Academic literature on the topic 'Type-awareness'
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Journal articles on the topic "Type-awareness"
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Irace, Concetta. "Awareness of Diabetes Complication in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes." Diabetes & Obesity International Journal 7, no. 1 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/doij-16000251.
Full textAbstract:
Patients with diabetes are well-educated about the self-management of glycemic control; conversely, the education on the screening of complications are less structured and personalized. We designed our study to assess the awareness of complications in a sample of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This is an observational cross-sectional study. A questionnaire aimed to evaluate the knowledge of micro- and macro-vascular diabetic complications and of the tests used to detect them was provided to consecutive people with T2D. Three-hundred eleven participants with T2D were enrolled and competed the questionnaire. The majority of them were aware of retinopathy (98%), kidney disease (90%), cardiovascular diseases (57%), and leg sensitive abnormalities (83%), while few were aware of sexual (38%), bladder (45%), gastrointestinal (27%) and cardiovascular autonomic disorders (0.6%). Among those who were aware of sexual disorders, 33% defined the complication specific of male sex and 5% of both sexes. About one-third were aware of albuminuria, and 37% indicated electromyography as the standard test for peripheral neuropathy. An adequate level of awareness for most complications was observed. However, some complications linked to autonomic neuropathy and standard tests to detect diabetic nephropathy and peripheral neuropathy were poorly known. Furthermore, bladder, gastrointestinal disorders, and cardiac autonomic neuropathy were also less aware or unaware. A comprehensive education might be helpful to prevent the lesser-known complications and avoid inappropriate and expensive diagnostic tests.
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Young, Barbara. "Largest ever Type 2 awareness campaign." Independent Nurse, no. 16 September (September 16, 2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/indn.2013.15.14b.
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Ueki, Chikara, and Genichi Sakaguchi. "Importance of Awareness of Type II Error." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 105, no. 1 (January 2018): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.03.062.
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Ogino, Tomoko, and Hatsumi Kanzaki. "Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Awareness of Carbohydrate Consumption." Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science 40 (2020): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5630/jans.40.520.
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Wurthmann, Kurt. ""Perceivers’ Implicit Theories, Violation Type, and Moral Awareness"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, no. 1 (January 2013): 13827. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.210.
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Çınar, Derya, and Şeyda Binay Yaz. "Parents' awareness of type 1 diabetes: knowledge status." Progress in Health Sciences 11, no. 1 (June 4, 2021): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9286.
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Purpose: Type 1 diabetes is a common disease in children and teenagers, but it can occur at any age. This study aimed to determine the awareness and knowledge of type 1 diabetes in parents' to diagnose early. Materials and methods: This study is a descriptive type. Data were collected from 1 April to 1 July 2020 date in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 214 parents who accepted to participate in the study and completed the questionnaire were included in the sample. Results: It was found that the knowledge level of the parents participating in the study about type 1 diabetes was close to medium level (6.10±1.89). The study's findings revealed that there are misperceptions about the incidence of type 1 diabetes in parents. Parents are often confused about the reasons for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: In this study, although the knowledge level of the parents about type 1 diabetes is close to medium level, it is below the intermediate level. It is important and necessary for families to know about type 1 diabetes and its symptoms, observe their child or children and diagnose the disease early.
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Kang, Shin-Wook, and Eun-Ji Shin. "College Students' Sleep Type and Awareness of Sleep." Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15205/kschs.2015.3.2.354.
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Kanungo, Alok. "Myths about type 1 diabetes: Awareness and education." Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 19, no. 7 (2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.155362.
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de Groot, Mary, and Jennifer Wessel. "Genetic Testing and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Awareness." Diabetes Educator 40, no. 4 (March 19, 2014): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721714527643.
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Giles, Nathan, Hakwan Lau, and Brian Odegaard. "What Type of Awareness Does Binocular Rivalry Assess?" Trends in Cognitive Sciences 20, no. 10 (October 2016): 719–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.08.010.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Type-awareness"
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Geddes, Jacqueline. "Hypoglycaemia in adult humans, with and without type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5584.
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Hypoglycaemia is a very common side-effect of insulin therapy for diabetes and directly affects cognitive function. It can be identified by the onset of symptoms and by blood glucose monitoring. Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia is an acquired syndrome in people with insulin-treated diabetes. The definitions, frequency, causes, treatment and prevention of clinical hypoglycaemia and the effects on, and moderators of, cognitive function will be discussed. Two studies have examined the effects of hypoglycaemia on tests of particular cognitive domains in subjects with and without type 1 diabetes. Three further studies have examined the frequency of hypoglycaemia in people with and without impaired awareness, the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) and have compared methods of assessing awareness of hypoglycaemia. In study 1 the effect of acute hypoglycaemia on psychomotor function was examined in healthy volunteers (n =20) and adults with type 1 diabetes (n=16). Although acute hypoglycaemia caused significant impairment of several psychomotor functions in nondiabetic adults, a lower magnitude of impairment was observed in those with type 1 diabetes. The potential mechanisms behind this are discussed. In study 2 the effect of acute hypoglycaemia on a simple two-choice reaction time test, which has a model with validated performance parameters, was examined in 14 nondiabetic volunteers. Application of the validated model to the results of this task revealed that hypoglycaemia affected central processing and was not related to the amount of evidence required to make a decision or to peripheral and motor processes. This study is the first to use this method to dissect the effects of hypoglycaemia on cognition and enhances understanding of the mechanism underlying neuroglycopenia in adults. In Study 3 the methods of evaluating awareness of hypoglycaemia were compared in people with type 1 diabetes. Good concordance in clinical characteristics and frequency of biochemical hypoglycaemia was observed between the methods described by Gold et al and Clarke et al but not with a Danish method. In study 4 continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and home blood glucose monitoring were performed prospectively for 12 months in people with and without IAH. Those with IAH had a 1.6-fold higher incidence of biochemical hypoglycaemia as demonstrated by blood glucose monitoring, but CGM did not identify patients with IAH. In study 5 the prevalence of IAH in a large clinic population with type 1 diabetes was estimated and compared with earlier assessments. The overall prevalence was 20%.
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Dalile, Boushra. "Is the High Probability of Type II Error an Issue in Error Awareness ERP Studies?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12628.
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When researchers began addressing the electrophysiology of conscious error awareness more than a decade ago, the role of the error-related negativity (ERN), alongside the subsequently occurring error positivity (Pe), was an obvious locus of attention given the fact that they are taken as indices of cortical error processing. In contrast to the clear-cut findings that link the amplitude of the Pe to error awareness, the association between the ERN amplitude and error awareness is vastly unclear, with a range of studies reporting significant differences in the ERN amplitude with respect to error awareness, while others observing no modulation of the ERN amplitude. One problem in the studies obtaining null findings is the fact that conclusions are drawn based on small sample sizes, increasing the probability of type II error, especially given the fact that the ERN elicited using various error awareness paradigms tends to be small. The aim of the present study was to therefore address the issue of type II error in order to draw more certain conclusions about the modulation of the ERN amplitude by conscious error awareness. Forty participants performed a manual response inhibition task optimised to examine error awareness. While the early and late Pe amplitudes showed the expected sensitivity to error awareness, the ERN results depicted a more complex picture. The ERN amplitude for unaware errors appeared more negative than that of aware errors, both numerically and on the grand average ERP. The unexpected findings were explained in terms of (a) latency issues in the present data, (b) characteristics of the manual response inhibition task used and the possibility that it elicits variation in neurocognitive processing, and (c), in relation to possible contamination by the contingent negative variation (CNV), an ERP component elicited during response preparation. Suggestions for future research on how to address the issues raised in the present paper are also discussed.
