Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Type-awareness'
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1
Geddes, Jacqueline. "Hypoglycaemia in adult humans, with and without type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5584.
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Hypoglycaemia is a very common side-effect of insulin therapy for diabetes and directly affects cognitive function. It can be identified by the onset of symptoms and by blood glucose monitoring. Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia is an acquired syndrome in people with insulin-treated diabetes. The definitions, frequency, causes, treatment and prevention of clinical hypoglycaemia and the effects on, and moderators of, cognitive function will be discussed. Two studies have examined the effects of hypoglycaemia on tests of particular cognitive domains in subjects with and without type 1 diabetes. Three further studies have examined the frequency of hypoglycaemia in people with and without impaired awareness, the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) and have compared methods of assessing awareness of hypoglycaemia. In study 1 the effect of acute hypoglycaemia on psychomotor function was examined in healthy volunteers (n =20) and adults with type 1 diabetes (n=16). Although acute hypoglycaemia caused significant impairment of several psychomotor functions in nondiabetic adults, a lower magnitude of impairment was observed in those with type 1 diabetes. The potential mechanisms behind this are discussed. In study 2 the effect of acute hypoglycaemia on a simple two-choice reaction time test, which has a model with validated performance parameters, was examined in 14 nondiabetic volunteers. Application of the validated model to the results of this task revealed that hypoglycaemia affected central processing and was not related to the amount of evidence required to make a decision or to peripheral and motor processes. This study is the first to use this method to dissect the effects of hypoglycaemia on cognition and enhances understanding of the mechanism underlying neuroglycopenia in adults. In Study 3 the methods of evaluating awareness of hypoglycaemia were compared in people with type 1 diabetes. Good concordance in clinical characteristics and frequency of biochemical hypoglycaemia was observed between the methods described by Gold et al and Clarke et al but not with a Danish method. In study 4 continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and home blood glucose monitoring were performed prospectively for 12 months in people with and without IAH. Those with IAH had a 1.6-fold higher incidence of biochemical hypoglycaemia as demonstrated by blood glucose monitoring, but CGM did not identify patients with IAH. In study 5 the prevalence of IAH in a large clinic population with type 1 diabetes was estimated and compared with earlier assessments. The overall prevalence was 20%.
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Dalile, Boushra. "Is the High Probability of Type II Error an Issue in Error Awareness ERP Studies?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12628.
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When researchers began addressing the electrophysiology of conscious error awareness more than a decade ago, the role of the error-related negativity (ERN), alongside the subsequently occurring error positivity (Pe), was an obvious locus of attention given the fact that they are taken as indices of cortical error processing. In contrast to the clear-cut findings that link the amplitude of the Pe to error awareness, the association between the ERN amplitude and error awareness is vastly unclear, with a range of studies reporting significant differences in the ERN amplitude with respect to error awareness, while others observing no modulation of the ERN amplitude. One problem in the studies obtaining null findings is the fact that conclusions are drawn based on small sample sizes, increasing the probability of type II error, especially given the fact that the ERN elicited using various error awareness paradigms tends to be small. The aim of the present study was to therefore address the issue of type II error in order to draw more certain conclusions about the modulation of the ERN amplitude by conscious error awareness. Forty participants performed a manual response inhibition task optimised to examine error awareness. While the early and late Pe amplitudes showed the expected sensitivity to error awareness, the ERN results depicted a more complex picture. The ERN amplitude for unaware errors appeared more negative than that of aware errors, both numerically and on the grand average ERP. The unexpected findings were explained in terms of (a) latency issues in the present data, (b) characteristics of the manual response inhibition task used and the possibility that it elicits variation in neurocognitive processing, and (c), in relation to possible contamination by the contingent negative variation (CNV), an ERP component elicited during response preparation. Suggestions for future research on how to address the issues raised in the present paper are also discussed.
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Walkinshaw, Emma. "Exploring the relationship between impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia and autonomic neuropathy in type one diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22423/.
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Njee, Brendabell Ebanga. "Cameroonian Immigrants ' Behaviors, Beliefs and Knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes: in Minnesota." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7319.
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Nondiabetic immigrants from Cameroon who migrate to Minnesota lack knowledge of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and face challenges accessing health care services. Nondiabetic immigrants from Cameroon lack culturally appropriate health care services and therefore find it difficult to follow providers' recommendations. This phenomenological study explored the perceptions and experiences of nondiabetic immigrants from Cameroon regarding access to affordable, quality health care services as well as their behaviors, beliefs, and knowledge of type 2 diabetes self-management. Bronfenbrenner's social ecological model provided the theoretical framework. Research questions addressed access to affordable health care services, knowledge, and perception of type 2 diabetes, dietary and activity behaviors, and awareness of diabetes self-management. A purposive sample of 13 nondiabetic Cameroonian immigrants participated in the study. Data were collected through in-depth personal interviews. Interviews were hand-coded, and NVivo was used to identify emerging themes. A key finding for this study is that participants leave their appointments without adequate information and continue living in poor health because they lack understanding of medical recommendations. The participants expressed concerns that their health care providers did not address their psychosocial needs in conjunction with physical needs. They also expressed interest in learning about healthy eating. Participants prefer to learn how to count carbohydrates and nutritional values of traditional food to help manage portion size. The social change implications indicate further training for health care professionals in physical and emotional needs of immigrant population from Cameroon.
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Little, Stuart Alexander. "Design, management and completion of the HypoCOMPaSS RCT evaluating potential for restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness in type 1 diabetes using conventional vs novel technologies : and exploration of potential phenotypes predicting persistent impaired awareness despite study intervention." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2841.
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Aim: To explore the extent to which impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) can be improved using currently available treatment regimens in individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and to characterise those individuals whose awareness of hypoglycaemia did not improve. Methods: A multicentre, 2x2 factorial 24-week RCT (HypoCOMPaSS) comparing multiple daily injections (MDI) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy (CSII) with or without real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT) in a population with T1DM and IAH was designed. The study was undertaken in five UK centres using established and novel outcome measures to assess hypoglycaemia awareness, glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction. A second analysis was undertaken characterising individuals within the HypoCOMPaSS population as responders and non-responders. Complication status, autonomic symptom profile and hyperglycaemia avoidance scores were assessed. Results: Overall, hypoglycaemia awareness improved, and biochemical hypoglycaemia, severe hypoglycaemia rate and insulin doses reduced without deterioration in HbA1c. There were no significant differences in awareness comparing MDI with CSII; and RT with conventional glucose monitoring. Between-group analyses demonstrated comparable reductions in severe hypoglycaemia, biochemical hypoglycaemia, fear of hypoglycaemia and insulin doses with equivalent HbA1c. Treatment satisfaction was highest with CSII. In the second study there was a suggestion that longer diabetes duration and increased age may impair ability to respond to the interventions but this did not correlate with severity of autonomic symptoms. Conclusions: Hypoglycaemia awareness can be improved and recurrent severe hypoglycaemia prevented in long-standing T1DM without relaxing HbA1c. Similar biomedical outcomes can be attained with conventional MDI and SMBG regimens compared with CSII / RT. All individuals may benefit from biomedical interventions to improve awareness of hypoglycaemia. This ii research provides a basis for further studies investigating impact of new technologies on severe hypoglycaemia and underlines the importance of tailoring treatment to avoid biochemical hypoglycaemia without relaxing overall control.
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Arteaga, Zarate María de Guadalupe, and Olivares Gina Elizabeth Demarini. "Type 2 diabetes and anxiety symptoms: a cross-sectional study in Peru." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656152.
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Objective: To determine the association between diabetes mellitus type 2 and anxiety symptoms using a population-based study from the semi urban population of Tumbes, Peru.
