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1
Fung, Erik, John A. Todd, and Linda S. Wicker. "Monocyte Immunophenotypes in Type 1Diabetes." Clinical Immunology 123 (2007): S19—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2007.03.224.
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Manjuladevi K, Rajashanmugam B, Sukhdev R, Subhash Krishnan R, and Rahini P. "A Review on the role of BCG Vaccine in type-1diabetes." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 1103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.389.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is outlined by mistreatment of continual hyperglycemia and proteins, weakened sugars, and lipids digestion as a result of overall or incomplete inadequacy of hypoglycemic agent discharge or doubtlessly hypoglycemic agent hobby. Two types of Diabetes mellitus less common "INSULIN DEPENDENT" and most common "NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT". Vaccines constitute a useful contribution to the branch of biotechnology as they supply protection in opposition to numerous sicknesses. All organisms are liable to one or greater styles of infectious and noninfectious sicknesses throughout their lifestyles. To save you those infection researchers discovered plant-primarily based vaccine which is an immune-biological substance, used for particular protection in opposition to each infectious and noninfectious illnesses. Use of vaccines for the diabetic patient will reduce the inflectional disease caused by diabetes, but it not prevents diabetes. Because the polygenic disease is of unconventional immune mechanisms, and vaccines act with the help of making a defence to numerous pathogens and some vaccines (in specific BCG) had been studied to seem if they supply safety in opposing to polygenic disease. In animal experiments, BCG will appear to be protecting con to polygenic disorder, but researchers have not been able to translate this profit to humans. The establishment of an Institution was initiated by the Australian Government Department of the diabetes institution.
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Pugh, Jacqueline A. "Intensive insulin therapy reduced microvascular and neurologic outcomes in type 1diabetes mellitus." ACP Journal Club 120, no. 2 (March 1, 1994): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/acpjc-1994-120-2-030.
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Hayashi, Ayako, Nagako Murase, Saya Yamamoto, Kana Hirano, Reona Tsuchida, Yoko Kuriyama, and Yoshinobu Masuda. "P2-2-03. Severity classification of diabetic polyneuropathy in type 1diabetes mellitus." Clinical Neurophysiology 129, no. 5 (May 2018): e38-e39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.02.101.
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Kent, George. "Good Questions 3." World Nutrition 9, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.2018911-3.
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Scientific publications can be misinterpreted in newsletters and the popular press. Some
misinterpretations could lead to inappropriate choices related to health, and thus create serious
risks. Who should correct misinterpretations? This editorial raises the question with an example
related to infant feeding practices and the risk of type 1diabetes. A major study found no
difference in diabetes risk with using two different types of infant formula. Many people
mistakenly interpreted that study as meaning that all infant formula has no impact on diabetes
risk. That is not what the study showed
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Alzahrani, Ali K., Humaid Al-Swat, and Nihad A. Al Nashar. "Evaluation of the Role of CXCL8 and NOx in Pediatric Type 1Diabetes Mellitus." Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, no. 52 (July 2013): 630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0000600.
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Ahmad Khan, Sarfraz, Faiza Kamal, Rozina Arshad, Bilal Bin Younis, and Rashid Ahmed. "Response of People with Type 1 Diabetes for Follow Up." Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College - JSHMDC 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.38.
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Diabetes is becoming a global epidemic. Type1 diabetes (T1DM) accounts for 3-5% of all the diabetics. As T1DMis diagnosed in childhood and adolescence, it is associated with more complications because of longer life span ofindividuals with this condition. The main objective of the study was to find out attitudes of people with type 1diabetes especially with regards to their follow up. A cross-sectional study was planned and a total of 97 people withtype 1 diabetes were included for a period of one year. To analyze the data SPSS 20.0 version was used. Resultsshowed that out of 97 people, 48 (49.5%) were male and 49 (50.5%) were female. The mean age of total type 1diabetics were 17.03±6.54 years. Mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 10.59±3.09. The results revealed that45% of people showed positive attitude and 55% showed negative behavior towards follow-up. It was concludedthat overall follow up of people with type 1 diabetes was poor. It was observed that they wanted a complete cure andthis contribute to missed follow up.
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Kovacs, Denisa, Luiza Demian, and Aurel Babeş. "Prevalence and risk of appearence of skin lesions considered to be cutaneous markers of diabetes in a population group in bihor county." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 19, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10255-012-0034-0.
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Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to calculate the prevalence rates and risk ofappearance of cutaneous lesions in diabetic patients with both type-1 and type-2diabetes. Material and Method: 384 patients were analysed, of which 47 had type-1diabetes (T1DM), 140 had type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and 197 were non-diabeticcontrols. Results: The prevalence of the skin lesions considered markers of diabeteswas 57.75% in diabetics, in comparison to 8.12% in non-diabetics (p<0.01). The riskof skin lesion appearance is over 7 times higher in diabetic patients than in nondiabetics.In type-1 diabetes the prevalence of skin lesions was significantly higherthan in type-2 diabetes, and the risk of skin lesion appearance is almost 1.5 timeshigher in type-1 diabetes than type-2 diabetes compared to non-diabetic controls.Conclusions: The diabetic patients are more susceptible than non-diabetics todevelop specific skin diseases. Patients with type-1 diabetes are more affected.
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Ahola, A. J., M. Saraheimo, C. Forsblom, K. Hietala, H. Sintonen, and P. H. Groop. "Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1diabetes--association with diabetic complications (the FinnDiane Study)." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 25, no. 6 (December 27, 2009): 1903–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfp709.
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Timar, Bogdan, Viorel Șerban, Alina Lăcătușu, Laura Barna, Florentina Fiera, and Adrian Vlad. "The relationship between quality of self-monitoring and glycemic control in romanian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 19, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10255-012-0029-x.
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Abstract Objectives: Optimal glycemic control is mandatory in diabetic children andadolescents for the prevention of diabetes complications, but it is difficult to beobtained due to a series of factors, including the limited availability of blood glucoseself-monitoring tests. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationshipbetween the number of daily self-monitoring tests and quality of glycemic control.Material and method: We enrolled 783 individuals previously diagnosed with Type 1Diabetes Mellitus and investigated the significance of differences in HbA1c valuesbetween groups with distinct number of blood glucose measurements at home foreach age group. Results: We found significant improvements of glycemic controlwith the increase in the number of daily tests, with some particularities among thegroups. Conclusions: Among other intrinsic and external factors, blood glucose selfmonitoringhas an important role in obtaining a good glycemic control.
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Klein, Kathleen, Michelle Wheeler, and Catherine F. Yonkaitis. "College-Bound: Transition Planning Strategies for Students With Type 1 Diabetes." NASN School Nurse 34, no. 1 (September 18, 2018): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942602x18794891.
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Transition planning is mandated for students who receive special education services; however, it is not required for students with chronic conditions. Students with chronic conditions nearing graduation would benefit from more intensive attention to their post–high school self-care needs and responsibilities. Students with type 1 diabetes must be able to understand the necessary self-care of one of the most complicated and intensive chronic conditions yet there are no evidence-based strategies for how to help students transition from the support provided at school to independence at graduation. The need for a student with type 1diabetes to independently manage their diabetes is even greater as the student leaves home for college. School nurses, who are also certified diabetes educators, created a support group for seniors with type 1 diabetes. The group focused on life after high school and provided the students with a detailed checklist to help improve knowledge and prepare students for the transition to college. Participants felt better prepared to move on to college armed with their checklist and other resources to help when away from home.
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Kumari, Mamta, Parmanand Pandey, and Anupam Kr Sachan. "Stem Cells a better way for Treatment: Diabetes." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i1.911.
