Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Two-tone suppression for ASR / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Two-tone suppression for ASR'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Two-tone suppression for ASR.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Two-tone suppression for ASR.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Kızıltan, Meral E., Leyla Köse Leba, Ayşegül Gündüz, Nevin Pazarcı, Çiğdem Özkara, and Naz Yeni. "Does Valproic Acid/Na Valproate Suppress Auditory Startle Reflex in Patients With Epilepsy?" Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 49, no. 6 (December 20, 2017): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059417747155.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and Objective. Auditory startle response (ASR) was normal in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy whereas it was suppressed in progressive myoclonic epilepsy. However, both groups were using valproic acid/Na valproate (VPA) in different doses. Therefore, we aimed to analyze whether VPA has an impact on ASR in a cohort of epilepsy. For this purpose, we included patients with epilepsy and analyzed ASR in patients who were using VPA. Patients and Method. We included 51 consecutive patients who had epilepsy and were using VPA between January 2014 and January 2016. Two control groups of 37 epilepsy patients using other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and of 25 healthy subjects were also constituted. All participants underwent investigations of ASR and startle response to somatosensory inputs (SSS) under similar conditions. Results. An analysis of patients using VPA, not using VPA and healthy subjects revealed significantly longer latency and lower probability of orbicularis oculi (O.oc) and sternocleidomastoid responses after auditory stimulation, decreased total ASR probability and longer latency of O.oc response after somatosensory stimulation in patient groups compared with healthy subjects. Multivariate analysis showed type of AED had a role in the generation of abnormalities. VPA, carbamazepine, and multiple AED use caused suppression of ASR. Total ASR probability was decreased or O.oc latency got longer with longer duration of VPA use whereas serum VPA level at the time of investigation did not correlate with total ASR probability. Discussion. Both ASR and SSS are suppressed by the effect of VPA, especially in patients using for a long period and in patients using other AEDs with VPA. Given the fact that VPA leads to long-standing synaptic changes of dopaminergic transmission, abnormalities of this network may be the more likely cause.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Balakrishnan, P., and K. Srinivasan. "Pipe jet noise reduction using co-axial swirl pipe." Aeronautical Journal 121, no. 1238 (March 6, 2017): 488–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2017.5.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe present experimental work highlights the acoustic far field and flow field characteristics of confined co-axial swirling pipe jets. Co-axial confinements with six vanes at angles of 0°, 20° and 40° are considered here. Two pipe lengths of L/D=0.5 and 2 are studied. The Mach numbers studied range from 0.85 to 1.83. An increase in the pipe length causes suppression of the transonic tones in non-swirl pipe jets. Swirl reduces the low frequency noise components and increases the high-frequency components compared to non-swirl jet. The broadband shock associated noise is mitigated by the swirl pipe jets. However, the screech tone is completely eliminated by the swirl pipe jets. Further, swirl pipe jets radiate low levels of noise at all the emission angles compared to non-swirl pipe jets, for both the pipe length cases at supersonic Mach numbers. Increase in the pipe length enhances the shock associated noise and OASPL for the non-swirl pipe jet. Centreline pitot survey and schlieren visualisation show a reduction in core length, reduction in the number of shock cells, weakening/destruction of the shock cells by the swirl pipe jets compared to the non-swirl pipe jets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Kirenskaya, A. V., Z. I. Storozheva, N. B. Bolshakova, V. J. Novototsky-Vlasov, and A. A. Tkachenko. "The influence of deviant behavior on inhibitory gating measures in schizophrenic patients." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72129-0.