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Walkinshaw, Emma. "Exploring the relationship between impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia and autonomic neuropathy in type one diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22423/.
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Njee, Brendabell Ebanga. "Cameroonian Immigrants ' Behaviors, Beliefs and Knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes: in Minnesota." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7319.
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Nondiabetic immigrants from Cameroon who migrate to Minnesota lack knowledge of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and face challenges accessing health care services. Nondiabetic immigrants from Cameroon lack culturally appropriate health care services and therefore find it difficult to follow providers' recommendations. This phenomenological study explored the perceptions and experiences of nondiabetic immigrants from Cameroon regarding access to affordable, quality health care services as well as their behaviors, beliefs, and knowledge of type 2 diabetes self-management. Bronfenbrenner's social ecological model provided the theoretical framework. Research questions addressed access to affordable health care services, knowledge, and perception of type 2 diabetes, dietary and activity behaviors, and awareness of diabetes self-management. A purposive sample of 13 nondiabetic Cameroonian immigrants participated in the study. Data were collected through in-depth personal interviews. Interviews were hand-coded, and NVivo was used to identify emerging themes. A key finding for this study is that participants leave their appointments without adequate information and continue living in poor health because they lack understanding of medical recommendations. The participants expressed concerns that their health care providers did not address their psychosocial needs in conjunction with physical needs. They also expressed interest in learning about healthy eating. Participants prefer to learn how to count carbohydrates and nutritional values of traditional food to help manage portion size. The social change implications indicate further training for health care professionals in physical and emotional needs of immigrant population from Cameroon.
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Little, Stuart Alexander. "Design, management and completion of the HypoCOMPaSS RCT evaluating potential for restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness in type 1 diabetes using conventional vs novel technologies : and exploration of potential phenotypes predicting persistent impaired awareness despite study intervention." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2841.
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Aim: To explore the extent to which impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) can be improved using currently available treatment regimens in individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and to characterise those individuals whose awareness of hypoglycaemia did not improve. Methods: A multicentre, 2x2 factorial 24-week RCT (HypoCOMPaSS) comparing multiple daily injections (MDI) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy (CSII) with or without real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT) in a population with T1DM and IAH was designed. The study was undertaken in five UK centres using established and novel outcome measures to assess hypoglycaemia awareness, glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction. A second analysis was undertaken characterising individuals within the HypoCOMPaSS population as responders and non-responders. Complication status, autonomic symptom profile and hyperglycaemia avoidance scores were assessed. Results: Overall, hypoglycaemia awareness improved, and biochemical hypoglycaemia, severe hypoglycaemia rate and insulin doses reduced without deterioration in HbA1c. There were no significant differences in awareness comparing MDI with CSII; and RT with conventional glucose monitoring. Between-group analyses demonstrated comparable reductions in severe hypoglycaemia, biochemical hypoglycaemia, fear of hypoglycaemia and insulin doses with equivalent HbA1c. Treatment satisfaction was highest with CSII. In the second study there was a suggestion that longer diabetes duration and increased age may impair ability to respond to the interventions but this did not correlate with severity of autonomic symptoms. Conclusions: Hypoglycaemia awareness can be improved and recurrent severe hypoglycaemia prevented in long-standing T1DM without relaxing HbA1c. Similar biomedical outcomes can be attained with conventional MDI and SMBG regimens compared with CSII / RT. All individuals may benefit from biomedical interventions to improve awareness of hypoglycaemia. This ii research provides a basis for further studies investigating impact of new technologies on severe hypoglycaemia and underlines the importance of tailoring treatment to avoid biochemical hypoglycaemia without relaxing overall control.
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Arteaga, Zarate María de Guadalupe, and Olivares Gina Elizabeth Demarini. "Type 2 diabetes and anxiety symptoms: a cross-sectional study in Peru." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656152.
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Objective: To determine the association between diabetes mellitus type 2 and anxiety symptoms using a population-based study from the semi urban population of Tumbes, Peru.
Research design and methods: The present study was an observational, analytical cross-sectional one. Data from a population-based study conducted in Tumbes, Peru between 2016 and 2017 was analyzed. The variables studied were T2DM, defined using fasting glucose and anxiety symptoms, using the Goldberg scale.
Results: Data from 1609 individuals was analyzed, with mean age 48.16 (SD:10.61) and 810 women (50.3%), where a total of 161 were classified as having T2DM (10.0%; CI 95%: 8.5%-11.4%) and 675 individuals had anxiety symptoms (41.95%; CI 95%:39.5%-44.3%). A statistically significant association was found between DM2 and anxiety symptoms (p <0.001). Furthermore, those patients aware of their diagnosis of diabetes over 5 years had a 56% (95% CI: 25% - 96%) higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms compared to participants without DM2.
Conclusion: An association was found between DM2 and anxiety symptoms; there being a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms in participants previously aware of having DM2. Periodic monitoring of anxiety symptoms is recommended in these patients.Objetivo: Determinar si existe una asociación entre diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y síntomas de ansiedad usando un estudio de base poblacional en la zona de Tumbes, Perú. Material y Métodos: El presente estudio fue de tipo observacional, transversal analítico. Se analizaron los datos procedentes de un estudio realizado en Tumbes, Perú entre los años 2016 al 2017. Las variables de interés fueron diabetes mellitus tipo 2 como exposición; medido con glucosa en ayunas, y síntomas de ansiedad como variable resultado, evaluado usando la escala de Goldberg. Resultados: Se analizó 1609 individuos con edad media de 48,16 (DE:10,61) y 810 mujeres (50,3%); donde un total de 161 participantes padecían de DM2 (10,0%; IC 95%: 8,5%-11,4%) y 675 participantes (41,95%; IC95%:39,5%-44,3%) tenían síntomas de ansiedad. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre DM2 y síntomas de ansiedad (p<0,001); más aún, aquellos pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mayor a 5 años tenían 56% (IC 95%: 25% - 96%) mayor prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad en comparación con los participantes sin DM2. Conclusión: Se encontró asociación entre DM2 y síntomas de ansiedad; habiendo mayor prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad en los participantes previamente conscientes de padecer DM2. Se recomienda hacer un seguimiento periódico de los síntomas de ansiedad en estos pacientes.
