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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Type B'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Gretton, Heather Margaret. "Platelet monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) activity in psychopathy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30619.

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Studies of platelet MAO-B activity have revealed a link between low platelet activity and psychiatric syndromes characterized by an inability to control impulses and to anticipate future consequences of behavior (Oreland, 1980; Gottfries, von Knorring, & Oreland, 1980). These characteristics are fundamental to the construct of psychopathy, and we might therefore expect that psychopathy is associated with low MAO activity. Indeed, some investigators have suggested that low platelet MAO-B activity is a potential marker for vulnerability to psychopathy (Schalling, Asberg, Edman, & Oreland, 1987). However, no study to date has directly examined the association between platelet MAO activity and psychometrically-sound indices of psychopathy. The present study measured platelet MAO-B activity in a sample of 54 male offenders, assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991). PCL-R scores were not significantly related to level of platelet MAO activity. The results are discussed in terms of methodological issues involved in conducting biochemical research.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

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2

McErlean, Neil Desmond. "Spectroscopic studies of B-type supergiants." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287448.

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3

Chow, Chak-On 1968. "Noncommutative symmetric functions of type B." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8640.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-107).
The noncommutative symmetric functions Sym of Gelfand et al. give not only a lifting of the well-developed commutative theory of symmetric functions to the non-commutative level, but also relate the descent algebras of Solomon and the quasi-symmetric functions, where the latter are dual to the noncommutative symmetric functions equipped with the internal product, which are anti-isomorphic to the descent algebras. Using this anti-isomorphism, properties of both noncommutative symmetric functions and of descent algebras can be studied. Generalizations of the above theory are made in the present work. The starting point is the quasi-symmetric functions of type B, BQSym, which are shown to have an algebra, a comodule, and a coalgebra structures. The noncommutative symmetric functions BSym are then introduced as a module over Sym dual to the comodule structure of BQSym. It is then made into a coalgebra dual to the algebra structure of BQSym, and into an algebra dual to the coalgebra structure of BQSym. The latter duality defines the internal product *B on BSym, which makes (BSym, *B) anti-isomorphic to the descent algebra [Sigma]Bn of the hyperoctahedral groups Bn, studied by Bergeron and Bergeron.
(cont.) Lie idempotents of both BSym and [Sigma]Bn are then studied via the anti-isomorphism. In particular, a one-parameter family of Lie idempotents, which is a q-analog of a known idempotent, is found. A specialization of this family gives, in the descent algebra [Sigma]B, a Dynkin-like idempotent whose action on words is a signed left bracketing. Natural noncommutative generalizations of the Eulerian numbers and of the Euler numbers of type B are given. By a specialization, formulas for some refinements of the Euler numbers of type B are also derived.
by Chak-On Chow.
Ph.D.

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4

Draviam, Viji Mythily. "Studies on human B- type cyclins." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620365.

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5

Bidard, Isabelle. "Le vaccin anti-"Haemophilus influenzae" type b." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P075.

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6

Nichols, Judith Ann 1957. "The Effect of Type A and Type B Personality and Leadership Style on Absenteeism." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500996/.

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This study explored the relationship of Type A/B personality and leadership style to absenteeism. Absenteeism data were gathered for 243 male fire fighters and fire engineers. Each subject was administered the Jenkins Activity Scale to measure his Type A characteristics and the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire to measure his perception of his supervisor's leadership style. The results, though non-significant, revealed that: a) Type A's had less absenteeism than type B's; b) Subjects who perceived their supervisors as being low on consideration had less absenteeism than those who perceived their supervisors as being high on this dimension; c) Type A's absenteeism was low and Type B's was high when working under a leader perceived as low on structure. Finally, a weak but significant three-way interaction effect revealed that the highest amount of absenteeism occurred when Type B' s worked under supervisors who were high in consideration and low in structure. The least amount of absenteeism occurred when Type A's worked under supervisors who were high in structure and low in consideration.

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7

Galiffa, Daniel. "THE SHEFFER B-TYPE 1 ORTHOGONAL POLYNOMIAL SEQUENCES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3859.