Full text

Abstract:

Schizophrenia patients exhibit inhibitory gating deficit in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle response (ASR) and in the P50 auditory evoked potential suppression.Deviant sexual behavior (DSB) often complicates early clinical identifying of schizophrenic disorder. In this study we assessed the inhibitory gating measures in schizophrenic patients with DSB.Participants (males) were 12 schizophrenic patients with DSB, 14 schizophrenic controls (SC) and 26 healthy controls (HC). DSB was mainly related to disorders of sexual preference. P50 suppression was measured during two runs of 50 click pairs with 500-msec interval. PPI was measured using a series of prepulse-pulse pairs with lead intervals (LI) 60 ms and 120 ms.SC group showed reduced PPI compared to HC. PPI deficit was the most prominent at 60 ms LI, and was right-sided only at 120-ms LI. DSB group demonstrated left-sided reduced PPI at 60 ms LI and left eye ASR latency reduction at 120 ms LI. SC exhibited the highest (0,87), and HC the lowest (0,39) S2/S1 ratio in P50 paradigm; the intermediate value (0,67) was found in DSB patients. In both patient groups S2/S1 ratio significantly (p < 0,001) differed from that in HC. No significant differences were revealed in P50 and PPI measures between patient groups that may be related to high variability in SC group.Left-side PPI deficit in DSB patients is possibly related to right hemisphere disturbances that are inherent to patients with sexual disorders. P50 and PPI measures may be useful to identify schizophrenic disorder in patients with DSB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Zoghlami, Novlene, and Zied Lachiri. "Application of Perceptual Filtering Models to Noisy Speech Signals Enhancement." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/282019.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper describes a new speech enhancement approach using perceptually based noise reduction. The proposed approach is based on the application of two perceptual filtering models to noisy speech signals: the gammatone and the gammachirp filter banks with nonlinear resolution according to the equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) scale. The perceptual filtering gives a number of subbands that are individually spectral weighted and modified according to two different noise suppression rules. The importance of an accurate noise estimate is related to the reduction of the musical noise artifacts in the processed speech that appears after classic subtractive process. In this context, we use continuous noise estimation algorithms. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated on speech signals corrupted by real-world noises. Using objective tests based on the perceptual quality PESQ score and the quality rating of signal distortion (SIG), noise distortion (BAK) and overall quality (OVRL), and subjective test based on the quality rating of automatic speech recognition (ASR), we demonstrate that our speech enhancement approach using filter banks modeling the human auditory system outperforms the conventional spectral modification algorithms to improve quality and intelligibility of the enhanced speech signal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Cooper, Nigel P. "Two‐tone suppression in cochlear mechanics." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99, no. 5 (May 1996): 3087–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.414795.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

ISHIGAMI, HIROMICHI. "Two tone suppression in sandwich masking. 2." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 29, no. 5 (1986): 645–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.29.645.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Hegland, Erica L., and Elizabeth A. Strickland. "Modeling temporal effects in two-tone suppression." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135, no. 4 (April 2014): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4877030.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Kates, J. M. "Two-tone suppression in a cochlear model." IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 3, no. 5 (1995): 396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/89.466656.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ruggero, M. A., L. Robles, and N. C. Rich. "Two-tone suppression in the basilar membrane of the cochlea: mechanical basis of auditory-nerve rate suppression." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 1087–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.4.1087.

Full text

Abstract:

1. The vibratory response to two-tone stimuli was measured in the basilar membrane of the chinchilla cochlea by means of the Mossbauer technique or laser velocimetry. Measurements were made at sites with characteristic frequency (CF, the frequency at which an auditory structure is most sensitive) of 7-10 kHz, located approximately 3.5 mm from the oval window. 2. Two-tone suppression (reduction in the response to one tone due to the presence of another) was demonstrated for CF probe tones and suppressor tones with frequencies both higher and lower than CF, at moderately low stimulus levels, including probe-suppressor combinations for which responses to the suppressor were lower than responses to the probe tone alone. 3. For a fixed suppressor tone, suppression magnitude decreased as a function of increasing probe intensity. 4. The magnitude of suppression increased monotonically with suppressor intensity. 5. The rate of growth of suppression magnitude with suppressor intensity was higher for suppressors in the region below CF than for those in the region above CF. 6. For low-frequency suppressor tones, suppression magnitude varied periodically, attaining one or two maxima within each period of the suppressor tone. 7. Suppression was frequency tuned: for either above-CF or below-CF suppressor tones, suppression magnitude reached a maximum for probe frequencies near CF. 8. Cochlear damage or death diminished or abolished suppression. There was a clear positive correlation between magnitude of suppression and basilar-membrane sensitivity for responses to CF tones. 9. Suppression tended to be accompanied by small phase lags in responses to CF probe tones. 10. Because all of the features of two-tone suppression at the basilar membrane match qualitatively (and, generally, also quantitatively) the features of two-tone rate suppression in auditory-nerve fibers, it is concluded that neural two-tone rate suppression originates in mechanical phenomena at the basilar membrane. 11. Because the lability of mechanical suppression parallels the loss of sensitivity and frequency tuning due to outer hair cell dysfunction, the present findings suggest that mechanical two-tone suppression arises from an interaction between the outer hair cells and the basilar membrane.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Keefe, Douglas H., John C. Ellison, Denis F. Fitzpatrick, and Michael P. Gorga. "Two-tone suppression of stimulus frequency otoacoustic emissions." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 3 (March 2008): 1479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2828209.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Cheatham, M. A., and P. Dallos. "Two-tone suppression in inner hair cell responses." Hearing Research 40, no. 3 (July 1989): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(89)90159-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Hill, Kenneth G. "Basilar membrane motion in relation to two-tone suppression." Hearing Research 115, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5955(97)00187-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

MITO, Kenta, Sinyoung LEE, and Takuji KOIKE. "Simulation of basilar membrane vibration during two-tone suppression." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2018.30 (2018): 1B20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2018.30.1b20.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Hegland, Erica L., and Elizabeth A. Strickland. "Further modeling of temporal effects in two-tone suppression." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, no. 4 (October 2014): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4900344.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Stoop, R., W. H. Steeb, J. C. Gallas, and A. Kern. "Auditory two-tone suppression from a subcritical Hopf cochlea." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 351, no. 1 (June 2005): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2004.12.019.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Killan, Edward C., Mark E. Lutman, and Nicholas J. Thyer. "Simultaneous suppression of tone burst-evoked otoacoustic emissions: Two and three-tone burst combinations." Hearing Research 327 (September 2015): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2015.04.013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Farris, Hamilton E., and Ronald R. Hoy. "Two-tone suppression in the cricket,Eunemobius carolinus(Gryllidae, Nemobiinae)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, no. 3 (March 2002): 1475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1451069.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Murakami, Yasuki. "Simple oscillator model of frequency dependence of cochlear two-tone suppression." Acoustical Science and Technology 39, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.39.226.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Jedrzejczak, W. Wiktor, Jacek Smurzynski, and Katarzyna J. Blinowska. "Origin of suppression of otoacoustic emissions evoked by two-tone bursts." Hearing Research 235, no. 1-2 (January 2008): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2007.10.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Prijs, Vera F. "Lower boundaries of two-tone suppression regions in the guinea pig." Hearing Research 42, no. 1 (October 1989): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(89)90118-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Geisler, C. Daniel, Graeme K. Yates, Robert B. Patuzzi, and Brian M. Johnstone. "Saturation of outer hair cell receptor currents causes two-tone suppression." Hearing Research 44, no. 2-3 (March 1990): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(90)90084-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Cheatham, M. A., and P. Dallos. "Two-tone suppression in inner hair cell responses: Correlates of rate suppression in the auditory nerve." Hearing Research 60, no. 1 (June 1992): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(92)90052-o.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Kawashima, Nobuyoshi, Yuji Ase, and Jun Kusakari. "Two-tone Distortion Products in a Suppression Model of the Basilar Membrane." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 40, no. 3 (1997): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.40.164.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Isojima, Genzo, and Takao Suzuki. "Frequency distribution of two-tone suppression in forward masking. I. Preliminary experiment." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 28, no. 1 (1985): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.28.14.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Kanis, Luc‐J, and Egbert de Boer. "Two‐tone suppression in a locally active nonlinear model of the cochlea." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 4 (October 1994): 2156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.410157.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hegland, Erica L., Alexander L. Francis, and Elizabeth A. Strickland. "Age-related effects on two-tone suppression and consonant perception in noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 139, no. 4 (April 2016): 1989–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4949816.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Chen, Lin, Richard J. Salvi, Patricia G. Trautwein, and Nicholas Powers. "Two‐tone rate suppression boundaries of cochlear ganglion neurons in normal chickens." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 100, no. 1 (July 1996): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.415959.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Abuelma’atti, Muhammad Taher. "Prediction of the two-tone suppression and intermodulation performance of auditory systems." Applied Acoustics 67, no. 9 (September 2006): 882–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2006.01.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Allen, Jont, and Deep Sen. "A unified theory of two‐tone suppression and upward‐spread of masking." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 5 (May 1998): 2812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.421566.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Farris, Hamilton E., and Ronald R. Hoy. "Two‐tone suppression of the ultrasound induced startle response in a cricket." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 103, no. 5 (May 1998): 2826–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.421934.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Geisler, C. Daniel. "Two-tone suppression by a saturating feedback model of the cochlear partition." Hearing Research 63, no. 1-2 (November 1992): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(92)90086-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Dong, Wei, and Elizabeth S. Olson. "Two-Tone Suppression of Simultaneous Electrical and Mechanical Responses in the Cochlea." Biophysical Journal 111, no. 8 (October 2016): 1805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.048.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Muller, C. M., and H. Scheich. "Contribution of GABAergic inhibition to the response characteristics of auditory units in the avian forebrain." Journal of Neurophysiology 59, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1673–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.59.6.1673.