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Insulin-producing cells derived from the stem cell embryonic stem cell and pluripotent stem cell have been long duration to encourage, but evasive treatment far from clinical interpret into type1 diabetes therapy. Although stem cell therapies provide a great opportune time there is also conceivable risk such as teratoma formation to relate with the treatment. Mesenchyme stem stromal cells have due to their modulator effects on immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair been suggested to be used to either halt beta-cell loss during T1D development or be used to protect and support pancreatic islets when transplanted. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge of stem cell therapy outcomes in animal models of type-1diabetes and a proposed road map towards the clinical setting with a special focus on the potential risks and hurdles which need to be considered. From a clinical point of view, transplantation of insulin-producing cells derived from stem cells must be performed without immune suppression to be an attractive treatment option.
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Ajayi, Ebenezer Idowu O., Gbemisola Popoola, and Edward Ojediran. "WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF NAUCLEA LATIFOLIA AND MANIHOT ESCULENTA LEAF EXTRACTS IN TYPE 1DIABETIC RATS." African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 13, no. 1 (December 3, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v13i1.1.
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Background: This study was designed to ascertain this claim and to investigate the possible mechanism of action in relation to their phytochemical
contents, using crude extracts of N. latifolia and M. esculenta leaves on topical wound in a rat model of Type 1 diabetes.
Methods and Materials: The leaves were air-dried under shade and subjected to cold extraction in 95% ethanol. Normoglycaemic male Wistar rats
were subjected to 2-month high-energy diet/ fat emulsion manipulation and injected with alloxan (150 mg/kg BW/day, i. p.). Fasting plasma glucose
was determined after 7 days and rats with values exceeding 200 mg/dl were selected. 16 diabetic rats (120 – 180 g) were randomly assigned to four
groups of four animals each. Wound was inflicted on the back of each rat by excision method. The crude extracts were topically applied over a period
of 21 days. The scar tissues were removed at 7 days interval for collagen quantification and wound margin reduction was also monitored using
tracing paper.
Results: The crude extracts showed efficient wound healing activity as revealed by increased collagen content (scar tissues versus fresh wound
tissues ab initio). Percentage wound closure also progressed significantly (p< 0.05) upon topical application of the extracts.
Conclusion: The crude extract of N. latifolia leaves has proven to be more potent than that of M. esculenta in wound healing in Type I diabetic rats.
It stimulated wound contraction and collagen formation, making it a promising natural product for further screening in search of new chemical
entities that can be useful in diabetic wound management.
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Esraa Abu El Qassem Mahmoud, Ayman S Mohamed, Sohair R Fahmy, Amel Mahmoud Soliman, and Khadiga Gaafar. "Silver/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposites ameliorate diabetic nephropathy in the model of type 1 diabetes." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 091–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.3.0263.
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Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate anti-diabetic properties of AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposites (Ag-NCs) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Main methods: Eighteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into three main groups (6 rats/group); control, diabetic and Ag-NCs groups. Control group: after a single dose of citrate buffer (0.1 mol/l, i.p), the rats orally received 1 ml distilled water daily for four weeks. The diabetic model was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p) for type 1diabetes. Diabetic groups were treated orally with and Ag-NCs (0.25mg/Kg body weight) daily for four weeks. Key findings: AgNPs/chitosan/ascorbic acid nanocomposite group showed a reduction in the concentrations of glucose, NO, MDA, creatinine, urea and uric acid. At the same time, it appeared a general increase in insulin, CAT, and SOD activities and GSH concentration. The histopathological investigation illustrated a clear improvement in renal architecture. Significance: The suggested mechanism of action for Ag-NCs in decreasing diabetic nephropathy includes two pathways; the hypoglycemic activity and the antioxidant role of Ag-NCs
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Reddy, K. Sankar, E. Pragnanjali, M. Dorsanamma, and M. V. Nagabushana. "A study of prevalence of thyroid disorders in type 2 diabetic patients in tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 5, no. 6 (November 22, 2018): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20184240.
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Background: Insulin and thyroid being intimately involved in cellular metabolism, excess or deficit of one of these hormones leads to abnormality of the other. Association between type 1diabetes and hypothyroidism may be autoimmune. Association of poorly controlled diabetes and thyroid results in a low T3 state and loss of TSH response to TRH. The objective of the present endeavor is to study the thyroid functions in diabetics and to know the spectrum of thyroid dysfunction in DM.Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study of 100 diabetic patients admitted in medical wards in a duration of 6 months from November 2017 to May 2018 of both sexes in between age group of 30-80years. All these patients underwent thyroid profile tests. Detailed history and examination done on these patients.Results: Out of total 100 patients included in the study, thyroid disorder was present in 29%. Hypothyroidism in 1 patient, sub clinical hypothyroidism in 15 patients, hyperthyroidism was present in 13 patients. Females (36%) had high incidence than males (22%). Elderly people had higher incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism (18.2%), clinical features of hyperthyroidism present in 8 patients, Poor hypoglycemic control seen in hyperthyroid individuals (55.5%). Duration of diabetes had no relation with incidence of thyroid disorders.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid disorders in diabetic patients was 29%. Elderly population had more incidence. Subclinical hypothyroidism more common than other conditions. It was more common in females than in males. There is no relation in between duration of diabetes and thyroid disorder. Severe complications were noted in patients with sub clinical hypothyroidism.
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Raad Ghareeb, Safa, Jalil Ibrahim Alezzi, and Aseel Jasim Mohammed. "Environmental Factors Associated With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus." Diyala Journal of Medicine 20, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26505/djm.20015580910.
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Background: Type 1diabetes (T1D) is immune-mediated disease that presented as a consequence of the gradual destruction of the insulin- producing beta cells, which in results total beta-cell loss and complete dependence on exogenous insulin. Objective: To explore the potential environmental risk factors associated with the development of T1D among children. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the pediatric department of Albatool teaching hospital in Diyala province, Iraq. A hundred children diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type1 (cases) and hundred children (controls) without diabetes during the period between February 2020 to May 2020. Data collection was done through interviewing parents’ or the caregivers of children directly using a questionnaire that was used before for study T1D. the target population was the children attending the outpatient clinic of the endocrine pediatric department of Albatool teaching hospital. A total of 200 children were included in the study. Computer software SPSS (Version 25) and Microsoft Excel (2016) were used to carry out the statistical analysis of data. Results: The results show Children who had insufficient family income had the highest risk for developing T1D (p<0.001), and children born to low educated parents, especially illiterate parents, had a risk to develop T1D (p< 0.001), followed by children whose parent had a history of consanguinity had a high risk for developing T1D (p=0.004). Children born to older mothers had a higher risk for developing T1D (p=0.04). Children with cesarean section delivery had more risk to develop T1D (p <0.000), followed by children a history of early onset of weaning had more risk to develop T1D (p= 0.001). Children had a history of bottle feeding had more risk to develop T1D (p= 0.004). Conclusion: The following factors were associated with significant risk for developing type 1 DM in children: Insufficient family income, low educated parents especially illiterate parents, history of consanguinity. Maternal factors, including older mothers, mothers with a previous history of abortion and infection, and a history of abnormal weight gain. Child factors include, including a history of hospital delivery, a low birth weight, an early onset of weaning, and bottle-feeding. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; children; Diyala
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Kumar, Dharmendar, Rajesh Datt Mehta, Bhikham Chand Ghiya, Prasoon Soni, Alpana Mohta, and Rajendra Prasad Agrawal. "An epidemiological study of cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus at Tertiary Care Centre of North West Rajasthan (India)." Our Dermatology Online 13, e (October 20, 2022): e51-e51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.2022e.51.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels and disturbances in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder, affecting 8.3% of the population. Objectives: To study the prevalence of various dermatoses in the diabetic population. Materials and methods: This was an Hospital based cross sectional study. All the patients of Diabetes mellitus with cutaneous manifestations of both sexes and all ages, irrespective of their presenting symptoms, attending our dermatology outpatient department over one year period were included in this study. A detailed clinical history regarding onset and duration was taken and any associated symptoms were asked. After obtaining consent, a thorough systemic and dermatological examination was conducted and all details were entered in a structured proforma. Results: The common skin disorders observed were: fungal infections (29.5%), acrochordons (11.25%), bacterial infections (10.5%), diabetic pruritus (8.25%), icthyosis (5.5%), and acanthosis nigricans (5%). Higher prevalence was noted in type 2 diabetes mellitus then type 1diabetes mellitus. There was a significant correlation between cutaneous manifestations and duration of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Cutaneous involment in diabetes mellitus is quite prevalant which affect the quality of life of patients. It is found more frequently among type 2 diabetes mallitus and increasing duration of diabetes mellitus increases the possibility of cutaneus involment.Thus, in early-stage disorders such as callus and xerosis, detection and management appeared to be important in reducing complication related to diabetes mellitus.