Tesis
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Pasqualin, Douglas Pereira. "CÁLCULO DE AMBIENTES TIPADO SENSÍVEL AO CONTEXTO PARA APLICAÇÕES PERVASIVAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5401.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, mobile computing is more present in daily life. Mobile phones, notebooks,
smart phones and wireless networks are part of everyday life. With this technology available,
the research in pervasive computing is growing. The idea of pervasive computing was introduced
by Mark Weiser in 1991, with a personal vision of how would be computing in the 21st
century. Weiser s idea was that information processing would become part of everyday life, and
would be available everywhere. Furthermore, it would be so natural as being invisible in the
ambient. To make computing invisible, applications must be proactive, asking for a minimum of
user intervention for its operation. An important concept that arises with pervasive computing is
the context awareness . Context is any information that can be used to characterize an entity.
Based on contextual information, applications can dynamically adapt to the environments in
which they operate, becoming proactive and conveying the idea of invisibility. New programming
languages or even new paradigms are being developed trying to make more intuitive the
programming of pervasive applications. Most of these programming languages attempt to add
new features into existing programming languages. However, some authors argue that there
must be new formalisms that help to model the properties of pervasive systems, in particular the
context awareness. The formal description of a system modeled by formal methods can be used
to demonstrate that some properties of the system are correctly modeled. In this sense, this work
studies a formal model that can be used as a basis for specifying a new programming language,
called Calculus of Context-aware Ambients (CCA), proposed to describe mobile and pervasive
applications. Another formal method used in the specification of programming languages are
the type systems. Type systems helps to ensure that the system behaves according to the specification,
that is, is a way to formally prove the absence of undesirable behavior in a system.
Thus, the main contribution of this work is the definition of a type system for the CCA with
the focus in the communication between processes. As a case study two real scenarios were
modeled using the CCA, demonstrating the use of the type system developed. The preservation
(or subject reduction) property of the type system was formally proved, demonstrating that the
type system is correct, i.e., achieving the main purpose of the present work.Atualmente, a computação móvel está mais presente na rotina das pessoas. Celulares, notebooks, smartphones e redes sem fio fazem parte do cotidiano. Com essa tecnologia disponível, as pesquisas na área de computação pervasiva crescem a cada dia. A ideia da computação pervasiva surgiu com um artigo escrito por Mark Weiser em 1991, com uma visão pessoal de como seria a computação no século 21. Weiser descreveu que a computação faria parte do cotidiano das pessoas, e estaria acessível em todos os ambientes. Além disso, seria tão natural que passaria a ideia de estar invisível no ambiente. Para tornar a computação invisível, as aplicações devem ser pró-ativas, solicitando o mínimo de intervenção do usuário para o seu funcionamento. Um conceito importante que surge na computação pervasiva é a sensibilidade ao contexto . Contexto é qualquer informação que possa ser utilizada para caracterizar uma entidade. Com base em informações contextuais, as aplicações podem se adaptar dinamicamente aos ambientes nos quais estão inseridas, tornando-se pró-ativas e transmitindo a ideia da invisibilidade. Novas linguagens de programação ou até mesmo novos paradigmas de programação estão sendo desenvolvidos, tentando tornar mais intuitiva a programação de aplicações pervasivas. A maioria dessas linguagens tenta adicionar novas funcionalidades em linguagens já existentes. Porém, alguns autores defendem que deveriam existir novos formalismos que ajudem a modelar as propriedades dos sistemas pervasivos, em especial a sensibilidade ao contexto. A descrição formal de um sistema modelado através de métodos formais pode ser utilizada para demonstrar que algumas propriedades de um sistema estão corretamente modeladas. Nesse sentido, este trabalho estuda um modelo formal que pode servir como base para a especificação de novas linguagens de programação, chamado Cálculo de Ambientes Sensível ao Contexto (CASC), proposto para descrever ambientes móveis e aplicações pervasivas. Outro método formal que é utilizado para especificar linguagens de programação são os sistemas de tipos. Sistemas de tipos ajudam a garantir que um sistema se comporta de acordo com a sua especificação, ou seja, são uma maneira de provar formalmente a ausência de comportamentos indesejados dentro de um sistema. Dessa forma, a principal contribuição deste trabalho é a definição de um sistema de tipos para o CASC com o foco no controle de comunicação entre processos. Como estudo de caso, dois cenários reais foram modelados utilizando o CASC, demonstrando o uso do sistema de tipos desenvolvido. A propriedade preservation (ou subject reduction) do sistema de tipos foi provada formalmente, demostrando que o sistema de tipos está correto, ou seja, atingindo o objetivo principal do trabalho. Palavras-chave: Sistema de Tipos. Cálculo de Ambientes. Computação Pervasiva. Sensibilidade ao Contexto.
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Graveling, Alex James. "Hypoglycaemia in children and adults with type 1 diabetes : clinical implications." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19516.
Full textAbstract:
The proposed thesis will examine three areas of research: (1) the effects of hypoglycaemia on cognitive function in adults with and without T1DM, (2) the symptoms and awareness of hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with T1DM and (3) hypoglycaemia and driving in people with insulin-treated diabetes: self-treatment and adherence to recommendations for avoidance. (1) Executive cognitive function governs organisation of thoughts, prioritisation of tasks, and time management. This study examined the effect of acute hypoglycaemia on executive function in adults with and without diabetes. Thirty-two adults with and without type 1 diabetes were studied. Two hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamps were performed at least 2 weeks apart in a single-blind, counterbalanced order. Executive functions were assessed with a validated test suite (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function). A general linear model (repeated-measures ANOVA) was used. Compared with euglycaemia, executive functions (with one exception) were significantly impaired during hypoglycaemia; lower test scores were recorded with more time required for completion. Large Cohen d values (>0.8) suggest that hypoglycaemia induces decrements in aspects of executive function with large effect sizes. In some tests, the performance of participants with diabetes was more impaired than those without diabetes. Executive cognitive function, which is necessary to carry out many everyday activities, is impaired during hypoglycaemia in adults with and without type 1 diabetes. (2) In children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) is uncertain. Questionnaires were completed by 98 children with T1DM (mean age 10.6 years) and their parent(s); hospital admission data for the previous year were collected. Awareness of hypoglycaemia was assessed using two questionnaire-based methods that have been validated in adults. For 4 weeks, participants performed routine blood glucose measurements and completed questionnaires after each episode of hypoglycaemia. The ‘Gold’ questionnaire classified a greater proportion of the participants as having IAH than the ‘Clarke’ questionnaire (68.4 vs. 22.4%). Using the ‘Clarke’ method, but not the ‘Gold’ method, children with IAH were younger and more likely to require external assistance or hospital admission. In contrast to adults, behavioural symptoms were the best predictors of awareness status. IAH affects a substantial minority of children and impending hypoglycaemia may be heralded by behavioural symptoms. The ‘Clarke’ method was more effective at identifying those at increased risk. (3) A clinical survey of an outpatient clinic population to ascertain current knowledge and practice among drivers with insulin-treated diabetes. A representative sample of 202 current drivers with insulin-treated diabetes completed a structured questionnaire. A minimum blood glucose level of 4.0 mmol/L or higher was considered necessary for driving by 74.8%, and 87.1% reported always keeping carbohydrate in their vehicle. However, 38.1% reported never carrying a glucose meter when driving, and 59.9% that they never test blood glucose before driving, or test only if symptomatic of hypoglycaemia. Most participants 89% would stop driving to treat hypoglycaemia although only 13.9% would wait longer than 30 min. Compliance with statutory requirements to inform the licensing authority and motor insurer is good.