Full text

Abstract:

1. We tested the contribution of GABAergic inhibition to the response characteristics of 213 neurons in the auditory telencephalon of chronically prepared nonanesthetized chickens. Extracellular recordings were obtained with multibarrel glass electrodes containing a tungsten wire. Auditory stimuli consisted of tones, two-tone combinations, and noise bursts presented either free field or via earphones. 2. Response properties of the neurons were studied both before and during iontophoretic application of GABA, glutamate, bicuculline methiodide (BIC), and acetylcholine. 3. During BIC application excitatory responses were facilitated. With the exception of transient off-responses, which occasionally appeared only in the BIC condition, the temporal response patterns to tone stimuli at the units' best frequency usually were unaltered. In no case was an inhibitory response component to binaurally presented pure tones antagonized by BIC. 4. BIC iontophoresis enlarged the isointensity-response areas of the vast majority of neurons in the structures of the auditory forebrain lying postsynaptic to the thalamorecipient layer L2. This effect was not obtained when neurons were depolarized to perithreshold levels with glutamate. 5. Two-tone stimulation resulted in a suppression of the excitatory response to a neuron's best frequency when the second frequency lay outside the excitatory response area. In lamina L2, the frequency range inducing two-tone suppression was narrow, and the suppressive effect was not antagonized by BIC. In the postsynaptic layers, frequencies up to three octaves from the neurons' best frequency induced two-tone suppression that was sensitive to BIC. In addition, these neurons also displayed a BIC-insensitive suppression similar to the one seen in layer L2. 6. Neurons displaying no or only a poor response to white-noise stimulation strongly responded to this wide-band stimulus during BIC iontophoresis. 7. Neurons without tone responses usually displayed clear response areas to tones during BIC application. Iontophoretic application of acetylcholine, but not glutamate, also induced such tone responses. Two-tone combinations with frequencies lying within the response areas observed in the BIC condition elicited excitatory responses after full recovery from the BIC application. 8. During BIC iontophoresis nonmonotonic intensity-response functions were converted to monotonic functions in most of the neurons studied. 9. A model of GABAergic inhibitory interactions is proposed that is based on two independent GABAergic systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Song, Lei, JoAnn McGee, and Edward J. Walsh. "Development of Cochlear Amplification, Frequency Tuning, and Two-Tone Suppression in the Mouse." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 1 (January 2008): 344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00983.2007.