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Prasetyo, Sri R. "The Role of GAD65 Autoantibodies in the development of Type-1 Diabetes." Majalah Kedokteran UKI 36, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i3.3363.
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AbstractThe finding of the autoantibodies to islet cells (ICAs) in type-1 diabetes patients is important for developing the fine tuning of individualized therapy. Antibody to Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD65Ab) is the most reliable sign, since it has the most stable sensitivity as diagnostic tool for detecting type-1diabetes. As a key enzyme in gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, GAD65 damage caused by GAD65 antibodies (GAD65Abs) would lead to decrease in the amount of GABA vesicles released by b-cells. Decrease of GAD65 induced by GAD65Ab may endanger the paracrine or autocrine function of GABA, that mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAAR) would depolarized the b-cells. The depolarization then increases intracellular Calsium (Ca2+) concentration that is needed for insulin release. The effect of GABA on b-cells is also important for proliferation and anti-apoptosis of b-cells. Moreover, decrease in GABA release also impairs the inhibiting effect of GABA on T-cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokines release that may end up with escalation of GAD65 damage.Keywords: Type-1 diabetes, autoantibody, GAD65Peran Autoantibodi GAD65 dalam Perkembangan Diabetes Tipe-1AbstractPenemuan autoantibodi terhadap sel pulau atau islet cells (ICA) pada pasien diabetes tipe-1 penting untuk mengembangkan penyesuaian terapi individual. Antibodi terhadap Glutamat dekarboksilase 2 (GAD65Ab) adalah tanda yang paling dapat diandalkan, karena memiliki sensitivitas yang paling stabil sebagai alat diagnostik untuk mendeteksi diabetes tipe-1. Sebagai enzim kunci dalam sintesis asam gamma-aminobutirat (GABA), kerusakan GAD65 yang disebabkan oleh antibodi GAD65 (GAD65Abs) akan menyebabkan penurunan jumlah vesikel GABA yang dilepaskan oleh sel. Penurunan GAD65 yang diinduksi oleh GAD65Ab dapat membahayakan fungsi parakrin atau autokrin GABA, yang dimediasi oleh reseptor asam γ-aminobutirat tipe A (GABAAR) akan mendepolarisasi sel. Depolarisasi kemudian meningkatkan konsentrasi kalsium (Ca2+) intraseluler yang diperlukan untuk pelepasan insulin. Efek GABA pada sel beta juga penting untuk proliferasi dan anti-apoptosis sel beta. Selain itu, penurunan pelepasan GABA juga merusak efek penghambatan GABA pada proliferasi sel T dan pelepasan sitokin inflamasi yang mungkin berakhir dengan peningkatan kerusakan GAD65.Kata kunci: Diabetes tipe-1, autoantibodi, GAD65
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Marra, Lays, Augusto Guerra, Vânia Araújo, Gerusa Oliveira, Leonardo Diniz, Francisco Acurcio, Brian Godman, and Juliana Alvares. "PP114 Clinical Effectiveness Of Insulin Glargine; Findings And Implications." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318002520.
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Introduction:There is continuing controversy surrounding the funding of insulin glargine versus neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in Brazil, due to substantial differences in their prices, and recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and independent observational studies that show no difference in effectiveness; however, sponsored observational studies show greater effectiveness of insulin glargine. Overall, the cost-effectiveness of insulin glargine in Brazil is controversial. In view of the continuing controversy, there is a need to address this using patient level data within the public health system in Brazil.Methods:We conducted a retrospective historical cohort study of type 1diabetes patients receiving insulin glargine from January 2011 to January 2015, including patients in the public health system in Minas Gerais. Variables included (i) demographic variables, (ii) clinical variables e.g. time with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, (iii) treatment characteristics, and (iv) laboratory results of HbA1c. Individuals were compared with themselves in an analysis of HbA1c values before and after six months of using insulin glargine, with each patient acting as their own control.Results:Five hundred and eighty patients were included in the study. HbA1c varied from 8.80±1.98 percent in NPH insulin users to 8.54±1.88 percent after insulin glargine for six months, which is not clinically significant. The frequency of glycemic control varied from 22.6 percent with NPH insulin to 26.2 percent with insulin glargine. No statistically significant difference was observed between groups for all analyzed factors, including type and frequency of insulin use and carbohydrate counting.Conclusions:There were limited differences between NPH insulins and insulin analogues in this real world study. As a result, the continued appreciable cost difference in between insulin glargine and NPH insulin in Brazil cannot be justified.
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Lodhi, MD Mansoor Ali Khan. "Glycemic control with four way model approach in rural area patients." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191298.
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Background: It is very important to keep the Glucose levels under control continuously and without any holidays. Type 2 diabetes is increasingly common in the industrialized world. Tight glycemic control attempts to rigidly glucose control levels (A1c: 6.5% -7.0% or lower). Maintaining tight glycemic control is lifesaving. Proper counselling, proper nutrition and if regular exercise is done it can result is good glycemic control.Methods: In the present study a total of 350 diabetic patients were selected out of which only 208 participants were eligible for study. Inclusion criteria in the study were 1) Age: men and women between age group 30 years to 70 years and 2) Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with HbA1c between 8 to 10%. Exclusion criteria in the study were 1) Type 1diabetes mellitus, Pre-existing renal, hepatic or cardiac disease, Hba1c >10%. A quadriad was established between patients, personal health worker, dietician and doctor.Results: Participants had regularly followed up and were divided randomly into cases (n = 112) and controls (n = 96). Patient were followed up as per study design it was observed that at the end of 3 months period mean FBS (case group 168.2±26.4 control group 200.8±38.3 p value <0.001) , Mean PPBS (case group 204.8±53.0 control group 271.0±45.5 p value <0.001) and Mean Hba1c (case group 8.7±0.5 control group 8.9±0.6 p value .003) in cases was significantly lower than control group.at the end 6 months it was observed that the mean cholesterol, mean triglyceride, mean LDL and mean VLDL was significantly lower in the cases compared to controls.Conclusions: A systematic approach and close monitoring that increased the adherence to medication, diet, and counselling would help in better glycemic control and prevent long term complication.
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Ispriantari,, Aloysia, and Dian Pitaloka Priasmoro. "PENERIMAAN DIRI PADA REMAJA DENGAN DIABETES TIPE 1 DI KOTA MALANG." Dunia Keperawatan 5, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/dk.v5i2.4116.