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Petrovay, David William. "Personality Characteristics, Career Awareness, and Job Expectations of New Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194332.
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In 2000, contributors to the formulation of the National Plan for Training Personnel to Serve Children with Blindness and Low Vision anticipated a severe shortage of direct service personnel as early as 2006 with an increasing negative impact on teacher numbers through the end of the decade. It is necessary to attract approximately 5,000 new teachers to the field to meet the needs of the ever-increasing population of students with visual impairments requiring specialized training.This study investigated the personality and background experiences of individuals who are attracted to work as educators with students with visual impairments. A sample of 132 teachers who had been trained at either the undergraduate or graduate level and were employed within their first five years as teachers with this specialization completed the Holland Self-Directed Search (Form CP) and a Participant Profile form to ascertain the personality types and experiences of those new to the field.The study considered three variables: (1) gender, (2) race/ethnicity, (3) teacher training level and their association with Holland personality type (RIASEC). All three variables were weak predictors of the personality type of teachers of the visually impaired as indicated by Goodman and Kruskal's tau. Results of the Holland Self-Directed Search was a stronger measure of the personality type associated with becoming a teacher of students with visual impairments. The data related to the sample revealed that 65.2% of those responding identified themselves as Social type.Teachers identified how they became aware of the field prior to making a decision to enter a teacher-training program, what their reasons were for making a decision to enter a training program to become a teacher of students with visual impairments, and which areas of their teaching experience differed from what they had expected prior to employment in the field. Limitations of the study, implications of the results for recruitment and retention of teachers of students with visual impairments, and recommendations for future research are provided.
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Shah, Payal S. "Awareness of Diabetes Risk and Adoption of Diabetes Risk Reduction Behaviors in the Presence of Other Risk Factors in U.S Adults: An Examination of NHANES Data 2007-2008." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/188.
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ABSTRACT
Background: Prediabetes is a precursor condition to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous research and clinical trials have shown that the onset of type 2 diabetes could be delayed or prevented through structured life style modifications such as dietary changes, modest weight loss and moderate-intensity exercise. This study examines U.S adults of different ethnicities that include non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black and Mexican Americans and whether their awareness of diabetes risk is associated with their participation in diabetes risk reduction behavior, a combination of physical activity, weight control and fat/calories intake.
Methods: The 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES, was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of 4083 U.S. adults who were 20 years old and above and were aware of their diabetes risk. The association between the awareness of one’s diabetes risk and the adoption of diabetes risk reduction behavior were examined in present of other risk factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, education, annual family income, BMI, hypertension, mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels. Males and females were examined separately for all analyses performed. Cross tabulation was conducted and p-values were calculated by the Pearson’s chi-square test for the categorical variables which include gender, ethnicity, education, annual family income, adiposity and hypertension. One Way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were conducted for the continuous variables which include age, mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride levels. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between the main independent variable, awareness of one’s diabetes risk, and the dependent variable, adoption of diabetes risk reduction behavior, controlling for other risk factors. A p-value of <0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to determine statistical significance throughout all analyses performed.
Results: After controlling for age, gender, race, education, annual family income, BMI, hypertension, mean systolic blood pressure, mean diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides, results from the multivariate analysis showed that subjects who were aware of their diabetes risk were more likely to adopt diabetes risk reduction behavior (OR= 1,734, 95 % CI=1.217-2.470). Females and non-Hispanic blacks, who were aware of their diabetes risk, were also more likely to adopt diabetes risk reduction behavior compared to males, non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. An increase in the levels of education, annual family income and BMI was also associated with the adoption of diabetes risk reduction behavior. Stratification according to gender and ethnicity, showed that Mexican American males and females were more likely to engage in diabetes risk reduction behavior compared to non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks (Mexican American males: OR: 2.496, CI: 0.792-7.868; Mexican American females: OR: 2.830, CI: 0.917-8.736).
Conclusion: This study provides useful insights for health care providers and public health professionals who are developing health promotion and prevention interventions to address pre diabetes before it develops into type 2 diabetes. This study also allows the development of tailored interventions for specific genders and ethnic groups that are at risk. Results of this study indicate that Mexican Americans and females (in general) are more likely to adopt diabetes risk reduction behavior. Therefore, physicians and health care providers should develop culturally, linguistically and gender- specific education materials and programs for this particular gender and ethnic group. This in turn, may reduce the overall increasing prevalence of diabetes, reduce racial and gender disparities and may have a positive impact on the overall health of the U.S. population.
Books on the topic "Type-awareness"
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The personality brokers: The strange history of Myers-Briggs and the birth of personality testing. New York: Doubleday, 2018.
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asnaz, thahitao. Notebook: Cure Diabetic T Funny Type 1 Diabetes Awareness 6x9 Inch Notebook. Independently Published, 2020.
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Vazquez, Raquel. T1D Warrior - Type 1 Diabetes Awareness Diabetic Notebook 8. 5''x11'' Jounal Lined. Independently Published, 2021.
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Williams, Terri. Diabetes Warrior Awareness Diabetic Support Type Walk Notebook / 130 Pages / US Letter Size. Independently Published, 2021.
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Williams, Terri. Diabetes Warrior Awareness Diabetic Support Type Walk Notebook / 130 Pages / US Letter Size. Independently Published, 2021.
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Diabetes Log Book -: T1D Diabetic Type 1 Diabetes Awareness Daily Diabetic Glucose Record Book. Independently Published, 2020.
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Diabetes Log Book -: T1D Diabetic Type 1 Diabetes Awareness Daily Diabetic Glucose Record Book. Independently Published, 2020.
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Diabetes Log Book -: Type 1 Mom Diabetes Awareness Month Daily Diabetic Glucose Record Book. Independently Published, 2020.
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Felicity, Suzanne. Diabetes Log Book -: T1D Diabetic Type 1 Diabetes Awareness Daily Diabetic Glucose Record Book. Independently Published, 2020.
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Felicity, Suzanne. Diabetes Log Book -: Type 1 Sister Awareness Diabetes Diabetic Daily Diabetic Glucose Record Book. Independently Published, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Type-awareness"
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Schuster, David, Florian Jentsch, Thomas Fincannon, and Scott Ososky. "The Impact of Type and Level of Automation on Situation Awareness and Performance in Human-Robot Interaction." In Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics. Understanding Human Cognition, 252–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39360-0_28.
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Di Cosmo, Lucio, and Antonio Floris. "Biodiversity and Protected Wooded Lands." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 391–446. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98678-0_9.