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In 1939, I.M. Sheffer proved that every polynomial sequence belongs to one and only one $type$. Sheffer extensively developed properties of the $B$-\emph{Type 0} polynomial sequences and determined which sets are also orthogonal. He subsequently generalized his classification method to the case of arbitrary $B$-\emph{Type k} by constructing the generalized generating function $A(t)\mathrm=\sum_^\infty$, with $H_i(t)=h_t^i+h_t^+\cdots,\phantomh_\neq 0$. Although extensive research has been done on characterizing polynomial sequences, no analysis has yet been completed on sets of type one or higher ($k\geq1$). We present a preliminary analysis of a special case of the $B$-\emph{Type 1} ($k=1$) class, which is an extension of the $B$-\emph{Type 0} class, in order to determine which sets, if any, are also orthogonal sets. Lastly, we consider an extension of this research and comment on future considerations. In this work the utilization of computer algebra packages is indispensable, as computational difficulties arise in the $B$-\emph{Type 1} class that are unlike those in the $B$-\emph{Type 0} class.
Ph.D.
Department of Mathematics
Sciences
Mathematics PhD

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8

Maree, Michelle Nerine. "An alternative treatment for type B Ulnar Polydactyly." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2845.

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Includes summary.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-50).
Rudimentary ulnar polydactyly is one of the most common congenital hand anomalies. These are conventionally treated by suture ligation in the neonatal period or by formal excision, when the child is one year of age. For the last three years, the Congenital Hand Unit at Red Cross Children’s Hospital has used vascular clip ligation as an alternative method of treatment for rudimentary ulnar polydactyly, based on the same principle as suture ligation, but with less associated complications. A study was performed at the unit, where two hundred and nineteen supernumerary digits were treated over a two-year period. The digits were ligated using a vascular clip, as an outpatient procedure.

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9

Loop, Charles Teorell. "Generalized B-spline surfaces of arbitrary topological type /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6888.

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10

Royer-Lebreton, Anne Crochet Pierre-Dominique. "Facteurs pronostiques des dissections aortiques de type B." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/SPEroyer.pdf.

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11

Mathews, Bryant Gregory. "Canonical dimension of projective homogeneous varieties of inner type A and type B." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1835130541&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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12

Tsai, Francis T. F. "Crystallographic studies of DNA gyrase B protein." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390473.

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13

Smith, Nicholas Charles. "Attention allocation in type A and type B individuals : performance effects and psychophysiological consequences." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413148.

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14

Adams, Jolene Lowry. "The Relationship of Type A and Type B Coronary Behavior Patterns and Achievement Striving." DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5956.

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The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic replication of the experiment of Burnam, Pennebaker, and Glass (1973) using an adult population and the Jenkins Activity Survey. Additionally, this study attempted to address the issue of whether the previous results would be substantiated when a non-college sample was used. The subjects consisted of40 females and 40 males who volunteered to participate in the study. All subjects were given the Jenkins Activity Survey and randomly assigned to Condition I, the No Deadline condition, or Condition II, the Deadline condition. The subjects in the No Deadline condition were given arithmetic problems with no time limit instructions, and subjects in the Deadline condition were given arithmetic problems with instructions which stated a time limit. The results indicated that college students performed differently than the employed adults used in this study. Unlike the original study, this study using adults did not find a significant main effect for the Deadline versus No Deadline condition. Although the interaction effects were statistically significant in both studies, the reported interaction effects were not similar.

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15

Cox, Selwyn Lewis Garvan Institute of Medical Research Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "The role of B cells in type 1 diabetes." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43789.

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Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys the insulin-producing beta cells within the pancreas. Due to the difficulty of obtaining relevant tissue samples from patients at risk of disease, many researchers have utilized the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse as a model of T1D due to their natural high susceptibility for this disease which shares many characteristics with human patients. This model has been critical for uncovering many mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of T1D including the key roles played by autoreactive T cells in the destruction of beta cells. More recently, NOD mice have shown that self-reactive B cells act as important antigen presenting cells for activating and amplifying the T cell response against beta cells. In order to identify faulty self-tolerance mechanisms causing production and activation of B cells recognizing beta cell proteins, we have developed a transgenic mouse model whereby elevated numbers of B cells are made specific for a neo-self antigen whose expression is restricted to beta cells on the T1D-prone NOD genetic background and compared it to that of transgenic mice of the non-autoimmune prone C57BL/6 (B6) genetic background. These studies revealed that NOD and B6 B cells can both be effectively tolerized to the model beta cell-restricted antigen. However, provision of help from activated T cells readily overturned this tolerance on the NOD but not the B6 background. Prior evidence has associated Idd5 (chromosome 1) and Idd9/11 (chromosome 4) diabetes susceptibility loci in NOD mice with the development of self reactive B cells contributing to T1D. The gene encoding CTLA-4 has been identified as the major candidate susceptibility gene within Idd5, thus leading to our studies comparing B cell expression of this molecule in NOD and diabetes-resistant strains. Although almost always associated with down-modulating T cells responses, our studies and that of others confirm expression of CTLA-4 by activated B cells. We encountered B cell expression of CTLA-4 to vary from that of T cells, being expressed earlier and predominantly on the cell surface rather than within intracellular vesicles. Our studies also showed aberrant expression of different splice variants of CTLA-4 by NOD B cells compared to diabetes-resistant mice controlled by genes within and outside the Idd5 genetic locus. Hence, these studies raise the possibility that CTLA-4 may contribute to T1D through its actions on both T and B cells. Given the large nature of the Idd9/11 susceptibility locus in NOD mice and the absence of any strong candidate genes that may influence the diabetogenic capacity of B cells in this strain, we resorted to microarray technology to reveal putative genes within this genomic region with the potential to control the B cell phenotype. We focused our microarray studies on the first transitional (T1) B cell population in the spleen given that it is an important stage of tolerance to peripherally expressed self-antigens which have been found to possess various defects in NOD mice. Comparing gene expression profiles of NOD T1 B cells that expressed susceptibility or resistance alleles at the Idd9/11 locus identified 20 differentially expressed genes with the potential to contribute to development of diabetogenic B cells. Overall, data presented in this thesis provides a greater understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying B cell contribution to T1D in NOD mice. These data are hoped to eventually lead to the development of selective strategies for removing or inhibiting only those B cells that contribute to development of T1D while ensuring that humoral immunity to foreign pathogens remains intact in human patients at risk of developing disease.