Research design and methods: The present study was an observational, analytical cross-sectional one. Data from a population-based study conducted in Tumbes, Peru between 2016 and 2017 was analyzed. The variables studied were T2DM, defined using fasting glucose and anxiety symptoms, using the Goldberg scale.
Results: Data from 1609 individuals was analyzed, with mean age 48.16 (SD:10.61) and 810 women (50.3%), where a total of 161 were classified as having T2DM (10.0%; CI 95%: 8.5%-11.4%) and 675 individuals had anxiety symptoms (41.95%; CI 95%:39.5%-44.3%). A statistically significant association was found between DM2 and anxiety symptoms (p <0.001). Furthermore, those patients aware of their diagnosis of diabetes over 5 years had a 56% (95% CI: 25% - 96%) higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms compared to participants without DM2.
Conclusion: An association was found between DM2 and anxiety symptoms; there being a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms in participants previously aware of having DM2. Periodic monitoring of anxiety symptoms is recommended in these patients.Objetivo: Determinar si existe una asociación entre diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y síntomas de ansiedad usando un estudio de base poblacional en la zona de Tumbes, Perú. Material y Métodos: El presente estudio fue de tipo observacional, transversal analítico. Se analizaron los datos procedentes de un estudio realizado en Tumbes, Perú entre los años 2016 al 2017. Las variables de interés fueron diabetes mellitus tipo 2 como exposición; medido con glucosa en ayunas, y síntomas de ansiedad como variable resultado, evaluado usando la escala de Goldberg. Resultados: Se analizó 1609 individuos con edad media de 48,16 (DE:10,61) y 810 mujeres (50,3%); donde un total de 161 participantes padecían de DM2 (10,0%; IC 95%: 8,5%-11,4%) y 675 participantes (41,95%; IC95%:39,5%-44,3%) tenían síntomas de ansiedad. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre DM2 y síntomas de ansiedad (p<0,001); más aún, aquellos pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mayor a 5 años tenían 56% (IC 95%: 25% - 96%) mayor prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad en comparación con los participantes sin DM2. Conclusión: Se encontró asociación entre DM2 y síntomas de ansiedad; habiendo mayor prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad en los participantes previamente conscientes de padecer DM2. Se recomienda hacer un seguimiento periódico de los síntomas de ansiedad en estos pacientes.
Tesis
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Pasqualin, Douglas Pereira. "CÁLCULO DE AMBIENTES TIPADO SENSÍVEL AO CONTEXTO PARA APLICAÇÕES PERVASIVAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5401.
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Nowadays, mobile computing is more present in daily life. Mobile phones, notebooks,
smart phones and wireless networks are part of everyday life. With this technology available,
the research in pervasive computing is growing. The idea of pervasive computing was introduced
by Mark Weiser in 1991, with a personal vision of how would be computing in the 21st
century. Weiser s idea was that information processing would become part of everyday life, and
would be available everywhere. Furthermore, it would be so natural as being invisible in the
ambient. To make computing invisible, applications must be proactive, asking for a minimum of
user intervention for its operation. An important concept that arises with pervasive computing is
the context awareness . Context is any information that can be used to characterize an entity.
Based on contextual information, applications can dynamically adapt to the environments in
which they operate, becoming proactive and conveying the idea of invisibility. New programming
languages or even new paradigms are being developed trying to make more intuitive the
programming of pervasive applications. Most of these programming languages attempt to add
new features into existing programming languages. However, some authors argue that there
must be new formalisms that help to model the properties of pervasive systems, in particular the
context awareness. The formal description of a system modeled by formal methods can be used
to demonstrate that some properties of the system are correctly modeled. In this sense, this work
studies a formal model that can be used as a basis for specifying a new programming language,
called Calculus of Context-aware Ambients (CCA), proposed to describe mobile and pervasive
applications. Another formal method used in the specification of programming languages are
the type systems. Type systems helps to ensure that the system behaves according to the specification,
that is, is a way to formally prove the absence of undesirable behavior in a system.
Thus, the main contribution of this work is the definition of a type system for the CCA with
the focus in the communication between processes. As a case study two real scenarios were
modeled using the CCA, demonstrating the use of the type system developed. The preservation
(or subject reduction) property of the type system was formally proved, demonstrating that the
type system is correct, i.e., achieving the main purpose of the present work.Atualmente, a computação móvel está mais presente na rotina das pessoas. Celulares, notebooks, smartphones e redes sem fio fazem parte do cotidiano. Com essa tecnologia disponível, as pesquisas na área de computação pervasiva crescem a cada dia. A ideia da computação pervasiva surgiu com um artigo escrito por Mark Weiser em 1991, com uma visão pessoal de como seria a computação no século 21. Weiser descreveu que a computação faria parte do cotidiano das pessoas, e estaria acessível em todos os ambientes. Além disso, seria tão natural que passaria a ideia de estar invisível no ambiente. Para tornar a computação invisível, as aplicações devem ser pró-ativas, solicitando o mínimo de intervenção do usuário para o seu funcionamento. Um conceito importante que surge na computação pervasiva é a sensibilidade ao contexto . Contexto é qualquer informação que possa ser utilizada para caracterizar uma entidade. Com base em informações contextuais, as aplicações podem se adaptar dinamicamente aos ambientes nos quais estão inseridas, tornando-se pró-ativas e transmitindo a ideia da invisibilidade. Novas linguagens de programação ou até mesmo novos paradigmas de programação estão sendo desenvolvidos, tentando tornar mais intuitiva a programação de aplicações pervasivas. A maioria dessas linguagens tenta adicionar novas funcionalidades em linguagens já existentes. Porém, alguns autores defendem que deveriam existir novos formalismos que ajudem a modelar as propriedades dos sistemas pervasivos, em especial a sensibilidade ao contexto. A descrição formal de um sistema modelado através de métodos formais pode ser utilizada para demonstrar que algumas propriedades de um sistema estão corretamente modeladas. Nesse sentido, este trabalho estuda um modelo formal que pode servir como base para a especificação de novas linguagens de programação, chamado Cálculo de Ambientes Sensível ao Contexto (CASC), proposto para descrever ambientes móveis e aplicações pervasivas. Outro método formal que é utilizado para especificar linguagens de programação são os sistemas de tipos. Sistemas de tipos ajudam a garantir que um sistema se comporta de acordo com a sua especificação, ou seja, são uma maneira de provar formalmente a ausência de comportamentos indesejados dentro de um sistema. Dessa forma, a principal contribuição deste trabalho é a definição de um sistema de tipos para o CASC com o foco no controle de comunicação entre processos. Como estudo de caso, dois cenários reais foram modelados utilizando o CASC, demonstrando o uso do sistema de tipos desenvolvido. A propriedade preservation (ou subject reduction) do sistema de tipos foi provada formalmente, demostrando que o sistema de tipos está correto, ou seja, atingindo o objetivo principal do trabalho. Palavras-chave: Sistema de Tipos. Cálculo de Ambientes. Computação Pervasiva. Sensibilidade ao Contexto.
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Graveling, Alex James. "Hypoglycaemia in children and adults with type 1 diabetes : clinical implications." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19516.