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AbstractThe importance of forests for their functions other than timber and wood production has dramatically increased in the last decades with the increased awareness of the risks deriving from deforestation and the acknowledgment of the great amount of goods and benefits forests provide. Consequently, national forest inventories have widened their objectives and nowadays include variables related to environmental aspects. Among these aspects, biodiversity plays a key role for forest ecosystems’ adaptation to climate change. This chapter details the INFC2015 estimates regarding tree species diversity. It also shows the estimates on the naturalness of the stands’ regeneration processes and those on the presence and type of deadwood in forests. In addition to carbon storage, standing dead trees, stumps and lying deadwood also have a great potential for biodiversity. Forest protection is also pursued through laws and policies that allow for the creation of protected areas of various type and protection degree. The main inventory statistics on wooded lands in protected areas are given in the last section of this chapter.
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Sheppard, Chris, and Rod Ellis. "Chapter 7. The effects of awareness-raising through stimulated recall on the repeated performance of the same task and on a new task of the same type." In Task-Based Language Teaching, 171–92. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tblt.11.07she.
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Bermúdez, José Luis. "Bodily Awareness and Self-Consciousness." In The Bodily Self. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037501.003.0007.
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We are embodied, and we are aware of our bodies ‘from the inside’ through different forms of bodily awareness. But what is the relation between these two facts? Are these forms of bodily awareness types of self-consciousness, on a par, say, with introspection? In this paper I argue that bodily awareness is a basic form of self-consciousness, through which perceiving agents are directly conscious of the bodily self. The first two sections clarify the nature of bodily awareness. Sections III to V I explore how bodily awareness functions as a form of self-consciousness and how this is connected to the property of being immune to error through misidentification relative to the first person pronoun. In section IV I consider, and remain unconvinced by, an argument to the effect that bodily awareness cannot have first person content (and hence cannot count as a form of self-consciousness). Finally, section V sketches out an account of the spatial content of bodily awareness and explores the particular type of awareness of the bodily self that it provides.
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McMillan, Eric, and Michael Tyworth. "An Alternative Framework for Research on Situational Awareness in Computer Network Defense." In Situational Awareness in Computer Network Defense, 71–85. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0104-8.ch005.
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In this chapter the authors present a new framework for the study of situation awareness in computer network defense (cyber-SA). While immensely valuable, the research to date on cyber-SA has overemphasized an algorithmic level of analysis to the exclusion of the human actor. Since situation awareness, and therefore cyber-SA, is a human cognitive process and state, it is essential that future cyber-SA research account for the human-in-the-loop. To that end, the framework in this chapter presents a basis for examining cyber-SA at the cognitive, system, work, and enterprise levels of analysis. In describing the framework, the authors present examples of research that are emblematic of each type of analysis.
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Chimuanya, Lily, and Ebuka Igwebuike. "“Type Amen” or Perish!" In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 503–18. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8535-0.ch027.
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This chapter examines religious discourse on Facebook and brings to the fore the recurrent deceptive requests that have given rise to new forms of religious extremism and radicalism. Many Christians have turned to social media as a medium where their faith can be practiced and with the intention of enforcing it on others. One major avenue through which this ensues is in the inherent ideological requests on Facebook where members are threatened to either type “Amen” or be afflicted with curses as punishment. These misleading requests usually attract instantaneous thousands of “likes” and consenting responses that depict underlying fear. An awareness of these extremist inclinations against the backdrop of religion is crucial to the understanding and interpretation of the semiotic realities within such Facebook posts.
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Kasapakis, Vlasios, and Damianos Gavalas. "Design Aspects and Context Awareness in Pervasive Games." In Creating Personal, Social, and Urban Awareness through Pervasive Computing, 131–56. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4695-7.ch006.
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Pervasive games are a new type of digital games that combines game and physical reality within the gameplay. This novel game type raises unprecedented research and design challenges for developers and urges the exploration of new technologies and methods to create high quality game experiences and design novel and compelling forms of content for the players. This chapter follows a systematic approach to explore the landscape of pervasive gaming. First, the authors approach pervasive games from a theoretical point of view, defining the four axes of pervasive games design, introducing the concept of game world persistency, and describing aspects of spatially/temporally/socially expanded games. Then, they present ten pervasive game projects, classified in five genres based on their playing environment and features. Following that, the authors present a comparative view of those projects with respect to several design aspects: communication and localization, context and personal awareness aspects, information model, player equipment, and game space visualization. Last, the authors highlight current trends, design principles, and future directions for pervasive games development.
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Grigorakis, Ioannis. "The Impact of Mobile Learning via Touch-Screen Tablets in Emergent Literacy Development." In Mobile Learning Applications in Early Childhood Education, 61–81. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1486-3.ch004.
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Children's use of touch-screen tablets is increasing as these mobile devices become increasingly available. The interactive, tactile touch-screen interface and easily downloadable applications make tablets especially popular with pre-schoolers. This chapter's literature review provides an overview of recent research into tablets and emergent literacy development at home and in the pre-school setting. A multi-faceted synthesis of research on children's use of tablets and its impact in emergent literacy skills was conducted. The evidence indicated that mobile learning via touch-screen tablets has the potential to broadly enhance emergent writing and may facilitate the development of letter name/sound knowledge, print awareness, letter writing and name writing skills, and phonological awareness. The relation between the use of tablets and emergent literacy development seems to be complex as it is mediated by factors such as the type of multisensory experiences through literacy applications and the type of scaffolding used by adults. Recommendations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Dhillon, Gurpreet, Kane Smith, and Karin Hedström. "Ensuring Core Competencies for Cybersecurity Specialists." In Cybersecurity Education for Awareness and Compliance, 121–33. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7847-5.ch007.
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Within an organization, it is critical that all employees possess a security awareness and thus play a part in the protection of said organization's information assets. Some employees will have key roles and responsibilities and require specific skills to support them. However, organizations can face challenges in regard to recognizing the required specialized skills as well as where to obtain them. For this reason, whether an organization chooses to hire new staff, developing existing staff, or outsource the activities altogether, it is necessary to know the type and level of expertise required. To this end, this chapter discusses the need for organizations to understand and identify the essential skills related to cybersecurity in order for their employees to develop core competencies in these areas.
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McMillan, Eric, and Michael Tyworth. "An Alternative Framework for Research on Situational Awareness in Computer Network Defense." In Cyber Behavior, 322–36. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5942-1.ch018.
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In this chapter the authors present a new framework for the study of situation awareness in computer network defense (cyber-SA). While immensely valuable, the research to date on cyber-SA has overemphasized an algorithmic level of analysis to the exclusion of the human actor. Since situation awareness, and therefore cyber-SA, is a human cognitive process and state, it is essential that future cyber-SA research account for the human-in-the-loop. To that end, the framework in this chapter presents a basis for examining cyber-SA at the cognitive, system, work, and enterprise levels of analysis. In describing the framework, the authors present examples of research that are emblematic of each type of analysis.
Conference papers on the topic "Type-awareness"
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Dube, Thomas, Richard Raines, Gilbert Peterson, Kenneth Bauer, Michael Grimaila, and Steven Rogers. "Malware Type Recognition and Cyber Situational Awareness." In 2010 IEEE Second International Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socialcom.2010.139.
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Tähti, Marika, Ville-Mikko Rautio, and Leena Arhippainen. "Utilizing context-awareness in office-type working life." In the 3rd international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1052380.1052392.
