifiers.
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Jaggers, Jason R., Timothy McKay, Kristi M. King, Bradly J. Thrasher, and Kupper A. Wintergerst. "Integration of Consumer-Based Activity Monitors into Clinical Practice for Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 10, 2021): 10611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010611.
Full textAbstract:
Current technology commonly utilized in diabetes care includes continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and insulin pumps. One often overlooked critical component to the human glucose response is daily physical activity habits. Consumer-based activity monitors may be a valid way for clinics to collect physical activity data, but whether or not children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) would wear them or use the associated mobile application is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of implementing a consumer-based accelerometer directly into ongoing care for adolescents managing T1D. Methods: Adolescents with T1D were invited to participate in this study and instructed to wear a mobile physical activity monitor while also completing a diet log for a minimum of 3 days. Clinical compliance was defined as the number of participants who were compliant with all measures while also having adequate glucose recordings using either a CGM, insulin pump, or on the diet log. Feasibility was defined as >50% of the total sample reaching clinical compliance. Results: A total of 57 children and teenagers between the ages of 7 and 19 agreed to participate in this study and were included in the final analysis. Chi-square results indicated significant compliance for activity tracking (p < 0.001), diet logs (p = 0.04), and overall clinical compliance (p = 0.04). Conclusion: More than half the children in this study were compliant for both activity monitoring and diet logs. This indicates that it is feasible for children with T1D to wear a consumer-based activity monitor while also recording their diet for a minimum of three days.
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Rodero, Antonio, and Dorota Anna Krawczyk. "Carbon Dioxide Human Gains—A New Approach of the Estimation." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 7128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247128.
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Human health is dependent on the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of residential and public buildings, where people spend a substantial amount of time. Part of IAQ parameters, like temperature or humidity influence the thermal comfort of users, whereas too high carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) could cause various complaints or diseases. In buildings like offices and schools, where we have a brush with a high density of users, the main source of CO2 is simply people. The type of their activity brings higher or lower carbon dioxide gains, that must be taken into account to design and properly use room ventilation, allowing recommended CO2 levels not to be exceeded. This paper presents an approach to marking human CO2 generation off by using an experimental method. The method was verified based on measuring results of six test series conducted in different types of rooms at Bialystok University of Technology (Poland) during lectures, meetings, projects and laboratories. Carbon dioxide gains were comparable with an average value of 0.0045 L/s, which corresponds to theoretical CO2 generation rates that are symptomatic of males and females, between 16 and 30 years old, with low physical activity.
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Szmyd, Radoslaw, Anna Grazyna Goralczyk, Lukasz Skalniak, Agnieszka Cierniak, Barbara Lipert, Francesca Larese Filon, Matteo Crosera, et al. "Effect of silver nanoparticles on human primary keratinocytes." Biological Chemistry 394, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2012-0202.
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Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have many biological applications in biomedicine, biotechnology and other life sciences. Depending on the size, shape and the type of carrier, AgNPs demonstrate different physical and chemical properties. AgNPs have strong antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal activity, thus they are used extensively in a range of medical settings, particularly in wound dressings but also in cosmetics. This study was undertaken to examine the potential toxic effects of 15 nm polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs on primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). Cells were treated with different concentrations of AgNPs and then cell viability, metabolic activity and other biological and biochemical aspects of keratinocytes functioning were studied. We observed that AgNPs decrease keratinocyte viability, metabolism and also proliferatory and migratory potential of these cells. Moreover, longer exposure resulted in activation of caspase 3/7 and DNA damage. Our studies show for the first time, that AgNPs may present possible danger for primary keratinocytes, concerning activation of genotoxic and cytotoxic processes depending on the concentration.
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Messina, Gaetana, Nicola Tartaglia, Antonio Ambrosi, Chiara Porro, Angelo Campanozzi, Anna Valenzano, Gaetano Corso, et al. "The Beneficial Effects of Physical Activity in Lung Cancer Prevention and/or Treatment." Life 12, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12060782.
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Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer: it has a significant incidence and low survival rates. Lifestyle has an important influence on cancer onset and its progression, indeed environmental factors and smoke are involved in cancer establishment, and in lung cancer. Physical activity is a determinant in inhibiting or slowing lung cancer. Certainly, the inflammation is a major factor responsible for lung cancer establishment. In this scenario, regular physical activity can induce anti-inflammatory effects, reducing ROS production and stimulating immune cell system activity. On lung function, physical activity improves lung muscle strength, FEV1 and forced vital capacity. In lung cancer patients, it reduces dyspnea, fatigue and pain. Data in the literature has shown the effects of physical activity both in in vivo and in vitro studies, reporting that its anti-inflammatory action is determinant in the onset of human diseases such as lung cancer. It has a beneficial effect not only in the prevention of lung cancer, but also on treatment and prognosis. For these reasons, it is retained as an adjuvant in lung cancer treatment both for the administration and prognosis of this type of cancer. The purpose of this review is to analyze the role of physical activity in lung cancer and to recommend regular physical activity and lifestyle changes to prevent or treat this pathology.
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LEITÃO, RAQUEL BEATRIZ. "DIET AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS A UNIVERSAL FOUNDATION FOR CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT AND LIFELONG HEALTH." Society Register 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sr.2018.2.2.07.
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There is strong evidence that good nutrition and regular physical activity reduce the risk of several short-term health problems like anaemia or obesity, while also preventing long-term diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis or cardiovascular diseases. It is important, however, to analyse this relationship under a holistic approach to the concept of health, which goes far beyond disease prevention and comprises well-being. From this perspective, health can be seen as the condition that allows the individual to express his full potential as a human being, considering its interdependent dimensions: physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, vocational, financial and environmental. A healthy lifestyle, including not only diet and physical activity, but also sleeping patterns, as well as other factors that have influence on mental and social well-being, is crucial for an optimal child development. The present analysis focuses on children´s diet and physical activity as key determinants of health under a life-course approach. We discuss the early origins of health and disease, along with factors associated with the “building” of diet and physical activity habits that set the foundations for lifelong health.