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16

Miemietz, Vanessa. "On representations of affine Hecke algebras of type B." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB12103647.

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17

Kalies, Helen. "Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in German children." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-65220.

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18

Wade, Gregg Allan. "Investigations of the magnetic A and B type stars." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0023/NQ31167.pdf.

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19

Barbour, Marina Louise. "Conjugate vaccine and carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358581.

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20

Peter, Ashley J. "A near-ultraviolet spectroscopic survey of B-type asteroids." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114122.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 29-31).
This study aimed to evaluate the presence of spectral slope variations of B-type asteroids in the near-ultraviolet wavelength range and further compare variations to those found in the near-infrared (de Leon et al., 2012) and infrared (All-Lagoa et al., 2013). New observations of 19 B-type asteroids were obtained using the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) and additional observations were collected on the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) and Isaac Newton Telescope (INT). After identifying appropriate solar analogs for spectral reduction, it was found that 1) not all asteroids are B-types as classified by the M4AST online tool (Popescu et al., 2012), and 2) spectral slope variations were present amongst the B-type asteroids. These spectral slope variations could not be traced to the use of certain solar analogs or differences in airmass during observations. Furthermore, these variations were in good agreement spectral slope variations of carbonaceous chondrites, particularly in the near-UV region. These results support the work of de Leon et al. (2012) and Alf-Lagoa et al. (2013) in identifying spectral slope variations and contributing to a three-part survey of B-type asteroids across different wavelengths.
by Ashley J. Peter.
S.B.

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21

Vedolin, Nicolas. "Erweiterungsbau Kunsthaus Diplomthema B /." Zürich : ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Departement Architektur, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=325.

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22

Hodik, Monika. "Enterovirus Implications in Type 1 Diabetes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk immunologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204378.

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Human enteroviruses (HEVs), particularly Coxsackie B viruses (CVBs), might trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D), either by direct infection of the insulin-producing beta-cells or by an indirect inflammatory response. The overall aim of this thesis was to study the tropism of HEVs in isolated human pancreatic cell clusters in vitro including virus effects on islet function, gene-expression and ultrastructure. Furthermore, the expression of the major CVB-receptor, CAR, was investigated in pancreatic tissue from T1D-related subjects and CVB-infected islets. Also, tissues and isolated islets from two adult organ-donors who died close to disease onset were studied.The results showed that beta-cells were destroyed through lytic infections with different strains of CVBs and that islets function did not depend on replication per se but on the degree of islet destruction. Virus particles were observed in beta-cells in association with insulin granules, however no virus replication or particles could be observed in the exocrine cell clusters, as opposed to in mice models. The virus-infected islets had a decreased expression of insulin mRNA and CAR mRNA/protein, possibly reflecting virus-killed beta-cells. Infected beta-cells contained a high number of insulin granules, which might indicate an impaired function.The in vivo studies showed presence of virus proteins in the islets of both donors who died close to onset of T1D and elevated expression of innate immunity genes, potentially indicating viral infection, but direct evidence is lacking. Both donors were immune-reactive for insulin but the isolated islets had an impaired or completely lacking glucose response. Ultrastructural analysis showed both damaged beta-cells and normal-looking beta-cells, indicating that the latter might still have the potential to function but were blocked. CAR-expression was significantly increased in T1D-related subjects which might indicate tissue damage and/or inflammation in these subjects.To conclude, these results showed that CVBs could infect human primary beta-cells, likely by binding to CAR and lead to functional abnormalities, indicating that they could cause T1D in vivo. Exocrine cells were not permissive to CVB, which raises the question if mice-models should be used to study human pancreatitis. Also, unique materials from two T1D organ-donors were described.