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Vijayasankar, Kiron, Gopalan Sivathanu, Swaminathan Sundararaman, and Erez Zadok. "Exploiting type-awareness in a self-recovering disk." In the 2007 ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1314313.1314321.
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Desai, Sachi, David Grasing, Amir Morcos, and Myron Hohil. "Artillery/mortar round type classification to increase system situational awareness." In SPIE Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.777935.
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Maurer, Max-Emanuel, Alexander De Luca, and Sylvia Kempe. "Using data type based security alert dialogs to raise online security awareness." In the Seventh Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2078827.2078830.
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Zhang, Yaru, and Xijin Tang. "CLACTA: Comment-Level-Attention and Comment-Type-Awareness for Fake News Detection." In 2021 11th International Conference on Information Science and Technology (ICIST). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icist52614.2021.9440601.
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Suzuki, Takuo, and Tomoki Hamagami. "Context awareness by unit-type evolutionary Petri net for team medical care support." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6973938.
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Syarief, Moch Edman, Ira Novianty, and Ahmad Sirri. "The Relations of Job Type, Smartphone Usage, Religion, and Financial Institution Product Awareness." In 2nd International Seminar of Science and Applied Technology (ISSAT 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.211106.091.
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Silpachai, Alif, Ivana Rehman, Taylor Anne Barriuso, John Levis, Evgeny Chukharev-Hudilainen, Guanlong Zhao, and Ricardo Gutierrez-Osuna. "Effects of Voice Type and Task on L2 Learners’ Awareness of Pronunciation Errors." In Interspeech 2021. ISCA: ISCA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2021-701.
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Miyabe, M., and T. Yoshino. "Effect of workspace awareness for the all-for-one-type multilingual conference support system." In 2010 International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iuser.2010.5716768.
Full textReports on the topic "Type-awareness"
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Vaz, Maria João, and Helena Machado. A systematic literature review of Big Data in tourism industry: a state of the art and future directions. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0012.
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Review question / Objective: P.E.O: Population, exposure, outcome. What privacy and data protection challenges are linked by different stakeholders, to the Big Data's application in the tourism sector: P - stakeholders; E - Big Data in tourism; O - privacy and data protection challenges. Condition being studied: This investigation aims to map the social and ethical controversies associated with the use of Big Data, addressing the “technological optimism” that tends to surround the use of these techniques in the tourism sector, which may compromise sustainable tourism in the long term. Main outcome(s): It allows to develop an awareness of benefits and risks and to involve all stakeholders in the debate. It will increase transparency, and promote more accessible communication while promoting the sharing of experiences and opinions from different interest groups. This type of solution should be implemented at an early stage of the process.
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Abou-El-Seoud, Dena, Johnna Potthoff, John Cheek, Jeffrey Stamper, Steven Yates, David Druzbicki, Courtney Chambers, et al. Invasive species costs to the USACE Navigation Business Line : a demonstration analysis in the Chicago District. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46223.
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Executive Order 13112 requires federal agencies to report invasive species costs to the National Invasive Species Counsel (NISC) annually. NISC then reports to Congress to increase awareness of invasive species and encourage inter-agency cooperation. Since 2005, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has provided an annual estimate for the Civil Works (CW) business lines. Traditionally, USACE estimates have been informed by broad assumptions, as many invasive species costs are not itemized. This study sought to develop a method to improve these estimates. A demonstration analysis was conducted for the Chicago District Navigation Business Line and was used to inform recommendations for a nation-wide analysis. The demonstration revealed invasive species-related costs represent about 0.2% ($64,000) of the district’s Navigation Business Line. Invasive species costs are subject to many variables, such as the type, prevalence, and impact of invasive species, as well as the number and type of navigation projects. The Chicago District results are not presumed to be indicative of other districts’ invasive species costs. Rather, the demonstration informed the development of an invasive species cost estimating method that can adapted for each CW business line, as well as variations in invasive species and projects across geographic regions. This report describes the demonstration analysis and presents a defensible framework for quantifying the costs of invasive species to the USACE CW program.
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Sakulneya, Apidej, and Jeffery Roesler. Enhancing Construction Work-Zone Safety by Passive Pavement-to-Vehicle Communication. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-016.
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Construction work zones for roads pose significant safety challenges for drivers and workers, which can lead to accidents, injuries, fatalities, and property damage. Enhancing construction work-zone safety requires an understanding of the factors influencing accidents and fatalities and an evaluation of existing safety and traffic-management measures. The objective of this study was to improve work-zone safety for roadways, by connecting passive material sensing in the road with vehicle communication systems. A review of the main roadway work-zone safety literature found driver behavior, traffic congestion, and signage effectiveness to be the most significant factors. Vehicle speed, type of vehicles, type of collisions, and environmental conditions were found to have the most impact on the fatality rate in work zones. Past attempts to improve work-zone safety include adding rumble strips, more warning signs, and implementing smart-work-zone (SWZ) technologies. SWZ communication in-vehicle was found to reduce traffic speeds and promote faster and more consistent merging in the work-zone transition area. Pavement-assisted passive sensing, coupled with vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, may offer enhanced in-vehicle speed and lane-merge warnings, which could improve driver awareness, reduce vehicle speeds, and improve work-zone safety. A laboratory-based experiment was developed to validate the theoretical configurations of smart work zones (SWZ) using passive pavement sensing, with the objective being to determine suitable spacings and inclination angles for the electromagnetic (EM) strips as speed and lane-merge warning systems, respectively. The experimental results revealed that these EM strips can estimate vehicle speed with sufficient accuracy, and the spacing of the EM-sensing strips influences the signal intensity. Additionally, the spacing and inclination angle of the EM strips influence the captured signals. This lab pilot study clearly demonstrated the potential of EM-based strips in enhancing speed and lane-merge warning systems using V2I technology for improved safety in roadway work zones.
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Romova, Zina, and Martin Andrew. Embedding Learning for Future and Imagined Communities in Portfolio Assessment. Unitec ePress, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.42015.
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In tertiary contexts where adults study writing for future academic purposes, teaching and learning via portfolio provides them with multiple opportunities to create and recreate texts characteristic of their future and imagined discourse communities. This paper discusses the value of portfolios as vehicles for rehearsing membership of what Benedict Anderson (1983) called “imagined communities”, a concept applied by such scholars as Yasuko Kanno and Bonny Norton (2003). Portfolios can achieve this process of apprenticeship to a specialist discourse through reproducing texts similar to the authentic artefacts of those discourse communities (Flowerdew, 2000; Hyland, 2003, 2004). We consider the value of multi-drafting, where learners reflect on the learning of a text type characteristic of the students’ future imagined community. We explore Hamp-Lyons and Condon’s belief (2000) that portfolios “critically engage students and teachers in continual discussion, analysis and evaluation of their processes and progress as writers, as reflected in multiple written products” (p.15). Introduced by a discussion of how theoretical perspectives on learning and assessing writing engage with portfolio production, the study presented here outlines a situated pedagogical approach, where students report on their improvement across three portfolio drafts and assess their learning reflectively. A multicultural group of 41 learners enrolled in the degree-level course Academic Writing [AW] at a tertiary institution in New Zealand took part in a study reflecting on this approach to building awareness of one’s own writing. Focus group interviews with a researcher at the final stage of the programme provided qualitative data, which was transcribed and analysed using textual analysis methods (Ryan and Bernard, 2003). Students identified a range of advantages of teaching and learning AW by portfolio. One of the identified benefits was that the selected text types within the programme were perceived as useful to the students’ immediate futures. This careful choice of target genre was reflected in the overall value of the programme for these learners.