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ABSTRAKDiabetes tipe 1 merupakan penyakit kronis yang paling banyak diderita oleh anak dan remaja di dunia. Remaja dengan diabetes tipe 1 membutuhkan manajemen diabetes yang lebih kompleks dibandingkan dengan anak-anak maupun dewasa. Penerimaan diri akan kondisinya pada remaja dengan diabetes tipe 1 sangat dibutuhkan agar kualitas hidup remaja tetap optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan penerimaan diri pada remaja dengan diabetes tipe 1. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah semua remaja berusia 10-19 tahun yang tergabung dalam IKADAR (Ikatan Diabetesi Anak dan Remaja) Kota Malang yang berjumlah 24 anak. Variabel yang diteliti adalah penerimaan diri yang diukur dengan menggunakan kuisioner Berger’s Self Scale Acceptance yang kemudian dianalisis univariat dan disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah mean skor penerimaan diri remaja dengan diabetes tipe 1 sebesar 44,25 yang artinya memiliki penerimaan diri yang baik. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh kematangan emosional, dukungan sosial yang baik dan lama menderita diabetes.Kata Kunci: Diabetes tipe 1, Remaja, Penerimaan DiriABSTRACTType 1diabetes is the most common chronic disease of children and adolescents in the world. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes require more complex diabetes management than children and adults. Acceptance of their condition is needed for optimum the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to describe self-acceptance in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.The method on this study was descriptive. The samples were all adolescents aged 10-19 years who joined IKADAR (Ikatan Diabetesi Anak dan Remaja) in Malang City, which were 24 children. The variable of this study was self-acceptance measured by Berger's Self Scale Acceptance questionnaire and then analyzed and presented in the form of frequency distribution and percentage. The results were mean score was 44.25 so it can be condludes that adolescents with type 1 diabetes has a good self-acceptance. It was influenced by emotional maturity, good social support and long suffering from diabetes.Keywords: Adolescents, Diabetes Type 1, Self-Acceptance
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Niknam, Zahra, Mahrokh Samadi, Ataollah Ghalibafsabbaghi, and leila Chodari. "IGF-I combined with exercise improve diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction in heart of male Wistar rats." Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research 14, no. 1 (December 16, 2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jcvtr.2021.54.
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Introduction: This research investigates the impact of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF -I)and exercise on mediators associated with angiogenesis (VEGF-A, TSP-1, and NF-кβ) and capillarization status of the diabetic rats’ hearts. Methods: Splitting of forty Wistar male rats into five groups occurred as following: control,diabetes, diabetes+IGF-I, diabetes+exercise, and diabetes+exercise+IGF-I.Through intraperitoneal administration of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, the condition of Type 1diabetes was escalated. After four weeks of treatment with IGF-I (2 mg/kg/day) or treadmill exercise (17 m/min, zero degrees slope, 30 min/day), in the heart, microvascular density and protein levels of VEGF-A, TSP-1, and NF-кβ were determined by H & E staining and ELISA,respectively. Results: Within the diabetic group, observations present a significant decrease in VEGF-A and MVD levels, whereas an increase in the TSP-1 and NF-Κb levels. While these impacts were reversed by either IGF-I or exercise treatments, simultaneous treatment had synergistic effects. Moreover, among diabetic rats, undesirable histologic alterations of the heart were demonstrated, including myonecrosis, interstitial edema, hemorrhage, and mononuclear immune cell infiltration, whereas treatments improved these changes. Conclusion: These data manifest that IGF-I and exercise can increase the cardiac angiogenesis of diabetic rats through increasing expression of VEGF-A, and decreasing TSP-1 and NF-кβproteins level, also can improve myocardial tissue damages.
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Agustini, Nur, Allenidekania Allenidekania, and Meriam Efendi. "Persepsi Anak dan Orang Tua tentang Kualitas Hidup Anak Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 1." Jurnal Ners 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v11i1.1210.
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Introduction: Type-1Diabetes mellitus (T1D) management is important to increase the quality of life in diabetic children. This research aimed to explore and to compare the parents and children perspective in the quality of life related to T1D.Methods: Cross sectional method was used to 35 dyad children (8-18 years old) and their parents. Children have been registered in top referral hospital in Indonesia. They filled the PedsQL® Module Diabetes 3.2 by self-report. Data were analyzed by t-test. The characteristic of respondents consist of the children and parents age, length of being diagnoses with T1D and the number of visit in the last 6 months. Quality of life dimensions were measured in the last month since data collected. It consists of sign and symptom, disease and therapy, T1D management concern related to complication and communication.Results: showed that the children mean age was 13.11 + 2.85 years old compared to parents (41.03 + 8.34 years old). The average length of being diagnoses with T1D was 4.54 +2.87 years and the average number of visit in the last 6 months was 5.8 + 1.79. Total score of quality of life from parents and children perspective were 64.41% + 10.97 and 63.09% + 13.25. Moreover, t-test analysis found that there was significant difference in parent perspective compared to the children perspective regarding quality of life related to T1D.Conclusion: children have relatively lower perception in evaluating their quality of life in T1D compared to the parents. Therefore, it is necessary for nurses to explore the influencing factors as well as coping mechanism related to T1D management so that nurses can develop individual nursing plan to increase the T1D children's quality of life.
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Agustini, Nur, Allenidekania Allenidekania, and Meriam Efendi. "PERSEPSI ANAK DAN ORANG TUA TENTANG KUALITAS HIDUP ANAK PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 1." Jurnal NERS 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v11i12016.51-55.
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Type-1Diabetes mellitus (T1D) management is important to increase the quality of life in diabetic children. This research aimed to explore and to compare the parents and children perspective in the quality of life related to T1D. Cross sectional method was used to 35 dyad children (8-18 years old) and their parents. Children have been registered in top referral hospital in Indonesia. They filled the PedsQL® Module Diabetes 3.2 by self-report. Data were analyzed by t-test. The characteristic of respondents consist of the children and parents age, length of being diagnoses with T1D and the number of visit in the last 6 months. Quality of life dimensions were measured in the last month since data collected. It consists of sign and symptom, disease and therapy, T1D management concern related to complication and communication. The result showed that the children mean age was 13.11 + 2.85 years old compared to parents (41.03 + 8.34 years old). The average length of being diagnoses with T1D was 4.54 +2.87 years and the average number of visit in the last 6 months was 5.8 + 1.79. Total score of quality of life from parents and children perspective were 64.41% + 10.97 and 63.09% + 13.25. Moreover, t-test analysis found that there was significant difference in parent perspective compared to the children perspective regarding quality of life related to T1D. In conclusion, children have relatively lower perception in evaluating their quality of life in T1D compared to the parents. Therefore, it is necessary for nurses to explore the influencing factors as well as coping mechanism related to T1D management so that nurses can develop individual nursing plan to increase the T1D children's quality of life.
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Viktor MD, Praznikov. "Effective Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Autoimmune Diseases by Resonance Medicine." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention 9, no. 08 (August 3, 2022): 6203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v9i08.01.
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Diseases - diabetes mellitus (especially type 1) and autoimmune diseases are incurable diseases. In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the tail of the pancreas die. It is in the beta cells of the tail of the pancreas that insulin is located, a hormone that maintains normal blood sugar levels in patients with type 1diabetes. Until now, no methods have been known to restore dead pancreatic beta cells. Methods for restoring the lymphoid system in patients with autoimmune diseases were not known. With these diseases, the normal properties of the lymphoid system are lost. This review aims to present materials on the effective treatment (cure) of these diseases. For the treatment, the resonance therapy method was used, which has been known for at least 25 years and which has been modified in our work since 2016. The essence of our modification was that the author began to use 1. not only low (previously known), but also high potencies of resonant drugs. 2. We have created a direction in resonance therapy, which is called "resonance of creation." So far, only the direction known as “resonance of destruction” is known, with the help of which oncological tissues, infectious processes, cysts, stones, etc. are treated - destroyed. With the help of the resonance of creation, various biological structures that have undergone degeneration and death are restored - the myelin sheath of the nerves in multiple sclerosis, nerve cells in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, etc. With the help of the resonance of creation, the beta cells of the tail of the pancreas are restored in type 1 diabetes, and restoration of the lymphoid system in autoimmune diseases. So, in patients with autoimmune diseases, organ preparations were tested: “lymph nodes”, “lymphocytes”. It turned out that in all patients with various autoimmune diseases, lymph nodes, lymphocytes were tested as being in a degenerative state. There was not a single patient whose lymph nodes and lymphocytes were tested as normal. The task was to normalize the functional state of the lymph nodes and lymphocytes in our patients and thereby take an important step towards curing their autoimmune disease. To this end, it was necessary to increase the potency of the lymph nodes and lymphocytes in the same way as we did it in relation to the beta cells of the pancreas in patients with diabetes mellitus, in relation to the substantia nigra of the midbrain in patients with Parkinson's disease and in relation to the myelin sheath. nerves in multiple sclerosis. After testing organ preparations: "lymph nodes", "lymphocytes" in patients with autoimmune diseases, the potency was selected, which led to the fact that lymph nodes and lymphocytes were no longer tested as degenerated formations. It was this potency of lymph nodes and lymphocytes that was the basis for the treatment of patients. Thus, as a result of the treatment of diabetes mellitus (especially type 1) and autoimmune diseases by resonance therapy, these diseases become curable.