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23

Kodituwakku, Aruna Poojitha. "Antigen specific B cells in the immune response to Haemophilus influenzae type b PRP conjugate vaccine /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk769.pdf.

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24

Yee, Arthur Raymond. "Specificity at the b mating type locus of Ustilago maydis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ27270.pdf.

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25

Nguyen, Vu Xuan 1957. "Drug surveillance system for type B adverse effects: a vision." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22865.

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Since type B adverse drug reactions tend to be rare and serious, they tend to be treated by tertiary-care specialists; and since they are commonly iatrogenic, the specialists should be concerned to document carefully not only the case per se but also the drug use history, leading to practice data of good research quality. The specialist should also be concerned to submit the data record to a central facility that would supply the probabilities, evidence-based, that a recent drug use by a patient caused the adverse event. Continual and systematic accumulation of these data records at the central facility--using the same logistic and organizational framework for each of different type B events--provides for both the numerator and denominator series for etiologic research. Since the targeted events are quite rare, the catchment population of the "registry" would have to be very large, international in scope, especially if the system is to provide for rapid resolution of crises arising from novel suspicions of type B effects with respect to newly marketed drugs.

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26

Coen, Pietro G. "Mathematical models of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298260.

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27

Brophy, Lisa. "The molecular biology of capsulation of Haemophilus influenzae type b." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260718.

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28

Zheng, Zhong. "ROLE OF SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CLASS B TYPE I IN THYMOPOIESIS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nutrisci_etds/12.

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T cells, which constitute an essential arm in the adaptive immunity, complete their development in the thymus through a process called thymopoiesis. However, thymic involution can be induced by a couple of factors, which impairs T cell functions and is slow to recover. Therefore, understanding how thymopoiesis is regulated may lead effort to accelerate thymic recovery and improve immune functions in thymocyte-depleted patients. In this project, we identified scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), a high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, as a novel modulator in thymopoiesis. In mice, absence of SR-BI causes a significant reduction in thymus size after puberty and a remarkable decrease in thymic output. Consequently, SR-BI-null mice show a narrowed naïve T cell pool in the periphery and blunted T cell responses, indicating that the impaired thymopoiesis due to SR-BI deficiency leads to compromised T cell homeostasis and functions. The impaired thymopoiesis of SR-BI-null mice is featured by a significant reduction in the percentage of earliest T progenitors (ETPs) but unchanged percentages of other thymocyte subtypes, suggesting that SR-BI deficiency causes a reduction in progenitor thymic entry. Further investigations reveal that SR-BI deficiency impairs thymopoiesis through affecting bone marrow progenitor thymic homing without influencing the lymphoid progenitor development in bone marrow. Importantly, SR-BI-null mice exhibit delayed thymic recovery after sublethal irradiation, indicating that SR-BI is also required for thymic regeneration. Using bone marrow transplantation models, we elucidate that it is non-hematopoietic rather than hematopoietic SR-BI deficiency that results in the defects in thymopoiesis. However, SR-BI deficiency-induced hypercholesterolemia is not responsible for the impaired thymopoiesis. Using adrenal transplantation models, we found that absence of adrenal SR-BI is responsible for the impaired thymopoiesis, as shown by that adrenalectomized mice transplanted with SR-BI-null adrenal gland display reduced thymus size, decreased percentage of ETPs and delayed thymic regeneration compared with those transplanted with wild-type adrenal. Altogether, results from this study elucidate a previously unrecognized role of SR-BI in thymopoiesis. We reveal that SR-BI expressed in adrenal gland is critical in maintaining normal T cell development and enhancing thymic regeneration, providing novel links between adrenal functions and T cell development.

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29

D'Souza, Savio Pvb Vitorino Baptista. "Type-B natriuretic peptide (BNP) in myocardia ischaemia-reperfusion injury." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404423.

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30

Hodgkinson, Gina Karen. "Investigation into the functional regulation of GABA [type]B receptors." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440046.

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31

Laming, Brett Allan. "Compartmental modelling of type A and type B medial vestibular nucleus neurons using simplified calcium dynamics." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392324.

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32

Gianelli, Dorothy M. "Comparison study between Type A and Type B individuals' compliance to cardiac rehabilitation following myocardial infarction /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 1987. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/nursing/1987/thesis_nur_1987_giane_compa.pdf.