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Jay. L51710 Active Noise Silencing. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010333.
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Many natural gas compressor stations which were previously located away from residential areas are now being encroached upon by surrounding building developments. Furthermore, an increased awareness of community noise issues has proved to be the impetus for investigating and developing more effective noise control methods and treatments for natural gas compressor facilities. This project investigates the feasibility of applying Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) to the exhaust of a large, internal-combustion reciprocating type engine. Large reciprocating internal combustion engines pose significant challenges for the noise control engineer. In the case of the engines employed at Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company Compressor Station 229, these engines radiate extremely low frequency exhaust noise into the surrounding environs. These engines produce discrete frequencies in the exhaust spectra with a particularly strong component at 26.5 Hz, which corresponds to the fundamental firing frequency (the 5.0 rotational order) of the engine; significant attenuation of the raw exhaust noise can be particularly difficult due to the sound power and spectral content. Traditional methods would necessitate a very large silencer in order to realize improved attenuation of the exhaust noise, relative to the existing silencer. Measurements were conducted at the error microphone location, at 1.0 meter from the exhaust outlet and at the property line. At a distance of 1.0 meter the WNCT integrated active / passive silencer yielded 84.5 dBA (92.3 dBL) while the original equipment silencer yielded 92.7 dBA (98.8 dBL). Band-limited (DC - 200 Hz) measurements were taken at the error microphone location; control off (WNCT passive - only): 109.8 dBL overall, 107.7 dBL 26.5 Hz component. With control on (WNCT active + passive) at the same position overall noise was 99.7 dBL with the 26.5 Hz component reading 89.1 dBL. Far-field A-weighted reductions were inconclusive due to the presence of other contributing noise sources possessing similar noise characteristics. Flow resistance measurements indicated that back pressure had been reduced by 95% relative to the original equipment silencer through the use of the integrated WNCT active / passive silencer.
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Gordon, Eleanor, and Briony Jones. Building Success in Development and Peacebuilding by Caring for Carers: A Guide to Research, Policy and Practice to Ensure Effective, Inclusive and Responsive Interventions. University of Warwick Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-00-6.
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The experiences and marginalisation of international organisation employees with caring responsibilities has a direct negative impact on the type of security and justice being built in conflict-affected environments. This is in large part because international organisations fail to respond to the needs of those with caring responsibilities, which leads to their early departure from the field, and negatively affects their work while in post. In this toolkit we describe this problem, the exacerbating factors, and challenges to overcoming it. We offer a theory of change demonstrating how caring for carers can both improve the working conditions of employees of international organisations as well as the effectiveness, inclusivity and responsiveness of peace and justice interventions. This is important because it raises awareness among employers in the sector of the severity of the problem and its consequences. We also offer a guide for employers for how to take the caring responsibilities of their employees into account when developing human resource policies and practices, designing working conditions and planning interventions. Finally, we underscore the importance of conducting research on the gendered impacts of the marginalisation of employees with caring responsibilities, not least because of the breadth and depth of resultant individual, organisational and sectoral harms. In this regard, we also draw attention to the way in which gender stereotypes and gender biases not only inform and undermine peacebuilding efforts, but also permeate research in this field. Our toolkit is aimed at international organisation employees, employers and human resources personnel, as well as students and scholars of peacebuilding and international development. We see these communities of knowledge and action as overlapping, with insights to be brought to bear as well as challenges to be overcome in this area. The content of the toolkit is equally relevant across these knowledge communities as well as between different specialisms and disciplines. Peacebuilding and development draw in experts from economics, politics, anthropology, sociology and law, to name but a few. The authors of this toolkit have come together from gender studies, political science, and development studies to develop a theory of change informed by interdisciplinary insights. We hope, therefore, that this toolkit will be useful to an inclusive and interdisciplinary set of knowledge communities. Our core argument - that caring for carers benefits the individual, the sectors, and the intended beneficiaries of interventions - is relevant for students, researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike.
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Avis, William. Drivers, Barriers and Opportunities of E-waste Management in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.016.
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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices and consumer appetite for better products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste management in Africa. This report provides an overview of constitutes e-waste, the environmental and health impacts of e-waste, of the barriers to effective e-waste management, the opportunities associated with effective e-waste management and of the limited literature available that estimate future volumes of e-waste. Africa generated a total of 2.9 million Mt of e-waste, or 2.5 kg per capita, the lowest regional rate in the world. Africa’s e-waste is the product of Local and imported Sources of Used Electronic and Electrical Equipment (UEEE). Challenges in e-waste management in Africa are exacerbated by a lack of awareness, environmental legislation and limited financial resources. Proper disposal of e-waste requires training and investment in recycling and management technology as improper processing can have severe environmental and health effects. In Africa, thirteen countries have been identified as having a national e-waste legislation/policy.. The main barriers to effective e-waste management include: Insufficient legislative frameworks and government agencies’ lack of capacity to enforce regulations, Infrastructure, Operating standards and transparency, illegal imports, Security, Data gaps, Trust, Informality and Costs. Aspirations associated with energy transition and net zero are laudable, products associated with these goals can become major contributors to the e-waste challenge. The necessary wind turbines, solar panels, electric car batteries, and other "green" technologies require vast amounts of resources. Further to this, at the end of their lifetime, they can pose environmental hazards. An example of e-waste associated with energy transitions can be gleaned from the solar power sector. Different types of solar power cells need to undergo different treatments (mechanical, thermal, chemical) depending on type to recover the valuable metals contained. Similar issues apply to waste associated with other energy transition technologies. Although e-waste contains toxic and hazardous metals such as barium and mercury among others, it also contains non-ferrous metals such as copper, aluminium and precious metals such as gold and copper, which if recycled could have a value exceeding 55 billion euros. There thus exists an opportunity to convert existing e-waste challenges into an economic opportunity.
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Tapia, Carlos, Nora Sanchez Gassen, and Anna Lundgren. In all fairness: perceptions of climate policies and the green transition in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:5.1403-2503.