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The proposed thesis will examine three areas of research: (1) the effects of hypoglycaemia on cognitive function in adults with and without T1DM, (2) the symptoms and awareness of hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with T1DM and (3) hypoglycaemia and driving in people with insulin-treated diabetes: self-treatment and adherence to recommendations for avoidance. (1) Executive cognitive function governs organisation of thoughts, prioritisation of tasks, and time management. This study examined the effect of acute hypoglycaemia on executive function in adults with and without diabetes. Thirty-two adults with and without type 1 diabetes were studied. Two hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamps were performed at least 2 weeks apart in a single-blind, counterbalanced order. Executive functions were assessed with a validated test suite (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function). A general linear model (repeated-measures ANOVA) was used. Compared with euglycaemia, executive functions (with one exception) were significantly impaired during hypoglycaemia; lower test scores were recorded with more time required for completion. Large Cohen d values (>0.8) suggest that hypoglycaemia induces decrements in aspects of executive function with large effect sizes. In some tests, the performance of participants with diabetes was more impaired than those without diabetes. Executive cognitive function, which is necessary to carry out many everyday activities, is impaired during hypoglycaemia in adults with and without type 1 diabetes. (2) In children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) is uncertain. Questionnaires were completed by 98 children with T1DM (mean age 10.6 years) and their parent(s); hospital admission data for the previous year were collected. Awareness of hypoglycaemia was assessed using two questionnaire-based methods that have been validated in adults. For 4 weeks, participants performed routine blood glucose measurements and completed questionnaires after each episode of hypoglycaemia. The ‘Gold’ questionnaire classified a greater proportion of the participants as having IAH than the ‘Clarke’ questionnaire (68.4 vs. 22.4%). Using the ‘Clarke’ method, but not the ‘Gold’ method, children with IAH were younger and more likely to require external assistance or hospital admission. In contrast to adults, behavioural symptoms were the best predictors of awareness status. IAH affects a substantial minority of children and impending hypoglycaemia may be heralded by behavioural symptoms. The ‘Clarke’ method was more effective at identifying those at increased risk. (3) A clinical survey of an outpatient clinic population to ascertain current knowledge and practice among drivers with insulin-treated diabetes. A representative sample of 202 current drivers with insulin-treated diabetes completed a structured questionnaire. A minimum blood glucose level of 4.0 mmol/L or higher was considered necessary for driving by 74.8%, and 87.1% reported always keeping carbohydrate in their vehicle. However, 38.1% reported never carrying a glucose meter when driving, and 59.9% that they never test blood glucose before driving, or test only if symptomatic of hypoglycaemia. Most participants 89% would stop driving to treat hypoglycaemia although only 13.9% would wait longer than 30 min. Compliance with statutory requirements to inform the licensing authority and motor insurer is good.
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Petrovay, David William. "Personality Characteristics, Career Awareness, and Job Expectations of New Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194332.
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In 2000, contributors to the formulation of the National Plan for Training Personnel to Serve Children with Blindness and Low Vision anticipated a severe shortage of direct service personnel as early as 2006 with an increasing negative impact on teacher numbers through the end of the decade. It is necessary to attract approximately 5,000 new teachers to the field to meet the needs of the ever-increasing population of students with visual impairments requiring specialized training.This study investigated the personality and background experiences of individuals who are attracted to work as educators with students with visual impairments. A sample of 132 teachers who had been trained at either the undergraduate or graduate level and were employed within their first five years as teachers with this specialization completed the Holland Self-Directed Search (Form CP) and a Participant Profile form to ascertain the personality types and experiences of those new to the field.The study considered three variables: (1) gender, (2) race/ethnicity, (3) teacher training level and their association with Holland personality type (RIASEC). All three variables were weak predictors of the personality type of teachers of the visually impaired as indicated by Goodman and Kruskal's tau. Results of the Holland Self-Directed Search was a stronger measure of the personality type associated with becoming a teacher of students with visual impairments. The data related to the sample revealed that 65.2% of those responding identified themselves as Social type.Teachers identified how they became aware of the field prior to making a decision to enter a teacher-training program, what their reasons were for making a decision to enter a training program to become a teacher of students with visual impairments, and which areas of their teaching experience differed from what they had expected prior to employment in the field. Limitations of the study, implications of the results for recruitment and retention of teachers of students with visual impairments, and recommendations for future research are provided.
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Shah, Payal S. "Awareness of Diabetes Risk and Adoption of Diabetes Risk Reduction Behaviors in the Presence of Other Risk Factors in U.S Adults: An Examination of NHANES Data 2007-2008." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/188.
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ABSTRACT
Background: Prediabetes is a precursor condition to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous research and clinical trials have shown that the onset of type 2 diabetes could be delayed or prevented through structured life style modifications such as dietary changes, modest weight loss and moderate-intensity exercise. This study examines U.S adults of different ethnicities that include non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black and Mexican Americans and whether their awareness of diabetes risk is associated with their participation in diabetes risk reduction behavior, a combination of physical activity, weight control and fat/calories intake.
Methods: The 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES, was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of 4083 U.S. adults who were 20 years old and above and were aware of their diabetes risk. The association between the awareness of one’s diabetes risk and the adoption of diabetes risk reduction behavior were examined in present of other risk factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, education, annual family income, BMI, hypertension, mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels. Males and females were examined separately for all analyses performed. Cross tabulation was conducted and p-values were calculated by the Pearson’s chi-square test for the categorical variables which include gender, ethnicity, education, annual family income, adiposity and hypertension. One Way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were conducted for the continuous variables which include age, mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between the main independent variable, awareness of one’s diabetes risk, and the dependent variable, adoption of diabetes risk reduction behavior, controlling for other risk factors. A p-value of <0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine statistical significance throughout all analyses performed.
Results: After controlling for age, gender, race, education, annual family income, BMI, hypertension, mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides, results from the multivariate analysis showed that subjects who were aware of their diabetes risk were more likely to adopt diabetes risk reduction behavior (OR= 1,734, 95 % CI=1.217-2.470). Females and non-Hispanic blacks, who were aware of their diabetes risk, were also more likely to adopt diabetes risk reduction behavior compared to males, non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. An increase in the levels of education, annual family income and BMI was also associated with the adoption of diabetes risk reduction behavior. Stratification according to gender and ethnicity, showed that Mexican American males and females were more likely to engage in diabetes risk reduction behavior compared to non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks (Mexican American males: OR: 2.496, CI: 0.792-7.868; Mexican American females: OR: 2.830, CI: 0.917-8.736).
Conclusion: This study provides useful insights for health care providers and public health professionals who are developing health promotion and prevention interventions to address pre diabetes before it develops into type 2 diabetes. This study also allows the development of tailored interventions for specific genders and ethnic groups that are at risk. Results of this study indicate that Mexican Americans and females (in general) are more likely to adopt diabetes risk reduction behavior. Therefore, physicians and health care providers should develop culturally, linguistically and gender- specific education materials and programs for this particular gender and ethnic group. This in turn, may reduce the overall increasing prevalence of diabetes, reduce racial and gender disparities and may have a positive impact on the overall health of the U.S. population.
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Choo, Peng Yin. "A PHOTONIC ARCHITECTURE FOR DYNAMIC CHAIN PROCESSING." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1171%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Wang, Chia-Yu, and 王佳玉. "The Self-Awareness Function in the Demented Patients with Alzheimer Type." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74826453088689662947.