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33

Karray, Saoussen. "Heterogeneite fonctionnelle des lymphocytes b de leucemie lymphoide chronique de type b : interactions entre signaux non specifiques." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077083.

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34

Karray, Saoussen. "Hétérogénéité fonctionnelle des lymphocytes B de leucémie lymphoïde chronique de type B interactions entre signaux non spécifiques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614704v.

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35

Sundström, Mia. "B cell deviations and type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Immunologi/immunkemi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51509.

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the insulin producing β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are selectively attacked by the immune system. The β-cells are destroyed resulting in a reduced or eliminated insulin production, which in turn lead to a high blood glucose level. The non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is the most commonly used animal model for human T1D. NOD mice develop diabetes spontaneously through a process that closely resembles the human pathogenesis. In both humans and the NOD mouse, disease is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In the NOD mouse, more than 30 insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) loci on 15 chromosomes have been linked to disease susceptibility, however, most of the Idd-regions lack identification of a disease associated gene. B cells are required for T1D development, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully revealed. The aim of this thesis was to dissect B cell-related immune deviations in the NOD mouse, including the underlying genetics of these traits. The TACI receptor binds two ligands, i.e. the cytokines BAFF and APRIL.TACI ligation by APRIL mediates class switch, drives plasma cell differentiation and increases immunoglobulin production. In Paper I, a novel NOD-specific B cell-related trait was identified, i.e. the increased percentage of TACIhigh-expressing splenic B cells, by comparing NOD mice with non-autoimmune disease prone C57BL/6 mice. To investigate if the described TACI trait was controlled by genes linked to any Idd-region, an Idd-focused linkage analysis was performed. The TACI-trait mapped to regions on chromosome 1 and 8, more specifically to the vicinity of the Idd5.4 and Idd22. Interestingly, the linkage to Idd22 was explained by mice ≥61 days of age, suggesting a temporal genetic regulation of TACI expression possibly influenced by the ongoing autoimmune process. In Paper II, the linkage of the TACI trait to chromosome 1 and 8 was confirmed by analyzing the percentage of TACIhigh-expressing B cells in congenic NOD.C1/Idd22 mice. Moreover, the functional consequence of TACI upregulation was investigated, with the focus on plasma cell development and immunoglobulin production. NOD splenic B cells stimulated with APRIL displayed increased numbers of plasma cells and produced higher amounts of IgG and IgA compared to B cells from C57BL/6 mice. Thus, the TACI upregulation on NOD B cells possibly contribute to a B cell compartment which is more disposed to plasma cell differentiation and isotype switch. NOD mice display enhanced and prolonged immune response towards several antigens, including non-self immunoglobulins. In Paper III, the genetic factor(s) controlling the altered immune response against a BALB/c derived monoclonal antibody were dissected. Significant linkage to the Idd1/Idd24, Idd12, and Idd18.1 regions as well as to a proximal region on chromosome 2 (33.5 Mb) was detected. The linkage to Idd1/24 was verified by analyzing a set of H2-congenic NOD and C57BL/6 mice, and the linked region was narrowed down to ~8 Mb. Candidate gene analysis revealed a significant difference in the transcription of the H2-O/DO molecule. This suggests that multiple mechanisms contribute to the loss of immune response control, including an altered MHC class II peptide loading on NOD B cells. In Paper IV, a novel B cell intrinsic receptor for IgM and IgG was revealed. The receptor appeared to be more abundant in NOD mice compared to C57BL/6 mice, as the level of extramembranous IgG monomers and IgM pentamers on peripheral blood B cells from NOD mice was significantly higher compared to C57BL/6 mice. In addition, analysis of immune complex binding using IgG- or IgM-opsonized bacterial particles revealed a higher degree of binding in NOD mice compared with C57BL/6 mice. The enhanced capture of immunoglobulins and immune complexes could thus contribute to the development of T1D by altering normal B cell functions such as activation and immune complex transportation.

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36

Thompson, H. M. A. "Studies of the chemical composition of B-type post AGB stars." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492341.