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Cantú-Rodríguez, Olga Graciela, Fernando Lavalle-Gonzalez, Miguel Angel Herrera-Rojas, Cesar H. Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Consuelo Mancías-Guerra, Jose Carlos Jaime-Pérez, Oscar Gonzalez-Llano, Alfonso Zapata-Garrido, Jesus Zacarias Villarreal-Perez, and David Gomez-Almaguer. "Autologus Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Nonmyeloablative and Outpatient Setting." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1191.1191.
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Abstract Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disease characterized by the attack of pancreatic islet B cells by anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies.1 In the search for a solution, Voltarelli et al. performed peripheral blood autologous stem cells transplant (PBASCT) in patients with newly diagnosed T1DM with encouraging results.2,3 These results have been replicated.4,5 Intensive conditioning using 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide plus antithymocyte globulin employed are not without serious risk and several complications have occurred including one death, extended hospital management and higher costs.3,6 Therefore, we decided to carry out an PBASCT, using a less costly and outpatient- simplify method.7,8 Patients and Methods This phase 3, single-arm study was performed at Hospital Universitario in Monterrey, México. Between January 2010 and July 2013, we included patients within first 3 months of type 1 diabetes diagnoses, 8 to 25 years old, with positive antibodies anti GAD, C peptide levels > 1.0 ng/mL, with or without previous ketoacidotic crisis. Ethics committee approved and written informed consent was obtained (www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01121029). The objectives were to determine baseline and 3-month serum levels of C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), anti-GAD, quantify the insulin levels needed during the follow-up period, the morbidity associated with the procedure and the need for inhospital management. PBASCT was performed at the outpatient setting. Stem cells were mobilized using CFM 1.5 g/m2 I.V./day, 2 consecutive days, GCS-F , 10 µg/kg/day 6 days. In All patients we collected at least 2.0 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg. The conditioning consisted in CFM 500 mg/m2/day IV + fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day PO for 4 days. Cells were infused 24 hours after the last dose of chemotherapy. Ciprofloxacin (500 mg/bid), fluconazole (100 mg/qd), and acyclovir (400 mg/bid) were prescribed to all patients until the graft was reached. After the 3 months of follow-up, patients were categorized in 3 groups: Complete responders (CR) defined as total independence of insulin , non-responders (NR) those achieving <10% reduction in insulin requirements and partial responders (PR) those achieving a reduction of 11 to 90% of insulin. Results Fifteen patients were included, 6 women and 9 men. Mean time from diagnosis was 80.06 days (SD ± 44.81). The mean AUC of the C-peptide level was 283.28 (SD 213.58). Baseline measurements of anti-GAD and HbA1c showed means of 10.42 U/mL (SD ± 13.26) and 7.94% (SD ± 1.93%), respectively. A mean of 12.12 x 106 CD34+ (SD ± 8.2) was obtained. A statistically significant difference was found in the number of CD34+ cells collected between both sexes. In males a mean of 15.84x106/kg was obtained versus 6.54x106/kg in the female subgroup (p = 0.026). The myeloid engraftment was noticed in a median of 14 days (range 11-20 days) and the lower platelet count was 63x106/ml. Grade I-II adverse events occurs in 40% and were mainly nausea, vomiting, fever, alopecia and one case of hemorrhagic cystitis that resolved rapidly. Four patients developed fever during the period of neutropenia, and all improved with oral antibiotics and without hospitalization. Transplant related mortality at 100 days was 0%. A median follow-up of patients included in this analysis was 441 days (148-1261). Anti-GAD titers were reduced overall by 93.83% (p = 0.016). HbA1c values were modified downward by 15.01%, (p = 0.093). A1c levels showed a mean decrease of 0.87% in the 3 months of study. Overall, the daily insulin requirements decreased from 0.41 U/kg to 0.32 U/kg at the third month (p=0.46). Six patients achieved insulin independence. As mentioned, 3 were non-responders, and the rest were partial responders. Conclusion A simplify PBASCT in a outpatient setting is secure and a potential therapeutic strategy for early onset type 1diabetes. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Samadi, Nasrin. "Educational Points for Prevention of Type 1diabetes and its Complications: A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Research & Bioethics 01, S1 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/scientificreports.274.
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AZIZA, BOUKERCHA. "PTPN22 GENE POLYMORPHISM IN CROHN DISEASE, A TYPE 1DIABET MELLITUS AND HEALTHY ALGERIAN COHORT." Frontiers in Immunology 5 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/conf.fimmu.2014.04.00019.
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Dr. S. P. Rayal and Deepika Laspal. "Yoga and Diabetes : The Impact of Yoga Practice on Diabetic Symptoms." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, June 21, 2022, 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-4978.
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“Diabetes mellitus”, is one of the most common non-communicable diseases worldwide. India faces several challenges in diabetes management, including a rising prevalence in urban and rural areas, lack of disease awareness among the public, limited health care facilities, high cost of treatment, suboptimal glycaemic control and rising prevalence of diabetic complications. Insulin therapy for diabetes is most commonly delivered via subcutaneous injections, up to four times a day. Long-term insulin therapy, compounded by the invasive nature of its administration, has caused problems with patient compliance, ultimately influencing patient outcomes. There is an increase in the prevalence of type 1diabetes also, but main cause of diabetic epidemic is type2 diabetes mellitus, which accounts for more than 90 percent of all diabetes cases. Type2 diabetes is a serious and common chronic disease resulting from a complex inheritance- environment interaction along with other risk factors such as obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
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Bukara-Radujković, Olivera, and Vesna Miljković. "Effect of use of insulin pump with low glucose suspend feature on metabolic control in children with type 1diabetes." БИОМЕДИЦИНСКА ИСТРАЖИВАЊА 9, no. 1 (July 24, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/bii1801037b.
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Introduction. The automatic suspension of the insulin pump and discontinuationof insulin delivery in case of hypoglycemia is one of the features ofVeo insulin pump when it is connected with the sensor used for continuousmonitoring of glycemia (CGM). This type of therapy is currently consideredto be the best one for achieving a good metabolic control in children withtype 1 diabetes mellitus. The objective of the study was to check whetherthe use of an option for automatic suspension in case of hypoglycemia andcombined bolus affects the metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetesmellitus using the insulin pump for a three-month period.Methods. The study included 25 participants (13 girls and 12 boys), aged7 to 15 years with average age 11.88 ± 3.15 years and average diabetes durationof 6.12 ± 2.5 years. On average, the participants have already beenusing the insulin pump Paradigm Veo TM MMT-754 for 3.08 ± 1.73 years.The measurements of HbA1c were done at the beginning of the study, thenafter three and six months.Results. The percentage of glucose serum levels above 7.8 mmol/L insignificantlyincreased, while the percentage of glucose serum levels below3.9 mmol/L decreased during the three-month period of CGM wearing.The initial HbA1c was 7.53 ± 0.87%. After three months of wearing, CGMHbA1c showed a slight decrease to 7.48 ± 0.73%, while at the follow-up afteranother three months without CGM HbA1c increased to 7.57 ± 0.98%.Conclusion. This study shows that the use of an insulin pump with the optionof automatic suspension in case of hypoglycemia and combined bolusis only associated with a certain improvement in the metabolic controlafter three months of continuous wearing without increasing the risk ofhypoglycemia.