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碩士國立成功大學
行為醫學研究所
91
The issues of whether patients in the early stage of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) are unaware of deficits and whether unawareness in all DAT patients is in the general or specific domain have been controversial. Several reports suggested that establishing an objective and quantitative measure of unawareness is the essential step in resolving these issues. Before we explore the issue of unawareness, we need to know the features of DAT patients’ neuropsychological functions in terms of the course of the disease. The aims of this study were as follows: first, to examine whether the higher cortical function examination scale (HCFE) can reflect the deterioration of different neuropsychological functions in patients with DAT; second, to develop an awareness rating scale (ARS), which includes more deficit domains in patients with DAT and which has good reliability and validity; third, to use the ARS data to explore whether patients with mild DAT are unaware of their deficits and whether unawareness in all DAT patients is in the general or specific domain. Sixty-one patients with DAT and 32 healthy controls matched for age and education were included in the study. All subjects received a short-form battery of neuropsychological tests, the HCFE, the neurobehavioral standard interview (NBI), and the ARS. Sixty-one primary caregivers of DAT patients received the NBI, ARS, Instrumental Daily Living Function questionnaire, and the Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised to evaluate patients’ function and neurobehavioral symptoms. A clinical psychologist completed the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale (NRS) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) to evaluate the patients’ neurobehavioral symptoms and the severity of dementia. In order to explore the DAT patients’ unawareness, we compared each patient’s rating in the ARS with his/her performance in the HCFE, the caregiver’s rating in the ARS, and the psychologist’s rating in the NBR and CDR. Subjects were divided into healthy, mild dementia, and moderate-severe dementia groups according to their CDR score. The results revealed that, (1) the performance of patients with mild dementia on the tests of temporal orientation (TO), orientation to personal information (OPIP), recent and remote memory (RC & RM), verbal and nonverbal new learning (VL & NVL), semantic association of verbal fluency (VF), visual-spatial construction (VSC), reasoning, and manual dexterity with the right hand was significantly worse than that of healthy controls. The performance of patients with moderate-severe dementia on the tests of TO, OPIP, RC, RM, VL, NVL, digit repetition, auditory comprehension, calculation, reasoning, manual dexterity with both hands and bimanual coordination was worse than that of the healthy and mild dementia groups. The performance of the patients with moderate-severe dementia on the tasks of orientation to place and object naming was worse than that of healthy subjects. (2) The internal consistency, content validity, and criterion-related validity of the ARS were acceptable. There were ten factors, which could account for 78.91% variation, in the ARS. (3) On the basis of the results of the HCFE, the patients with mild dementia had no remarkable unawareness of their cognitive deficits. However, patients with moderate-severe dementia showed unawareness of deficits in the learning, short-term memory, remote memory, and spatial judgment domains. In non-cognitive functioning, on the basis of caregiver and psychologist evaluation, patients with mild dementia showed unawareness of deficits in the self-care domain, while patients with moderate-severe dementia showed unawareness of deficits in the self-care and daily-living function domains. On the basis of these results showing that with the CDR, the neuropsychological assessment could reflect the deterioration of different neuropsychological functions in patients with DAT in terms of the course of the disease, we suggest that combining the CDR and neuropsychological assessment results could provide more complete information for rehabilitation and care. The Awareness Rating Scale seems to be useful for future study. However, some defects in the ARS should be revised. For example, some domains in the ARS cover fewer items, and some domains in the ARS have low criterion-related validity. Since our DAT patients in the middle-late stage had unawareness in general domains, but our DAT patients in the early stage were only evident of unawareness in the self-care functioning domain, it appears that these results partially support Frederiks (1985), and Joynt and Shoulson’s (1985) observations of patients with the early stage of DAT being unaware of their deficits. Finally, the results revealed that in using the ARS, there was bias, not only in patients’ self-reports but also in caregivers’ reports. In order to improve the accuracy in future research on unawareness, we suggest using the neuropsychological examination as the basis of the cognitive component, and using the caregiver and clinician’s evaluation as the basis of the non-cognitive component.
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BEE, LEE CHUN, and 李春美. "Intercultural Awareness of Chinese Teachers In National Type Schools (Chinese), Malaysia." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3a5u24.
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碩士國立高雄師範大學
華語文教學研究所
107
The enrollment of non-Chinese students in National Type Schools (Chinese), Malaysia has increased considerably, and as a consequence, National Type Schools (Chinese) have now developed into a multicultural field with the changes of student ethnic structure and campus culture. Therefore the purpose of this study was to explore on the intercultural awareness of Chinese teachers. This study was targeted at Chinese teachers in National Type Schools (Chinese), Malaysia which were selected using random sampling and snowball sampling through a survey to conduct an in-depth interview. Qualitative research method was adopted via semi-structural interview, supplemented by quantitative method survey to gain a better result. A total of 185 surveys were distributed and 14 interviews were constructed for data collection and analysis. The major findings are as follows: 1.Malaysia is known as a diverse country with a rich environment and social conditions to foster intercultural awareness. As a result, the overall initiative of intercultural awareness of Chinese teachers was relatively strong, as well as a positive acceptance of diversification. However, a general lack of participation in the real intercultural communicative activities was found. With the enrollment of more non-Chinese students, it is more challenging for Chinese teachers to accomplish effective teaching. 2.The personal and environment issue are the key factors of intercultural awareness of the Chinese teachers accepting non-Chinese students. This discrepancy can be attributed to the variations of family background, academic training, career, non-Chinese’s peer interaction and multicultural environment. The values of non-Chinese parents, student academic achievements, curriculum progress and political factors had definitive effect in teaching the non-Chinese students. On average, most teachers were in agreement that the non-Chinese students study in the National Primary School would be a better solution. 3.There was a strong relationship between the teachers’ teaching approaches on non-Chinese students and their intercultural awareness. The intensity level of intercultural awareness was associated with the performance in teaching methods, teaching content, teaching evaluation and other extents. In general, Chinese teachers’ intercultural awareness and teaching behavior were more towards positive. However, this study also reported lack of attention to non-Chinese students and the teaching methods used were less effective. Moreover, the teachers demonstrated divergence response in the intercultural awareness among educational objectives, strategies and contents. The fact that non-Chinese students enrolled to the Chinese Primary School has increased these teachers’ burden and affected their teaching methods 4.Being the influence by the environmental, political and social conditions, the development of intercultural awareness of Chinese teachers in National Type Schools (Chinese), Malaysia is slow and inattentive. The cultivation of intercultural awareness is necessary and in urgent, especially for the more passive teachers. Therefore, some strategies are proposed in order to improve the intercultural awareness and professional development of the teachers According to the findings and results, some reliable suggestions for future training and policy development in Malaysian Chinese educational institutions are proposed. Moreover, recommendations for further researches are offered in this dissertation. The importance of intercultural awareness is highlighted as not only improves the overall cultural quality of the teachers' group, but also lays a solid foundation for the non-Chinese students to study in National Type Schools (Chinese), Malaysia. Given that the researcher strongly believe that the Malaysian government should implement a relatively tolerant educational policy and respect the multi-ethnic cultural background, and so are the teachers, for contribution to a harmonious political situation nationwide. Keywords: National Type Schools (Chinese), Chinese Teacher, Intercultural Awareness, Non-Chinese Students
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YO-JIN-MIN and 游家銘. "「Type-Shaped」 Self overall and individual awareness of the various stacked under." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/aev72m.
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碩士國立臺南藝術大學
建築藝術研究所
102
Scientists say all the material world as early as the presence of more than ten billion years ago, and then there will not be freshmen or destroyed, the scientists said this is the law of conservation of matter, if it is true, that civilization only but the matter will be repeated or mixed already exist, and these are just thrown away will return to its original place fills, but it presents a whole heap of individuals, there is another individual with each different symbol is worthy if used material, individual existence and millisecond, respectively, is so important, but know that they are thrown away Shique had no difference, you can use the original state it is only an easy to use external shape. Some substances fall somewhere even years, never to be used again people, but there has been people here can not be ignored, the same material again continuously repeated again and again, constantly overlapping and relative increase in weight, Just as there are buildings, people to increased functionality or space, additional upward from the horizon constantly, when the horizon is not enough, they would be stamped around the world appears to be the majority of the buildings are occupied, but also the so-called haunted house ruins, or a few, so these building lifetime is just a beneficial use existing form. However, such a useless and unnecessary duplication of feelings as we think, has not been described in finishing off the language, full of Repeat with broken words, something has been around the circle again, if you understand that this is a true copy before finishing inside the language, as I mentioned earlier, so that the language and inner feelings are real but only an easy to understand the total surface finishing so as to is the language of the language.