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The survey presented in this report reveals that Nordic citizens are concerned about climate change. Many people are willing to increase efforts to fight climate change, even if this entails a personal contribution in terms of higher taxes or behavioural change. The survey shows that different social groups perceive the impacts of climate change and climate mitigation policies in different ways. In general, attitudes towards climate policies and perceptions regarding their fairness are conditioned by socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, employment status, type of housing and transport behaviour. General attitudes towards climate change and climate policies The first part of this report explores general attitudes towards climate change and climate policies. This section shows that seven in ten (71%) respondents think that climate change is a serious or very serious problem, particularly among the youngest age group (18-29 years). Three in four (74%) interviewed persons in this group share this view. Those with a university degree are more concerned about climate change (83%) than those with primary or secondary education (57% and 62%, respectively). Approximately half (48-51%) of respondents in all age groups agree that more financial resources should be invested in preventing climate change, even if this would imply an increase in taxes. The survey results show that women in the Nordic Region are more concerned about climate change than men (79% compared to 64%). It also reveals that people living in urban areas are more worried about climate change (82%) than those who live in towns and suburbs (68%) or in rural areas (62%). Urban dwellers are also more positive about investing more resources in preventing climate change (59%) than those who live in rural areas (39%) and in towns and suburbs (46%). More than half of the respondents (52%) agree that taking further action on climate change would be beneficial for the economy. Students, unemployed and retired people are more likely to agree with this view (55%, 57% and 55%, respectively) than those currently in employment, including the self-employed (50%). Those employed in carbon-intensive sectors are less positive about the expected economic impact of climate policies than those who work in other economic sectors (41% compared to 55%). They are also more concerned about the risk of job losses during the transition to a low-carbon economy than those employed in sectors with lower carbon intensity (37% compared to 24%). Concerns about this issue are also higher among those who live in rural areas (31%) or towns and suburbs (30%) compared to those who live in cities (22%). Present and future effects of climate change mitigation policies on individuals and households The central part of the survey explores perceptions regarding the present and future impacts of climate policies. Such challenges are perceived differently depending on specific sociodemographic conditions. Nearly one fourth (23%) of respondents state that high energy costs mean they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature. Those living in houses report being more impacted (27%) than those living in apartments (18%), and those using fossil fuels to heat their homes are most affected (44%). The risk of energy poverty is also higher among non-EU immigrants to the Nordic Region. Those who say they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature range from 23% among Nordic-born citizens to 37% among non-EU immigrants. Nearly three in ten respondents (28%) have modified their transportation behaviour during the last year due to high fuel costs. This proportion is substantially greater among those living in towns and suburbs (32%) compared to those who live in rural areas (29%) or cities (23%). The majority of the Nordic population (52%) states that current climate policies have a neutral effect on their household economies. However, 28% of respondents say they are negatively impacted by climate policies in economic terms. Men report being negatively affected more frequently than women (33% vs 22%, respectively). People who live in houses are more likely to claim they are being negatively impacted than people who live in apartments (31% and 23%, respectively). Nearly half (45%) of the respondents in the Nordic Region agree that climate initiatives will improve health and well-being, and half of the respondents (50%) think that climate change initiatives will lead to more sustainable lifestyles in their area. However, half (51%) of the Nordic population expect to see increases in prices and the cost of living as a consequence of climate policies, and those who believe that climate policies will create jobs and improve working conditions in the areas where they live (31% and 24%, respectively) are outnumbered by those who believe the opposite (35% and 34%, respectively). Fairness of climate policies The last section of the report looks at how the Nordic people perceive the fairness of climate policies in distributional terms. In the survey, the respondents were asked to judge to what extent they agree or disagree that everyone in their country or territory is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of personal earnings, gender, age, country of origin and where they live – cities or rural areas. The results show that the Nordic people believe climate change initiatives affect citizens in different ways depending on their demographic, socioeconomic and territorial backgrounds. More than half of the respondents (56%) disagree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of earnings. Only 22% agree with this statement. Younger age groups are more pessimistic than older age groups on this point (66% in the 18-29 age group compared to 41% in the 65+ group). Almost half of respondents (48%) agree that climate policies are fair from a gender perspective, while 25% disagree with this statement and 23% are neutral. Roughly one in three (30%) respondents in the Nordic Region agree that people are equally affected by climate change initiatives regardless of age, 41% disagree with this statement and 25% are neutral. More than one third (35%) of the Nordic population agree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of the country of origin, while 34% of them disagree. More than half of respondents (56%) think that the impact of climate initiatives differs between rural and urban areas, while only 22% think that all areas are equally affected. Respondents who live in cities are more likely to respond that climate policy impacts differ between rural and urban areas (60%) than respondents who live in rural areas (55%) and towns and suburbs (53%). One third (33%) of respondents in the survey think that the Sámi population is affected by climate change initiatives to the same extent as the rest of the population. In Greenland, a majority of the population (62%) agrees that the indigenous population in Greenland is equally affected by measures to combat climate change. The results from this survey conducted in the autumn of 2022, show that the population in the Nordic Region perceive the impacts of climate mitigation policies in different ways. These results can raise awareness and stimulate debate about the implementation of climate mitigation policies for a just green transition.
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Education can restore awareness of low blood glucose in people with type 1 diabetes. National Institute for Health Research, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000136.
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Gender mainstreaming in local potato seed system in Georgia. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/9789290605645.
Full textAbstract:
This report presents the study findings associated with the project “Enhancing Rural Livelihoods in Georgia: Introducing Integrated Seed Health Approaches to Local Potato Seed Systems” in Georgia. It also incorporates information from the results of gender training conducted within the framework of the USAID Potato Program in Georgia. The study had three major aims: 1) to understand the gender-related opportunities and constraints impacting the participation of men and women in potato seed systems in Georgia; 2) to test the multistakeholder framework for intervening in root, tuber, and banana (RTB) seed systems as a means to understand the systems themselves and the possibilities of improving gender-related interventions in the potato seed system; and 3) to develop farmers’ leadership skills to facilitate women’s active involvement in project activities. Results of the project assessment identified certain constraints on gender mainstreaming in the potato seed system: a low level of female participation in decision-making processes, women’s limited access to finances that would enable their greater involvement in larger scale potato farming, and a low awareness of potato seed systems and of possible female involvement in associated activities. Significantly, the perception of gender roles and stereotypes differs from region to region in Georgia; this difference is quite pronounced in the target municipalities of Kazbegi, Marneuli, and Akhalkalaki, with the last two having populations of ethnic minorities (Azeri and Armenian, respectively). For example, in Marneuli, although women are actively involved in potato production, they are not considered farmers but mainly as assistants to farmers, who are men. This type of diversity (or lack thereof) results in a different understanding of gender mainstreaming in the potato seed system as well. Based on the training results obtained in three target regions—Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, and Marneuli—it is evident that women are keen on learning new technologies and on acquiring updated agricultural information, including on potato production. It is also clear that women spend as much time as men do on farming activities such as potato production, particularly in weeding and harvesting. However, women are heavily burdened with domestic work, and they are not major decision-makers with regard to potato variety selection, agricultural investments, and product sales, nor with the inclusion of participants in any training provided. Involving women in project activities will lead to greater efficiency in the potato production environment, as women’s increased knowledge will certainly contribute to an improved production process, and their new ideas will help to improve existing production systems, through which women could also gain confidence and power. As a general recommendation, it is extremely important to develop equitable seed systems that take into consideration, among other factors, social context and the cultural aspects of local communities. Thus, understanding male and female farmers’ knowledge may promote the development of seed systems that are sustainable and responsive to farmers’ needs and capacities.