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Tyagi, Archana, and Vaibhav Anjankar. "Type 1 - Diabetes Mellitus: Etiology and Epidemiology." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, December 27, 2021, 3335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i60b35014.
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According to the first point of view about the physiopathology and management of type 1diabetes, it seems to be easy but as we go deep into its study the less it seems to be known. Koch's postulates are not followed in all the cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and this is concluded after knowing more about the disease's pathogenesis. The main cause of disease nowadays is the surroundings, environmental factors, genome, metabolism, and immune system that varies in different individuals. But according to ancient research, it was considered like a localized autoimmune disorder in which beta cells producing insulin are destroyed. During ancient times before giving type 1 diabetes recognition of a complaint, people linked the symptoms of the complaint like inordinate urination, inordinate thirst, and the agreeableness of the urine that attract the ants, and also it was noted on by the croakers and latterly it was nominated Type 1 Diabetes. Since it was a new term for the people of ancient times, they assumed type 1 diabetes to be a fatal complaint as they had no idea about the history and cause of the disease and because of this partial knowledge the cases suffering from the complaint failed from acute complications. The involvement of the pancreas in type 1 diabetes was proved in the time 1889. After the time when the pancreas part was proved the scientists plant out that beast insulin can be utilized in the treatment of complaint of the subject, and they concluded that diabetes is not fatal it is just a bare issue of life.
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Miss. Aishwarya Ubale, Miss. Samruddhi Khude, and Mrs. Archana Binage. "Antibiotics in Early Life: Dysbiosis and Damage Done." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, October 8, 2022, 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-7144.
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Antibiotic are the most common type of medication prescribed to children, including infants, in western world. Antibiotics alter the gut microbial composition. Since the gut microbiota plays crucial role in immunity, metabolism and endocrinology the effects of antibiotics on the microbiota may lead to further health complications. Antibiotic in childhood have been linked with disease including asthma, juvenile, arthritis, type 1diabets, chronic disease and mental illness. In COVID-19 probiotics plays a therapeutic role for GI, IBD, colitis, and even in viral infection. So, we assume that the inclusion of studies to investigate gut microbiome and subsequent therapies such as probiotic might help decrease the inflammatory response of viral pathogenesis and respiratory symptoms by strengthening the host immune system, amelioration of gut microbiome, and improvement of gut barrier function. Focused on four types of dysbiosis loss of keystone taxa, loss of diversity. Establishment of large and diverse baseline healthy infant microbiome development is essential to advancing diagnosis interpretation and eventual treatment pediatric dysbiosis. In this review we present an overview of effects of antibiotics on microbiome in children and correlate them to long lasting complications. Objectives: • To review on antibiotics are alter the gut microbial composition in children, adult. • To review on gut microbiota plays crucial roles in immunity, metabolism and endocrinology, the effects of antibiotics on microbiota may lead to further health..
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Peter Sand, Marizela Kljajić, and Gun Forsander. "Improved Health-related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Type 1diabetes: A Two-year Prospective Family Intervention RCT Study." J. of Health Science 5, no. 2 (April 28, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.17265/2328-7136/2017.02.001.
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Ayati, Mehri, Amir Hossein Movahedian, and Ziba Mosayebi. "Assessment of Correlations Between Neonatal Jaundice and Phototherapy With Childhood Diabetes Type 1." ACTA MEDICA IRANICA, July 22, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/acta.v58i3.3777.
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Previous investigations have indicated an association between modulation of developing the immune system with increased risk of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate correlations between the positive history of blood group incompatibility, neonatal jaundice, and phototherapy with childhood type 1 DM. A case-control retrospective study was carried out in an Iranian Hospital in 2015. One-hundred subjects aged 1-15 years with T1DM were included as the case group. One-hundred healthy children were also considered as the control group. A questionnaire composed of demographic-clinical data was completed for each subject. Correlations between childhood type 1diabetes and some clinical risk factors were determined. One hundred cases with type 1 diabetes and 100 healthy control children entered the study. A significant association between maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and childhood T1DM was observed (P=0.05, OR=3.789). The history of neonatal jaundice in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group (P=0.02, OR=4.667). ABO incompatibilities in the case group were associated with 19 neonates with blood group A and 2 neonates with blood group B (mothers' blood group; O) (P=0.005, OR=7.397). In the case group, 29 of 38 cases with a history of jaundice had received phototherapy while in the control group, 19 participants had undergone phototherapy (P=0.126, OR=1.707). Results have indicated that neonatal Jaundice and ABO incompatibility could increase the risk of childhood T1DM. Moreover, maternal GDM should be considered as an increased subsequent risk of childhood T1D.
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Marta, Wysocka-Mincewicz, Olechowski Andrzej, Baszyńska-Wilk Marta, Byczyńska Aleksandra, and Gołębiewska Joanna. "Choroidal thickness in children with type 1 diabetes depending on the pubertal status and metabolic parameters analyzed by optical coherence tomography." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (October 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97794-3.
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AbstractTo assess choroidal thickness (CT) in children with type 1diabetes (T1D) regarding their pubertal status and seek for factors influencing this parameter, using optical coherence tomography. Material and methods: 333 eyes out of 167 children with T1D without symptoms of diabetic retinopathy (mean age 12.81 ± 3.63 years, diabetes duration 4.59 ± 3.71 years) were enrolled. CT in all quadrants was evaluated. The studied population was divided into three groups: prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal. The multivariate regression model was carried out using all metabolic parameter and then it was built using only the significant ones. Results: Significant differences in CT between males and females, except nasal and superior quadrants were observed. We revealed significant differences in CT between the three independent groups (Chi-square 18.6, p < 0.0001). In the statistically significant multiple regression model (R = 0.9, R2 = 0.82, p < 0.0000), the serum level of free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, total hemoglobin, uric acid, low- and high-density cholesterol, daily insulin dose per kilogram, weight and level of vitamin D were significant. Conclusion: In our studied group CT increases during puberty. Metabolic parameters such as cholesterol, uric acid, thyroid hormones, and hemoglobin concentration even within the normal range, significantly influence the CT, and these factors likely affect other blood vessels in the body.
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Fuhrman, Joel H., and Deana M. Ferreri. "Treatment and Remission of Symptoms in Type 1 Diabetes with a Nutrient-Dense, Plant-Rich (NDPR) Diet: Case Studies." International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/ijdrp.2019v1n1a23.
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Type 1diabetes (T1D), in contrast to type 2 diabetes, is an autoimmune disease rather than a lifestyle disease. However, diet and lifestyle factors such as nutrient density, glycemic load, fiber intake, and exercise do affect glycemic control, cardiovascular risk, and risk of complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. Patients with T1D may be able to reduce insulin requirements and achieve better glycemic control if practicing dietary methods to increase plant fibers and micronutrient density, and decrease glycemic load. We propose that anti-inflammatory effects of foods central to a nutrient-dense, plant-rich (NDPR) diet –vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, and lower-sugar fruits – may slow or prevent further destruction of beta cells if dietary intervention is initiated early enough. Herein, we present three cases of patients with T1D who have adopted a NDPR diet at varying times following T1D diagnosis. One patient who began a NDPR diet at age 3 immediately following diagnosis has not yet required insulin therapy nearly three years after diagnosis, and has experienced a steady decline in autoantibody levels. Another child who began a NDPR diet several months after diagnosis maintains a low dose of insulin, a favorable HbA1c, and more consistent blood glucose readings. A patient in his mid-40s who began a NDPR diet 13 years after T1D diagnosis, dramatically reduced insulin requirements and C-reactive protein and maintains favorable HbA1c and cardiovascular markers.
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Yates, Thomas, Joseph Henson, Jack Sargeant, James A. King, Ehtasham Ahmad, Francesco Zaccardi, and Melanie J. Davies. "Exercise, Pharmaceutical Therapies and Type 2 Diabetes: Looking beyond Glycemic Control to Whole Body Health and Function." Translational Medicine and Exercise Prescription, June 16, 2021, 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53941/tmep.v1i1.33.