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Chang, Wen-Pin, and 張文彬. "The Effect of Brand Awareness, Product Type, and Sponsorship Type on Attitude toward Sponsored Recommendation Post in Blog." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81000185615757151603.
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碩士國立中正大學
行銷管理研究所
99
Sponsored recommendation post is a blog article written by the blogger who is sponsored by the producers of any products or marketing agencies to review, promote products in their blog. Due to the regulation has specified that this kind of sponsor relationship must be revealed, the sponsored recommendation post is no longer an advertisement with disguised marketing intent. Past study indicated that opinions come from non-marketing sources (or the unrevealed sponsored recommendation post) will receive better advertising effect. When the marketing intent has been revealed in the blog article, is it still a suitable vehicle to convey marketing information would be a question. The aim of this paper is to exam the advertising effectiveness after the marketing intent has been clearly revealed in the sponsored recommendation post. A 2 (brand awareness) ×2 (product type) ×2 (sponsorship type) experimental design was used to exam their influence on consumers’ Attsrp. A total of 613 valid samples were collected through mySurvey (http://www.mysurvey.tw/) online survey system; the student accounts for 74% of the samples. The results show that: (1) when the product appears in the sponsored recommendation post has high brand awareness, consumers will have better Attsrp; (2) when the product appears in the sponsored recommendation post is search goods, consumers tend to have better Attsrp. (3) Sponsorship type has no significant effect on Attsrp. (4) This study also verifies Attsrp will have positive effect on purchase intention. Based on the results, directions for future research and implications for marketers and bloggers are discussed.
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Chiou, Jie-Min, and 邱杰民. "The Effect of Brand Awareness, Product Type, and Regulatory Focus on Price Fairness." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58336418159857143964.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
98
What is the relationship between brand awareness and product types (hedonic and utilitarian) to the price fairness perception when there is a price increase? The objective of this study is to examine the effect of brand awareness, product type, and regulatory focus on price fairness perception when the product price increases. The first experiment confirms that consumers have different fairness perception when the high versus low brand awareness products have a price increase. Under the high brand awareness case, consumers regard price increase as fairer than under the low brand awareness situation. The second experiment explores the difference between hedonic and utilitarian goods of consumers’ perception toward price increase. We conclude with a discussion of the results of the three experiments, the contribution, limitation, and managerial implications of our findings, as well as the direction for future study.
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HO, CHUN-CHIEH, and 何俊傑. "The Effects of Negative Controversial Topic, Product Type and Brand Awareness on Brand Attitude." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8mzg29.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
國際企業系碩士在職專班
105
With the online community and websites arising like Facebook and PTT, it speeds up the spread of negative controversial topics and the influence become more powerful. More enterprises start choosing this channel to promote their new products and services. Based on the literature, there are two types of negative controversial topics: performance-related and value-related. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of negative controversial topic on brand attitude. Also, the product type and brand awareness are two moderators. We conducted two experiments, a 2 (controversial topic type: performance-related vs. values-related) x 2 (product type: utilitarian attributes vs. hedonic attributes), and a 2 (controversial topic type: performance-related vs. value-related) x 2 (brand awareness: high vs. low) between-subjects designs were developed. By using ANCOVA, the result came up as the following: (1) There are no differences in brand attitude between performance-related and value-related negative controversial topic. (2) Consumers’ brand attitudes toward utilitarian products with performance-related negative controversial topic are lower than hedonic products; however, consumers’ brand attitudes toward utilitarian products and hedonic products with value-related negative controversial topic are no differences. (3) consumers’ brand attitudes toward low brand awareness with value related negative controversial topic are lower than high brand awareness.
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鄭佩蓉. "Type of Corporate Social Responsibility Impact on Consumer Awareness - Regulatory Focus and Construal Level as Moderators." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42000945174107267016.
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碩士國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
101
Increasingly expanding the scope of business operations also face more challenges, in addition to doing the basic operations, but if the consumer's point of view to be able to implement corporate social responsibility, may be more effective in subsequent operations excellence, and sustainable. Recently, enterprises are increasingly attach importance to corporate social responsibility,but which type of activities should be selected? How to communicate? Whether the effect of the characteristics of the object being to communicate about? Remains to be clarified, this study attempts to explore these issues, hoping for corporate social responsibility strategy selection helpful. This study pretest survey method and two-stage experiment, a total of 766 questionnaires were distributed, via regression analysis, variance analysis and other methods draw the following conclusions: 1. Classified the corporate social responsibility into proactive and reactive types.Proactive type is active in providing socially useful benefits; while reactive type is to reduce or avoid the legitimate operation of the process of the adverse impact on society. 2. When corporate social responsibility executive proactive type activities, the enterprises of consumers' awareness of social responsibility will better than when corporate social responsibility executive reactive type. 3. When corporate social responsibility executive proactive type activities, regardless of consumers' regulatory focus will have a higher awareness of social responsibility for the enterprises than executive reactive type activities. 4. When corporate social responsibility executive reactive type activities, with high construal level of communication, consumers will construct the social responsibility of the enterprise significantly higher than low construal level of communication. 5. When corporate social responsibility executive reactive type activities, and CSR activities express more specific, using the spokesperson's social distance farther to consumers will have a better image of corporate CSR awareness than using the spokesperson's social distance closer to consumers. 6. CSR awareness of corporate social responsibility is CSR type (proactive type and reactive type) and purchase intention mediator. Based on the findings, this study suggests that companies should carefully select the type of corporate social responsibility, and should choose easily understood by consumers of communication, in order to have a good awareness of corporate social responsibility
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Lee, Ming-Ni. "Reflective awareness in dreams following loss and trauma." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1198.
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The objectives of this study were to explore (a) the relationships between dream reflective awareness and different types of impactful dreams, (b) the relationships between waking reflective awareness and dream reflective awareness following loss and trauma, and (c) the self-transformative potential of reflective awareness within dreams. We conducted a 2 (loss/trauma experiences) X 3 (timeframe: within the preceding 6 months, within the preceding 6-24 months, within the preceding 3-7 years) cross-sectional study to examine reflective awareness within impactful dreams and the changes in subsequent waking reflective awareness. The major results suggested that (a) only transcendent dreams were highly related to explicit dream lucidity (i.e., lucid mindfulness); (b) a continuity between pre-dream waking mindfulness and intra-dream self-awareness was specific to mundane dreams; (c) the experiences of loss or trauma and the timeframe of such experiences both predicted depersonalization within dreams; and (d) depersonalization within dreams was predictive of subsequent decreases in waking mindfulness. In sum, the present study replicated prior studies of the self-transformative effects of impactful dreams, demonstrated the continuity between dreaming and waking reflective awareness, and clarified the ways in which reflective awareness within dreams may affect post-traumatic growth.
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Wu, Shu-Rong, and 吳書榕. "The Effects of the performace group awareness and the type of sponsors on the audience''s attitude." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5f75r7.
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Korkiratitanapat, Suthipat, and Suthipat Korkiratitanapat. "A Study on the Effect of Media Type and Gender on Skin Care Brand Awareness in Thailand." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20722385892442648423.