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This thesis focuses on the analysis of two UV-bright globular cluster B-type post-Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars to better understand their evolutionary status. Current theory proposes that the stars have undergone a gas-dust separation based on abundances obtained. Here, ROA 5701, in w Cen and Barnard 29, in M13, are investigated with high-resolution optical spectra. C, N, 0, Mg, AI, Si and S abundance estimates are determined, finding a general metal underabundance relative to young Galactic B-type stars. Their abundance patterns suggested that the stars have not undergone a gas-dust separation, although they may have evolved from the AGB before the third dredge-up. Gas-dust separation was suggested du~ to low Fe abundances, however, Fe abundances for these stars have previously only been estimated from ultraviolet (UV) spectra. Therefore, the role of optical Fe III absorption lines as abundance diagnostics is investigated, using optical spectra for Galactic B-type supergiants and mainsequence stars. With the observed Fe III spectra for a sample of the supergiants, and synthetic spectra from the model atmosphere codes TLUSTY and CMFGEN, non-LTE effects are found to be small. For a sample of the supergiants and main-sequence stars, LTE abundance estimates are obtained, consistent with previous optical studies and the Galactic environment. This thesis recommends a list of Fe III transitions for estimating reliable iron abundances from. early B-type stellar spectra. Following on from the optical Fe III study, for Barnard 29 and ROA 5701, iron abundances are found from both UV and optical spectra, with the UV abundances lower than those expected from the metallicities of the respective clusters. A similar systematic underabundance for UV Fe abundances isfound for other B-type stars in known metallicity environments, e.g. the Magellanic Clouds. The results indicate that Fe III UV lines may yield abundance values which are systematically too low by typically 0.6 dex and hence should be treated with caution.

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37

Wolff, Jose Luiz Caldas. "Characterization of the Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus type B lef-3 gene." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0009/NQ32773.pdf.

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38

Patel, Alpesh. "Purification and crystallization of recombinant porins from Haemophilus influenzae type B." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/MQ55084.pdf.

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39

Vachon, Vincent. "The permeability of the outer membrane of Haemophilus influenzae type b /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75369.

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Phospholipids and lipopolysaccharide were purified from Haemophilus influenzae type b and combined by sonication to form liposomes which were impermeable to sucrose and to high molecular weight polysaccharides. When outer membrane proteins were incorporated into such liposomes, they became permeable to saccharides up to a molecular weight of about 1,400 daltons. The outer membrane proteins were fractionated on DEAE-Sepharose. Three protein-containing peaks were eluted from the column. Two of these peaks contained mixtures of proteins while the third peak contained only a single species of protein with a molecular weight of 40,000 daltons (40 kDa). When tested in reconstituted vesicles, only the material from this third peak rendered liposomes permeable to sucrose. The molecular weight exclusion limit for the 40 kDa protein matched the estimate of 1,400 daltons determined for the outer membrane.
The relative rates of diffusion of small sugars were determined by measuring the rates of swelling of liposomes reconstituted with the 40 kDa protein. From these rates, a pore diameter of 1.8 nm was estimated using the Renkin equation.
The properties of the 40 kDa protein were also studied using black lipid membranes. When added to the aqueous phase which was bathing a lipid bilayer, this protein caused the conductance of the membrane to increase rapidly. At low protein concentrations, the conductance of the membrane increased in a stepwise fashion with an average single-channel conductance of 1.1 nS in 1.0 M KCl. Single-channel experiments were performed with a variety of different salts. The conductance of single channels was proportional to the specific conductance of the aqueous solution which was bathing the membrane. Current through the pores was proportional to the applied voltage, indicating that these pores are not voltage-controlled. The 40 kDa porin was only slightly cation-selective: the pores were about 1.6 times more permeable to potassium ions than to chloride ions. These properties of the 40 kDa porin are those of large water-filled channels and are characteristic of most bacterial porins. The single-channel conductance of the porin is, however, much smaller than might be expected from its exclusion limit or from its pore diameter estimated by the liposome swelling assay.

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40

Oldridge, Mike. "The molecular basis of Brachydactyly type B : insights into limb development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289118.

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Trundle, C. "Spectroscopic studies of the atmospheres and winds of B-type supergiants." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403151.