Full text

Abstract:

It is generally believed that the micromechanics of active cochlear transduction mature later than passive elements among altricial mammals. One consequence of this developmental order is the loss of transduction linearity, because an active, physiologically vulnerable process is superimposed on the passive elements of transduction. A triad of sensory advantage is gained as a consequence of acquiring active mechanics; sensitivity and frequency selectivity (frequency tuning) are enhanced and dynamic operating range increases. Evidence supporting this view is provided in this study by tracking the development of tuning curves in BALB/c mice. Active transduction, commonly known as cochlear amplification, enhances sensitivity in a narrow frequency band associated with the “tip” of the tuning curve. Passive aspects of transduction were assessed by considering the thresholds of responses elicited from the tuning curve “tail,” a frequency region that lies below the active transduction zone. The magnitude of cochlear amplification was considered by computing tuning curve tip-to-tail ratios, a commonly used index of active transduction gain. Tuning curve tip thresholds, frequency selectivity and tip-to-tail ratios, all indices of the functional status of active biomechanics, matured between 2 and 7 days after tail thresholds achieved adultlike values. Additionally, two-tone suppression, another product of active cochlear transduction, was first observed in association with the earliest appearance of tuning curve tips and matured along an equivalent time course. These findings support a traditional view of development in which the maturation of passive transduction precedes the maturation of active mechanics in the most sensitive region of the mouse cochlea.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Enokihara, Akira, Tadashi Kawai, and Tetsuya Kawanishi. "Optical two-tone generation and SSB modulation using electro-optic modulator with suppressing redundant spectrum components." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 3 (April 27, 2011): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907871100047x.

Full text

Abstract:

Doubled frequency optical two-tone generation and optical single sideband (SSB) modulation by the dual-electrode-type electro-optic (EO) modulator with a single Mach–Zehnder (MZ) interferometer were considered. We theoretically showed that redundant spectrum components in the modulated optical signals, which are caused by the imbalance of light splitting ratio between the two arms of the interferometer, are significantly suppressed by controlling the input power ratio of RF modulation signals applied to each electrode. This effect was confirmed by the experiment, where an optical two-tone with the redundant components 49.8 dB lower than the primary two-tone components in intensity level was obtained. This method is also valid for suppression of undesired frequency components of RF signals that are generated at a photo detector from the optical two-tone waves propagated through a dispersive optical fiber.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

van der Heijden, Marcel, and Philip X. Joris. "The Speed of Auditory Low-Side Suppression." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 1 (January 2005): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00554.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