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碩士逢甲大學
國際經營管理碩士學位學程
105
Currently, Social media has enormous effects to the society especially in term of business. Since customer pay more attention on new media, create the chance for company to engage with customer. Therefore, this paper will compare the effect between social media and traditional media in the path of brand awareness especially in skin care industry. In the process of testing, the sample will be divided into two gender groups which are male and female. This study, which examine approximate 154 skin care users in Thailand to test whether different genders will have different ways in perceiving the information by comparing between two media channels which are traditional media and social media. In order to investigate the hypothesis for this research, this paper will apply Chi-square test will be applied for this paper. With this result, the marketers can utilize this information as a support in creating their marketing strategy especially for Thailand and Asia as a compliment.
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Tsao, Yu-Cheng, and 曹有成. "The Effect of Product Type, Brand Awareness and Expertise Degree on Product Attitude and Consumer Purchase Intention." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14240261510346441799.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
商務經營研究所
99
Implements all the people health insurance in Taiwan for 16 years, the medical drugs market's competition tendency is hastens. Manufacturer to increase the marketing the achievements possibly transmits for the common consumer “unfamiliar medical related news”. Generally the consumer classifies may rest on “the specialized degree” to differentiate the professional and the non-professional. This two kind of consumers, regarding drugs understanding degree, because the occupation has a difference, creates to the same drugs information, produces the explanation can differ from. Specialized degree high doctor, the pharmacist or nurse, regarding the drugs understanding degree, are obviously are higher than the common consumer. The non-specialized medical news originate, generally the consumer comes under the influence, will produce to the different drugs “the popularity” the difference, and further possibly creates the consumer “the cognition and the impression” has the change regarding the product, also will have “the purchase wish” on influence. The research design, take “the drugs type”, “the drugs popularity” and “the specialized degree” as an independent variable, “the product manner” and “the purchase wish” to depend on influence of primarily construction the variable to the consumer behavior, the analysis is related market management meaning. Rests on the related medicine matter laws and regulations, the drugs may differentiate the so-called prescription drugs (Prescription Drugs) with the non-prescription drugs (OTC, Over of counter), this research basis type and the popularity are data, selects the prestige, but the steel, Pu take love, hope Le Bao and the strength stop hurt and so on four medicines, carries on the design questionnaire, does the research in view of the consumer behavior's in key construction surface. Asks the item based on the questionnaire, the discussion drugs and the consumer population is variable and between consumer behavior relations, ideal pharmacy management suggestion and direction. And according to the research supposition, in different “the drugs type”, “the drugs popularity” and “the specialized degree” “the product” manner and “the purchase wish” has related influential regarding the consumer. Studies two big conclusions, (1) drugs consumer's product manner and purchase wish drugs popularity influence, also, because the different specialized degree's consumer has the remarkable difference; (2) “the drugs type” does not have the remarkable difference regarding consumer's product manner, but to purchases the wish actually to have the difference, demonstrated that the prescription drugs do not have the influence difference with the non-prescription drugs to the consumer, but has the independence difference influence regarding the purchase wish. Contribution of this research, (1) confirmation different drugs type and the different height popularity's drugs produce consumer behavior; (2) confirmation different specialized degree drugs consumer related expense decision-making behavior; (3) difference drugs and common consumption product consumer behavior difference; (4) understanding drugs professional and common consumer to pharmacy consumer behavior pattern difference; (5) provides the pharmacy to manage successfully may refer to the marketing factor; (6) will provide pharmaceutical factory drugs marketing in the future the feasible management strategy suggestion; in (7) medical industry literature, consumer behavior category reference.
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Lin, Wan-Ting, and 林婉婷. "Discount Level, Promotional Type, and Brand Awareness on Consumers’ Brand Evaluation and Purchase Intention---An Empirical Study of Handsets." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3ye793.
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碩士東吳大學
企業管理學系
96
In recent years, new products have been brought forth at a fast pace particularly products that related electronic communication. In order for vendors to draw customers and encourage them to buy a product, all kinds of promotional methods are available. Among the many promotional methods, “coupon” is one of the most commonly seen and the most direct way to make customers feel “positional advantage over price.” When discount level offered by vendors varies, “what effects do “coupon”promotion and “price-offs”promotion (two promotional types) have on brand evaluation and purchase intention?” It is obvious that in daily life, although price promotions create an economic incentive and increases sales; however, it also leads to customers’ query regarding product quality and the original reference price. Therefore, “Can different promotional types be used to get rid of such doubts?” In addition, brand awareness often affects the perceived quality for a promotional product. Since customers have better product knowledge for brands with high brand awareness, therefore, these products are often more “trustworthy” than others. On the contrary, “Will brands with low brand awareness be viewed more negatively when they are discounted?” so, brand awareness is incorporated as a moderating variable in this study. To discuss the problems above, an experimental design method is adopted. Data is collected to analyze effects of discount level, promotional type, and brand awareness on brand evaluation and purchase intention. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1.Customers tend to have negative perceived quality toward a product that has a high discount level; however, customers tend to have positive perceived value and purchase intention toward a product that has a low discount level. 2.Different promotional method does not affect customers’ perceived value for different discount level. 3.High brand awareness will diminish customers’ negative perceived quality brought by high discount level. 4.The level of brand awareness does not affect the perceived value and the purchase intention when dealing with different discount level.
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Huang, Mei-shu, and 黃美淑. "Promotion Level, Promotional Type, and Brand Awareness on Consumers’ Brand Evaluation and Purchase Intention ---An Empirical Study of Bancassurance." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09502050667291294792.
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碩士東吳大學
企業管理學系
99
Abstract While all banks devote more and more to the rat race competition in wealth management, consumers are exposed to a variety of insurance products with various kinds of promotion campaigns. Hence, brand awareness and promotion level can be the two critical factors that affect consumers’ identifying product and that attract consumers’ attention. Consumers usually determine whether the insurance products are good according to the brand awareness of the providers, the insurance companies. “Brand” has also become an important indication of “quality.” However, as the insurance companies decide on offering significant promotion as marketing promotion, consumers will still evaluate the offerings based not only on the promotion level but also on the “brand” and influence their consuming behavior. The brand marketing and promotion study also indicates that manufacturers with prestigious brand should not offer too much promotion to promote their products. Such a promotion will lower consumers’ appraisal of the insurance companies so as to influence their intention and behavior. This research focuses on, when the insurance companies decide to stimulate short-term sales performance with promotion campaigns whether the promotion level should be high or low, what type of promotion an insurer should adopt, how the “Brand” will influence the consumers’ buying decision, and how to leverage the promotion level of promotion to positively impact on consumers’ image on the “Brand” and their buying behavior. Empirically, through pretest we selected Fubon Life Insurance Co. Ltd. and Far Glory Life Insurance Co. Ltd. as the experimental subjects representing high and low brand awareness respectively. With the inter-group factors experimental design, the subjects are divided into 2 × 2 experimental groups: high/low promotion level × high/low brand awareness. The testees are randomly exposed to a selected product DM and fill in the questionnaire. The number of effective questionnaire was 289 out of totally 300 required questionnaires for statistical analyses, and the experimental results support the hypothesis. The results include: 1. The higher the promotion level, the more significant influence on the quality and value of consumer consciousness and on the buying behavior. 2. Brand awareness has significant influence on the quality and value of consumer consciousness. 3. Unlike the companies with lower brand awareness, the ones with higher brand awareness won’t increase consumers’ willingness to buy when consumers face high promotion level. Keyword：Promotional level, Brand Awareness, Brand Evaluation, Purchase Intention, Bancassurance.
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YUAN, HSIAO-CHING, and 袁筱晴. "Junior High School Students’ Awareness of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Dietary Habits and Exercise Habits among Various Social Background." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56392485149403860843.