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Cox, David Benjamin Turitz. "Characterization and application of type VI-B RNA-targeting CRISPR systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117869.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The ability to modify nucleic acids is critical for establishing the role of genetic and transcribed elements in mediating biological phenotypes. Manipulating endogenous DNA sequences in eukaryotic genomes has been greatly aided by the advent of genome editing technologies that utilize programmable nucleases. DNA nucleases derived from class 2 CRISPR systems, which provide adaptive immunity in prokaryotes through cleavage of nucleic acids using a single, multi-domain, RNA-guided endonuclease, have been particularly useful in this regard because they enable targeting of new sites through simple Watson-Crick base pairing rules. Recent computational studies have uncovered the existence of predicted RNA-targeting class 2 CRISPR systems, suggesting that the power of genome editing techniques might be extended to the level of transcripts. In this thesis, I present work describing the discovery and characterization of a new RNA-targeting class 2 CRISPR system: type VI-B. Using a combination of biochemistry and bacterial genetics, we demonstrated that the predicted nuclease of the VI-B system, Casl3b, is an RNA-guided RNase, whose activity can be modulated by the csx genes that often appear in genetic proximity to casl3b. Next, we characterized the behavior of Casl3b and the related enzymes Casl3a and Casl3c in mammalian cells, identifying orthologs of Casl3a and Casl3b with specific RNA interference activity in mammalian cells. Finally, we showed that catalytically inactive versions of a Casl3b ortholog can direct adenosine-to-inosine deaminase activity to transcripts in human cells when fused to the catalytic domain of ADAR2. Using structure-guided mutagenesis, we created a high-specificity version of this system that can be utilized in research or potentially therapeutic contexts. The description of a Casl3b ortholog that can be used to knockdown or recruit RNA-modifying domains to transcripts in mammalian cells suggests the utility of this technology to interrogate and modify transcript function in diverse contexts.
by David Benjamin Turitz Cox.
Ph. D.

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43

Jasim, Sarah. "Type IV secretion genes in cagE-negative Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype b." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Tandläkarutbildning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-156060.

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium that plays an important role in the development of aggressive periodontitis. The cagE gene, which encodes a putative exotoxin, has been found to be present in highly leukotoxic serotype b strains. Both in the JP2 genotype, in which there is a 530-bp deletion in the leukotoxin operon’s promoter region, and in the non-JP2 genotype, and it was recently shown that the cagE gene could serve as a genetic marker for highly leukotoxic serotype b strains. It was also noticed that the cagE gene and the virB4 gene did not seem to be found in the same strain. The aim of this study was to determine whether the cagE negative strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype B harboured the virB4 gene and vice versa. We hypothesize that the virB4 gene would be present in the serotype b samples that lacked the cagE gene and vice versa. In order to screen the samples for the presence of the virB4 gene conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used. Indeed, we found that the cagE gene and the virB4 gene seldom co-existed in the same strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans, i.e. it can function as a marker for non-cagE genotype strains. However, it could also be concluded that it was common for a strain to lack both of these genes.

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Husseini, Majid. "Magnetic field strength of chemically peculiar A and B-type stars." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutet för rymdfysik, Uppsalaavdelningen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-454565.

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The goal of this work is to detect Zeeman split lines and measure magnetic field strength in a sample of Ap stars. This work aims to analyse spectra of 454 stars and find stars that show spectral lines resolved into their magnetically split components. The work included writing and applying a computer code to visualize astronomical spectra and estimate the mean surface magnetic field strength by fitting resolved Zeeman split lines. The data represent spectroscopic measurements obtained from November 2018 to March 2020 with the HERMES spectrograph. This study investigated high-resolution spectra of 454 Ap stars and identified 31 stars showing resolved Zeeman split lines. The majority of these stars were already known to have resolved magnetically split lines, but this paper reports the discovery of 12 new stars having this property. This paper presents 67 measurements of the mean magnetic field modulus of 31 Ap stars with resolved magnetically split lines.

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Camargo, Da Rosa Larissa. "Regulatory B cells in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100517/.

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Regulatory B cells, producing IL-10, have been studied in many autoimmune diseases. However, less is known about these cells in Type 1 diabetes (T1D), a disease characterized by the destruction of beta-cells by the immune system, leading to deficient production of insulin. Although B cells play a role in development of T1D, most previous investigations have focused on their pathogenic involvement. B cell depletion has been shown to be protective against diabetes development. To examine regulatory B cells in T1D, we used Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice and non-diabetes-prone B6g7 mice as controls. We compared both strains for the production of cytokines and expression of putative regulatory phenotypes in spleen B cells cultured with various stimulants, at different ages. We observed that NOD mice that were > 35 weeks old and naturally protected against T1D had more IL-10-producing B cells than B6g7 and diabetic NOD mice, and this number increased even more on stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. When LPS-stimulated B cells from protected mice were cultured in vitro with CD8 T cells and DCs, their potential for suppression of T cell cytotoxic activity was higher than unstimulated B cells and B cells from diabetic mice. This inhibitory effect was associated with higher levels of IL-10. Lastly, we carried out an investigation where B cells were transiently depleted in transgenic NOD mice expressing human CD20, to enable depletion using a human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. We evaluated the effect of depletion and repopulation on regulatory B cells, testing whether the protection afforded by B cell depletion was due to a change in regulatory B cell number or function. B cells with putative regulatory phenotypes were susceptible to depletion and, although the treatment with anti-CD20 reduced the incidence and delayed the onset of diabetes, there was no difference in the IL-10 producing B cell population by the time of full repopulation of B cells. Thus, this protective effect of B cell depletion was unlikely to be due to IL-10-producing B cells. In conclusion, for the first time, regulatory B cells were extensively studied in NOD mice and we demonstrated that protected NOD mice had higher frequencies of spleen B cells producing IL-10 than diabetic NOD mice. Further investigation is warranted to understand how these IL-10-producing B cells contribute to protection against type 1 diabetes.