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Exercise, Pharmaceutical Therapies and Type 2 Diabetes: Looking beyond Glycemic Control to Whole Body Health and Function Thomas Yates()1,2, Joseph Henson1,2, Jack Sargeant1,2, James A King2,4, Ehtasham Ahmad1, Francesco Zaccardi1,3 and Melanie J Davies1,2 1Diabetes Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK 2NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Center, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, UK 3Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK 4National Center for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK © The Authors Abstract Exercise is a powerful therapy for improving glycemic control and increasing cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is a dearth of evidence investigating interactions or synergies between exercise and most pharmaceutical therapies. This is important as exercise is rarely prescribed in isolation of other background medications used to manage T2DM. Therefore understanding which exercise and drug combinations optimize or blunt responses is crucial. This narrative review discusses advances in weight loss management in diabetes and highlights research opportunities and challenges for combining exercise therapies with newer generations of glucose-lowering therapies with weight loss effects, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is). We discuss the role of exercise in preserving lean mass and increasing physical function along with other potential areas of synergy. We conclude that until the evidence base investigating areas of interaction or synergy between exercise and other glucose-lowering or weight loss therapies is developed, exercise will remain a generic rather than a tailored therapy in the management of T2DM.
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Riaz, Sidrah, Tehmina Jahangir, and Tariq Khan. "Frequency of Diabetic Retinopathy and Factors for Suboptimal Diabetic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Trust Hospital of Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology 37, no. 2 (January 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v37i2.1123.
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Purpose: To find out the frequency of diabetic retinopathy and factors responsible for poor diabetic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in a trust hospital.
Place and duration of Study: Akhtar Saeed Medical College, from January 2018 to December 2019.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Methods: Total 395 diabetic patients belonging to lower socioeconomic class were included in the study. Type 1diabetes, age below 20 years, high myopia, papilledema, dense cataract, corneal scar and patients on dialysis were excluded. Age, gender, duration of disease, family history of diabetes, drugs used for diabetic control, compliance with drug, random serum sugar level at presentation, HBA1c level, best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp and fundus findings were noted.
Results: There were 270 (68.4%) females and 125 (31.6%) males (total 395). Random serum sugar was below 200mg/dl in 188 (47.6%). Family history of diabetes was positive in 145 (36.7%). Duration of diabetes was below ten years in 288 (73%). Visual acuity was less than 6/60 in 36 (6.3%) patients. HbA1c was within normal range in only 124 (31.4%). CSMO was present in 199 (50.37%) patients. Diabetic retinopathy was observed in 57 (14.43%) patients. Patients using oral hypoglycemic agents were 225 (57%), on insulin 151 (38.23%) and19 (4.8%) were using both oral drugs and insulin. Compliance was poor in 294 (74.4%).
Conclusion: Poor monetary resources compounded with lack of knowledge about disease, misconceptions regarding insulin and imbalanced diet are big hurdles in achieving optimal glycemic control in lower socio-economic class.
Key Words: Diabetic Retinopathy, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood serum sugar, clinically significant macular edema.
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VISSER, MARGARETHA M., SARA CHARLEER, STEFFEN FIEUWS, CHRISTOPHE DE BLOCK, ROBERT HILBRANDS, LIESBETH VAN HUFFEL, TOON MAES, et al. "646-P: Sustained Impact of Switching from Intermittently Scanned to Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults with Type 1Diabetes: 24-Month Results of the ALERTT1 Trial." Diabetes 71, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db22-646-p.
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Background: The 6-month multicenter randomized controlled ALERTT1 trial showed improvement of time in range (TIR; 70-180 mg/dL) , HbA1c, time <54 mg/dL and fear of hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) switching from intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM; FreeStyle Libre 1) to real-time CGM (rtCGM; Dexcom G6) . It is unclear whether these benefits are sustained in the long term. Methods: In this partial cross-over extension trial, the control group (n=127) switched as planned from isCGM to rtCGM from month 6 to month 24. The experimental group (n=127) continued rtCGM until month 24. Primary outcome was TIR. Key secondary outcomes were HbA1c, time <54 mg/dL and Hypoglycemia Fear Survey worry (HFS-worry) score. Within-group change (Δ) vs. start of rtCGM is reported (mean [95% CI]) . Results: People in the trial were on average 42.9 years old; mean HbA1c was 7.4%. A minority used an insulin pump (n=49) or were hypo unaware (n=44) . TIR increased from 51.8% to 63.5% at month 12 in the former isCGM group (Δ 11.7% [9.6-13.8] P<0.0001) and remained stable up to month 24 (Δ 11.7% [9.4-14.0] P<0.0001) . In the former rtCGM group, TIR increased from 52.5% to 63.0% at month 12 (Δ 10.6% [8.4-12.8] P<0.0001) and remained stable up to month 24 (Δ 10.5% [8.2-12.8] P<0.0001) . HbA1c decreased to 6.9% (Δ -0.54%; P<0.0001) and 7.0% (Δ -0.43%; P<0.0001) at month 24 in the former isCGM and rtCGM group respectively, together with a decrease of -2.67 points (P=0.0008) and -5.17 points (P<0.0001) in HFS-worry score. No significant reduction in time <54 mg/dL was seen after month 12. Percentage of people achieving the TIR consensus target increased from 14.9% to 37.8% (P<0.0001) in the former isCGM group and from 13.4% to 41.4% (P<0.0001) in the former rtCGM group. Conclusion: In adults with T1D, switching from isCGM to rtCGM is beneficial up to 24 months, adding further evidence that rtCGM with alerts is superior to isCGM without alerts. Disclosure M.M.Visser: Other Relationship; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Dexcom, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk. N.Myngheer: Advisory Panel; AstraZeneca, Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk. C.F.Vercammen: Other Relationship; AstraZeneca. F.Nobels: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca. B.Keymeulen: None. C.Mathieu: Advisory Panel; Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Imcyse, Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca. P.Gillard: Advisory Panel; Bayer AG, Novo Nordisk, Speaker's Bureau; Abbott Diabetes, Bayer AG, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi. S.Charleer: None. S.Fieuws: None. C.De block: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diagnostics, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Research Support; Indigo Diabetes, Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk. R.Hilbrands: None. L.Van huffel: Advisory Panel; Roche Diagnostics, Other Relationship; Medtronic, Speaker's Bureau; Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk. T.Maes: None. G.Vanhaverbeke: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Lilly Diabetes, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk, Sanofi. E.L.Dirinck: None. Funding Dexcom, San Diego, CA, USA (OUS-2018-011)
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Korpos, Éva, Nadir Kadri, Sophie Loismann, Clais R. Findeisen, Frank Arfuso, George W. Burke, Sarah J. Richardson, et al. "Identification and characterisation of tertiary lymphoid organs in human type 1 diabetes." Diabetologia, April 29, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-021-05453-z.