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碩士亞洲大學
生物資訊與醫學工程學系碩士在職專班
105
The purpose of the study is to review the relationships to the teenagers’ awareness of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), dietary habits and exercise habits among junior high school students from various social backgrounds. Using questionnaires with random samplings toward junior high school students from the 7th to 9th grade, 362 questionnaires were issued, 342 valid samples and the effective response rate was 94.5%. This study shows several results: 1.Students’ awareness of T2DM from Nantou County, Taiwan is generally good while dietary habits and exercise habits still need to be developed effectively. 2.Genders, grades of students, weekly arrangeable pocket money, and family history show significant difference in teenagers’ awareness of T2DM. First, the result reveals that girls’ awareness of T2DM is higher than boys’; meanwhile girls in high grades show more awareness of T2DM than those in low ones. Second, students who have more weekly arrangeable pocket money show less awareness of T2DM. Third, students from the diabetic families lead to higher awareness of T2DM. 3.On the subject of dietary habits, genders and mother’s educational attainment show significant difference. According to the study, girls care more about dietary habits than boys do. Also, the study reveals that participants’ parents, especially mothers, with higher educational level is associated with better dietary habits. 4.On the subject of exercise habits, gender is one of the essential factors to the significant difference in the awareness of T2DM. It is clear to see boys pay more attention to exercises and sports compared with girls. 5.Dietary habits show significant positive impacts on teenagers’ awareness of T2DM and exercise habits. Hopefully, the findings of this study would serve as guides to teenagers’ health education policy and promotion.
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CHANG, CHIA-LING, and 張嘉玲. "The Relationship among Brand Awareness, Promotion Type & Service Quality to Perceived Value & Purchase Intention - The Case Study of Famous Department Stores." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3eb936.
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碩士德明財經科技大學
行銷管理系
105
Department stores have been issuing vouchers (cash vouchers and product vouchers) for several decades. In the retail industry of department stores, due to the changes of regions, business areas, fashion trends etc., and because of the strong consumer needs towards retail products solxd in department stores, department stores industry becomes flourishing, and hence vigorously competitive. This research mainly investigates consumers’ intention of purchasing vouchers. This research attempts to investigate the relationship between brand awareness, types of promotion, service quality, perceived value and intention of purchase, through consumers’ acceptability towards vouchers and literature reviews. There are 365 effective samples. SPSS version 24.0 is used for analysis of reliability, analysis of factors, independent sample t-test, regression analysis, as well as result analysis and assumptions. Analyses related to this research are as follows. Firstly, there is a positive correlation between brand awareness, types of promotion, service quality and perceived value. Secondly, the assumption that intention of purchase is influenced by perceived value is valid. Thirdly, since perceived value has a mediating effect, brand awareness and service quality can directly effect intention of purchase, and types of promotion can partially effect the intention of purchase. Finally, I suggest to future researchers can provide more variables for research, and so management plans can be done with more precision.
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Hu, Mei-Lien, and 胡美連. "The Effects of Brief Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Stress, Mindful Awareness Attention, Sleep Quality, Autonomic Nervous System and Personality Type in Infertile Women." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34963137605201183437.
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碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
中西醫結合護理研究所
104
Abstract The stress that infertile women experience during the long period of infertility treatment leads to not only sleep disturbance and also other negative impact on both psychological and physiological health. This studyaimed to investigate the influence of intervention of mindfulness-based stress reduction at the stress, mindfulawareness attention, sleep quality andautonomic nervous systemin the infertile women who took the assisted reproductive technology. Also checking if stress-related personality traits caused by personality characteristics. This is a quasi-experimental design study with purposive sampling method to include infertility clinic patients met the inclusion criteria of the subjects. Total 73 cases included were divided into experimental group (N=40) and control group (N=33), we collected the pre-test, post-test and follow-up data in these two groups. The experimental group received a 2 hours Brief Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (B-MBSR)program in every week for four weeks, and conducted daily self-practice for half hour in everyday. Control group kept their usual daily life style. Assessment tools are the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Mindful Awareness Attention Scale (MAAS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), and A / B type personality quality table to measure for the psychological, physiological measurement tool is Heart Rate Variability (HRV).low frequency / high frequency (LF/HF)、standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) and total power were measured. Questionnaires were assessed for experimental groupat pre-test, post-test (4 weeks program) and follow-up (more 4 weeks after program). Control group were assessed at same time. After the B-MBSR interventions, the experimental group showed significantly decreased in PSS (B=-4.68, p<0.001) at the post-test and continuous decreased (B=-6.14, p<0.001) at the follow-up. MAAS increased at the post-test (B=4.23, p=0.05) and significantlyincreased (B =7.43, p=0.001) at the follow-up. PSQI significantly decreased at the post-test (B=-1.22, p=0.038) and continuous decreased (B=-2.74, p<0.001) at the follow-up. The control group had no significant change. The experimental group showed decreased in LF/HF(B=-0.57, p=0.112) at the post-test and significantly decreased (B=-0.70, p=0.012) at the follow-up. SDNN showed increased at the post-test (B= 6.79, p=0.097) and increased(B= 4.56, p=0.270) at the follow-up, TP(total power) showed increased at the post-test (B=467.29, p=0.186) and increased(B=378.45,p=0.315) at the follow-up,but no significant change with control group. A / B type personality quality table significantly decreased at the post-test (B=-3.85, p=0.034) and continuous significantly decreased (B=-6.80, p=0.004) at the follow-up. This research indicated that, the 4 weeks B-MBSRprogram and 4-week continuoushome practice after formal B-MBSR program can effectively reduce the perceived stress, increase mindful awareness attention and improve sleep quality, improve personality quality table and significantly decreased LF/HF, it improved autonomic function for infertile women as well.This research display that implementing B-MBSR training and continuous practice into daily life is effective strategy to help infertile women undergo infertility treatment process and is an effective psychological interventions for effectively reduce stress, increase mindfulawareness attention and improve sleep quality strategy. Keywords：Infertile Women,Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Perceived Stress, Mindful Awareness Attention, Sleep Quality, Heart Rate Variability, personality quality.
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Tsai, Hsiao-Chieh, and 蔡筱潔. "The Effects of Product Placement Type and Brand Awareness on the Attitudes toward the Advertorials in Print Media: The Moderating Role of Product Category." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16346373666978887757.
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碩士國立成功大學
企業管理學系碩博士班
92
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of product placement (PPL) type and brand awareness on attitudes toward the advertorials and the moderating effect of product categories. The hypotheses were tested by using a 2 (types of PPL— prominent vs. subtle) × 2 (levels of brand awareness— low vs. high) × 2 (product category— convenience goods vs. shopping goods) factorial design. The results of the study are as follows. 1. The types of PPL have significant effects on attitudes toward the advertorials. Respondents have most positive affect, cognition, and overall attitudes toward the advertorials when using PPL. Moreover, subtle PPL generates more positive affect, cognition, and overall attitudes than prominent PPL. 2. Products with high brand awareness generate more positive attitudes toward the brand than low brand awareness products do, but products with low brand awareness could generate similar attitudes toward the advertorials as the product with high brand awareness. 3. Low brand awareness product through subtle PPL generate more positive cognition attitudes toward the advertorials than prominent PPL. High brand awareness products through subtle PPL significantly generate more positive cognition attitudes, cognition attitudes, and overall attitudes toward the advertorials than prominent PPL. 4. Convenience goods with low and high brand awareness both generate more positive toward the affect, cognition, and overall attitudes when using subtle product placement. The means of attitudes toward the advertorials indicate that shopping goods with high brand awareness generate higher attitudes toward the advertorials in subtle PPL rather than in prominent PPL and advertisement. Shopping goods with low brand awareness generate higher attitudes in prominent PPL than in subtle PPL and advertisement. 5. When more positive attitudes toward the brand and advertorials are generated, the respondents will have more positive impact on purchase intention toward the product.