The nonlinear cochlear phenomenon of two-tone suppression is known to be very fast, but precisely how fast is unknown. We studied the timing of low-side suppression in the auditory nerve of the cat using multitone complexes as auditory stimuli. An evalution of the group delays of the responses to these complexes allowed us to measure the timing of the responses with sub-millisecond accuracy for a large number of fibers with characteristic frequencies (CFs) between 2 and 40 kHz. In particular, we measured the delays with which the same below-CF tone complexes affected the response either as an excitor (when presented alone) or as a suppressor (when combined with a CF probe). For CFs <10 kHz, we found that the delay of suppression was larger than the delay of excitation by several hundred microseconds. The difference between the delay of suppression and that of excitation decreased with increasing CF, becoming negligible for CFs >15 kHz. The results are analyzed in terms of traveling-wave delays and a purported cochlear gain control. The data suggest that suppression originates from a gain-control mechanism with an integration time in the order of two cycles of CF.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Hoon, TS, MA Ansari, IL Shuaib, AR Mohd Ariff, I. Khalid, MB L. Mohd Basheer, M. Tun, and Mohd E. Aziz. "MR imaging features and contrast enhancement characteristics in benign and malignant breast lesions." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 34, no. 2 (October 30, 2013): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiom.v34i2.9052.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: Breast cancer is the commonest female malignancy in Malaysia and other countries the world. All races are affected in Malaysia and breast cancer comprised 30.4% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. A women in Malaysia has a 1 in 19 chances of getting breast cancer in her lifetime. The Age Standardized Rate (ASR) of female breast cancer in Malaysia is 52.8 per 100,000 people and is higher than that in Singapore, Hong Kong and Shanghai, but it is lower than that in Australia and the UK. Out of the 4,337 new cases of female breast cancer cases reported to the National Cancer Registry of Malaysia in 2002, 52.3% were for women less than 50 years old. Genetic risk factors have not been studies thoroughly in Malaysia. Methods: We prospectively studied 55 patients with breast lumps in whom MR imaging was performed. The T1- and T2-weighted, axial STIR, fat-suppression contrast enhanced fast spin echo and two dimensional dynamic enhanced fast spoiled gradient-echo images were obtained. The tumour margins and shape, enhancement pattern and time-signal intensity curves were analysed. Results: A total of 37 patients fulfilled the study criteria with the mean age of 43.46 ±11.99 years (age ranged 21-70). There were 23 benign and 14 malignant lesions. The MR imaging criteria suggestive of malignancy were poorly defined and spiculated margins, irregular shape, heterogeneous and rim enhancement as well as type II and III curves. On the other hand, the criteria for a benign breast lesions were well-defined margin, regular and lobulated shape, none or homogeneous enhancement and type I curve. Only the malignant lesions are characterised by skin, retroareolar, nipple and pectoralis muscle involvement. Conclusion: MR imaging is a valuable complementary breast imaging tool to further evaluate equivocal findings on conventional x-ray mammography. A combination of lesion morphology and enhancement characteristics is useful in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i2.9052 Journal of Institute of Medicine August, 2012; 34:2 28-34