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Abstract Aims/hypothesis We and others previously reported the presence of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) in the pancreas of NOD mice, where they play a role in the development of type 1 diabetes. Our aims here are to investigate whether TLOs are present in the pancreas of individuals with type 1 diabetes and to characterise their distinctive features, in comparison with TLOs present in NOD mouse pancreases, in order to interpret their functional significance. Methods Using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, we examined the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cellular constituents of pancreatic TLOs from individuals with ongoing islet autoimmunity in three distinct clinical settings of type 1 diabetes: at risk of diabetes; at/after diagnosis; and in the transplanted pancreas with recurrent diabetes. Comparisons were made with TLOs from 14-week-old NOD mice, which contain islets exhibiting mild to heavy leucocyte infiltration. We determined the frequency of the TLOs in human type 1diabetes with insulitis and investigated the presence of TLOs in relation to age of onset, disease duration and disease severity. Results TLOs were identified in preclinical and clinical settings of human type 1 diabetes. The main characteristics of these TLOs, including the cellular and ECM composition of reticular fibres (RFs), the presence of high endothelial venules and immune cell subtypes detected, were similar to those observed for TLOs from NOD mouse pancreases. Among 21 donors with clinical type 1 diabetes who exhibited insulitis, 12 had TLOs and had developed disease at younger age compared with those lacking TLOs. Compartmentalised TLOs with distinct T cell and B cell zones were detected in donors with short disease duration. Overall, TLOs were mainly associated with insulin-containing islets and their frequency decreased with increasing severity of beta cell loss. Parallel studies in NOD mice further revealed some differences in so far as regulatory T cells were essentially absent from human pancreatic TLOs and CCL21 was not associated with RFs. Conclusions/interpretation We demonstrate a novel feature of pancreas pathology in type 1 diabetes. TLOs represent a potential site of autoreactive effector T cell generation in islet autoimmunity and our data from mouse and human tissues suggest that they disappear once the destructive process has run its course. Thus, TLOs may be important for type 1 diabetes progression. Graphical abstract
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Salah, Nouran Yousef, Sara Ibrahim Taha, Safeya Hassan, Mai Seif ElDin Abdeen, Mostafa Ahmad Hashim, and Rana Mahmoud. "Metabolism and memory: α-synuclein level in children with obesity and children with type 1 diabetes; relation to glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and executive functions." International Journal of Obesity, September 24, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01222-z.
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Abstract Background/Objectives Children with obesity and those with type 1diabetes (T1D) exhibit subtle neurocognitive deficits, the mechanism of which remains unknown. α-synuclein plays a fundamental role in neurodegeneration. Moreover, its role in glucose and lipids metabolism is emerging. This study aims to assess whether α-synuclein is correlated with the degree of neurodegeneration in children with obesity and those with T1D in comparison to healthy controls and correlate it to various neurocognitive and metabolic parameters. Subjects/Methods Forty children with obesity, 40 children with T1D and 40 matched-healthy controls were assessed for anthropometric measurements and blood-pressure. Cognitive evaluation was performed using Stanford–Binet scale and Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning (EF) Scale-Children and Adolescents. α-synuclein, fasting lipids and glucose were measured with calculation of the homeostatic model of insulin-resistance and estimated-glucose disposal rate. Results Children with obesity and those with T1D had significantly higher α-synuclein (p < 0.001) and total EF percentile (p = 0.001) than controls. α-synuclein was negatively correlated to total IQ (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001), and positively correlated with total EF percentile (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001) and EF symptom count percentile (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001) in children with T1D and obesity, respectively. Multivariate-regression revealed that α-synuclein was independently related to age (p = 0.028), diabetes-duration (p = 0.006), HbA1C% (p = 0.034), total IQ (p = 0.013) and EF symptom count percentile (p = 0.003) among children with T1D, and to diastolic blood-pressure percentile (p = 0.013), waist/hip ratio SDS (p = 0.007), total EF percentile (P = 0.033) and EF symptom count percentile (p < 0.001) in children with obesity. Conclusion α-synuclein could have a mechanistic role in neurocognitive deficit among children with obesity and T1D.
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Singh, Harsimran, Michelle Manning, Molly McElwee-Malloy, and Steph Habif. "SAT-LB113 Psychosocial Benefits of Using Basal-IQ® Predictive Low Glucose Suspend Technology in a Real-World Setting: Results From Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes." Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.2088.
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Abstract Recent literature has highlighted remarkable clinical benefits of the Basal-IQ PredictiveLow Glucose Suspend (PLGS) technology for both pediatric and adult patients with type 1diabetes (PwT1D). Although less frequently acknowledged in the literature, psychosocial benefits and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs) related to this technology, are critical to its sustained and satisfactory use. For purposes of this study, we analyzed pediatric PwT1Ds (n=123) who had recently started using the t:slim X2 insulin pump with Basal-IQ technology (Tandem Diabetes Care). These pediatric users were part of a larger recruited sample that also included adults with T1D (not described here). Amongst other clinical and demographic measures, pediatric PwT1Ds completed the Diabetes Impact and Device Satisfaction (DIDS) scale at baseline and then again at 6 months post-assessment(PA). The DIDS is a brief, reliable, and validated measure to ascertain device-specific satisfaction as well as impact of diabetes management in PwT1D. Pre-Post differences on DIDS were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Mean age of the pediatric sample was 12.25 years, female=45%, mean HbA1c=7.62%. At baseline, 91%used CGM, 27% used multiple daily injections, and 73% used insulin pumps as their therapy method. Parents/caregivers completed the DIDS on behalf of their child in most cases (92%). At PA, pediatric PwT1Ds, demonstrated significant changes on both subscales of the DIDS. Significant improvements were observed for device-related satisfaction (DS) (p<.001) whereas significant reduction was noted for diabetes-related impact (DI) (p<.01) indicating reduced burden of diabetes on daily life. These findings were noted regardless of patients’ baseline insulin delivery methods (MDI or insulin pump). For DS, at PA, patients reported the most improvement on items relating to“satisfaction with insulin delivery device” (29% increase, p<.001) and “hassle to use” (58%decrease, p<.001). For DI, items indicating the most reduction of diabetes impact were“worry about going low” (36% decrease, p<.001) and “wake up at night to treat low BG”(27% decrease, p<.001). These findings highlighted robust real-world evidence for psychosocial benefits of Basal-IQ technology for pediatric patients and their parents/caregivers. Using psychosocial PROs while evaluating medical devices and technologies is critical as they improve our understanding of patients’ experiences with these systems and their impact on quality of life. These aspects may not always be reflected in patients’ clinical outcomes but are essential for determining long term use and acceptance of new treatments and management regimens.
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Martinez, Adoración, Manuel Lanuza, Diana Manzano, Francisca Lopez, Eulalia Carceles, M. Teresa Valda de Miguel, Julian Navarro, Julio Domingo, and Juan Bernardo Cabezuelo. "P1157IMPACT OF MODE OF DIALYSIS ON COMPLICATIONS AFTER SIMULTANEOUS PANCREAS- KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, Supplement_3 (June 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1157.
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Abstract Background and Aims Simultaneous pancreas-Kidney transplantation (SPKT) has established its position in treating patients with type 1diabetes and end-stage renal disease. Infections in the early post-transplantation period are one of the most significant causes of the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with SPKT. Pre-transplant dialysis modality may affect evolution and it has suspected that peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated whit more surgical complications, especially intra-abdominal infections. The aim: evaluate whether pretransplant dialysis modality affects the risk for postoperative complications in SPKT transplant recipients Method retrospective and descriptive study of a series of patients who underwent SPKT from 2000 to 2018 in our hospital. We studied complication occurring during the first 3 months after transplantation Results From 2000 to 2019 we performed 38 SPKT in 22 men and 16 women. The mean age of the patients was 35.3(28-44) years. Of the 38 SPKT patients, 44.7% on hemodialysis before transplantation, 26.3% were on peritoneal dialysis and 28.9% had not received any substitutive renal therapy. Were similar regarding baseline characteristics. The complications of the post-transplant period are shown in graph 1. The most frequent complications were infectious in almost 2/3 of the patients and within them the intra-abdominal infections affected almost half, 18, of the patients. Were 3 thrombosis of the pancreas that caused the loss of the graft but none of the kidney. All early postoperative complications are compared in table 1.Whit no significant difference between groups of intraabdominal infection (p. 0.5) and graft thrombosis (p 0.7). There were also no differences in relaparotomy, acute rejection and delayed graft function During the follow-up 4 patients died, one case due to a heart attack while the other 3 in relation to intraabdominal infectious processes and need for reintervention Conclusion: Despite improvements in the outcomes of STKP infectious complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality Peritoneal dialysis is not a risk factor postoperative complication after STPK