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Fan, Ya-Ting, and 范雅婷. "The Advertising Effects of The Number of Endorsers, Amount of Endorsers’ Endorsement, Type of Endorsers: Brand Awareness, Same/ Different Message Topic, Same/Different Advertisement Version as Moderators." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29369929180269841582.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
國際企業學系
94
From the plenty of advertisements, we can tell the difference from the appealing ad and disattractive ad. However, what are the factors to be attributed to the different attractiveness toward the ad are the spacious and curious questions to all the practitioners and the customers. The characters in the ad are one of the most important factors to deliver the product message to the intended customers.This research will focus on the ad endorsers who are celebrity, expert and typical consumers (Friedman, 1979; Freiden, 1984) and associate with difference practical issues which are not argued in the past. In this research, we will divide into two studies. Study 1 will discuss the number of endorsers(single or multiple), the number of brands or products they endorse, and the moderators are the type of endorsers, brand awareness. Study 2 deliberates the number of the endorsers express the single or multiple arguments in the same or the different ad. In order to prove the hypotheses, both study 1 and study 2 are foufactor analysis design. Study 1 are 2(the number of endorsers:single /multiple)*2(the amount of brands they endorse: exclusive / endorse many brands)*3(the type of endorsers:celebrity/expert/typical comsumer endorser)* 2(brand awareness:famous/infamous)=24 cells.Study 2 are 2(the number of endorsers:single /multiple) * 2(the type of endorsers:celebrity/ typical comsumer endorser)* 2(the ad message:the same/different) * 2(the adversion:the same/different)＝16 cells.The results are as follow: 1.The infamous brand should adopt the endorsers who endorse more than one brand. The famous brand should adopt multiple endorsers and these endorsers should be exclusive spokespersons. 2.The infamous brand should adopt multiple endorsers and the famous should adopt single endorser to attract the consumers. 3.Celebrity endorsers should be exclusive to endorse one brand while experts and typical consumer endorsers should endorse more than one brand. 4.When the ad messages are the same topic, it is useful to add the endorsers or to change the ad versions. On the other hand, when the ad message are different topics, it is useless to add the endorsers or change the ad version. 5.The typical endorsers should match up the same ad version while the celebrity should match up the different ad.
30
Pienaar, Jan Adriaan. "The integration of the Myers and Briggs type indicator in a marriage counselling approach." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1258.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to determine the influence of personality type as described by Jungian personality theory on marriage problems and to determine the usability of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to solve problems in the understanding and appreciating of individual personality differences.
The research depicts the importance of self-awareness to maintain significant relationships. Self-awareness is conceptualised as an integral part of personality psychology. Accurate personality assessment is described as a means to gain accurate self-awareness.
A literature study is done on personality theories to discover what role they play in marriage counselling. The question - where does the personality theory of Jung fit into personality psychology and marriage counselling - is answered.
The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator® as an application of Jungian personality theory and an assessment technique to gain accurate self-awareness is discussed.
A literature study of different marriage counselling approaches is presented and the focus of these approaches is discussed. None of these approaches used personality theory explicitly.
A marriage counselling approach is developed which integrates the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The approach has five pillars:
1. Developing mutual trust
2. Recognizing and accepting individual differences
3. Giving and receiving feedback
4. Solving problems
5. Letting go of the past
The research presents case studies, which confirm that the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator does help individuals and couples to become self-aware and develop awareness of the differences between their personality types. This self-awareness helps to rebuild marital relationships.Practical Theology
DTH (PRACTICAL THEOLOGY)
31
Dhok, Monika. "Automated Test Generation and Performance Improvement using Dynamic Program Analysis." Thesis, 2018. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5305.
Full textAbstract:
Software development process consists of various stages like design, implementation, and
testing. Since programmers are considerably involved in these stages, their intuition and
expertise play a vital role in the success of software deployment. Therefore, various tools
have been developed that assist programmers in creating, debugging and managing their
programs. Program analysis, the process of analyzing program behavior by examining its
source code or execution, forms the basis of such software tools. In this thesis, we identify
and address following three research gaps in the area of program analysis.
Type-awareness in concolic testing
Software testing is a widely used dynamic program analysis technique. It helps to determine
the program correctness by executing it to identify undesired behaviors. Since manually writing
effective test suite is challenging, various automated test generation approaches have
been proposed. Concolic testing is one such approach that outputs a test suite for a given
program with the intent of maximizing code coverage. This technique is shown to be very
effective for statically typed languages. With the modernization of web programming, dynamically
typed JavaScript has become a popular language. We study the extension of concolic
testing for JavaScript programs. We show that, for JavaScript programs, such approach generates
a large number of test cases that explore paths and types of the variables repeatedly.
Due to the resultant sizable test suite, adaption of such technique becomes impractical.
In our first work, we propose an effective approach that scales concolic testing by incorporating
type-awareness in conventional concolic testing. Our experiments demonstrate that,
for a significant percentage of the functions, type-aware concolic testing generates a small
percentage (less than 5%) of the test cases as compared to conventional concolic testing. On
average, this approach achieves over 97% of line coverage and over 94% of branch coverage
for all the functions across all benchmarks. Our experimental results show that adapting
type-aware concolic testing is as effective as conventional concolic testing in detecting bugs
and achieving coverage, even with a small percentage of test cases.
Test synthesis to detect redundant traversal bugs
Test generation techniques like concolic testing focus on verifying the functional correctness
of the program. Producing correct results is not the only requirement of the program.
These results should also be achieved within budgeted time. Efficiency, another important
aspect of the program, can be validated with performance testing. Our second work focuses
on automated performance testing in the context of redundant traversal bugs. Such
bugs occur when program fragment performs repetitive and same computations across
loop iterations. Various static and dynamic analysis techniques have been proposed to detect
such bugs automatically. However, the effectiveness of dynamic analyses is dependent
on input test cases, and static analyses are less useful in validating the presence of this
problem.
We propose an approach to generate tests for exposing redundant traversal of loops automatically.
Our experiments reveal the effectiveness of the proposed approach in generating
224 tests that reveal 46 bugs across seven libraries, including 34 previously unknown
bugs. The tests generated using our approach significantly outperform the randomly generated
tests in their ability to expose the inefficiencies, demonstrating the usefulness of
our design.
Performance hints for stable multithreaded systems
Assuring correctness and efficiency of the sequential programs is easier as compared to
multithreaded programs. This is mainly because the execution of multithreaded programs
depends not only on the input but also on thread interleavings. Stable multithreaded
systems restrict the set of possible schedules such that schedule remains unaffected for the
given input, even with minor changes. This eases the process of bug reproduction and
thereby guaranteeing correctness. However, the determinism imposed in these systems
can potentially serialize the schedule resulting in performance degradation. Our third
work focuses on automatically deriving performance hints so that such serialization can
be avoided. Our experimental results demonstrate that we are able to reduce the overall
execution time of programs by up to 34% when compared to the execution time where
barriers are inserted manually. Moreover, we observe a performance improvement ranging
from 38% to 88% as compared to programs without barriers. Our experimental results
show that adapting PEGASUS to infer barriers for multiple versions of a source program is
seamless.
In this thesis, we motivate the problems mentioned above and discuss proposed solutions
in detail. We implement above ideas, develop research prototypes, and study them
on well known real-world programs. The ease in using these prototypes makes our proposed
approach a viable contribution in designing techniques to develop software tools.
All the tools that are developed as part of this thesis have been released publicly