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wang, Yan, Xiangqing Meng, Wentao Ji, Bei Pei, Chendi Lin, Hao Feng, and Ligang Zheng. "The Inhibition Effect of Gas–Solid Two-Phase Inhibitors on Methane Explosion." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 27, 2019): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030398.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to study the inhibition effect of gas–solid two-phase inhibitors on a methane explosion, the influence of these parameters was investigated and compared with that of single-phase inhibitors. The results show that the inhibition effect of gas–solid two-phase inhibitors on a methane explosion is better than the added effect of two single-phase inhibitors, indicating that a synergistic effect can be obtained by gas–solid two-phase inhibitors. The two-phase inhibitors which are composed of NaHCO3 (BC) powders and inert gas have a better suppressing property than those composed of NH4H2PO4 (ABC) powders and inert gas. The two-phase inhibitors composed of CO2 and powders have a better suppressing property than those composed of N2 and powders. The 9.5% premixed methane–air mixture can be completely inhibited by 0.10 g/L BC powders mixed with 8% CO2. The suppression mechanisms of the gas–solid two-phase inhibitors on the methane explosion were discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Isozima, Genzo, and Takao Suzuki. "Frequency distribution of two-tone suppression in forward masking. IV. Level effect of suppressor." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 30, no. 6 (1987): 764–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.30.764.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Isojima, Genzo, and Takao Suzuki. "Frequency distribution of two-tone suppression in forward masking. III. Level effect of suppressee." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 28, no. 2 (1985): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.28.143.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Isojma, Genzo, and Takao Suzuki. "Frequency distribution of two-tone suppression in forward masking. II. Frequency effects of suppressor." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 28, no. 1 (1985): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.28.27.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Chen, Lin, Patricia G. Trautwein, Nicholas Powers, and Richard J. Salvi. "Two-tone rate suppression boundaries of cochlear ganglion neurons in chickens following acoustic trauma." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, no. 4 (October 1997): 2245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.419598.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Murakami, Yasuki, and Shunsuke Ishimitsu. "Possible mechanisms of cochlear two-tone suppression represented by vector subtraction within a model." Acoustical Science and Technology 39, no. 1 (2018): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.39.11.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Wright, Beverly A. "Individual, sex, and ear differences in measures of overshoot and psychophysical two‐tone suppression." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95, no. 5 (May 1994): 2942–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.409145.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Irino, Toshio, and Roy Patterson. "Explaining two‐tone suppression and forward masking data using a compressive gammachirp auditory filterbank." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 4 (April 2005): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4777535.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Delgutte, Bertrand. "Two-tone rate suppression in auditory-nerve fibers: Dependence on suppressor frequency and level." Hearing Research 49, no. 1-3 (November 1990): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(90)90106-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Hope, A. J., L. M. Luxon, and D.-E. Bamiou. "Effects of chronic noise exposure on speech-in-noise perception in the presence of normal audiometry." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 127, no. 3 (February 1, 2013): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221511200299x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractObjective:To assess auditory processing in noise-exposed subjects with normal audiograms and compare the findings with those of non-noise-exposed normal controls.Methods:Ten noise-exposed Royal Air Force aircrew pilots were compared with 10 Royal Air Force administrators who had no history of noise exposure. Participants were matched in terms of age and sex. The subjects were assessed in terms of: pure tone audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in contralateral noise and auditory processing task performance (i.e. masking, frequency discrimination, auditory attention and speech-in-noise).Results:All subjects had normal pure tone audiometry and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions amplitudes in both ears. The noise-exposed aircrew had similar pure tone audiometry thresholds to controls, but right ear transient evoked otoacoustic emissions were larger and speech-in-noise thresholds were elevated in the noise-exposed subjects compared to controls.Conclusion:The finding of poorer speech-in-noise perception may reflect noise-related impairment of auditory processing in retrocochlear pathways. Audiometry may not detect early, significant noise-induced hearing impairment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Winslow, R. L., and M. B. Sachs. "Effect of electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle on auditory nerve response to tones in noise." Journal of Neurophysiology 57, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 1002–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1987.57.4.1002.

Full text

Abstract:

The discharge rates of single auditory-nerve fibers responding to best-frequency (BF) tones of varying level presented simultaneously with fixed level broadband noise were recorded with and without electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle (COCB). In the absence of COCB stimulation, monotonic increases in noise level produce monotonic increases in the low-level noise-driven response rate of auditory nerve fibers. As a result of adaptation, these increases in noise-driven response rate produce monotonic decreases in saturation discharge rate. At high noise levels, these compressive effects may eliminate the differential rate response of auditory nerve fibers to BF tones. COCB stimulation can restore this differential rate response by producing large decreases in noise-driven response rate and large increases in saturation discharge rate. In backgrounds of quiet, COCB stimulation is known to shift the dynamic range of single auditory nerve fiber BF tone responses to higher stimulus levels. In the presence of background noise, COCB stimulation produces upward shift of dynamic range, which decreases with increasing noise level. At high noise levels, COCB-induced decompression of rate-level functions may occur with little or no dynamic range shift. This enables auditory nerve fibers to signal changes in tone level with changes in discharge rate at lower signal-to-noise ratios than would be possible otherwise. Broadband noise also produces upward shift of the dynamic range of single auditory nerve fiber BF tone response. Noise-induced dynamic range shift of BF tone response was measured as a function of noise level with and without COCB stimulation. COCB stimulation elevates the threshold of noise-induced dynamic range shift. This shift is thought to result from two-tone rate suppression. Increases in the threshold of noise-induced shift due to COCB stimulation therefore suggests an interaction between the mechanism of two-tone rate suppression and the mechanism by which COCB stimulation produces dynamic range shift. These interactions were further investigated by recording auditory nerve fiber rate responses to fixed-level BF excitor tones presented simultaneously with fixed-frequency variable level suppressor tones. Rate responses were recorded with and without COCB stimulation. Experimental results were quantified using a phenomenological model of two-tone rate suppression presented by Sachs and Abbas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