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Rossi, Jean-François. "Etude des cytokines au cours des lymphopathies malignes de type B." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11332.

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47

Oskinova, L., H. Todt, Richard Ignace, J. Brown, J. Cassinelli, and W. R. Hamann. "Early Magnetic B-type Stars: X-ray Emission and Wind Properties." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6248.

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We present a comprehensive study of X-ray emission by, and wind properties of, massive magnetic early B-type stars. Dedicated XMM–Newton observations were obtained for three early-type B-type stars, ξ1 CMa, V2052 Oph and ζ Cas, with recently discovered magnetic fields. We report the first detection of X-ray emission from V2052 Oph and ζ Cas. The latter is one the softest X-ray sources among the early-type stars, while the former is one of the X-ray faintest. The observations show that the X-ray spectra of our programme stars are quite soft with the bulk of X-ray emitting material having a temperature of about 1 MK. We compile the complete sample of early B-type stars with detected magnetic fields to date and existing X-ray measurements, in order to study whether the X-ray emission can be used as a general proxy for stellar magnetism. We find that the X-ray properties of early massive B-type magnetic stars are diverse, and that hard and strong X-ray emission does not necessarily correlate with the presence of a magnetic field, corroborating similar conclusions reached earlier for the classical chemically peculiar magnetic Bp–Ap stars.We analyse the ultraviolet (UV) spectra of five non-supergiant B stars with magnetic fields (τ Sco, β Cep, ξ1 CMa, V2052 Oph and ζ Cas) by means of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) iron-blanketed model atmospheres. The latter are calculated with the Potsdam Wolf–Rayet (PoWR) code, which treats the photosphere as well as the wind, and also accounts for X-rays. With the exception of τ Sco, this is the first analysis of these stars by means of stellar wind models. Our models accurately fit the stellar photospheric spectra in the optical and the UV. The parameters of X-ray emission, temperature and flux are included in the model in accordance with observations. We confirm the earlier findings that the filling factors of X-ray emitting material are very high.Our analysis reveals that the magnetic early-type B stars studied here have weak winds with velocities not significantly exceeding vesc. The mass-loss rates inferred from the analysis of UV lines are significantly lower than predicted by hydrodynamically consistent models. We find that, although the X-rays strongly affect the ionization structure of the wind, this effect is not sufficient in reducing the total radiative acceleration. When the X-rays are accounted for at the intensity and temperatures observed, there is still sufficient radiative acceleration to drive a stronger mass-loss than we empirically infer from the UV spectral lines.

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Oskinova, Lidia, Helge Todt, Richard Ignace, John Brown, Joseph Cassinelli, and Wolf-Rainer Hamann. "Early Magnetic B-Type Stars: X-ray Emission and Wind Properties." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6275.

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We present a comprehensive study of X-ray emission and wind properties of magnetic early B-type stars. We compile the complete sample of early B-type stars with detected magnetic fields to date and existing X-ray measurements, in order to study whether the X-ray emission can be used as a general proxy for stellar magnetism. For the first time we analyze the UV spectra of B stars with magnetic fields by means of non-LTE iron-blanketed stellar atmosphere model that account for the X-rays at the intensity and temperatures observed. The mass-loss rates inferred from the analysis of UV lines are significantly lower than predicted by hydrodynamically consistent models. We find that the X-ray properties of early B-type magnetic stars are diverse, and that hard and strong X-ray emission does not necessarily correlate with the presence of a magnetic field.

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49

Neiner, Coralie Laurence. "Pulsation, rotation, wind and magnétic field in early B-type stars." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13012.

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50

Chapellier, Éric. "Aspects de la variabilité des étoiles de type bêta CMa et 53 Per." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4387.

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Les amplitudes de phasages et périodes de plusieurs étoiles bêta CMa varient lentement. Dans deux de ces étoiles les périodes de variations sont dues à la binarité. Au bord froid de la bande d'instabilité nous avons observé des variations à courte période dans l’étoile 53 Per : I Her. Des variations de nuit à nuit de la vitesse radiale sont présentes dans l’étoile 53 Per. Les variations peuvent être représentées par une sinusoïde de période 2,36 jours

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