ROBERT, DANIEL. "The Auditory Behaviour of Flying Locusts." Journal of Experimental Biology 147, no. 1 (November 1, 1989): 279–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.147.1.279.

Full text

Abstract:

The auditory behaviour of tethered locusts flying in a wind tunnel was investigated under controlled acoustic conditions. 1. Reflection, attenuation and diffraction of ultrasound evoked by the locust's physical presence caused pronounced distortions of the acoustic field. Interaural pressure variations were observed that account for directional hearing at high frequencies. 2. Sound field measurements indicated only a minor influence of flight posture or wing position on the interaural pressure gradient. 3. The locusts steered away from pulsed ultrasounds that simulated bat echolocation signals. The phonotactic response was measured as ruddering by the abdomen and hind legs, resulting in a yaw torque directed away from the sound source. Wingbeat frequency increased by 15% in response to ultrasonic stimulation. This behaviour is considered to be analogous to the bat avoidance behaviour of flying crickets. 4. The avoidance response was observed for carrier frequencies higher than 10 kHz and for sound pressure levels (on average) higher than 45 dB SPL. Lowfrequency stimuli (<10kHz) failed to elicit any phonotactic steering at any intensity used (up to 100dB SPL). Because of its relatively low threshold of reaction, this steering behaviour is thought to be part of an early-warning system adapted to the acoustic detection of echolocating predators. 5. The avoidance response was suppressed when a 30 kHz (normally effective) tone was combined with a 5 kHz tone (which is ineffective alone). Two-tone suppression only occurred when the low-frequency component was 10–15 dB SPL higher than the high-frequency tone. The biological significance of two-tone suppression is discussed. 6. The intensity-response characteristics, the frequency sensitivity and the twotone suppression of the avoidance behaviour are discussed with respect to the auditory physiology of Locusta migratoria. The involvement of some identified auditory ascending interneurones in the avoidance behaviour is considered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Matsuura, K., and M. Nakano. "Disorganization of a hole tone feedback loop by an axisymmetric obstacle on a downstream end plate." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 757 (September 29, 2014): 908–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.504.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis study investigates the suppression of the sound produced when a jet, issued from a circular nozzle or hole in a plate, goes through a similar hole in a second plate. The sound, known as a hole tone, is encountered in many practical engineering situations. The mean velocity of the air jet $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}u_0$ was $6\text {--}12\ \mathrm{m}\ {\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$. The nozzle and the end plate hole both had a diameter of 51 mm, and the impingement length $L_{im}$ between the nozzle and the end plate was 50–90 mm. We propose a novel passive control method of suppressing the tone with an axisymmetric obstacle on the end plate. We find that the effect of the obstacle is well described by the combination ($W/L_{im}$, $h$) where $W$ is the distance from the edge of the end plate hole to the inner wall of the obstacle, and $h$ is the obstacle height. The tone is suppressed when backflows from the obstacle affect the jet shear layers near the nozzle exit. We do a direct sound computation for a typical case where the tone is successfully suppressed. Axisymmetric uniformity observed in the uncontrolled case is broken almost completely in the controlled case. The destruction is maintained by the process in which three-dimensional vortices in the jet shear layers convect downstream, interact with the obstacle and recursively disturb the jet flow from the nozzle exit. While regions near the edge of the end plate hole are responsible for producing the sound in the controlled case as well as in the uncontrolled case, acoustic power in the controlled case is much lower than in the uncontrolled case because of the disorganized state.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!